Blue (Joni Mitchell album)

1971 studio album by Joni Mitchell

Blue

Studio album by

Joni Mitchell

Released| June 22, 1971 (1971-06-22)
Recorded| 1971
Studio| A&M, Hollywood, California
Genre|

* Folk
* folk rock

Length| 36:15
Label| Reprise
Producer| Joni Mitchell
Joni Mitchell chronology
| Ladies of the Canyon
(1970)  | Blue
(1971)  | For the Roses
(1972)

|
|

Singles from  Blue

1. "Carey"
Released: August 1971
2. "California"
Released: October 1971

Blue is the fourth studio album by the Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell, released on June 22, 1971, by Reprise Records. Written and produced entirely by Mitchell, it was recorded in 1971 at A&M Studios in Hollywood, California. Created just after her breakup with Graham Nash and during an intense relationship with James Taylor, Blue explores various facets of relationships from love on "A Case of You" to insecurity on "This Flight Tonight". The songs feature simple accompaniments on piano, guitar and Appalachian dulcimer. The album peaked at number 3 on the UK Albums Chart, number 9 on the Canadian RPM Albums Chart and number 15 on the Billboard 200.

Retrospectively, Blue has been widely regarded by music critics as one of the greatest albums of all time; the cohesion of Mitchell's songwriting, compositions and vocals are frequent areas of praise. In January 2000, The New York Times chose Blue as one of the 25 albums that represented "turning points and pinnacles in 20th-century popular music".[1] In 2020, Blue was rated the third greatest album of all time in Rolling Stone's list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time", the highest entry by a female artist.[2] It was also voted number 24 in the third edition of Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums (2000). In July 2017, Blue was chosen by NPR as the greatest album of all time made by a woman.[3]

## History

[edit]

Despite the success of her first three albums and songs like "Woodstock", January 1970 saw Mitchell make a decision to break from performing. In early spring 1970, she set off on a vacation around Europe.[4] While on the island of Crete and staying in Matala, she wrote some of the songs that appear on Blue.[5] This journey was the backdrop for the songs "Carey" and "California"—"Carey" was inspired by her relationship with an American named Cary Raditz, who was the "redneck on a Grecian Isle" in "California".[6] Some of the songs on Blue were inspired by Mitchell's 1968–1970 relationship with Graham Nash.[7] Their relationship was already troubled when she left for Europe, and it was while she was on Formentera that she sent Nash the telegram that let him know that their relationship was over.[7] The songs "My Old Man"[7] and "River"[8] are thought to be inspired by their relationship.

Another pivotal experience in Mitchell's life that drove the emergence of the album was her relationship with James Taylor.[9] She had begun an intense relationship with Taylor by the summer of 1970, visiting him on the set of the movie Two-Lane Blacktop, the aura of which is referred to in "This Flight Tonight".[10] The songs "Blue" and "All I Want" have specific references to her relationship with Taylor, such as a sweater that she knitted for him at the time and his heroin addiction. During the making of Blue in January 1971, they were still very much in love and involved.[11] By March, Taylor's fame had exploded, causing friction. She was reportedly devastated when he broke off the relationship.[12]

The album was almost released in a somewhat different form. In March 1971, completed masters for the album were ready for production. Originally, there were three old songs that had not found their way onto any of her previous albums. At the last minute, Mitchell decided to remove two of the three so that she could add the new songs "All I Want" and "The Last Time I Saw Richard". "Little Green", composed in 1967, was the only old song that remained. The two songs removed were:

* "Urge for Going" – her first song to achieve commercial success when recorded by country singer George Hamilton IV. It was later released as the B-side of "You Turn Me On, I'm a Radio" and again on her 1996 compilation album, Hits.
* "Hunter (The Good Samaritan)", which was released in 2021 on her EP Blue 50 (Demos & Outtakes).

