Borrego Springs, California

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Census-designated place in California, United States

Borrego Springs, California

Census-designated place

Borrego Springs Palm Canyon Dr looking toward the east, Fonts Point in the distance.

Location in San Diego County and the state of California

Borrego Springs, California

Location in the United States

Coordinates: 33°14′50″N 116°22′19″W﻿ / ﻿33.24722°N 116.37194°W﻿ / 33.24722; -116.37194
Country|  United States
State|  California
County| San Diego
Area

[1]

• Total| 43.41 sq mi (112.42 km2)
• Land| 43.41 sq mi (112.42 km2)
• Water| 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)  0.78%
Elevation

[2]

| 597 ft (182 m)
Population

(2020)

• Total| 3,073
• Density| 70.80/sq mi (27.33/km2)
Time zone| UTC−8 (PST)
• Summer (DST)| UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP code|

92004

Area codes| 442/760
FIPS code| 06-07596
GNIS feature IDs| 1652675, 2407888

Borrego Springs (borrego is Spanish for "sheep") is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Diego County, California. The population was 3,429 at the 2010 census, up from 2,535 at the 2000 census, made up of both seasonal and year-round residents. Borrego Springs is surrounded by Anza-Borrego State Park, California's largest state park.[3]

The village of Borrego Springs is recognized as a designated International Dark Sky Community by the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA).[4] Borrego Springs has no stoplights, and nighttime lighting is kept to a minimum to protect the view of the night sky.[5] Borrego Springs is about 90 miles (140 km) from downtown San Diego. The International Dark-Sky Association designated it as California's first International Dark-Sky Community.[6] It is a center for public astronomy activities throughout the year.[7]

Borrego Springs has pueblo-style, modern architecture and ranch-style house architecture. A local landmark is the traffic roundabout between the airport and downtown, Christmas Circle. The town includes a branch of the San Diego County Library.

## History[edit]

Borrego Springs and the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park embody a rich tapestry of natural and human history. The park's name honors Juan Bautista de Anza, the pioneering Spanish explorer, and the word "borrego," Spanish for "sheep," acknowledging the indigenous bighorn sheep in the area. This nomenclature elegantly captures the essence of the region's wildlife and its exploratory legacy.[8]

During World War II, the significance of Borrego Springs was underscored through the creation of the Borrego Valley Maneuver Area, a vast US Navy training zone. This installation played a pivotal role in military preparedness, highlighting the area's strategic value.[9][10]

Post-war, Borrego Springs underwent significant changes, evolving from a military training ground to a community centered around culture and recreation. The advent of the first power line in 1945 marked the beginning of modern development, further accelerated by the Hobert Resort in 1948, which attracted notable Hollywood figures, symbolizing the town's emerging status as a retreat for the elite.[11]

The 1965 establishment of The Mall by the Di Giorgio Company introduced the first commercial hub to Borrego Springs, indicative of economic expansion and enhanced community life.[12] The town's golfing identity was forged with the inception of Rams Hill Country Club in 1982, featuring a course designed by Tom Fazio, and further solidified by subsequent developments in the golfing landscape.[13]

The narrative of Borrego Springs is incomplete without acknowledging Old Borego, the valley's original settlement. This area, which saw the first homesteaders in the 1910s, has witnessed significant milestones, including the establishment of vital infrastructure and the valley's first public school in 1928. Despite the post office's closure in 1940 and the town center's relocation, Old Borego's legacy endures, embodying the pioneering spirit of its early residents.[14]

Further enriching our understanding of Borrego Springs' history, the work "Borrego Beginnings: Early Days in the Borrego Valley, 1910-1960" by Phil Brigandi offers an in-depth look into the formative years of the valley, shedding light on its early development and community life.[15] Further enriching our understanding of Borrego Springs' history, historical accounts such as those found on San Diego History's website provide valuable insights into the region's past, particularly the naming and early settlement phases.[16]

Today, Borrego Springs stands as a vibrant community, reflecting a rich history that spans exploration, military significance, cultural development, and a strong connection to the natural environment, with Old Borego symbolizing the enduring legacy of its earliest settlers.

