Breast Cancer Awareness Month

Annual health campaign

Mbabane: Swazi people joined the "Brave the Breast" annual event in aid of the Eswatini Breast Cancer Network, 2016.

Breast Cancer Awareness Month (BCAM), also referred to in the United States as National Breast Cancer Awareness Month (NBCAM), is an annual international health campaign organized by major breast cancer charities every October to increase awareness of the disease and raise funds for research into its cause, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure.

Observances of the event have faced criticism for corporate involvement by drug companies, as well as instances of pinkwashing associated with the events.[1]

## History

[edit]

White House illuminated pink in honor of National Breast Cancer Awareness Month in 2017

NBCAM was founded in 1985 in partnership between the American Cancer Society and the pharmaceutical division of Imperial Chemical Industries (now part of AstraZeneca, producer of several anti-breast cancer drugs). The aim of the NBCAM from the start has been to promote mammography as the most effective weapon in the fight against breast cancer.[2]

In 1993 Evelyn Lauder, Senior Corporate Vice President of the Estée Lauder Companies, founded the Breast Cancer Research Foundation and established the pink ribbon as its symbol, though this was not the first time the ribbon was used to symbolize breast cancer:[3] A 68-year-old California woman named Charlotte Haley, whose sister, daughter, and granddaughter had breast cancer, had distributed peach-color ribbons to call attention to what she perceived as inadequate funding for research.[4] In the fall of 1991, the Susan G. Komen Foundation handed out pink ribbons to participants in its New York City race for breast cancer survivors.[5]

In 2010, Delta Air Lines painted N845MH, a Boeing 767-432ER in "Breast Cancer Research Foundation" special colors. In September 2015, a newer version of the livery was repainted on the same plane.

## Activities and events

[edit]

10 Downing Street lit up in pink on October 25, 2011, for National Breast Cancer Awareness Month Aerial view of Palácio do Planalto, the official workplace of the President of Brazil, lit up in pink on October 1, 2014

A variety of events around the world are organized, mostly in October, including walks, runs, and the pink illumination of landmark buildings.

### Australia

[edit]

The Roy Hill Railway in Western Australia paints its locomotives and other equipment in bright pink.[6]

### Pakistan

[edit]

The Pakistani branch of Leisure Leagues organized the 2020 Leisure Leagues Women Football's Pink Cup 2020, held in Karachi with eight women's teams playing and won by Diya W.F.C.[7]

### United States

[edit]

In the United States, the National Football League promotes breast cancer awareness by incorporating pink on and off the field, and comic strip artists use pink on one day in October.[8]

There are various walks to raise money for breast cancer programs. Coincidentally, two years before the first NBCAM was founded, the first Komen Race for the Cure was held in October 1983.[9] It is now a year-round event.

## Male breast cancer

[edit]

Male breast cancer, which is rare, is generally overlooked. In 2009 the male breast cancer advocacy groups Out of the Shadow of Pink, A Man's Pink, and the Brandon Greening Foundation for Breast Cancer in Men joined to globally establish the third week of October as "Male Breast Cancer Awareness Week".[10]

## Criticisms

[edit]

Villanova Wildcats field hockey players wearing pink socks in October 2016 National Football League players wearing pink accessories in October 2016

Inspiration for the foundation of NBCAM came from Zeneca Inc. in 1989 when they began a breast cancer screening program within their company. In 1996, with the screening program and study complete, Zeneca Inc. analyzed the total monetary amounts lost due to the increase in health care provided compared with the total monetary amounts lost if the company was to scrap the program were compared. The total costs to the company of running the early detection program were estimated to be $400,000. Total costs to the company if they chose not to run the program were estimated to be around $1.5 million.[11]

Pezzullo (2003) "(Astra)Zeneca’s initial justification for NBCAM was one of basic accounting, not a critique of how women’s healthcare has been assessed or implemented nor a desire to prevent women from developing breast cancer; instead, it was cost-effective for a company to detect cancer in its employees during the disease’s earlier stages."

