Bottle

Narrow-necked container

This article is about the container. For other uses, see Bottle (disambiguation).

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A classic wine bottle Composite body, painted, and glazed bottle. Dated 16th century Iran.

A bottle is a narrow-necked container made of an impermeable material (such as glass, plastic or aluminium) in various shapes and sizes that stores and transports liquids. Its mouth, at the bottling line, can be sealed with an internal stopper, an external bottle cap, a closure, or induction sealing.[1]

## Etymology

[edit]

First attested in 14th century. From the English word bottle derives from an Old French word boteille, from vulgar Latin butticula, from late Latin buttis ("cask"), a latinisation of the Greek βοῦττις (bouttis) ("vessel").[2][3]

## Types

[edit]

### Glass

[edit]

Main article: Glass bottle

#### Wine

[edit]

Main article: Wine bottle

The glass bottle represented an important development in the history of wine, because, when combined with a high-quality stopper such as a cork, it allowed long-term aging of wine. Glass has all the qualities required for long-term storage. It eventually gave rise to "château bottling", the practice where an estate's wine is put in a bottle at the source, rather than by a merchant. Prior to this, wine used to be sold by the barrel (and before that, the amphora) and put into bottles only at the merchant's shop, if at all. This left large and often abused opportunities for fraud and adulteration, as consumers had to trust the merchant as to the contents. It is thought that most wine consumed outside of wine-producing regions had been tampered with in some way. Also, not all merchants were careful to avoid oxidation or contamination while bottling, leading to large bottle variation. Particularly in the case of port, certain conscientious merchants' bottling of old ports fetch higher prices even today. To avoid these problems, most fine wine is bottled at the place of production (including all port, since 1974).

There are many sizes and shapes of bottles used for wine. Some of the known shapes:

* "Bordeaux": This bottle is roughly straight sided with a curved "shoulder" that is useful for catching sediment and is also the easiest to stack. Traditionally used in Bordeaux but now worldwide, this is probably the most common type.
* "Burgundy": Traditionally used in Burgundy, this has sides that taper down about 2/3 of the height to a short cylindrical section, and does not have a shoulder.
* "Champagne": Traditionally used for Champagne, it is similar to a Burgundy bottle, but with a wider base and heavier construction to withstand the pressure from the carbonation of the sparkling wine.

#### Codd-neck

[edit]

Main article: Codd-neck bottle

Codd-neck bottle

In 1872, British soft drink makers Hiram Codd of Camberwell, London, designed and patented a bottle designed specifically for carbonated drinks. The Codd-neck bottle was designed and manufactured to enclose a marble and a rubber washer/gasket in the neck. The bottles were filled upside down, and pressure of the gas in the bottle forced the marble against the washer, sealing in the carbonation. The bottle was pinched into a special shape, as can be seen in the photo to the left, to provide a chamber into which the marble was pushed to open the bottle. This prevented the marble from blocking the neck as the drink was poured.

Soon after its introduction, the bottle became extremely popular with the soft drink and brewing industries, mainly in Europe, Asia and Australasia, though some alcohol drinkers disdained the use of the bottle. One etymology of the term codswallop originates from beer sold in Codd bottles, though this is generally dismissed as a folk etymology.[4]

The bottles were regularly produced for many decades, but gradually declined in usage. Since children smashed the bottles to retrieve the marbles, they are relatively scarce and have become collector items; particularly in the UK. A cobalt-coloured Codd bottle today fetches hundreds of British pounds at auction. The Codd-neck design is still used for the Japanese soft drink Ramune and in the Indian drink called Banta.[5]

### Plastic

[edit]

Main article: Plastic bottle

This section needs expansion. You can help by making an edit requestadding to it . (October 2015)

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The plastic is strain oriented in the stretch blow molding manufacturing process. Plastic bottles are typically used to store liquids such as water, soft drinks, motor oil, cooking oil, medicine, shampoo, milk, and ink. The size ranges from very small sample bottles to very large carboys. The main advantages of plastic bottles over glass are their superior resistance to breakage, in both production and transportation, as well as their light weight and low cost of production. Disadvantages include widespread plastic pollution.

