Bonneterre Formation

Upper Cambrian geologic formation

Bonneterre Formation

Stratigraphic range: Guzhangian (Dresbachian)
~501–497 Ma

PreꞒ

Galena in Bonneterre Dolomite (Upper Cambrian; Missouri)

Type| Formation
Underlies| Davis Formation
Overlies| Lamotte Sandstone[1]
Lithology
Primary| Dolomite
Other| Shale, limestone, sandstone
Location
Coordinates| 37°38′10″N 90°34′41″W﻿ / ﻿37.636°N 90.578°W﻿ / 37.636; -90.578
Approximate paleocoordinates| 22°54′S 86°30′W﻿ / ﻿22.9°S 86.5°W﻿ / -22.9; -86.5
Region| Arkansas,[2] Kansas,[3] Illinois, Iowa,[4] Minnesota,[4] Missouri
Country|  United States

Bonneterre Formation (the United States)

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Bonneterre Formation (Missouri)

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The Bonneterre Formation is an Upper Cambrian geologic formation which outcrops in the St. Francois Mountains of the Missouri Ozarks. The Bonneterre is a major host rock for the lead ores of the Missouri Lead Belt.

## Description

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The formation is dominantly dolomite with areas or layers of pure limestone. A shaley or glauconitic zone occurs in the lower portion and the base contains sand and conglomerate or breccia where the formation overlaps the Lamotte and lies directly on the granite of the mountain core.[5]

## Stratigraphy

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Early geologists offered a variety of names for what is now known as the Bonneterre Formation.[1] In 1894, Missouri state geologist Arthur Winslow proposed St. Francois limestone as a name for thick limestone beds,[6] including everything between what are now known as the Lamotte Sandstone and the St. Peter Sandstone.[7] He described the lower part of that formation (now comprising the Bonneterre and the Elvins Group)[8] separately as the St. Joseph limestone.[9] Charles Rollin Keyes's Fredericktown limestone included everything between the Lamotte and the Potosi Dolomite when he first described it in 1896, but his later uses of the name were in a more restricted sense equivalent to the modern Bonneterre.[10]

In 1901, Frank Lewis Nason was the first to apply the name Bonneterre (originally spelled Bonne Terre) to these rocks,[1] identifying a type section near the city of Bonne Terre, Missouri.[11]

### Contacts

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The Bonneterre is conformably overlain by the Davis Formation. The Bonneterre Formation lies conformably on the Lamotte Sandstone and in places lies directly on the Proterozoic igneous core of the mountains.

### Thickness

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In the outcrop area the Bonneterre has an average thickness of 375 to 400 feet. It is present in the subsurface throughout Missouri and has a maximum recorded thickness of 1580 feet under Pemiscot County in the Missouri Bootheel.[5]

## Fossils

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The dolomites and limestones of the Bonneterre Formation contain fossils of late Cambrian invertebrates. Algal stromatolites, echinoderms, and microfossils such as Girvanella are associated with fringing reef paleoecosystems surrounding the Cambrian islands that are now the St. Francois Mountains.[12] A variety of trilobite fossils have been reported from the Bonneterre, including Coosella, Holcacephalus, Meteoraspis, Tricrepicephalus, and Welleraspis.[13][14] Several monoplacophorans have also been described from the Bonneterre; one, Hypseloconus bonneterrense is named for the formation.[14][15]

## References

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1. ^ a b c Thompson 2001, p. 37.
2. ^ Kurtz et al. 1975, p. 1.
3. ^ Goebel 1968, p. 12.
4. ^ a b Mossler 1987, p. 6.
5. ^ a b Thompson 1995, pp. 18–19.
6. ^ Winslow 1894, pp. 331, 346, 349–354.
7. ^ Thompson 2001, p. 250.
8. ^ Thompson 2001, p. 251.
9. ^ Winslow 1894, pp. 331, 347.
10. ^ Thompson 2001, p. 110.
11. ^ Nason, F.L. (1901). "On the presence of a limestone conglomerate in the lead region of St. Francois County, Missouri". American Journal of Science. 4th. 12: 358–361. doi:10.2475/ajs.s4-12.71.358.
12. ^ Lyle, J. R. (1977). "Petrography and carbonate diagenesis of the Bonneterre Formation in the Viburnum Trend area, Southeast Missouri". Economic Geology. 72 (3): 420–434. Bibcode:1977EcGeo..72..420L. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.72.3.420.
13. ^ Hu, Chung-Hung (1979). "692. Ontogenies of four Upper Cambrian trilobites from the Bonneterre Dolomite, Missouri". Transactions and Proceedings of the Paleontological Society of Japan. New Series. 1978 (111): 348–357. doi:10.14825/prpsj1951.1978.111_348.
14. ^ a b Stinchcomb, B. L (1975). "Paleoecology of two new species of Late Cambrian Hypseloconus (Monoplacophora) from Missouri". Journal of Paleontology. 49 (2): 416–421. JSTOR 1303372.
15. ^ Stinchcomb, Bruce; Angeli, Nicholas (2002). "New Cambrian and Lower Ordovician monoplacophorans form the Ozark Uplift, Missouri". Journal of Paleontology. 76 (6): 965–974. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0965:NCALOM>2.0.CO;2.

