Brigham Young University LGBT history

Overview of BYU and LGBT people

For a chronological guide, see Timeline of BYU LGBT history.

See also: Homosexuality and the LDS Church and Gender minorities and the LDS Church

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Students identifying as LGBTQIA+ have a long, documented history at Brigham Young University (BYU),[1][2]: 59, 60 and have experienced a range of treatment by other students and school administrators over the decades. Large surveys of over 7,000 BYU students in 2020 and 2017 found that over 13% had marked their sexual orientation as something other than "strictly heterosexual", while the other survey showed that .2% had reported their gender identity as transgender or something other than cisgender male or female.[3][4]: 2 BYU is the largest religious university in North America and is the flagship institution of the educational system of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)—Mormonism's largest denomination.

Historically, experiences for BYU students identifying as LGBTQIA+ have included being banned from enrolling due to their romantic attractions in the 60s;[2]: 379 being required by school administration to undergo therapy in the 1970s, including electroshock and vomit aversion therapies in "special cases";[5]: 155 having nearly 80% of BYU students refusing to live with an openly homosexual person in a poll in the 1990s;[6] and a ban on coming out until 2007.[7][8] Until 2021 there were not any LGBTQIA+-specific resources on campus, though there is now the Office of Student Success and Inclusion.[9][10][11] BYU students are at risk of discipline and expulsion by the Honor Code Office for many expressions of same-sex romantic feelings like same-sex dating, hugging, and kissing,[15] for gender non-conforming dress, and students and faculty are still banned from meeting together in a queer-straight alliance group on campus.[16][17][18]

Several LGBT rights organizations have criticized BYU's policies around queer students[19] and The Princeton Review has regularly ranked BYU as one of the most LGBT-unfriendly schools in the United States.[20][21][22] Although BYU policies specific to same-sex romantic expressions have existed since the 50s, these were only available to administrators, and the first publicly available explicit mention of homosexuality in the language of the school's code of conduct was not publicly published until the fall of 2009.[23][24] The first LGBT-specific campus-wide event was held in April 2017.[25] Though faced with this historical and current environment, LGBT individuals have continued to enroll in and attend BYU with many participating in unofficial LGBT BYU communities.

## Ban on gay students

[edit]

BYU policies, including the complete ban on students attracted to the same sex in the 60s, are decided by the Board of Trustees, composed of general authorities.[26][27][28]

Before 1959 there was little explicit mention of homosexuality by BYU administration,[2]: 375, 377, 394 but by 1962 a ban on homosexual students was enacted, though not mentioned in the media or in literature provided to students. On September 12, 1962, apostles Spencer W. Kimball and Mark E. Peterson and BYU President Ernest L. Wilkinson agreed on a university policy that "no one will be admitted as a student ... whom we have convincing evidence is a homosexual."[2]: 379 They agreed to share information about individuals cases of homosexual members between general church administration and BYU administration.[29][30] This policy was broadcast in Wilkinson's address to BYU in September 1965 when he stated "we [do not] intend to admit to this campus any homosexuals. ... [I]f any of you have this tendency, ... may I suggest you leave the University immediately .... We do not want others on this campus to be contaminated by your presence."[31][32][33] The next month general authorities again privately decided that the "University does not permit any known homosexual to enter or remain at BYU", though they decided "for the purposes of admission or retention at BYU" that masturbation (or "self abuse") was "not considered homosexuality."[34] The decision by top leaders forbidding the enrollment of homosexuals at BYU was again repeated in meetings on January 27, 1966, and January 25, 1968, and was codified in the 1967 version of the Honor code available only to administrators. The approved version read "homosexuality will not be tolerated", while the proposed sentence banning "masturbation" was removed in committee.[29][35]

The complete ban on any students with a homosexual orientation was softened a decade later by Wilkinson's successor, Dallin H. Oaks, in an April 19, 1973, Board of Trustees meeting. There it was decided BYU administrators would allow for students who had repented of homosexual acts and forsaken them for a lengthy period of time. Additionally, students guilty of infrequent sexual behavior (not including fornication or adultery equivalents) who were repentant and showed evidence that the act(s) would not be repeated would be admitted while those still suspected of current same-sex sexual behavior would still be barred from remaining and enrollment.[29][36][37]