In 1979, Mitchell reflected, "The Blue album, there's hardly a dishonest note in the vocals. At that period of my life, I had no personal defenses. I felt like a cellophane wrapper on a pack of cigarettes. I felt like I had absolutely no secrets from the world and I couldn't pretend in my life to be strong. Or to be happy. But the advantage of it in the music was that there were no defenses there either."[13]

Mitchell continued to use alternate tunings on her guitar to allow easier access to augmented chords and notes in unexpected combinations.[14] Due to the stark and bare revelations in the album, when it was first played for Kris Kristofferson he is reported to have commented, "Joni! Keep something to yourself!"[15]

## Critical reception and legacy

[edit]

Professional ratingsReview scores

Source| Rating
About.com| [16]
AllMusic| [17]
Christgau's Record Guide| A[18]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music| [19]
MusicHound| [20]
Pitchfork| 10/10[21]
Rolling Stone| [22]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide| [23]
Sputnikmusic| [24]

Today, Blue is generally regarded by music critics as one of the greatest albums of all time, with Mitchell's songwriting and compositions being frequent areas of praise. In January 2000, The New York Times chose Blue as one of the 25 albums that represented "turning points and pinnacles in 20th-century popular music".[25]

Jason Ankeny of AllMusic describes Blue as "the quintessential confessional singer/songwriter album". Praising the songs as "raw nerves, tales of love and loss etched with stunning complexity", Ankeny concludes writing "Unrivaled in its intensity". The writers of Pitchfork gave the album a perfect 10-out-of-10 rating, calling it "possibly the most gutting break-up album ever made".[21]

In 2004, Mark Richardson of Pitchfork wrote: "There are two ways to hear Blue. The first is as a historical document. If you are white, middle-class, and liberal—and, especially, if the spirit of the feminist movement had touched someone in your family—then Blue encapsulates your mindset in the ’70s. Kids who grew up on “Sesame Street” with Free to Be... You and Me on the hi-fi heard Blue wafting upstairs when Mom and Dad had friends over and the living room started to reek of that funny smoke. This was the perfect hippie comedown record for those young adults with families who wanted to move on to more serene and comfortable bohemianism. But aside from its historical markers, Blue is a fine stripped-down record with extremely solid songwriting—despite the occasionally cringe-worthy lyric. In this way, Blue is like a companion to Bob Dylan’s Blood on the Tracks—a confessional album very much of its time that endures on the strength of fantastic melodies and musical simplicity."[26]

Blue was included in the 2018 edition of Robert Dimery's book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die[27] and ranked #18 on Apple Music’s 100 Best Albums list in 2024.

### Accolades

[edit]

Accolades for Blue Publication  | Country  | Accolade  | Year  | Rank

|
|
|
|

Consequence of Sound | United States  | The 100 Greatest Albums of All Time[28] | 2007  | 28
Entertainment Weekly | Greatest Albums Ever[29] | 2013  | 11
Kitsap Sun | Top 200 Albums of Last 40 Years[30] | 2005  | 57
Paste | The 70 Best Albums of the 1970s[31] | 2012  | 21
Pitchfork | The 100 Best Albums of the 1970s[32] | 2004  | 86
Radio WXPN | Greatest Albums[33] | 2005  | 13
Rolling Stone | 50 Essential Female Albums[34] | 2002  | 2
The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time[35][36] | 2012  | 30
2020  | 3
Top 100 Albums of Last 20 Years[37] | 1987  | 46
Women Who Rock: The 50 Greatest Albums of All Time[38] | 2012  | 2
Stylus Magazine | Top Albums of All Time[39] | 2004  | 109
Time | Top 100 Albums of All Time[40] | 2006  | N/A
VH1 | 100 Greatest Albums of Rock and Roll Era[41] | 2001  | 14
Vibe | Essential Albums of the 20th Century[42] | 1999  | N/A
Mojo | United Kingdom  | The 100 Greatest Albums Ever Made[43] | 1996  | 18
The 100 Records That Changed the World[citation needed] | 2005  | 65
NME | 101 Albums To Hear Before You Die[44] | 2014  | N/A
All Times Top 100 Albums[45] | 1974  | 67
The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time[46] | 2013  | 63
Q | The 50 Best Albums of 70s[47] | 1998  | 23
The Guardian | Top 100 Best Albums Ever[48] | 1997  | 35
The Observer | The 50 Albums That Changed Music[49] | 2006  | 14
The Times | The 100 Albums of All Time[50] | 1993  | 26
Uncut | 200 Greatest Albums of All Time[51] | 2016  | 33
ChartAttack | Canada  | Top 100 Canadian Albums of All Time[52] | 1996  | 3
Top 50 Canadian Albums of All Time[citation needed] | 2000  | 1