### Bibliography

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* Goebel, Edwin D. (1968). "Paleozoic Era". In Zeller, D. E. (ed.). The Stratigraphic Succession in Kansas. Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin 189. University of Kansas. p. 12.
* Kurtz, Vincent E.; Thacker, Joseph L.; Anderson, Kenneth H.; Gerdemann, Paul E. (1975). Traverse in Late Cambrian Strata from the St. Francois Mountains, Missouri to Delaware County, Oklahoma (PDF). Report of Investigations 55. Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Division of Research and Technical Information. LCCN 74-620007.
* Mossler, John H. (1987). Paleozoic Lithostratigraphic Nomenclature for Minnesota (PDF). Report of Investigations 36. University of Minnesota. ISSN 0076-9177.
* Stinchcomb, Bruce; Angeli, Nicholas (2002), "New Cambrian and Lower Ordovician monoplacophorans form the Ozark Uplift, Missouri", Journal of Paleontology, 76 (6): 965–974, doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0965:NCALOM>2.0.CO;2
* Thompson, Thomas L. (1995). The Stratigraphic Succession in Missouri (Revised 1995) (PDF). 2nd. Vol. 40 (Revised ed.). Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Land Survey. LCCN 95-76805.
* Thompson, Thomas L. (2001). Lexicon of Stratigraphic Nomenclature in Missouri (PDF). Report of Investigation Number 73. Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Land Survey. LCCN 2001089500.
* Winslow, Arthur (1894). Lead and Zinc Deposits. Vol. 6–7. Missouri Geological Survey.

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Chronostratigraphy of Illinois

Ph|

| Cz|

| Q|

| Holocene|

* Glacial alluvium, drift, and loess

|

Pleistocene|

Embayment Megagroup

* Mounds Gravel
* Grover Gravel

| Pliocene|

Embayment Megagroup

* Mounds Gravel
* Grover Gravel

|

Pe|

| Eocene|

Embayment Megagroup

* Wilcox Formation
* Claiborne Formation

|

Paleocene|

Embayment Megagroup

* Porters Creek Formation
* Clayton Formation

Mz|

| K|

| Upper|

| Maastrichtian|

Embayment Megagroup

* Owl Creek Formation
* McNairy Formation
* Baylis Formation

|

Campanian|

Embayment Megagroup

* Post Creek Formation
* Baylis Formation

Pz|

| C|

| ⁋|

| Kasimovian|

McLeansboro Group

* Bond Formation
* Mattoon Formation
* Patoka Formation
* Shelburn Formation

|

Moscovian|

* Carbondale Group

Bashkirian|

Raccoon Creek Group

* Brazil Formation
* Caseyville Formation
* Mansfield Formation
* Tradewater Formation
* Staunton Formation

| Serpukhovian|

Pope Mega Group

*     Grove Church
Kinkaid Limestone
Dagonia Sandstone
Clore Formation
Palestine Sandstone
Menard Limestone
Waltersburg Formation
Vianna Formation
Tar Springs Sandstone

|

Viséan|

Pope Mega Group

*     Glen Dean Limestone
Hardinsburg Sandstone
Haney Limestone
Fraileys Formation
Beech Creek Limestone
Cypress Sandstone
Ridenhower Formation
Bethel Sandstone
Downeys Bluff Limestone
Yankeetown Limestone
Renault Limestone
Aux Vases Sandstone
Ste. Genevieve Limestone

* Golconda Formation
* Paint Creek Formation
* Paoli Formation

Tournaisian|

* Borden Siltstone
* Chouteau Limestone
* Fern Glen Formation
* Meppen Limestone
* New Albany Formation
* Springville Shale

