Bojnord

City in North Khorasan province, Iran

For the administrative division of North Khorasan province, see Bojnord County.

City in North Khorasan, Iran

Bojnord

بجنورد

City

Mofakham's House of Mirrors, Sardar Mofkham Mansion, Jajarmi Mansion

Seal

Bojnord

Coordinates: 37°28′20″N 57°19′44″E﻿ / ﻿37.47222°N 57.32889°E﻿ / 37.47222; 57.32889[1]
Country| Iran
Province| North Khorasan
County| Bojnord
District| Central
Government

• Mayor| Mohammad Ali Keshmiri
Area

• City

| 36 km2 (14 sq mi)
Elevation

| 1,070 m (3,510 ft)
Population

(2016)[2]

• Urban

| 228,931
• Metro

| 335,931
Time zone| UTC+03:30 (IRST)
Area code| (+98) 58
Climate| BSk
Website| http://www.bojnord-city.ir/

Bojnord (Persian: بجنوردⓘ)[a] is a city in the Central District of Bojnord County, North Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.[5] It is about 701 km (436 mi) from Tehran.[6] and 242 km away from Mashhad, the capital of Razavi Khorasan province.[7]

## History

[edit]

According to local tradition, the whole area was controlled by the Qarai Turks since the Mongol invasion in the 13th century.[8]

Bojnurd is of recent origin and possibly built by the Safavids for the Kurdish Şadiyan tribe who had been settled there to strengthen the Safavid borders against hostile Turkmens. Traditionally, the city was surrounded by a defensive wall and consisted of eleven quarters, bazaars and four mosques.[8]

In 1849, the city saw a revolt which destroyed the city. When traveller G. C. Napier visited the city in 1876, it was noted that the chief of Bojnurd was a Kurd who governed the city without taxation in exchange for military support to the central government in Tehran.[8]

Severe earthquakes in 1896 and 1929 destroyed the city and its surroundings. The city would consequently be rebuilt without historical or recent fortifications in a modern matter.[8] In 1997, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake caused significant damage and many fatalities in the city.[9]

## Demographics

[edit]

### Population

[edit]

Population historyYear| Pop.| ±%

|
|

1956 | 19,253| —
1966 | 31,248| +62.3%
1976 | 47,719| +52.7%
1986 | 93,392| +95.7%
1991 | 112,426| +20.4%
1996 | 134,835| +19.9%
2006 | 172,772[11]| +28.1%
2011 | 199,791[12]| +15.6%
2016 | 228,931[2]| +14.6%
Source: [10]

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 172,772 in 44,217 households.[11] The following census in 2011 counted 199,791 people in 56,761 households.[12] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 228,931 people in 67,335 households.[2]

## ٔGeography

[edit]

Bojnourd city, the capital of North Khorasan province with an area of 36 square kilometers, is located in northeastern Iran at 57 degrees and 20 minutes longitude and 37 degrees and 28 minutes latitude south of Kopedagh mountain range and east of Aladagh mountain range and north of Alborz mountain range. Bojnourd is 1070 meters above sea level and its distance to Tehran is 821 kilometers.[13]

### Climate

[edit]

Bojnord has a cold semi-arid climate (BSk) according to the Köppen climate classification.[14]

Climate data for Bojnurd (1991–2020)[i]