## Commercial performance

[edit]

The album was a commercial success. In Canada, the album peaked at number nine on the Canadian RPM Albums Chart. In the United Kingdom, the album peaked at number three on the UK Albums Chart and has been certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for sales over of 600,000 copies in the UK. In the US, the album peaked at number 15 on the Billboard 200 chart. The album was later certified platinum for sales over a million copies. The single "Carey" reached number 93 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. In 2021, Blue peaked at number 1 on iTunes, 50 years to the day after its release. It also became the number 1 Audio CD on Amazon.[53][54]

## Track listing

[edit]

All tracks are written by Joni Mitchell.

Side one

1. "All I Want" – 3:34
2. "My Old Man" – 3:34
3. "Little Green" – 3:27
4. "Carey" – 3:02
5. "Blue" – 3:05

Side two

1. "California" – 3:51
2. "This Flight Tonight" – 2:51
3. "River" – 4:04
4. "A Case of You" – 4:22
5. "The Last Time I Saw Richard" – 4:15

## Personnel

[edit]

According to the liner notes:[55]

* Joni Mitchell – production, Appalachian dulcimer, guitar, piano & vocals
* Henry Lewy – engineer
* Gary Burden – art direction
* Tim Considine – cover photography

* James Taylor – guitar ("All I Want", "California", "Carey", "A Case of You")
* Russ Kunkel – drums ("Carey", "California", "A Case of You")
* Stephen Stills – bass and guitar ("Carey")
* Sneaky Pete Kleinow – pedal steel guitar ("California", "This Flight Tonight")

|

## Charts

[edit]

### Weekly charts

[edit]

1971 chart performance for Blue | Chart (1971)  | Peak
position

|

Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM)[56] | 9
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[57] | 24
UK Albums (OCC)[58] | 3
US Billboard 200[59] | 15
US Cash Box Top 100 Albums[60] | 14
2019 chart performance for Blue Chart (2019)  | Peak
position

|

US Top Tastemaker Albums (Billboard)[61] | 24
2021 chart performance for Blue Chart (2021–2022)  | Peak
position

|

Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[62] | 44
Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ)[63] | 23
Scottish Albums (OCC)[64] | 30
US Folk Albums (Billboard)[65] | 5
US Top Rock Albums (Billboard)[66] | 46

### Year-end charts

[edit]

Year-end chart performance for Blue | Chart (1971)  | Position

|

US Billboard 200[67] | 87

## Certifications

[edit]

Certifications for Blue Region  | Certification | Certified units/sales

|
|

Australia (ARIA)[68] | Gold  | 35,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[69] | 2× Platinum  | 600,000^
United States (RIAA)[70] | Platinum  | 1,000,000^

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

## References

[edit]

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2. ^ "The Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Albums of All Time: No. 3 Joni Mitchell Blue". Rolling Stone. September 22, 2020. Archived from the original on September 24, 2020. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
3. ^ Tsioulcas, Anastasia (July 24, 2017). "The 150 Greatest Albums Made By Women". NPR. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
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5. ^ Haig, Matt (2015). Reasons to Stay Alive. London, U.K.: Cannongate Books. p. 231\. ISBN 9781782116820. "Formentera was also where Joni Mitchell wrote the album Blue."
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19. ^ Larkin, Colin (2011). "Mitchell, Joni". The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th concise ed.). London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-85712-595-8.
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23. ^ Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian, eds. (2004). "Joni Mitchell". The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. London: Fireside. pp. 547–548. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8. Retrieved September 8, 2009. Portions posted at "Joni Mitchell > Album Guide". Rollingstone.com. Archived from the original on July 31, 2011. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
24. ^ "Joni Mitchell – Blue". Sputnikmusic. June 9, 2006. Archived from the original on October 9, 2015. Retrieved October 4, 2020.
25. ^ Jon Pareles; Neil Strauss; Ben Ratliff & Ann Powers (January 3, 2000). "Critics' Choices; Albums as Mileposts In a Musical Century". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 31, 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2009.
26. ^ Pitchfork (June 23, 2004). "The 100 Best Albums of the 1970s". Pitchfork. Retrieved June 8, 2025.
27. ^ Dimery, Robert; Lydon, Michael (2018). 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die: Revised and Updated Edition. London: Cassell. ISBN 978-1-78840-080-0.
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33. ^ "885 Countdown: Greatest Albums (2005)". xpn.org. Archived from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2021.
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53. ^ Carras, Christi (June 23, 2021). "Joni Mitchell feels all your love for 'Blue': '50 years later, people finally get it'". news.yahoo.com. Retrieved February 11, 2023.
54. ^ Friedman, Roger (June 21, 2021). "Bravo! Joni Mitchell Landmark Album "Blue" Is Number 1 on iTunes 50 Years After Its Release (Listen to Unreleased Demos Here)". Showbiz411. Retrieved February 11, 2023.
55. ^ Blue (LP liner notes). Joni Mitchell. US: Reprise Records. 1971. MS 2038.`{{cite AV media notes}}`: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
56. ^ "Top RPM Albums: Issue 7515". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
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68. ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2003 Albums" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association.
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## External links