* Borden Siltstone
* Burlington Limestone
* Fort Payne Formation
* Keokuk Limestone
* Salem Limestone
* St. Louis Limestone
* Ullin Limestone
* Warsaw Formation

| Upper|

| Famennian|

* New Albany Shale

|

Frasnian|

* New Albany Shale

Middle|

| Givetian|

* Cedar Valley Limestone
* St. Laurent Formation

|

Eifelian|

* Grand Tower Limestone
* Wapsinicon Limestone
* Detroit River Formation

Muscatatuck Group

*     North Vernon Limestone
Jeffersonville Limestone

Lower|

| Emsian|

New Harmony Group

*     Clear Creek Chert
Clear Creek Formation

|

Pragian|

New Harmony Group

*     Backbone Limestone

Hunton Megagroup

*     Backbone Limestone
Grassy Knob Chert
Bailey Limestone

| Ludlow|

| Ludfordian|

Hunton Megagroup

* Moccasin Springs Formation
* Racine Dolomite

|

Gorstian|

Hunton Megagroup

* Moccasin Springs Formation
* Racine Dolomite

Wenlock|

| Homerian|

* Sugar Run Dolomite

|

Sheinwoodian|

Hunton Megagroup

* Joliet Dolomite
* St. Clair Limestone

* Marcus Dolomite

Llandovery|

| Telychian|

Hunton Megagroup

* Sexton Creek Limestone

* Marcus Dolomite

|

Aeronian|

Hunton Megagroup

* Sexton Creek Limestone

Rhuddanian|

* Bowling Green Dolomite
* Brainard Shale
* Fort Atkinson Limestone
* Neda Formation

* Blanding Dolomite

Hunton Megagroup

* Kankakee Dolomite

* Mosalem Formation
* Sweeney Dolomite
* Tete des Morts Dolomite

| Upper|

| Hirnantian|

* Leemon Formation

|

Sandbian|

* St. Peter Sandstone

* Cape Limestone
* Decorah Formation
* Dubuque Formation
* Dunleith Formation
* Glenwood Formation
* Grand Detour Formation
* Joachim Dolomite
* Kimmswick Limestone
* Maquoketa Formation
* Mifflin Formation
* Nachusa Formation
* Quimbys Mill Formation
* Scales Shale
* Wise Lake Formation

Middle|

| Darriwilian|

* Dutchtown Limestone
* St. Peter Sandstone

|

* Everton Formation
* Pecatonica Formation
* Plattin Limestone

Lower|

| Tremadocian|

* New Richmond Sandstone
* Oneota Dolomite
* Shakopee Dolomite

|

* Bonneterre Formation

Munising Group

* Davis Formation
* Franconia Formation
* Ironton Sandstone
* Galesville Sandstone
* Eau Claire Formation

* Potosi Dolomite
* Derby-Doerun Formation
* Eminence Dolomite
* Jordan Sandstone
* Mt. Simon Sandstone

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Chronostratigraphy of Kansas

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Chronostratigraphy of Minnesota

Ph|

| Cz|

| Q|

* Glacial and post-glacial unconsolidated deposits

|

Mz|

| K|

| Upper|

* Coleraine Formation
* Windrow Formation

* unnamed Upper? Cretaceous formations, western and southeastern Minnesota

|

Pz|

| D|

| Upper|

| Frasnian|

* Lithograph City Formation (in part)

|

Middle|

| Givetian|

* Coralville Formation
* Lithograph City Formation (in part)
* Little Cedar Formation
* Pinicon Ridge Formation

|

Eifelian|

* Spillville Formation

| Upper|

* Cummingsville Formation
* Decorah Shale
* Dubuque Formation
* Glenwood Formation
* Maquoketa Formation
* Platteville Formation
* Prosser Formation
* Red River Formation (subsurface only)
* St. Peter Sandstone (in part)
* Stewartville Formation

* Winnipeg Formation (subsurface only)

|

Middle|

| Darriwilian|

* St. Peter Sandstone (in part)

|

Lower|

| Tremadocian|

* Oneota Dolomite (Prairie du Chien Group)
* Shakopee Formation (Prairie du Chien Group)

|

| Furongian|

* Davis Formation
* Jordan Sandstone
* Lone Rock Formation (Tunnel City Group, former Franconia Formation)
* Mazomanie Formation (Tunnel City Group, former Franconia Formation)
* St. Lawrence Formation
* Wonewoc Sandstone (Galesville Sandstone in part, all Ironton Sandstone)

|

Series 3|

* Bonneterre Formation

* Eau Claire Formation
* Mt. Simon Sandstone

* Wonewoc Sandstone (Galesville Sandstone in part)

pЄ|

| ♇|

| Y|

* Fond du Lac Formation
* Hinckley Sandstone
* North Shore Volcanic Group
* Puckwunge Conglomerate
* Solor Church Formation (subsurface only)

|

* Biwabik Formation

* Gunflint Formation
* Kakabeka Formation
* Mahnoman Formation

* Pokegama Formation
* Rabbit Lake Formation
* Rove Formation
* Sioux Quartzite

* Thomson Formation

* Trommald Formation
* Virginia Formation

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Chronostratigraphy of Missouri

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