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 19.2
(66.6)  | 27.2
(81.0)  | 30.8
(87.4)  | 34.4
(93.9)  | 37.4
(99.3)  | 40.0
(104.0)  | 41.2
(106.2)  | 40.6
(105.1)  | 39.0
(102.2)  | 33.6
(92.5)  | 27.8
(82.0)  | 25.0
(77.0)  | 41.2
(106.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 6.9
(44.4)  | 8.7
(47.7)  | 13.9
(57.0)  | 19.9
(67.8)  | 24.9
(76.8)  | 30.3
(86.5)  | 32.8
(91.0)  | 32.1
(89.8)  | 28.2
(82.8)  | 21.8
(71.2)  | 13.9
(57.0)  | 8.8
(47.8)  | 20.2
(68.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 0.9
(33.6)  | 2.4
(36.3)  | 7.0
(44.6)  | 12.6
(54.7)  | 17.8
(64.0)  | 22.9
(73.2)  | 25.4
(77.7)  | 24.4
(75.9)  | 20.2
(68.4)  | 13.8
(56.8)  | 7.0
(44.6)  | 2.7
(36.9)  | 13.1
(55.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | −3.7
(25.3)  | −2.4
(27.7)  | 1.7
(35.1)  | 6.6
(43.9)  | 11.2
(52.2)  | 15.5
(59.9)  | 18.2
(64.8)  | 16.7
(62.1)  | 12.8
(55.0)  | 6.9
(44.4)  | 1.8
(35.2)  | −1.9
(28.6)  | 7.0
(44.5)
Record low °C (°F)  | −19.0
(−2.2)  | −21.0
(−5.8)  | −13.6
(7.5)  | −5.4
(22.3)  | −0.2
(31.6)  | 4.0
(39.2)  | 10.0
(50.0)  | 5.4
(41.7)  | 1.6
(34.9)  | −5.0
(23.0)  | −14.4
(6.1)  | −18.1
(−0.6)  | −21.0
(−5.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 22.2
(0.87)  | 31.9
(1.26)  | 45.3
(1.78)  | 38.7
(1.52)  | 30.4
(1.20)  | 10.2
(0.40)  | 6.8
(0.27)  | 4.8
(0.19)  | 7.7
(0.30)  | 12.4
(0.49)  | 25.8
(1.02)  | 19.2
(0.76)  | 255.4
(10.06)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5.4  | 6.3  | 7.4  | 6.1  | 4.9  | 1.9  | 1.1  | 0.7  | 1  | 2.8  | 4.5  | 4.5  | 46.6
Average rainy days  | 4  | 5.5  | 9.2  | 9.6  | 7.9  | 2.9  | 2.1  | 1.1  | 1.9  | 4.5  | 7.4  | 5.9  | 62
Average snowy days  | 7.2  | 7.5  | 4.7  | 0.6  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 1.2  | 4.1  | 25.3
Average relative humidity (%)  | 72  | 71  | 68  | 64  | 58  | 47  | 45  | 42  | 48  | 57  | 69  | 73  | 59.5
Average dew point °C (°F)  | −4.1
(24.6)  | −3.0
(26.6)  | 0.5
(32.9)  | 4.9
(40.8)  | 8.1
(46.6)  | 9.1
(48.4)  | 11.0
(51.8)  | 8.8
(47.8)  | 7.2
(45.0)  | 4.0
(39.2)  | 0.8
(33.4)  | −2.3
(27.9)  | 3.8
(38.7)
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 152  | 152  | 174  | 211  | 272  | 325  | 342  | 342  | 289  | 248  | 175  | 144  | 2,826
Source: NOAA[15] (Snow and Sleet days 1981–2010)[16]