## Geography and Ecology[edit]

Nestled within the expansive Sonoran Desert ecoregion, Borrego Springs occupies a central position in the Borrego Valley. This unique location endows the area with a rich tapestry of desert flora and fauna, creating a vibrant ecological community. Among the notable species is the California Fan Palm, Washingtonia filifera, which holds the distinction of being the only palm native to the western United States. Despite being classified as lower risk/near-threatened, this species stands as a symbol of resilience and natural beauty in the desert landscape.[17][18] The landscape's historical tapestry is further enriched by the remnants of an abandoned calcite mine, dating back to World War II, located on the northeast slope of the Santa Rosa Mountains, within the bounds of the state park.

### Borrego Springs Groundwater Subbasin[edit]

The Borrego Springs Groundwater Subbasin, a vital component of the region's hydrological framework, spans an area of roughly 98 square miles (62,776 acres). Its boundaries are naturally demarcated by a confluence of geological features: the west and southwest are defined by the interface of sedimentary deposits and the igneous and metamorphic formations of Pinyon Ridge and the San Ysidro Mountains; the north and east are bordered by the Coyote Creek fault line, with Coyote Mountain and the Borrego Badlands to the east, and the Ocotillo-Clark Valley Groundwater Basin to the southeast, marked by San Felipe Creek. Predominantly under private ownership, the subbasin supports a mosaic of agricultural, residential, and recreational land uses, all under the stewardship of the [Borrego Water District](https://borregowd.org/), which provides essential water and sewer services to the Borrego Valley.

### Climate[edit]

Borrego Springs is characterized by a hot desert climate (BWh under the Köppen climate classification), where temperatures soar, and rainfall is sparse. The climate data reveals a pattern of extreme temperatures, with an average of 176.6 days per year exceeding 90°F, contrasted by a mere 1.4 days annually dropping below freezing. Historical temperature records showcase a high of 122°F in June 1990 and a low of 20°F in January 1971. Precipitation averages at 5.21 inches per year, with variability evident in the historical records — 1983 being the wettest year with 18.28 inches of rain, and 1953 the driest, with only 1.35 inches. The desert occasionally witnesses rare snowfall events, such as the 6.5 inches that blanketed the area in December 1967.[19][20]

## Demographics[edit]

Historical population Census| Pop.| Note| %±

|
|
|

1990| 2,244| | —
2000| 2,535| | 13.0%
2010| 3,429| | 35.3%
2020| 3,073| | −10.4%
source:[21][22]

### 2010[edit]

The 2010 United States Census[23] reported that Borrego Springs had a population of 3,429. The population density was 79.0 inhabitants per square mile (30.5/km2). The racial makeup of Borrego Springs was 2,766 (80.7%) White, 20 (0.6%) African American, 34 (1.0%) Native American, 22 (0.6%) Asian, 5 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 500 (14.6%) from other races, and 82 (2.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,218 persons (35.5%).

The Census reported that 3,429 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 1,571 households, out of which 283 (18.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 828 (52.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 82 (5.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 57 (3.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 85 (5.4%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 13 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 507 households (32.3%) were made up of individuals, and 262 (16.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18. There were 967 families (61.6% of all households); the average family size was 2.76.

The population was spread out, with 592 people (17.3%) under the age of 18, 165 people (4.8%) aged 18 to 24, 477 people (13.9%) aged 25 to 44, 1,044 people (30.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,151 people (33.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 56.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.4 males.

There were 2,611 housing units at an average density of 60.1 per square mile (23.2/km2), of which 1,235 (78.6%) were owner-occupied, and 336 (21.4%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 8.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 12.1%. 2,593 people (75.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 836 people (24.4%) lived in rental housing units.

### 2000[edit]

As of the census[24] of 2000, there were 2,535 people, 1,153 households, and 727 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 59.6 inhabitants per square mile (23.0/km2). There were 2,280 housing units at an average density of 53.6 per square mile (20.7/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 82.8% White, 1.0% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 13.1% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 32.4% of the population.

