Bottle Rack

1914 Readymade artwork by Marcel Duchamp

A 1959 replica of the work, on display at the Art Institute of Chicago

The Bottle Rack (also called Bottle Dryer or Hedgehog) (Egouttoir or Porte-bouteilles or Hérisson) is a proto-Dada artwork created in 1914 by Marcel Duchamp. He labeled the piece a "readymade", a term he used to describe his collection of ordinary, manufactured objects[1] not commonly associated with art. The readymades did not have the serious tone of European Dada works, which criticized the violence of World War I, and instead focused on a more nonsensical nature, chosen purely on the basis of a "visual indifference".[2]

The Art Institute of Chicago purchased one of the replicas of Bottle Rack in 2018.[3][4]

## Origin

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Duchamp claimed to have bought the Bottle Rack at a department store called Bazar de l'Hôtel de Ville near the Paris city hall.[5] The Bottle Rack was a typical, metal rack used for the drying of bottles, but the spiky, aggressive appearance of the piece earned it the name of Hedgehog. Unlike the earlier Bicycle Wheel (1913) or Pharmacy (1913), the Bottle Rack was not modified in any way, making it the first, "true" example of a readymade.[6] The Bottle Rack also had an inscription scribbled on its side, much like the R. Mutt of Duchamp's Fountain (1917) piece, though the actual words remain a mystery as Duchamp had forgotten the inscription by the time it had been thrown out.[2]

## Legacy

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The original piece was mistaken as rubbish due to its appearance; it was thrown out by Duchamp's sister and stepsister after the artist left France in 1914 for the US.[2] While the original no longer survives, the legacy of the work lives on, with at least seven replicas,[7] held in museums including the Philadelphia Museum of Art,[8] the Norton Simon Museum, and the Moderna Museet.

Without any actual modifications by the artist, the Bottle Rack is Duchamp's first, "true" readymade. While Duchamp asserted that his readymades were done without any specific reason, art critics contend that the piece has sexual undertones of a Freudian nature. Critics suggest that the metal spikes represent the male genitalia, and that the absence of bottles is a reference to Duchamp being a bachelor at the time, a theme they claim is repeatedly conveyed throughout his works.[5]

## See also

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* List of works by Marcel Duchamp
* Surrealism
* Found object
* Modernism

## Notes and references

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1. ^ "The Collection | MoMA". The Museum of Modern Art.
2. ^ a b c Cabanne, Pierre (1987). Dialogues with Marcel Duchamp. New York, N.Y.: Da Capo Press. pp. 47–48\. ISBN 0-306-80303-8.
3. ^ Russeth, Andrew (February 13, 2018). "Robert Rauschenberg's Rare Duchamp Readymade Goes to Art Institute of Chicago". ARTnews. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
4. ^ Johnson, Steve (February 13, 2018). "Art Institute Wins Global Competition for Modern Masterpiece – a Multimillion Dollar Bottle Rack". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
5. ^ a b "Binghamton University Art Department of Art History: Duchamp". Archived from the original on 2008-01-27. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
6. ^ Cork, Richard (2004-12-03). "How Duchamp Made a Splash (and changed art forever)". London: BNET. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved 2010-02-08.
7. ^ "Bottle Rack". www.toutfait.com.
8. ^ "Philadelphia Museum of Art: Collection". Retrieved 2008-02-25.

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Marcel Duchamp

Artworks|

* List of works by Marcel Duchamp
* Portrait of Dr. Dumouchel (1910)
* The Bush (1910–11)
* Yvonne and Magdeleine Torn in Tatters (1911)
* Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (1912)
* Bicycle Wheel (1913)
* Bottle Rack (1914)
* In Advance of the Broken Arm (1915)
* The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (1915–1923)
* Apolinère Enameled (c. 1916)
* Tulip Hysteria Co-ordinating (1917)
* Fountain (1917)
* L.H.O.O.Q. (1919)
* Belle Haleine, Eau de Voilette (1920–21)
* Why Not Sneeze, Rose Sélavy? (1921)
* Monte Carlo Bonds (1924)
* La Boîte-en-valise (1934–1966)
* Étant donnés (1946–1966)

Films|

* Anemic Cinema (1926)
* 8 × 8: A Chess Sonata in 8 Movements (1957)

Related|

* Readymades of Marcel Duchamp
* Anti-art
* Dada
* New York Dada
* The Blind Man
* Fountain Archive
* Portrait of Marcel Duchamp
* Alexina Duchamp (wife)
* Jacques Villon (brother)
* Raymond Duchamp-Villon (brother)
* Suzanne Duchamp (sister)
* Marcel Duchamp Prize

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