## Surveillance

[edit]

BYU bans extramarital sexual activity for straight students and further forbids any same-sex dating or physical expression of attraction including hugs for students identifying as LGBTQIA+.[13]: 1 [38][39]

Under Oaks, a system of surveillance and searches of dorms of problem students, including suspected homosexuals, was implemented.[2]: 442 This included electronic recording devices which BYU Security Chief Robert Kelshaw confirmed in 1975 had been planted on students to gather information. In reference to the widespread campaign to find homosexuals among BYU students, Oaks stated, "Two influences we wish to exclude from the BYU community are active homosexuals and drug users, and these subjects are therefore among those with which our security force is concerned."[40]

Four years later BYU's newspaper reported Oaks asking BYU security to be "especially watchful" for any student homosexual infractions.[41]: 126 [42] BYU's security force conducted stake outs looking for license plates of BYU students at gay bars in Salt Lake City.[2]: 442 [43][44] They also placed fake contact advertisements in a gay Salt Lake City newspaper to entrap gay students.[45][43][40] This resulted in the arrest of David Chipman who was no longer a BYU student at that time.[41]: 126 [46][47] However, the director of public relations for the university stated that by 1979 Oaks ordered BYU security to stop surveilling gay bars and to cease posting entrapment advertisements.[43]

## Values Institute

[edit]

In September 1976 top church leaders on the BYU Board of Trustees approved BYU president Dallin H. Oaks's Institute for Studies in Values and Human Behavior dedicated most heavily to search for evidence supporting church views on homosexuality.[49] The primary assignment was writing a church-funded book on homosexuality to be published by a non-church source (in order to boost the book's scientific credibility).[52] BYU psychologist Allen Bergin acted as the director[53][54] and book author. Institute member and church Social Services director Victor Brown Jr.[55] wrote, "Our basic theme is that truth lies with the scriptures and prophets, not with secular data or debate."[56] Several dissertations were produced by the Values Institute[37][57][58] before it closed in 1985.[59]

## Payne Papers

[edit]

In 1977, gay BYU student Cloy Jenkins and gay BYU instructor Lee Williams[60] coauthored an open letter to refute the anti-gay teachings of BYU professor Reed Payne. The anonymous letter was later published with the help of Lee's gay brother Jeff and Ricks College faculty member Howard Salisbury as the "Payne Papers" pamphlet (later titled "Prologue").[61] This was anonymously mailed to all high-ranking LDS leaders and most BYU and Ricks College faculty causing a controversy.[50]: 1 This elicited a response from apostle Boyd K. Packer in the form of his "To the One" 1978 BYU address on homosexuality[63] and an article from the recently formed BYU Values Institute.[50]

## Policies and punishments in the 1990s and early 2000s

[edit]

A gay pride parody of the "Y" logo

In the late 1990s an explicit reference to "homosexual conduct" was added to the publicly available text of the BYU Honor Code for the first time.[64]: 146 In 1997 Honor Code Office director Rush Sumpter stated that BYU forbade actions of verifiable, overt displays of homosexual affection, but does not punish attractions. One student stated she tried to pray her feelings away, and another said her parents sent her to BYU to straighten out her homosexual feelings.[65]

In 2000 a reported 13 students were kicked off campus when caught watching the TV series Queer As Folk.[64]: 145 [66] The next year two gay students (Matthew Grierson and Ricky Escoto) were expelled under accusations deemed "more probable than not" of hand-holding or kissing.[64]: 145 The Associate Dean of Students Lane Fischer over the BYU Honor Code Office stated in a letter to those two students that it was "inappropriate" for a BYU student to "advocate for the [homosexual] lifestyle" by publishing material or participating in public demonstrations as well as advertising one's "same-sex preference in any public way" reinforcing the existing honor code ban on coming out for lesbian, gay, or bisexual students.[8][7] He also required homosexual students facing discipline to refrain from same-sex "dating, holding hands, kissing, romantic touching, showering, clubbing, ets., as well as regular association with homosexual men."[67]