### Aluminium

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Main article: Aluminium bottle

An aluminium bottle is a bottle made of aluminium (or aluminum, outside of British English). In some countries, it is also called a "bottlecan". It usually holds beer, soft drinks or wine.

### Hot water

[edit]

Main article: Hot water bottle

A hot water bottle is a bottle filled with hot water used to provide warmth. It can be made from various materials, most commonly rubber, but has historically been made from harder materials such as metal, glass, earthenware, or wood.

## Gallery

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* A PET bottle

* Stone ware jar for carrying water

* A bioplastic shampoo bottle made of PLA-blend bio-flex

* A contemporary metal bottle (Sigg)

* Chinese ding-ware porcelain bottle with iron-tinted pigment under a transparent colorless glaze, 11th century, Song dynasty

* Normflasche bottle

* Reusable glass milk bottle

* Pontiled soda or beer "blobtop" bottle, circa 1855

* Bocksbeutel bottle

* Two bottles for Maas wine, called "thieves", 18th century

* A bottle wall

* Blue glass bottle, 18th–19th-century Iran

* 1940s Chianti fiasco

* Aluminium spray bottle

* Empty beer bottles of different colors

* Two modern hot water bottles shown with their stoppers

* Plastic bottle of milk. One US gallon

## Miscellany

[edit]

Bottles are often recycled according to the SPI recycling code for the material.

## See also

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* Beer bottle
* Bottle sling
* Bottle wall
* Bottling company
* Bottling (concert abuse)
* Butylka \- The largest building in the world in the shape of a bottle
* Carinate
* Glass production
* Helmholtz resonance
* Klein bottle
* List of bottle types, brands and companies
* List of bottling companies
* Reuse of bottles
* Speyer wine bottle

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Soroka, W (2008). Glossary of Packaging Terminology. IoPP. p. 21\. ISBN 978-1-930268-27-2.
2. ^ Bottle, Online Etymology Dictionary
3. ^ βοῦττις, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
4. ^ "UK word origins". Archived from the original on 2008-09-13. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
5. ^ Pisharoty, Sangeeta Barooah (19 April 2013). "Banter about Banta". The Hindu. Retrieved 27 May 2018.

## References

[edit]

* Soroka, W, "Fundamentals of Packaging Technology", IoPP, 2002, ISBN 1-930268-25-4
* Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009, ISBN 978-0-470-08704-6

## External links

[edit]

* Media related to Bottles at Wikimedia Commons

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Laboratory equipment

General

* Heaters
* Dryers

* Alcohol burner
* Bunsen burner
* Desiccator
* Heating mantle
* Hot plate
* Lab oven
* Kiln
* Meker–Fisher burner
* Striker
* Teclu burner
* Water bath
* Vacuum dry box

|

* Mixers
* Shakers

* Chemostat
* Homogenizer
* Liquid whistle
* Magnetic stirrer
* Mortar and pestle
* Shaker
* Sonicator
* Static mixer
* Stirring rod
* Vortex mixer
* Wash bottle

* Stands
* Clamps

* Holders

* Beaker clamp
* Clamp holder
* Tripod
* Burette clamp
* Extension clamp
* Flask clamp
* Funnel support
* Iron ring
* Pinch clamp
* Retort stand
* Screw clamp
* Test tube holder
* Test tube rack
* Wire gauze
* Lab drying rack

* Containers

* Storage

* Agar plate
* Cryogenic storage dewar
* Incubator
* Laminar flow cabinet
* Microtiter plate
* Petri dish
* Picotiter plate
* Refrigerator
* Weighing boat
* Weighing dish

Other items|

* Aspirator
* Autoclave
* Balance brush
* Cork borer
* Crucible
* Filter paper
* File
* Forceps
* Centrifuge
* Microscope
* Pipeclay triangle
* Spectrophotometer
* Splint
* Stopper
* Scoopula
* Spatula
* Test tube brush
* Wire brush
* Inoculation needle
* Inoculation loop

Glassware

| Apparatus|

* Dean–Stark
* Soxhlet extractor
* Kipp's

|

Bottles|

* Boston round

Condensers|

* Cold finger
* Liebig

Dishes|

* Evaporating
* Petri
* Syracuse
* Watch glass

Flasks|

* Büchner
* Vacuum (Dewar)
* Erlenmeyer
* Fernbach
* Fleaker
* Florence
* Retort
* Round-bottom
* Schlenk
* Volumetric