Critics have said that "the BCAM idea 'was conceived and paid for by a British chemical company that both profits from this epidemic and may be contributing to its cause...'".[12]

Sometimes referred to as National Breast Cancer Industry Month, critics of NBCAM point to a conflict of interest between corporations sponsoring breast cancer awareness while profiting from diagnosis and treatment. The breast cancer advocacy organization, Breast Cancer Action, has said repeatedly in newsletters and other information sources that October has become a public relations campaign that avoids discussion of the causes and prevention of breast cancer and instead focuses on "awareness" as a way to encourage women to get their mammograms. The term pinkwashing has been used by Breast Cancer Action to describe the actions of companies that manufacture and use chemicals that show a link with breast cancer and at the same time publicly support charities focused on curing the disease.[13] Other criticisms center on the marketing of "pink products" and tie-ins, citing that more money is spent marketing these campaigns than is donated to the cause.[14] According to the New York Times in October 2015, fine print disclaimers on pink products sold by Dick's Sporting Goods reveal that in some instances, no money at all is donated to breast cancer research.[4] Other companies cap the amount they give to research during each October's "pink" campaign but do not tell consumers when that cap has been reached.[4]

## Observances

[edit]

In 1985, "National Breast Cancer Awareness Month" (NBCAM) was created as a collaborative effort between the American Academy of Family Physicians, AstraZeneca Healthcare Foundation, CancerCare, Inc., and a variety of other sponsors to raise awareness and gain funding for research for a cure."[15]

## See also

[edit]

* List of health-related charity fundraisers
* No Bra Day
* Pink Bridge
* Pink Hijab Day
* Pink ribbon

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Breast Cancer Awareness Month 2022". www.breastcancer.org. Retrieved 2022-12-03.
2. ^ "About Us". National Breast Cancer Awareness Month. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16.
3. ^ "Estée Lauder Official Site". Esteelauder.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-26. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
4. ^ a b c Kolata, Gina (October 30, 2015). "A Growing Disenchantment With October 'Pinkification'". The New York Times. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
5. ^ "History of the Pink Ribbon". Think Before You Pink. Archived from the original on 2016-03-30. Retrieved 2015-10-15.
6. ^ Swanson, Carl. "Pretty in pink". Trains. Vol. 84, no. February 2024. Kalmbach Media. pp. 12–13.
7. ^ "Diya FC crowned Leisure Leagues Women Football's PINK CUP 2020 Champions!". Khilari. 2020-10-27. Retrieved 2021-01-01.
8. ^ "Comic strips go pink for breast-cancer awareness". Richmond Times-Dispatch. 2010-10-10. Archived from the original on 2010-11-08. Retrieved 2010-10-12.
9. ^ Susan G. Komen Race for the Cure Archived 2007-10-11 at the Wayback Machine Susan G. Komen for the Cure website. Retrieved November 9, 2007.
10. ^ "Male Breast Cancer Awareness Week". Retrieved 2009-10-01.
11. ^ Pezzullo, Phaedra (November 2003). "Resisting "National Breast Cancer Awareness Month": The Rhetoric of Counterpublics and their Cultural Performances". Quarterly Journal of Speech. 89 (4): 345–365\. doi:10.1080/0033563032000160981. S2CID 143691192.
12. ^ Janette D. Sherman, M.D.(New York and London: Taylor and Francis, 2000). ISBN 1-56032-870-3. Life's Delicate Balance THE CANCER MOVEMENT: Independent, Sold-Out, or Bought Up?  .
13. ^ Focus on Pinkwashers Archived 2007-10-13 at the Wayback Machine, Breast Cancer Action's think before you pink campaign site. Retrieved November 9, 2007.
14. ^ Who's Really Cleaning Up Here Archived 2007-07-09 at the Wayback Machine Breast Cancer Action's think before you pink campaign site. Retrieved November 9, 2007.
15. ^ "October is National Breast Cancer Awareness Month". www.apa.org. Archived from the original on 2010-12-12.