There were 1,153 households, out of which 19.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.6% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.9% were non-families. 29.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.69.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 18.4% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 21.2% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 29.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $37,045, and the median income for a family was $40,262. Males had a median income of $27,604 versus $26,023 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,761. About 8.0% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.0% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.

## Tourism[edit]

The local economy benefits from tourism, particularly due to the town's rich arts and cultural landscape, and its stunning natural surroundings. Encircled by the vast Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, the largest state park in California and the United States, Borrego Springs is over 600,000 acres (240,000 ha) of desert wilderness.[25][26] The town offers an array of outdoor activities such as golf, photography, yoga, tennis, biking, hiking, and birdwatching.[27]

Borrego Springs is an International Dark Sky Community, committed to the preservation of its pristine night skies, ideal for stargazing.[28]

The town garners attention during the 'super bloom' seasons, when the desert landscape transforms with colorful wildflowers.[29]

## Arts and Culture[edit]

The arts and cultural scene in Borrego Springs significantly enhances its appeal as a tourist destination. The town is home to several notable institutions and events that enrich the local cultural landscape:

### Institutions[edit]

* Borrego Art Institute: A non-profit entity that organizes art exhibitions, classes, and workshops.[30]
* Borrego Springs Community Concert Association: Known for its classical music concerts throughout the season.[31]
* Borrego Springs Performing Arts Center: Offers a diverse lineup of performances, including theater, dance, and music.[32]

### Events[edit]

* Borrego Springs Music Festival: Showcases a variety of musical genres including classical and jazz.[33]
* Annual Plein Air Invitational: A unique event where artists paint the stunning desert landscape en plein air.[34]
* Borrego Days Desert Festival: Celebrates the town's heritage with art displays, live music, and a range of activities.[35]
* Borrego Springs Film Festival: Focuses on independent and international films.[36]
* ArtWalk and Chamber Events: Organized by the Borrego Springs Chamber of Commerce, these events include art walks among others.[37]
* Candlewood Arts Festival: Features a juried art show, live music, and activities for children.[38]
* Circle of Art: An annual competition that highlights desert-themed artwork.[39]
* Peg Leg Smith Liars Contest: A humorous event where participants compete in storytelling.[40]

## Attractions[edit]

### Aerobatics and Aviation[edit]

The skies above Borrego Springs come alive with the daring maneuvers of aerobatic pilots, courtesy of the International Aerobatic Club. Adjacent to the Borrego Valley Airport, this designated practice and competition zone, established in 1976, provides a unique spectacle for aviation enthusiasts. The area is renowned for hosting two major events annually, in April and October, orchestrated by the San Diego Aerobatic Club, where spectators can witness the thrilling artistry of skilled pilots.[41]

### Art and Sculpture[edit]

Galleta Meadows Camel Sculptures by Ricardo Breceda, commissioned by Dennis Avery Borrego Springs, California

Galleta Meadows Estate transforms the desert landscape into an open-air art gallery with over 100 striking metal sculptures by artist Ricardo Breceda. These impressive works range from prehistoric creatures to fantastical beasts, inviting visitors into a world where art and nature intertwine.[42][43]

### Wildflower Blooms[edit]

Borrego Springs Wildflower Bloom off Henderson Canyon Rd.

Borrego Springs is synonymous with its extraordinary wildflower displays within the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park. These blooms, varying in intensity each year, depend on winter rainfall and can create a "superbloom" that draws visitors from afar. The desert is painted with vibrant hues from late February through April, with peak viewing typically in March. Among the myriad of species, the Desert Sunflower, Sand Verbena, Desert Lily, and California Poppy stand out for their beauty and ecological importance, supporting a diverse array of pollinators.[44][45]

### Historical Landmarks[edit]

Borrego Springs is not just a haven for nature and art lovers but also a preserve of rich history. The Palms at Indian Head, on the site of the former Old Hoberg Resort, offers a glimpse into the 1950s when the town served as a secluded getaway for celebrities, retaining its timeless allure.[46] The Borrego Springs Performing Arts Center continues a legacy initiated by Lon Chaney Jr., showcasing a variety of performances that reflect the town's enduring commitment to the arts.[47]

