Bobongko language

Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia

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|

Bobongko

Native to| Indonesia
Region| Sulawesi

Native speakers

| 1,500 (2001)[1]

Language family

Austronesian

* Malayo-Polynesian
* Celebic
* Saluan–Banggai
* Saluanic
* Bobongko

Language codes
ISO 639-3| `bgb`
Glottolog| `bobo1255`
ELP| Bobongko

Bobongko is an Austronesian language of the Togian Islands off the eastern peninsula of the island of Sulawesi. It belongs to the Saluan–Banggai branch of the Celebic subgroup. Bobongko also contains several loanwords of Gorontalo–Mongondow origin.[2]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Bobongko at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
2. ^ Mead, David (2003b). "The Saluan-Banggai microgroup of eastern Sulawesi" (PDF). In Lynch, John (ed.). Issues in Austronesian historical phonology. Pacific Linguistics 550. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 65–86.

* v
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* e

Celebic languages

| Bungku–Tolaki|

* Bahonsuai
* Bungku
* Kodeoha
* Kulisusu
* Moronene
* Mori Bawah
* Mori Atas
* Padoe
* Rahambuu
* Tolaki
* Tomadino
* Waru
* Wawonii

|

Muna–Buton|

* Bonerate
* Busoa
* Cia-Cia
* Kaimbulawa
* Kumbewaha
* Lasalimu
* Liabuku
* Muna
* Pancana
* Tukang Besi

Saluan–Banggai|

* Andio
* Balantak
* Banggai
* Batui
* Bobongko
* Saluan

Tomini–Tolitoli *|

* Balaesang
* Boano ?
* Dampelas
* Dondo
* Lauje
* Pendau
* Taje
* Tajio
* Tomini
* Totoli ?

Kaili–Wolio *|

| Kaili–Pamona|

* Kaili
* Mbelala
* Moma
* Pamona
* Rampi
* Sarudu
* Sedoa
* Topoiyo
* Uma

Wotu–Wolio|

* Kalao
* Kamaru
* Laiyolo
* Ledo Kaili *
* Wolio
* Wotu

* * indicates proposed status
* ? indicates classification dispute
* † indicates extinct status

* v
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* e

Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages

Malayo-Sumbawan|

| Sundanese|

* Sundanese (Bantenese, Baduy)

|

Madurese|

* Kangean
* Madurese

Malayo-Chamic|

| Chamic|

* Acehnese
* Cham dialects
* Chru
* Haroi
* Jarai
* Rade
* Roglai
* Tsat (Utsat)

|

Malayic|

* Bamayo
* Banjar
* Brunei/Kedayan Malay
* Berau Malay
* Bangka Malay
* Bengkulu
* Col
* Duano'
* Haji
* Iban
* Jambi Malay
* Jakun
* Kedah Malay
* Kutai Malay
* Kaur
* Kerinci
* Kelantan-Pattani Malay (Yawi)
* Kendayan
* Keninjal
* Kubu
* Orang Laut
* Lubu
* Malay (Malaysian & Indonesian)
* Minangkabau
* Musi
* Mualang
* Orang Kanaq
* Orang Seletar
* Pahang Malay
* Pekal
* Perak Malay
* Remun
* Sarawak Malay
* Seberuang
* Temuan
* Terengganu Malay
* Urak Lawoi'

Bali–Sasak|

* Balinese
* Sasak
* Sumbawa

Northwest Sumatra–
Barrier Islands|

* Enggano
* Gayo
* Mentawai
* Nias
* Sikule
* Simeulue

| Batak|

* Alas
* Batak Angkola
* Batak Dairi
* Batak Karo
* Batak Simalungun
* Batak Toba
* Mandailing

|

Lampungic|

* Lampung Api
* Lampung Nyo
* Komering

Celebic|

* Andio
* Badaic
* Bahonsuai
* Balaesang
* Balantak
* Banggai
* Batui
* Boano
* Bobongko
* Bonerate
* Bungku
* Busoa
* Cia-Cia
* Dampelas
* Dondo
* Kalao
* Kaili
* Kaimbulawa
* Kamaru
* Kodeoha
* Kulisusu
* Kumbewaha
* Lasalimu
* Laiyolo
* Lauje
* Liabuku
* Mbelala
* Moronene
* Mori Bawah
* Mori Atas
* Moma
* Muna
* Padoe
* Pancana
* Pendau
* Rahambuu
* Rampi
* Saluan
* Sarudu
* Sedoa
* Pamona
* Taje
* Tajio
* Tukang Besi
* Tolaki
* Tomadino
* Topoiyo
* Tomini
* Totoli
* Uma
* Waru
* Wawonii
* Wolio
* Wotu