## External links

[edit]

* US National Breast Cancer Awareness Month website
* Welcome to Cancerland, an essay by journalist and breast cancer survivor Barbara Ehrenreich on the culture and marketing of breast cancer

* v
* t
* e

Holidays, observances, and celebrations in the United States

January|

* New Year's Day (federal)
* Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr. (federal)

* Birthday of Eugenio María de Hostos (PR)
* Confederate Heroes Day (TX)
* Eve of Three Kings' Day (PR, religious)
* Feast of Epiphany / Feast of Theophany (religious)
* Fred Korematsu Day (AZ, CA, FL, HI, VA)
* Idaho Human Rights Day (ID)
* Inauguration Day (federal quadrennial)
* Kansas Day (KS)
* Makar Sankranti / Pongal (religious)
* Robert E. Lee Day (FL)
* Stephen Foster Memorial Day (36)
* The Eighth (LA)
* Three Kings' Day (PR, VI, religious)
* World Religion Day (religious)

January–February|

* Chinese New Year / Lunar New Year (NY, cultural, religious)
* Super Bowl Sunday
* Vasant Panchami (religious)

February
American Heart Month
Black History Month|

* Washington's Birthday (federal)
* Valentine's Day

* Birthday of Luis Muñoz Marín (PR)
* Candlemas (religious)
* Charles Darwin Day / Darwin Day (CA, DE)
* Day of Remembrance (CA, OR, WA, cultural)
* Georgia Day (GA)
* Groundhog Day
* Imbolc (religious)
* Lincoln's Birthday (CA, CT, IL, IN, MO, NY, WV)
* National Girls and Women in Sports Day
* National Freedom Day (36)
* Nirvana Day (religious)
* Presentation of Our Lord to the Temple (religious)
* Promised Reformer Day (religious)
* Ronald Reagan Day (CA)
* Rosa Parks Day (CA, MO)
* Saviours' Day (religious)
* Susan B. Anthony Day (CA, FL, NY, WI, WV, proposed federal)
* Tu B’shvat (religious)

February–March|

* Mardi Gras

* Ash Wednesday (PR, religious)
* Carnival (PR, VI, religious)
* Clean Monday (religious)
* Courir de Mardi Gras (religious)
* Intercalary Days (religious)
* Mahashivaratri (religious)
* Purim (religious)
* Shrove Tuesday (religious)
* Super Tuesday

March
Irish-American Heritage Month
Colon Cancer Awareness Month
Women's History Month|

* Saint Patrick's Day (religious)
* Spring break (week)

* Annunciation of the Virgin Mary / Annunciation of the Theotokos (religious)
* Casimir Pulaski Day (IL)
* Cesar Chavez Day (CA, CO, TX, proposed federal)
* Emancipation Day in Puerto Rico (PR, cultural)
* Evacuation Day (Suffolk County, MA)
* Harriet Tubman Day (NY)
* Hola Mohalla (religious)
* Holi (NY, religious)
* L. Ron Hubbard's Birthday (religious)
* Lailat al-Mi'raj (religious)
* Liberation and Freedom Day (Charlottesville, VA, cultural)
* Mardi Gras (AL (in two counties), LA)
* Maryland Day (MD)
* Medal of Honor Day
* National Poison Prevention Week (week)
* Nowruz (cultural, religious)
* Ostara (religious)
* Pi Day
* Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole Day (HI)
* Promised Messiah Day (religious)
* Saint Joseph's Day (religious)
* Seward's Day (AK)
* Texas Independence Day (TX)
* Town Meeting Day (VT)
* Transfer Day (VI)
* U.S. Hostage and Wrongful Detainee Day (36)
* Trans Day of Visibility (cultural)

March–April|

* Easter (religious)

* Good Friday (CT, NC, PR, NJ, VI, religious)
* Hanuman Jayanti (religious)
* Holy Thursday (PR, VI, religious)
* Holy Week (PR, religious, week)
* Lazarus Saturday (religious)
* Mahavir Janma Kalyanak (religious)
* Mesha Sankranti / Hindu New Year (religious)
* Palm Sunday (PR, religious)
* Passover (religious, week)
* Easter Monday / Bright Monday (VI, religious)
* Ramnavami (religious)
* Chandramana Uugadi / Souramana Uugadi (religious)