=== Monument to 'Peg Leg' Smith =={

In the heart of Borrego Springs stands a monument dedicated to a figure synonymous with the rugged allure of the American West, Thomas L. Smith, known affectionately as 'Peg Leg' Smith. This 19th-century mountain man and prospector left behind not a legacy of gold, but a rich vein of stories from his desert exploits. These tales, embellished over time, contribute to California's cultural tapestry, celebrating the undying spirit of adventure and the mysteries of the uncharted.[48]

Peg Leg Smith Historical Marker

### Harry Oliver and His Legacy[edit]

Harry Oliver, a renaissance man of the American West, played a pivotal role in immortalizing 'Peg Leg' Smith's fabled adventures. An Academy Award-nominated art director turned humorist and artist, Oliver's passion for storytelling and the desert's mystique culminated in the creation of the 'Peg Leg' Smith monument. Through his seminal work, the "DESERT RAT SCRAP BOOK," and other humorous writings, Oliver preserved the folklore of the desert, leaving a lasting imprint on the cultural landscape of Borrego Springs and the wider American Southwest.[49]

## Borrego Valley Airport[edit]

Main article: Borrego Valley Airport

The Borrego Valley Airport was established in 1947. The airport was developed on approximately 145 acres (59 ha) of land sold by the Burnand family to the County of San Diego. The County owns and operates the facility, contracting with an on-site manager for day-to-day operations.[50]

## Government[edit]

In the California State Legislature, Borrego Springs is in the 32nd Senate District, represented by Republican Kelly Seyarto, and in the 75th Assembly District, represented by Republican Marie Waldron.[51]

In the United States House of Representatives, Borrego Springs is in California's 48th congressional district, represented by Republican Darrell Issa.[52]

## In Popular Culture[edit]

Borrego Springs and the expansive Anza-Borrego Desert State Park have captivated the creative imagination across diverse cultural mediums, from literature to digital platforms and from the silver screen to gripping television dramas. The region's mystique and natural grandeur have provided a dramatic backdrop for various works:

* Dean Koontz's suspense-filled Jane Hawk series draws upon the desolate beauty of Borrego Springs, weaving it into the narrative's fabric.

* The cinematic ventures Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022), particularly the latter featuring Font's Point, underscore the region's cinematic allure.[53]

Beyond the tangible, Borrego Springs is also shrouded in the enigmatic lore of the 'Borrego Triangle'. Coined by David Flora and Derek Hayes in 2019, this term describes an area famed for its paranormal occurrences and cryptic legends, extending from Hemet to the Salton Sea and down to the U.S.-Mexico border. The region's eerie reputation is bolstered by accounts of Sasquatch sightings, spectral apparitions, and unexplained aerial phenomena, adding a layer of intrigue to the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park.[54]

This blend of natural beauty and high strangeness was highlighted in a 1964 edition of Desert Magazine, which recounted a retired U.S. Marine's encounter with inexplicable tracks, heralding a legacy of unexplained phenomena that continues to this day. The documentary "Shadows in the Desert: High Strangeness in the Borrego Triangle" explores these mysteries in depth, with Flora and Hayes providing a compelling narrative that weaves together local lore and expert testimonies.[55]

Moreover, the feature film [56] portrays a young botanist's perilous journey to survival, further cementing the desert's place in the realm of storytelling and imagination.

In a nod to Hollywood's golden era, Frank Morgan, famously known as The Wizard of Oz, called Borrego Springs home and was honored as the town's first honorary mayor in 1948, intertwining the town's cultural fabric with the glitz of early American cinema.[57]