## Current policies

[edit]

A gay superhero parody of BYU's Brigham Young statue

BYU continues to ban same-sex romantic behavior such as dating, holding hands, and kissing as of August 2023.[68][69] In 2007, BYU changed the honor code to read that stating one's sexual orientation was not an honor code issue while removing the phrase that "any behaviors that indicate homosexual conduct, including those not sexual in nature, are inappropriate and violate the Honor Code." The change also clarified the policy on advocacy of LGBTQ rights or romantic relationships.[70][71][72] Several students, including those identifying as LGBTQIA+, thought that the previous wording was confusing and unclear.

While both homosexuals and heterosexuals must abide by the church's law of chastity (i.e. no sexual relations outside of marriage, no crude language, and no pornography),[73] the Honor Code additionally prohibits all forms of physical intimacy that give expression to homosexual feelings (e.g. dating, hugging, hand holding, or kissing) as of 2022[update].[74] There is no similar restriction against expressing heterosexual feelings.[24] The policy on homosexuality was not noted in the online version of the honor code available to students until the fall of 2009.[23][24] Both this version and the 2010 versions contained a clause banning homosexual advocacy defined as "seeking to influence others to engage in homosexual behavior or promoting homosexual relations as being morally acceptable."[24][75]

In early 2011, BYU quietly removed the clause prohibiting advocacy.[76][75][72] However, in 2021 BYU fired Sue Bergin and the next year BYU's sister school BYU-Idaho (also run by the Church Educational System) fired two employees Lindsay Call and Ben Buswell all for allegedly expressing concerns over church teachings around LGBTQ people.[77] BYU continues to ban LGBTQ student groups from meeting on campus as of 2022[update].[78] During an off-campus September 2022 BYU LGBTQ student "Back to School Pride Night", 100 protesters (many also BYU students) gathered and yelled slurs at the 300 LGBTQ BYU students and friends in attendance.[78][74][79]

A 2021 BYU-conducted survey of its students found that 74% of the 13,000 respondents experienced or witnessed "derogatory remarks about LGBTQ+ people" within the past year, and one in four LGBTQ students surveyed said they did not feel safe on campus.[74][4]: 6, 9 Carolyn Gassert, president of the LGBTQ BYU student group USGA, said most of the queer students at BYU are used to the vitriol and "hear these comments in the classroom."[78]

### Policies around gender expression

[edit]

See also: Gender minorities and the LDS Church

As for gender diverse students, policies remain unclear, and as of 2017[update] a BYU spokesperson has only stated that "transgender students are handled on a case-by-case basis." One openly transgender student has tried discussing policies with the Honor Code office, but they ignored his emails. No publicly available BYU policy seems to be in place for students transitioning with hormone therapy, or for an assigned-male-at-birth student expressing a gender identity as a woman through clothing, makeup, or long hair.[80] However, faculty are instructed as of December 2017[update] that a female with a shaved head, or a male with long nails, brightly dyed hair, or makeup would be violating the Honor Code and should be reported to the Honor Code Office.[81]

## BYU LGBTQ student groups

[edit]

Main article: BYU USGA

LGBT BYU students at a USGA meeting in 2017

In 2010, a group called USGA (Understanding Sexuality, Gender, and Allyship), consisting of BYU students and other members of the Provo community, began meeting on campus to discuss issues relating to homosexuality and the LDS Church.[82] However, by December 2012, USGA was told it could no longer hold meetings on BYU's campus[12] and BYU continues to ban USGA from meeting on campus as of 2022[update].[78][9][16]

In 2021, groups named Raynbow Collective and Cougar Pride Center were started to address the increasing needs of queer students. These groups began supplementing the work by USGA through additional resources and events.[78][83]

## Research at BYU around LGBT topics

[edit]

Research has shown a consistent presence of LGBT students attending BYU.