South Sulawesi|

* Aralle-Tabulahan
* Bambam
* Bentong
* Budong-Budong
* Buginese
* Campalagian
* Coastal Konjo
* Dakka
* Duri
* Embaloh
* Enrekang
* Highland Konjo
* Kalumpang
* Lemolang
* Maiwa (Sulawesi)
* Makassarese
* Malimpung
* Mamasa
* Mamuju
* Mandar
* Panasuan
* Pannei
* Selayar
* Seko Padang
* Seko Tengah
* Tae’
* Talondo’
* Taman
* Toraja-Sa’dan
* Ulumanda’

Moklenic|

* Moken
* Moklen

Javanese|

* Arekan
* Banyumasan
* Mataraman
* Kawi (Old Javanese)
* Kedu
* Osing
* Tenggerese

Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
(over 700 languages)|

| Eastern Malayo-Polynesian groups|

* South Halmahera–West New Guinea
* Oceanic languages

|

Central Malayo-Polynesian linkages|

* Aru
* Central Maluku
* Kei-Tanimbar
* Kowiai
* Selaru
* Sumba–Flores
* Teor–Kur
* Timoric
* West Damar

Unclassified|

* Chamorro
* Hukumina †
* Palauan

* v
* t
* e

Languages of Indonesia

Western Malayo-Polynesian languages

| Official language|

* Indonesian
* Slang

|

Malayo-Sumbawan|

| Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa|

* Balinese
* Bali Aga
* Lombok
* Nusa Penida
* Sasak
* Sumbawa

|

Chamic|

* Acehnese
* Daya
* South

Ibanic|

* Iban
* Mualang
* Seberuang
* Keninjal

Madurese|

* Bangkalan
* Bawean
* Kangean
* Pendalungan
* Banyuwangi
* Lumajang
* Pasuruan
* Situbondo
* Sapudi
* Sumenep

Malayic|

* Akit
* Ampenan Malay
* Anambas–Natuna Malay
* Asahan Malay
* Bangka Malay
* Banjarese
* Hulu
* Kuala
* Samarinda
* Batubara Malay
* Belitung Malay
* Bengkayang Malay
* Berau Malay
* Bilah Malay
* Bonai
* Bukit
* Deli Malay
* Medan
* Duano'
* Haji
* Jambi Malay
* Kuala Tungkal
* Jaring Halus Malay
* Kapuas Hulu Malay
* Kendayan
* Kerinci
* Kota Pinang Malay
* Kotawaringin Malay
* Kualuh Malay
* Kubu
* Kutainese
* Kota Bangun
* Tenggarong
* Landak Malay
* Langkat Malay
* Lom
* Loncong
* Lubu
* Malayic Dayak
* Arut
* Bamayo
* Banana'
* Belantikan
* Delang
* Gerunggang
* Ketapang/Kayong
* Lamandau
* Mentebah-Suruk
* Pesaguan Hulu
* Pesaguan Kiri
* Riam
* Semitau
* Suhaid
* Sukamara
* Tamuan-Tomun
* Tapitn
* Melawi Malay
* Mempawah Malay
* Musi
* Belide
* Col/Lembak
* Lematang
* Musi
* Palembang
* Pegagan
* Penesak
* Penukal
* Rawas
* Minangkabau
* Jamee
* Kampar
* Kuantan
* Mukomuko
* Pesisir
* Rao
* Tapan
* Ulu Muara Sipongi
* Orang Laut
* Barok
* Galang
* Mantang
* Palu Malay
* Panai Malay
* Petalangan
* Pontianak Malay
* Riau Malay
* Pangaraian
* Riau Coastal
* Rokan Hilir
* Siak
* Tembilahan
* Sakai
* Sambas Malay
* Sanggau Malay
* Sekadau Malay
* Serdang Malay
* Sintang Malay
* Sokop
* South Barisan Malay
* Benakat
* Bengkulu
* Besemah
* Enim
* Lematang Ulu
* Lintang
* Kaur
* Ogan
* Pekal
* Rambang
* Semende
* Serawai
* Talang Mamak
* Tamiang Malay
* Tolitoli Malay

Sundanese|

* Baduy
* Banten
* Brebes
* Cirebon
* Northern Coast
* Bekasi
* Priangan

Javanese|

* Arekan
* Banyumasan
* Cirebonese
* Indramayu
* Kawi
* Osing
* Samin
* Serang
* Tegal
* Tenggerese