## See also[edit]

* California portal

## References[edit]

1. ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
2. ^ "Borrego Springs". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
3. ^ Jones, J. Harry (November 24, 2018). "Defeat of water bond measure bodes disaster for the desert community of Borrego Springs". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
4. ^ "International Dark Sky Communities". www.darksky.org. International Dark-Sky Association. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
5. ^ "Borrego Springs, California (U.S.)". International Dark-Sky Association. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
6. ^ Anza Borrego Foundation. "The Dark Sky of Borrego Springs". Archived from the original on March 27, 2017. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
7. ^ Dark Sky Coalition. "Welcome to the Borrego Dark Sky Coalition". Retrieved March 27, 2017.
8. ^ David W. Kean, Wide Places in the California Roads: The Encyclopedia of California's Small Towns and the Roads That Lead to Them (Volume 1 of 4: Southern California Counties), p. 27.
9. ^ Borrego Valley Maneuver Area \- militarymuseum.org
10. ^ "Borrego Springs Naval Maneuver Area". Retrieved April 19, 2021.
11. ^ The Palms at Indian Head History
12. ^ Di Giorgio Corporation Company History
13. ^ Legendary Architect & Golf Course Designer
14. ^ Old Borego: The Historic Heart of Borrego Valley
15. ^ Phil Brigandi, Borrego Beginnings: Early Days in the Borrego Valley, 1910-1960 (Borrego Desert Heritage Series).
16. ^ "Borrego's Past". San Diego History.
17. ^ "IUCN Red List entry for Washingtonia filifera". Retrieved October 5, 2009.
18. ^ C. Michael Hogan. 2009. California Fan Palm: Washingtonia filifera, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg. Archived from the original on September 30, 2009.
19. ^ "BORREGO DESERT PARK, CALIFORNIA - Climate Summary". Western Regional Climate Center. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
20. ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Borrego Desert Park, CA". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
21. ^ "CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING (1790-2000)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
22. ^ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
23. ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Borrego Springs CDP". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
24. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
25. ^ "Borrego Springs: An International Dark Sky Community". Go To Borrego Springs.
26. ^ "Anza-Borrego Desert State Park". California State Parks.
27. ^ "Visit Borrego Springs Desert Wildflowers". Go To Borrego Springs.
28. ^ "Borrego Springs Dark Sky Community". International Dark-Sky Association.
29. ^ "Experience Anza-Borrego: Wildflowers". Anza-Borrego Foundation.
30. ^ "Borrego Art Institute".
31. ^ "Borrego Springs Community Concert Association".
32. ^ "Borrego Springs Performing Arts Center".
33. ^ "Borrego Springs Music Festival".
34. ^ "Borrego Art Institute".
35. ^ "Borrego Days Desert Festival".
36. ^ "Borrego Springs Film Festival".
37. ^ "Borrego Springs Chamber of Commerce Events".
38. ^ "Candlewood Arts Festival".
39. ^ "Circle of Art".
40. ^ "Pegleg Smith Liars' Contest 2024: A Unique Storytelling Experience". January 20, 2024.
41. ^ http://www.iac36.org | San Diego Aerobatic Club
42. ^ "Ricardo Breceda Sculptures". www.visitcalifornia.com. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
43. ^ "Metal Sculptures of Borrego Springs, CA - Ricardo Breceda - Page 1 - DesertUSA". www.desertusa.com.
44. ^ "Anza-Borrego Desert State Park". California State Parks.
45. ^ "Wildflowers". Anza-Borrego Foundation.
46. ^ "History of The Palms at Indian Head". The Palms at Indian Head.
47. ^ "About the Borrego Springs Performing Arts Center". BSPAC.
48. ^ PEG LEG SMITH MONUMENT \- ohp.parks.ca.gov
49. ^ HARRY OLIVER BIOGRAPHY \- www.phantomranch.net/
50. ^ "History of County Airports". County of San Diego. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
51. ^ "Final Maps". 2020 California Citizens Redistricting Commission. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
52. ^ "California's 48th Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC.
53. ^ "Filming Locations at Font's Point, Anza-Borrego State Park". IMDb.
54. ^ "What is the Borrego Triangle?". Retrieved March 8, 2023.
55. ^ "Shadows in the Desert: High Strangeness in the Borrego Triangle". Retrieved March 8, 2023.
56. ^ Smith, John (March 7, 2023). ""Borrego" Film Review: A Detailed Look into the Thriller's Desert Mystique". Example Film Review. Retrieved March 9, 2024.
57. ^ \- Frank Morgan Honorary Mayor of Borrego Springs, California

## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Borrego Springs, California.

* Borrego Springs Chamber of Commerce and Visitors Bureau
* Borrego Springs History and Archives

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