Climate data for Bojnurd (1977–2010)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 6.2
(43.2)  | 7.8
(46.0)  | 13.0
(55.4)  | 19.8
(67.6)  | 24.3
(75.7)  | 29.8
(85.6)  | 32.5
(90.5)  | 31.9
(89.4)  | 28.2
(82.8)  | 21.4
(70.5)  | 14.3
(57.7)  | 8.6
(47.5)  | 19.8
(67.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 1.2
(34.2)  | 2.6
(36.7)  | 7.2
(45.0)  | 13.3
(55.9)  | 17.6
(63.7)  | 22.5
(72.5)  | 25.2
(77.4)  | 24.3
(75.7)  | 20.3
(68.5)  | 14.1
(57.4)  | 8.3
(46.9)  | 3.6
(38.5)  | 13.4
(56.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | −3.7
(25.3)  | −2.6
(27.3)  | 1.4
(34.5)  | 6.7
(44.1)  | 10.9
(51.6)  | 15.2
(59.4)  | 17.9
(64.2)  | 16.6
(61.9)  | 12.5
(54.5)  | 6.9
(44.4)  | 2.2
(36.0)  | −1.5
(29.3)  | 6.9
(44.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 25.1
(0.99)  | 32.2
(1.27)  | 42.9
(1.69)  | 39.1
(1.54)  | 33.3
(1.31)  | 9.0
(0.35)  | 8.7
(0.34)  | 5.5
(0.22)  | 9.3
(0.37)  | 12.4
(0.49)  | 26.0
(1.02)  | 24.3
(0.96)  | 267.8
(10.55)
Average precipitation days  | 10.6  | 11.4  | 12.4  | 10.8  | 9.8  | 3.8  | 2.4  | 1.9  | 2.8  | 5.3  | 8.1  | 9.9  | 89.2
Average relative humidity (%)  | 72  | 71  | 68  | 63  | 58  | 48  | 46  | 43  | 48  | 57  | 67  | 72  | 59
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 144.4  | 148.6  | 164.7  | 206.8  | 267.1  | 309.0  | 328.5  | 331.3  | 281.1  | 243.2  | 178.1  | 142.3  | 2,745.1
Source 1: World Meteorological Organisation
Source 2: [1]

1. ^ Rainy days calculated using parameter codes 46 and 71

## Colleges and universities

[edit]

Universities located in Bojnord include:[17]

* University of Bojnurd
* North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences
* Islamic Azad University of Bojnurd
* Eshragh Institute of Higher Education (Bojnurd, North Khorasan)
* Payam Noor University of Bojnurd
* University of Kosar

## Notable people

[edit]

Abdolhossein Teymourtash (Sardar Moazzam Khorasani), a distinguished and influential Iranian politician of the 20th century (Pahlavi dynasty), was born in Bojnord

* Abdolhossein Teymourtash (Sardar Moazzam Khorasani), a distinguished and influential politician of the 20th century (Pahlavi dynasty)
* Ali-Akbar Davar, politician and judge and the founder of the modern judicial system of Iran
* Kazem Mousavi Bojnurdi, historian, theologian, writer and the curator of the National Library of Iran (1997–2005)
* Mohammad Davari, journalist, known for arrest in 2009–10 Iranian election protests
* Mostafa Tabrizi, politician

The city of Bojnord | Bojnord in fall | A rainy spring day in Bojnord

|
|

## See also

[edit]

Media related to Bojnord at Wikimedia Commons

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Also romanized as Bojnoord and Bojnūrd; also known as Bujnūrd; and known in the Middle Ages as Buzanjird[3][4]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (26 October 2024). "Bojnord, Bojnord County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 26 October 2024.
2. ^ a b c Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): North Khorasan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
3. ^ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Bojnurd, Iran".
4. ^ Bojnord can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3056548" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
5. ^ Habibi, Hassan (c. 2015) [Approved 12 September 1990]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Khorasan province, centered in Mashhad. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Proposal 3223.1.5.53; Approval Letter 3808-907; Notification 84902/T125K. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2024 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.
6. ^ "Tehran".
7. ^ "Distance from Bojnurd to Mashhad". www.distancecalculator.net. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
8. ^ a b c d Ehlers, Eckart; Bosworth, C. E. (1989). "BOJNŪRD". Encyclopedia Iranica. IV.
9. ^ "Earthquake Toll Rises in Iran as Aftershocks Hit". Reuters. Tehran, Iran: ReliefWeb. 5 February 1997. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
10. ^ "Cities with a population of 100,000 and more (1956-2006 census)" (XLS). irandataportal.syr.edu. Iran data portal. p. 1. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
11. ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): North Khorasan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
12. ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): North Khorasan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
13. ^ "Bojnord". www.visitiran.ir. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
14. ^ "Köppen Climate Classification: How to Use the Other Plant Map". Lawnstarter. 22 October 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
15. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Bojnurd-40723" (CSV). ncei.noaa.gov (Excel). National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
16. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981-2010: Bojnurd(WMO number: 40723)" (XLS). ncei.noaa.gov (Excel). National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration. Retrieved 18 February 2024. "Parameter Code 80: Number of Days with Sleet/Snow"
17. ^ "دانستنیهایی از استان خراسان شمالی".