Celebic|

* Andio
* Bada
* Bahonsuai
* Balaesang
* Balantak
* Banggai
* Batui
* Behoa
* Boano
* Bobongko
* Bonerate
* Bungku
* Busoa
* Cia-Cia
* Dampelas
* Dondo
* Kalao
* Kaili
* Ledo
* Kaimbulawa
* Kamaru
* Kodeoha
* Kulisusu
* Kumbewaha
* Lasalimu
* Laiyolo
* Lauje
* Liabuku
* Lindu
* Mbelala
* Moronene
* Mori Bawah
* Mori Atas
* Moma
* Muna
* Napu
* Padoe
* Pancana
* Pendau
* Rahambuu
* Rampi
* Saluan
* Sarudu
* Sedoa
* Pamona
* Taje
* Tajio
* Tukang Besi
* Tolaki
* Tomadino
* Topoiyo
* Tomini
* Totoli
* Uma
* Waru
* Wawonii
* Wolio
* Wotu

Lampungic|

* Api/Pesisir
* Cikoneng
* Komering
* Kayuagung
* Nyo/Pepadun

Northwest Sumatra–
Barrier Islands|

* Batak
* Alas
* Angkola
* Dairi
* Karo
* Mandailing
* Simalungun
* Toba
* Enggano
* Gayo
* Mentawai
* Nasal
* Nias
* Simeulue
* Devayan
* Haloban
* Leukon
* Simolol
* Sigulai

South Sulawesi|

* Aralle-Tabulahan
* Bambam
* Bentong
* Budong-Budong
* Buginese
* Campalagian
* Coastal Konjo
* Dakka
* Duri
* Embaloh
* Enrekang
* Highland Konjo
* Kalumpang
* Lemolang
* Maiwa
* Makassarese
* Malimpung
* Mamasa
* Pattae'
* Mamuju
* Mandar
* Panasuan
* Pannei
* Selayar
* Seko Padang
* Seko Tengah
* Tae’
* Talondo’
* Taman
* Toraja-Sa’dan
* Ulumanda’

Barito|

* Ampanang
* Bakumpai
* Berangas
* Bajau
* Deyah
* Kohin
* Lawangan
* Ma'anyan
* Dusun Balangan
* Malang
* Ngaju
* Ot Danum
* Sama
* Ot Siang
* Tunjung
* Witu
* Pakau

Kayan–Murik|

* Aoheng
* Aput
* Bahau
* Hovongan
* Kayan
* Krio
* Modang
* Punan Merah
* Segai

Land Dayak|

* Bakati’
* Biatah
* Bukar Sadong
* Jangkang
* Kembayan
* Laraʼ
* Nyadu’
* Rejangese
* Ribun
* Sanggau
* Sara
* Semandang
* Beginci
* Gerai
* Tringgus

North Bornean|

* Bah-Biau
* Basap
* Bukat
* Bukitan
* Kelabit
* Kenyah
* Mainstream
* Lengilu
* Lun Bawang
* Murut
* Okolod
* Selungai
* Sembakung
* Tagol
* Punan Merap
* Punan Tubu
* Sa'ban
* Sajau
* Tidung
* Burusu
* Kalabakan
* Nonukan

Philippine languages|

| Central Philippine|

* Tausug

|

Gorontalo-Mongondow|

* Bintauna
* Bolango
* Buol
* Gorontaloan
* Polahi
* Kaidipang
* Lolak
* Mongondow
* Ponosakan
* Suwawa

Minahasan|

* Tombulu
* Tondano
* Tonsawang
* Tonsea
* Tontemboan

Sangiric|

* Bantik
* Ratahan
* Sangir
* Talaud
* Miangas

Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages

| Aru|

* Barakai
* Batuley
* Dobel
* Karey
* Koba
* Kola-Kompane
* Lola
* Lorang
* Manombai
* Mariri
* Tarangan
* Ujir

|

Central Maluku|

* Alune
* Amahai
* Ambelau
* Asilulu
* Banda
* Bati
* Benggoi
* Boano
* Bobot
* Buru
* Geser
* Haruku
* Hulaliu
* Kailolo
* Pelauw
* Rohomoni-Kabauw
* Hitu
* Hoti †
* Huaulu
* Hukumina †
* Hulung †
* Kaibobo
* Kamarian †
* Kayeli
* Kowiai
* Laha
* Larike-Wakasihu
* Latu
* Liana-Seti
* Lisabata-Nuniali
* Lisela
* Loun †
* Luhu †
* Mangole
* Manipa
* Manusela
* Masiwang
* Naka'ela
* Nuaulu
* Nusa Laut †
* Paulohi
* Salas
* Saleman
* Saparua
* Seit-Kaitetu
* Sepa-Teluti
* Sula
* Taliabo
* Teor-Kur
* Tulehu
* Watubela
* Wemale
* Yalahatan