Funnels|

* Büchner
* Hirsch
* Dropping
* Separatory

Measuring devices|

* Burette
* Conical measure
* Cuvette
* Eye dropper
* Eudiometer
* Graduated cylinder
* Ostwald viscometer
* Pipette

Tubes|

* Drying
* Cragie
* Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
* Test
* Thiele
* Thistle

Other items|

* Beaker
* Bell jar
* Gas syringe
* Vial

Analytical chemistry

| Compositional|

* AutoAnalyzer
* CHN analyzer
* Colorimeter
* Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) device
* Gas chromatograph (GC)
* Liquid chromatograph (LC)
* Mass spectrometer (MS)
* pH indicator
* pH meter

|

Microscopy|

* Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
* Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Thermochemistry|

* Calorimeter
* differential scanning
* Melting-point apparatus
* Thermometer
* Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA)

Other items|

* Analytical balance
* Colony counter
* Spiral plater
* Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument
* Plate reader

Electronics

| Control devices|

* Bench power supply
* Current source
* Voltage source
* Function generator
* Galvanostat
* Pulse generator
* Potentiostat

|

Measurement|

* Ammeter
* Logic analyzer
* Multimeter
* Network analyzer
* Oscilloscope
* Spectrum analyzer
* Time-domain reflectometer
* Transistor tester
* Voltmeter

Tools|

* Heat gun
* Soldering iron
* Tweezers
* Wire stripper

General|

* Alligator clip
* Test probe

Safety

Personal protective
equipment (PPE)

* Lab coat
* Face shield
* Respirator
* Rubber apron
* Safety shower

Eye and hand|

* Acid-resistant gloves
* Eyewash station
* Glove box
* Medical gloves
* Nitrile gloves
* Safety glasses
* Safety goggles

Other items|

* Biosafety cabinet
* Fire blanket
* Fire extinguisher
* Fume hood
* Safety cabinet
* Solvent cabinet

Instruments used in medical laboratories

* v
* t
* e

Packaging

General
topics|

* Active packaging
* Child-resistant packaging
* Contract packager
* Edible packaging
* Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging
* Overpackaging
* Package delivery
* Package pilferage
* Package testing
* Package theft
* Packaging engineering
* Resealable packaging
* Reusable packaging
* Reuse of bottles
* Shelf life
* Shelf-ready packaging
* Shelf-stable
* Sustainable packaging
* Tamper-evident
* Tamper resistance
* Wrap rage

Product
packages|

* Alternative wine closure
* Ammunition box
* Banana box
* Beer bottle
* Box wine
* Case-ready meat
* Coffee bag
* Cosmetic packaging
* Currency packaging
* Disposable food packaging
* Drink can
* Egg carton
* Evidence packaging
* Field ration
* Flour sack
* Foam food container
* Food packaging
* Fuel container
* Gas cylinder
* Glass milk bottle
* Growler
* Juicebox
* Low plastic water bottle
* Luxury packaging
* Milk bag
* Optical disc packaging
* Oyster pail
* Popcorn bag
* Pharmaceutical packaging
* Pizza box
* Plastic milk container
* Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags
* Sand bag
* Seasonal packaging
* Self-heating food packaging
* Screw cap (wine)
* Single-serve coffee container
* Spray paint
* Toothpaste pump dispenser
* Unit dose
* Water bottle
* Wine bottle

Containers|

* Aerosol spray dispenser
* Aluminium bottle
* Aluminum can
* Ampoule
* Antistatic bag
* Bag-in-box
* Bag
* Barrel
* Biodegradable bag
* Blister pack
* Boil-in-bag
* Bottle
* Box
* Bulk box
* Cage
* Case
* Carboy
* Carton
* Chub
* Clamshell
* Corrugated box design
* Crate
* Disposable cup
* Drum
* Endcap
* Envelope
* Euro container
* Flexible intermediate bulk container
* Flexible tank
* Folding carton
* Glass bottle
* Gunny sack
* Inhaler
* Insulated shipping container
* Intermediate bulk container
* Jar
* Jerrycan
* Jug
* Keg
* Mesh bag
* Multilayered packaging
* Multi-pack
* Packet (container)
* Padded envelope
* Pail
* Paper bag
* Paper sack
* Plastic bag
* Plastic bottle
* Retort pouch
* Salvage drum
* Sachet
* Water sachet
* Security bag
* Shipping container
* Shipping tube
* Skin pack
* Spray bottle
* Squround
* Stand-up pouch
* Steel and tin cans
* Tetra Brik
* Thermal bag
* Tub (container)
* Tube
* Unit load
* Vial
* Wooden box