April
Arab American Heritage Month
Confederate History Month|

* 420
* April Fools' Day
* Arbor Day
* Birthday of José de Diego (PR)
* Confederate Memorial Day (AL, MS)
* Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust (week)
* DNA Day
* Earth Day
* Emancipation Day (cultural)
* Thomas Jefferson's Birthday (AL)
* Lag B’Omer (religious)
* Last Friday of Great Lent (religious)
* Pascua Florida (FL)
* Patriots' Day (MA, ME)
* Ridván (religious)
* San Jacinto Day (TX)
* Siblings Day
* Walpurgis Night (religious)
* Yom Ha'atzmaut (cultural, religious)

May
Asian American and
Pacific Islander Heritage Month
Jewish American Heritage Month
Military Appreciation Month

* Memorial Day (federal)
* Mother's Day (36)
* Cinco de Mayo

* Ascension of Baháʼu'lláh (religious)
* Ascension of Our Lord (religious)
* Caliphate Day (religious)
* Declaration of the Bab (religious)
* Harvey Milk Day (CA)
* International Workers' Day / May Day (CA, unofficial, proposed state)
* Law Day (36)
* Loyalty Day (36)
* Malcolm X Day (CA, IL, proposed federal)
* Military Spouse Day
* National Day of Prayer (36)
* National Day of Reason
* National Defense Transportation Day (36)
* National Maritime Day (36)
* Peace Officers Memorial Day (36)
* Pentecost (religious)
* Shavuot (religious)
* Truman Day (MO)
* Vesak / Buddha's Birthday (religious)

June
Pride Month|

* Juneteenth (federal, cultural)
* Father's Day (36)

* Bunker Hill Day (Suffolk County, MA)
* Carolina Day (SC)
* Don Young Day (AK)
* Fast of the Holy Apostles (religious)
* Flag Day (36, proposed federal)
* Helen Keller Day (PA)
* Honor America Days (3 weeks)
* Jefferson Davis Day (AL, FL)
* Kamehameha Day (HI)
* Litha (religious)
* Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev Sahib (religious)
* Odunde Festival (Philadelphia, PA, cultural)
* Senior Week (week)
* Saint John's Day (PR, religious)
* West Virginia Day (WV)

July|

* Independence Day (federal)

* Asalha Puja Day (religious)
* Birthday of Don Luis Muñoz Rivera (PR)
* Birthday of Dr. José Celso Barbosa (PR)
* Emancipation Day in the U.S. Virgin Islands (VI, cultural)
* Guru Purnima (religious)
* Khordad Sal (religious)
* Lā Hoʻihoʻi Ea (HI, unofficial, cultural)
* Martyrdom of the Báb (religious)
* Parents' Day (36)
* Pioneer Day (UT)
* Puerto Rico Constitution Day (PR)

July–August|

* Summer vacation
* Tisha B'Av (religious)

August|

* American Family Day (AZ)
* Barack Obama Day in Illinois (IL)
* Bennington Battle Day (VT)
* Dormition of the Theotokos (religious)
* Eid-e-Ghadeer (religious)
* Fast in Honor of the Holy Mother of Lord Jesus (religious)
* Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (religious)
* Hawaii Admission Day / Statehood Day (HI)
* Krishna Janmashtami (religious)
* Lammas (religious)
* Lyndon Baines Johnson Day (TX)
* Naga Panchami (religious)
* National Aviation Day (36)
* Paryushana (religious)
* Raksha Bandhan (religious)
* Transfiguration of the Lord (religious)
* Victory Day (RI)
* Women's Equality Day (36)

September
Prostate Cancer Awareness Month
Childhood Cancer Awareness Month
Gospel Music Heritage Month|

* Labor Day (federal)

* Brazilian Day (NY, cultural)
* California Admission Day (CA)
* Carl Garner Federal Lands Cleanup Day (36)
* Constitution Day and Citizenship Day (36)
* Constitution Week
* Defenders Day (MD)
* Elevation of the Holy Cross (religious)
* Feast of San Gennaro (NY, cultural, religious)
* Ganesh Chaturthi (religious)
* Gold Star Mother's Day (36)
* His Holiness Sakya Trizin's Birthday (religious)
* Mabon (religious)
* National Grandparents Day (36)
* National Payroll Week (week)
* Nativity of Mary / Nativity of the Theotokos (religious)
* Native American Day (proposed federal)
* Patriot Day (36)
* Von Steuben Day