## External links

[edit]

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Bujnūrd".

* v
* t
* e

North Khorasan province, Iran

Capital|

* Bojnord

Counties and cities|

| Bojnord County|

* Bojnord
* Hesar-e Garmkhan
* Raz

|

Esfarayen County|

* Esfarayen
* Safiabad

Faruj County|

* Faruj

Garmeh County|

* Garmeh
* Daraq

Jajrom County|

* Jajarm
* Sankhvast
* Shoqan

Maneh and Samalqan County|

* Ashkhaneh
* Pish Qaleh
* Qazi

Shirvan County|

* Shirvan
* Lujali

Sights|

* Sari Gol protected area
* Mofakham mirror house
* Salook Protected Area

populated places|

* List of cities, towns and villages in North Khorasan Province

* v
* t
* e

Bojnord County

Capital|

* Bojnord

Districts|

| Central|

| Cities|

* Bojnord

|

Rural Districts
and villages|

| Aladagh|

* Ab Chur
* Aligol
* Allah Verdi Khan
* Ark
* Arkan
* Asadli
* Baz Khaneh
* Borj
* Dar Sufian
* Dartum
* Emam Verdi
* Firuzeh
* Gerivan
* Halqeh Sang
* Hamzanlu
* Hesar-e Shah Verdi Khan
* Kacharanlu
* Kalateh-ye Molla Gholamhoseyn
* Kalateh-ye Naqi
* Kalateh-ye Yavari
* Khoda Qoli
* Khush Manzar
* Ki Ki
* Malkesh
* Matranlu
* Mehnan
* Mirza Hasanlu
* Neyestaneh
* Pa Qaleh
* Qaleh Marz
* Qapaq
* Qarah Bashlu
* Rain
* Rakhtian
* Rashvanlu
* Sandalabad
* Taraqi-ye Kord
* Tirsazi Power Plant
* Tomato Paste Plant, Aladagh

|

Baba Aman|

* Aliabad
* Baba Aman
* Baghcheq
* Chahar Kharvar
* Chenaran
* Hamid
* Jammi
* Kalateh-ye Ashian
* Kalateh-ye Baqer Khan Seh
* Kuh Kamar
* Mohammadabad
* Pighur
* Shaqeh
* Taraqi Tork
* Yengi Qaleh

Badranlu|

* Arab
* Atrabad-e Olya
* Atrabad-e Sofla
* Badranlu
* Bidak
* Burbur
* Cherik
* Daraghanlu
* Dehgah
* Fakhr ol Din
* Goli
* Gowdali Sallakh
* Hesar-e Teymur Tash
* Kalab
* Kalantar
* Kalateh-ye Aqa Nabi
* Kalateh-ye Mastufi
* Kalateh-ye Pahlvanlu
* Kalateh-ye Shahida Zarsa
* Khandaqlu
* Kohneh Kan
* Langar
* Mamlejeh
* Nargeslu-ye Olya
* Nargeslu-ye Sofla
* Ostad Teymurtash
* Paserkanlu
* Qaleh Shaban
* Qaleh-ye Mamu
* Qaleh-ye Tut
* Qarah Jangal-e Olya
* Qarajeh
* Qareh Kanlu
* Qareh Now Deh
* Qasr-e Qajar
* Serivan Asheqan
* Serivan Tappeh
* Shahrak Tatar
* Sheykh Teymur
* Tatar
* Yengi Qaleh-ye Kasbair
* Yengi Qaleh-ye Shahrak