Materials
and
components|

* Adhesive
* Aluminium foil
* Bail handle
* Bioplastic
* Biodegradable plastic
* BoPET
* Bubble wrap
* Bung
* Cellophane
* Closure
* Coated paper
* Coating
* Coextrusion
* Container glass
* Corrugated fiberboard
* Corrugated plastic
* Cushioning
* Desiccant
* Double seam
* Flip-top
* Foam peanut
* Gel pack
* Hot-melt adhesive
* Humidity indicator card
* Kraft paper
* Label
* Lid
* Linear low-density polyethylene
* Liquid packaging board
* Living hinge
* Low-density polyethylene
* Meat absorbent pad
* Metallised film
* Modified atmosphere
* Molded pulp
* Nonwoven fabric
* Overwrap
* Oxygen scavenger
* Package handle
* Packaging gas
* Pallet
* Paper
* Paper pallet
* Paperboard
* Plastic-coated paper
* Plastic film
* Plastic pallet
* Plastic wrap
* Polyester
* Polyethylene
* Polypropylene
* Pressure-sensitive tape
* Pump dispenser
* Screw cap
* Screw cap (wine)
* Security printing
* Security tape
* Shock detector
* Shock and vibration data logger
* Shrink wrap
* Slip sheet
* Staple (fastener)
* Strapping
* Stretch wrap
* Susceptor
* Tamper-evident band
* Tear tape
* Temperature data logger
* Time temperature indicator
* Tinplate
* Velostat

Processes|

* Aseptic processing
* Authentication
* Automatic identification and data capture
* Blow fill seal
* Blow molding
* Calendering
* Canning
* Coating
* Containerization
* Converting
* Corona treatment
* Curtain coating
* Die cutting
* Die forming (plastics)
* Electronic article surveillance
* Extrusion
* Extrusion coating
* Flame treatment
* Glass production
* Graphic design
* Hazard analysis and critical control points
* Hermetic seal
* Induction sealing
* Injection moulding
* Lamination
* Laser cutting
* Molding
* Package tracking
* Papermaking
* Plastic extrusion
* Plastic welding
* Printing
* Product development
* Production control
* Quality assurance
* Radio-frequency identification
* Roll slitting
* Shearing (manufacturing)
* Thermoforming
* Track and trace
* Ultrasonic welding
* Vacuum forming
* Vacuum packaging
* Verification and validation

Machinery|

* Barcode printer
* Barcode reader
* Bottling line
* Calender
* Can seamer
* Cap torque tester
* Cartoning machine
* Case sealer
* Check weigher
* Conveyor system
* Drum pump
* Extended core stretch wrapper
* Filler
* Heat gun
* Heat sealer
* Industrial robot
* Injection molding machine
* Label printer applicator
* Lineshaft roller conveyor
* Logistics automation
* Material-handling equipment
* Mechanical brake stretch wrapper
* Multihead weigher
* Orbital stretch wrapper
* Packaging machinery
* Pallet inverter
* Palletizer
* Rotary wheel blow molding systems
* Seed-counting machine
* Shrink tunnel
* Staple gun
* Tape dispenser
* Turntable stretch wrapper
* Vertical form fill sealing machine

Environment,
post-use|

* Biodegradation
* Can collecting
* Closed-loop box reuse
* Environmental engineering
* Extended producer responsibility
* Glass recycling
* Industrial ecology
* Life-cycle assessment
* Litter
* Packaging waste
* Paper recycling
* PET bottle recycling
* Plastic recycling
* Recycling
* Reusable packaging
* Reverse logistics
* Source reduction
* Sustainable packaging
* Waste management

Category: Packaging

Authority control databases

International|

* FAST

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Czech Republic
* Israel

Other|

* NARA
* Yale LUX

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