September–October
Hispanic Heritage Month|

* Chehlum Imam Hussain (religious)
* Oktoberfest
* Pitri Paksha (religious)
* Rosh Hashanah / Feast of Trumpets (TX, NY, religious)
* Shemini Atzeret (religious)
* Simchat Torah (religious)
* Vijaya Dashami (religious)
* Yom Kippur / Day of Atonement (TX, NY, religious)

October
Breast Cancer Awareness Month
Disability Employment Awareness Month
Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month
Filipino American History Month
LGBT History Month|

* Columbus Day (federal)
* Halloween

* Alaska Day (AK)
* Child Health Day (36)
* General Pulaski Memorial Day
* German-American Day
* Indigenous Peoples' Day
* International Day of Non-Violence
* Leif Erikson Day (36)
* Missouri Day (MO)
* Nanomonestotse (cultural)
* National School Lunch Week (week)
* Native American Day in South Dakota (SD)
* Nevada Day (NV)
* Spirit Day (cultural)
* Sweetest Day
* Sukkot / Feast of Tabernacles (religious, week)
* Virgin Islands–Puerto Rico Friendship Day (PR, VI)
* White Cane Safety Day (36)

October–November|

* Birth of the Báb (religious)
* Birth of Baháʼu'lláh (religious)
* Day of the Dead (VI)
* Diwali (NY, religious)
* Mawlid al-Nabi (religious)

November
Native American Indian Heritage Month|

* Veterans Day (federal)
* Thanksgiving (federal)

* Ascension of ‘Abdu’l Baha (religious)
* All Saints' Day (religious)
* Beginning of the Nativity Fast (religious)
* Beltane / Samhain (religious)
* Barack Obama Day in Alabama (Perry County, AL)
* D. Hamilton Jackson Day (VI)
* Day after Thanksgiving (24)
* Day of the Covenant (religious)
* Discovery of Puerto Rico Day (PR)
* Election Day (CA, DE, HI, KY, MT, NJ, NY, OH, PR, VA, WV, proposed federal)
* Family Day (NV)
* Friendsgiving
* Guru Nanak Gurpurab (religious)
* Hanukkah (religious)
* Lā Kūʻokoʻa (HI, unofficial, cultural)
* Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur (religious)
* Native American Heritage Day (MD, WA, cultural)
* Presentation of the Theotokos to the Temple (religious)
* Trans Day of Remembrance (cultural)
* Unthanksgiving Day (cultural)

December|

* Christmas (religious, federal)
* New Year's Eve

* Advent Sunday (religious)
* Alabama Day (AL)
* Birthday of Guru Gobind Singh Sahib (religious)
* Bodhi Day (religious)
* Chalica (religious)
* Christmas Eve (KY, NC, SC, PR, VI)
* Day after Christmas (KY, NC, SC, TX, VI)
* Festivus
* HumanLight
* Hanukkah (religious, week)
* Immaculate Conception (religious)
* Indiana Day (IN)
* Kwanzaa (cultural, week)
* Milad Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin (religious)
* National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day (36)
* Nativity of Jesus (religious)
* Old Year's Night (VI)
* Pan American Aviation Day (36)
* Pancha Ganapati (religious, week)
* Rosa Parks Day (OH, OR)
* Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God (religious)
* Wright Brothers Day (36)
* Yule (religious)
* Zartosht No-Diso (religious)

Varies (year round)|

* Eid al-Adha (NY, religious)
* Eid al-Fitr (NY, religious)
* Islamic New Year (religious)
* Yawm al-Arafa (religious)
* Hajj (religious)
* Laylat al-Qadr (religious)
* Navaratri (religious, four times a year)
* Obon (religious)
* Onam (religious)
* Ramadan (religious, month)
* Ghost Festival (religious)
* Yawm Aashura (religious)

Legend:

(federal) = federal holidays, (abbreviation) = state/territorial holidays, (religious) = religious holidays, (cultural) = holiday related to a specific racial/ethnic group or sexual minority, (week) = week-long holidays, (month) = month-long holidays, (36) = Title 36 Observances and Ceremonies

See also: Lists of holidays, Hallmark holidays, Public holidays in the United States, Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands.
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