Flores–Lembata|

* Alorese
* Kedang
* Lamaholot
* Adonara
* Ile Ape
* Lamalera
* Lamatuka
* Levuka
* Lewo Eleng
* Lewotobi
* South Lembata
* West Lembata
* Sika

Halmahera-
Cenderawasih|

* Ambai
* Ambel
* Ansus
* Arguni
* As
* Bedoanas
* Biak
* Biga
* Buli
* Busami
* Dusner
* Erokwanas
* Gane
* Irarutu
* Iresim
* Kuri
* Kurudu
* Maba
* Maden
* Matbat
* Ma'ya
* Munggui
* Marau
* Meoswar
* Mor
* Papuma
* Patani
* Pom
* Roon
* Sawai
* Serui-Laut
* Taba
* Tandia †
* Wabo
* Wamesa
* Wandamen
* Waropen
* Woi
* Yaur
* Yeretuar
* Yeresiam

Kei-Tanimbar|

* Fordata
* Kei
* Onin
* Sekar
* Uruangnirin
* Yamdena

Micronesian|

Mapia †

Selaru|

* Selaru
* Seluwasan

Sumba–Flores|

* Anakalangu
* Baliledo
* Bima
* Donggo
* Dhao
* Ende
* Gaura
* Hawu
* Kambera
* Kéo
* Kodi
* Komodo
* Lamboya
* Lio
* Mamboru
* Manggarai
* Nage
* Ngadha
* Palu'e
* Pondok
* Rajong
* Rembong
* Riung
* Rongga
* So'a
* Kepo'
* Wae Rana
* Wanukaka
* Wejewa

Timor–Babar|

* Amarasi
* Bekais
* Bilba
* Dai
* Dawera-Daweloor
* Dela-Oenale
* Dengka
* East Damar
* Emplawas
* Galoli
* Helong
* Imroing
* Kemak
* Kisar
* Leti
* Lole
* Luang
* Masela
* Nila
* North Babar
* Ringgou
* Romang
* Serili
* Serua
* Southeast Babar
* Tela'a
* Termanu
* Tetum
* Te'un
* Tii
* Uab Meto
* West Damar
* Welaun
* Wetar

Western Oceanic|

* Anus
* Bonggo
* Kayupulau
* Liki
* Masimasi
* Ormu
* Podena
* Kaptiau
* Sobei
* Tarpia
* Tobati
* Wakde
* Yamna

Papuan languages

| North Halmahera|

* Galela
* Gamkonora
* Kao
* Loloda
* Modole
* Pagu
* Sahu
* Tabaru
* Ternate
* Tidore
* Tobelo
* Togutil
* Waioli
* West Makian

|

Timor–Alor–Pantar|

* Abui
* Adang
* Blagar
* Bunak
* Kaera
* Kafoa
* Kamang
* Klon
* Kui
* Kula
* Nedebang
* Oirata
* Retta
* Sawila
* Teiwa
* Wersing
* Western Pantar
* Woisika

Asmat–Mombum|

* Buruwai
* Casuarina Coast Asmat
* Central Asmat
* North Asmat
* Citak
* Mombum
* Kamberau
* Kamoro
* Koneraw
* Sempan

West Bird's Head|

* Kalabra
* Kuwani
* Moi
* Moraid
* Seget
* Tehit

South Bird's Head|

* Arandai
* Dombano
* Duriankari
* Inanwatan
* Kaburi
* Kais
* Kemberano
* Kokoda
* Konda
* Kovojab
* Puragi
* Yahadian

East Bird's Head|

* Hatam
* Mansim
* Meyah
* Moskona
* Sougb

West Bomberai|

* Baham
* Iha
* Karas

Dani|

* Grand Valley Dani
* Hupla
* Nduga
* Nggem
* Silimo
* Walak
* Wano
* Western Dani
* Yali

Paniai Lakes|

* Auye
* Dao
* Ekari
* Moni
* Wolani

Digul River|

* Aghu
* Awbono
* Bayono
* Densar
* Edera
* Jair
* Kombai
* Komyandaret
* Korowai
* Mandobo
* Pisa
* Sawi
* Shiaxa
* Tsaukambo
* Wambon