Garmkhan|

| Cities|

* Hesar-e Garmkhan

|

Rural Districts
and villages|

| Garmkhan|

* Abdollahabad
* Aq Tappeh
* Band-e Yaghmur
* Chahar Borj-e Olya
* Chahar Borj-e Sofla
* Dongal
* Esfidan
* Garmkhan
* Hanuzi
* Kalateh-ye Sohrab
* Khattab
* Marz
* Najafabad
* Naveh
* Now Deh
* Okhli
* Owzan Bijeh
* Pakotal
* Qaleh Joq-e Bozorg
* Qarah Khan Bandi
* Qarloq
* Qazi
* Qazi-ye Sofla
* Qeshlaq
* Qeshlaq-e Kareh
* Qezelqan
* Quch Qaleh-ye Olya
* Sar Cheshmeh
* Shah Ojaq
* Shahrak-e Qaem
* Shahrak-e Qarah Lar
* Sheykh
* Sisab
* Soluli
* Yekkeh Shakh

|

Gifan|

* Amirabad
* Darband
* Gifan-e Bala
* Gifan-e Pain
* Hajji Abd ol Vahhab
* Hasanabad
* Izman-e Bala
* Izman-e Pain
* Jafarabad
* Judar
* Kalateh-ye Hajji Ali Akbar
* Mianzu
* Pasandarreh
* Pir Boz
* Qaleh-ye Mohammadi
* Qatlish-ye Olya
* Qatlish-ye Sofla
* Qazi
* Qeshlaq-e Naveh
* Rezqaneh
* Shahrak-e Qaleh Juq-e Bozorg
* Yazdanabad

Raz and Jargalan|

| Cities|

* Raz

|

Rural Districts
and villages|

| Gholaman|

* Adineh Qoli
* Ashraf Darreh
* Besh Darreh
* Dashli Qaleh
* Gholaman
* Kalateh-ye At Ali
* Kalateh-ye Hasan Qoli
* Porseh Su-ye Olya
* Porseh Su-ye Sofla
* Qareh Bater
* Rasteqan
* Sangsar
* Seyu Khosavi Anqolab
* Seyu Khosavi Hashem
* Taklah Quz
* Tazeh Qaleh

|

Jargalan|

* Asharf ol Eslam
* Bacheh Darreh
* Baghleq
* Beyk Pulad
* Buyaqoli
* Duydukh-e Olya
* Eqreqayeh
* Gar Gaz
* Gaz
* Gonbadli
* Hasanabad
* Hesarcheh
* Hesarcheh-ye Pain
* Kalateh-ye Abrisham
* Kalateh-ye Bahar
* Kariz
* Karkuli
* Karposhtli-ye Baghi
* Karposhtli-ye Olya
* Kilu Panjeh
* Mazarlaq
* Mazraeh Bacheh Darreh-ye Olya
* Mazraeh Chal Tak Pak
* Oshtut-e Bala
* Oshtut-e Pain
* Qarah Aqaj
* Qarah Parcheq
* Qarah Qanlu
* Qarayeh Seydnur
* Qavolqa
* Qezel
* Quri Darreh
* Tash Nafas
* Tutli-ye Olya
* Tutli-ye Sofla
* Yekkeh Soud-e Olya
* Yekkeh Soud-e Sofla
* Yeylaq

Raz|

* Abdollahabad
* Amanli
* Anabay
* Emam Darreh
* Esferuj
* Farah Din
* Guy Nik
* Jolof Darreh
* Kalateh-ye Shiru
* Pashindeh
* Qaleh-ye Qushin
* Qush Tappeh
* Seyyedabad
* Tangeh-ye Raz
* Tangeh-ye Torkaman
* Zarneh

* v
* t
* e

Provincial capitals of Iran

* Ahvaz
* Arak
* Ardabil
* Bandar Abbas
* Birjand
* Bojnord
* Bushehr
* Gorgan
* Hamadan
* Ilam
* Isfahan
* Karaj
* Kerman
* Kermanshah
* Khorramabad
* Mashhad
* Qazvin
* Qom
* Rasht
* Sanandaj
* Sari
* Semnan
* Shahr-e Kord
* Shiraz
* Tabriz
* Tehran
* Urmia
* Yasuj
* Yazd
* Zahedan
* Zanjan

*[Pop.]: Population
*[±%]: Percent change
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*[t]: Discuss this template
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