[edit]

* Blue at Discogs (list of releases)
* Hilburn, Robert (December 7, 1996). "Joni Mitchell looks at both sides now: her hits – and misses". Los Angeles Times. Posted at "Joni Mitchell looks at both sides now: her hits – and misses". southcoasttoday.com. Archived from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved September 27, 2011. ("All I Want" inspiration is discussed.)

* v
* t
* e

Joni Mitchell

* Discography

Studio albums|

* Song to a Seagull (1968)
* Clouds (1969)
* Ladies of the Canyon (1970)
* Blue (1971)
* For the Roses (1972)
* Court and Spark (1974)
* The Hissing of Summer Lawns (1975)
* Hejira (1976)
* Don Juan's Reckless Daughter (1977)
* Mingus (1979)
* Wild Things Run Fast (1982)
* Dog Eat Dog (1985)
* Chalk Mark in a Rain Storm (1988)
* Night Ride Home (1991)
* Turbulent Indigo (1994)
* Taming the Tiger (1998)
* Both Sides Now (2000)
* Travelogue (2002)
* Shine (2007)

Live albums|

* Miles of Aisles
* Shadows and Light
* Amchitka, The 1970 Concert That Launched Greenpeace
* Joni Mitchell at Newport

Compilation albums|

* Hits
* Misses
* The Beginning of Survival
* Dreamland
* Songs of a Prairie Girl
* Love Has Many Faces: A Quartet, a Ballet, Waiting to Be Danced
* Joni's Jazz

Archives series|

| Box sets|

* Volume 1: The Early Years (1963–1967)
* The Reprise Albums (1968–1971)
* Volume 2: The Reprise Years (1968–1971)
* The Asylum Albums (1972–1975)
* Volume 3: The Asylum Years (1972–1975)
* The Asylum Albums (1976–1980)
* Volume 4: The Asylum Years (1976–1980)

|

Auxiliary releases|

* Early Joni – 1963
* Blue 50 (Demos & Outtakes)

Live albums|

* Live at Canterbury House – 1967
* Live at Carnegie Hall – 1969

Singles|

* "Chelsea Morning"
* "Big Yellow Taxi"
* "Carey"
* "California"
* "You Turn Me On, I'm a Radio"
* "Raised on Robbery"
* "Help Me"
* "Free Man in Paris"
* "In France They Kiss on Main Street"
* "Coyote"
* "My Secret Place"

Notable songs|

* "Both Sides, Now"
* "The Fiddle and the Drum"
* "Woodstock"
* "The Circle Game"
* "Little Green"
* "Blue"
* "This Flight Tonight"
* "River"
* "A Case of You"
* "The Last Time I Saw Richard"
* "Down to You"
* "Twisted"
* "Two Grey Rooms"

Tribute albums|

* River: The Joni Letters
* A Tribute to Joni Mitchell

Related articles|

* L.A. Express
* Blackface controversy

Category

Authority control databases |

* MusicBrainz release group

|

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