Foja Range|

* Airoran
* Bagusa
* Berik
* Betaf
* Bonerif
* Dabe
* Dineor
* Edwas
* Gresi
* Isirawa
* Itik
* Kapori
* Kauwera
* Keijar
* Kemtuik
* Kwerba
* Kwerba Mamberamo
* Kwesten
* Kwinsu
* Mander
* Massep
* Mawes †
* Mekwei
* Mlap
* Namblong
* Nimboran
* Orya
* Sause
* Oksapmin
* Samarokena
* Trimuris
* Vitou

Lakes Plain|

* Awera
* Biritai
* Doutai
* Duvle
* Eritai
* Fayu
* Foau
* Iau
* Kaiy
* Keuw
* Kirikiri
* Kwerisa
* Obokuitai
* Papasena
* Rasawa
* Sikaritai
* Tause
* Taworta
* Waritai

East Cenderawasih Bay|

* Baropasi
* Bauzi
* Burate
* Demisa
* Kofei
* Nisa-Anasi
* Sauri
* Tefaro
* Tunggare
* Woria

Yawa|

* Saweru
* Yawa

Demta–Sentani|

* Demta
* Nafri
* Sentani
* Tabla

Ok|

* Burumakok
* Faiwol
* Iwur
* Kopka
* Muyu
* Nakai
* Ngalum
* Ninggerum
* Tangko
* Tifal
* Yonggom

Momuna–Mek|

* Eipo
* Goliath
* Ketengban
* Kosarek
* Korupun
* Nalca
* Nipsan
* Somahai

Skou|

* Sangke
* Skou

South Pauwasi|

* Biksi-Yetfa
* Kembra
* Kimki
* Lepki
* Murkim

East Pauwasi|

* Emem
* Zorop

West Pauwasi|

* Namla
* Tebi
* Tofanma
* Towei
* Usku

Kaure–Kosare|

* Kaure
* Kosare

Marind–Yaqai|

* Bipim
* Marind
* Yaqay

Bulaka River|

* Maklew
* Yelmek

Kayagar|

* Atohwaim
* Kayagar
* Tamagario

Border|

* Awyi
* Elseng
* Taikat
* Manem
* Sowanda
* Viid
* Waris

Senagi|

* Dera

Mairasi|

* Mairasi
* Mer
* Semimi

Kolopom|

* Kimaghama
* Morori
* Ndom
* Riantana

Yam|

* Ngkolmpu Kanum
* Rema
* Smerki
* Tamer
* Yei

Lower Mamberamo|

* Warembori
* Yoke

Unclassfied or language isolates|

* Abinomn
* Abun
* Amung
* Burmeso
* Dem
* Kanum
* Maklew
* Maybrat
* Molof
* Momina
* Mor
* Mpur
* Pyu
* Saponi †
* Sumuri
* Tambora †
* Uhunduni

Other languages

| Creoles and Pidgins|

| Malay-based creoles|

* Alor Malay
* Ambonese Malay
* Aru
* Tenggara Jauh
* Banda Malay
* Balinese Malay
* Betawi
* Gorap
* Gorontalo Malay
* Kupang Malay
* Larantuka Malay
* Manado Malay
* Makassar Malay
* Maumere Malay
* North Moluccan Malay
* Sula
* Ternate
* Orang Pulo
* Papuan Malay
* Northwest
* Serui
* Peranakan
* Surabayan

|

Other creoles and pidgins|

* Bidau Creole Portuguese †
* Flores Creole Portuguese †
* Javindo
* Mardijker †
* Petjo
* Pidgin Iha
* Pidgin Onin
* Pidgin Tukang Besi
* Portugis †
* Tansi
* Tiong Pa

Immigrant languages|

| Chinese|

* Cantonese
* Fuqing
* Fuzhounese
* Hainanese
* Hakka
* Acehnese
* Bangka-Belitung
* Pontianak
* Singkawang
* Haklau
* Hokkien
* Bagan
* Batam
* Medan
* Hinghwa
* Mandarin
* Indonesian
* Siantar
* Teochew
* Batam
* Jambi
* Ketapang
* Pontianak

|

European|

* Dutch
* Indonesian Dutch
* English
* Portuguese

Indian|

* Bengali
* Gujarati
* Odia
* Pali
* Punjabi
* Sanskrit
* Sindhi
* Tamil
* Telugu
* Urdu

Middle Eastern|

* Arabic
* Indonesian Arabic
* Hadhrami Arabic
* Modern Standard Arabic

Others|

* Tagalog
* Filipino
* Japanese
* Korean

Sign languages|

* Indonesian Sign Languages
* Kata Kolok

† indicate extinct languages

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* v
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