In 1950, 1961, and 1972 BYU Sociology professor Wilford E. Smith conducted a survey of thousands of Mormon students at several universities including many from the BYU sociology department as part of a larger survey.[84] His data spanning over 20 years found that 10% of BYU men and 2% of BYU women indicated having had a "homosexual experience." He also found that "the response of Mormons [at BYU] did not differ significantly from the response of Mormons in state universities."[1]

An informal poll of students in 1991 by an independent BYU newspaper found that 5% of students identified their sexual orientation as gay (similar to the 4% estimate by a BYU counselor in 1979),[85][86] and 22% of all students knew of a BYU student who was gay or lesbian.[87][2]: 59, 60

In 1997 a poll of over 400 BYU students found that 42% of students believed that even if a same-sex attracted person keeps the honor code they should not be allowed to attend BYU and nearly 80% said they would not live with a roommate attracted to people of the same sex.[6][85]

In 2003 BYU's newspaper cited two LDS therapists who stated that "somewhere around 4 to 5 percent" of BYU students are gay.[88]: 1

A BYU Spring 2017 survey taken by 42% of students found that .2% of the 12,602 who completed the survey (or 25 responders) reported their gender identity being transgender or something other than cisgender male or female.[4]: 2 For comparison, a 2017 meta-analysis of 20 separate large surveys (with sample sizes ranging from over 30,000 US adults to over 165,000 each) found a conservative estimate of .39% for the portion of US adults who self-identify as transgender.[89] A 2020 survey of 7,625 BYU students found that over 13% (996) of those surveyed indicated that their sexual orientation was something other than "strictly heterosexual.[3]

## Aversion therapy at BYU

[edit]

See also: Sexual orientation change efforts and the LDS Church

BYU's Honor Code office required some students reported for homosexual behavior to undergo electroshock and vomit aversion therapies in the 1970s.[5]: 155 [90]: 84 The on-campus program lasted into the mid-90s.[91]: 90

An intervention-style approach to "curing" homosexuality by therapists and unlicensed individuals gradually emerged in the LDS community as it became clear that the church leaders' self-help recommendations were not working.[91]: 89 One of the main efforts was BYU's aversion therapy program from 1959[2]: 377, 379 to the mid-90s[91]: 90 which used mostly electrical shocks to the arm or genitals, or sometimes induced-vomiting while showing the participants erotic imagery.[92] Shortly after the May 21, 1959, meeting of BYU president Ernest Wilkinson and apostles on the executive committee of the Church Board of Education discussing the "growing problem in our society of homosexuality" BYU began administering "aversion therapy" to "cure", "repair", or "reorient" homosexual feelings among Mormon males.[2]: 377, 379 The on-campus aversion therapy program lasted through the 1960s, 70s, 80s,[94] and into the mid-1990s.[91]: 90 [95] BYU mental health counselors, LDS bishops, stake presidents, mission presidents, general authorities, and the BYU Standards Office (equivalent to today's Honor Code Office) all referred young men to the BYU program.[96] Because of religious considerations, on September 22, 1969, BYU administration decided to reduce the amount of the on-campus "electrical aversive therapy" used to treat (among other things) what was deemed "sexual deviancy", though, the program continued.[97][41]: 82

From 1971 to 1980 BYU's president Dallin H. Oaks[41]: 32 had Gerald J. Dye over the University Standards Office[98] (renamed the Honor Code Office in 1991). Dye stated that during that decade part of the "set process" for homosexual BYU students referred to his office for "less serious" offenses was to require that they undergo some form of therapy to remain at BYU, and that in special cases this included "electroshock and vomiting aversion therapies."[5]: 155

In an independent BYU newspaper article two men describe their experience with the BYU Aversion therapy program during the early 1970s.[99]: 162 After confessing to homosexual feelings they were referred to the BYU Counseling Center where the electroshock aversion therapy took place using pornographic pictures of males and females. Jon, one of the individuals, implied that the treatment was completely ineffective.[60] The experiences match most reports which state that shock therapy was ineffective in changing sexual orientation.[100]: xxvi

From 1975 to 1976 Max Ford McBride, a student at BYU, conducted electroshock aversion therapy on 17 men (with 14 completing the treatment) using a male arousal measuring device placed around the penis and electrodes on the bicep. He published a dissertation on the use of electrical aversive techniques to treat ego-dystonic homosexuality.[101] The thesis documents the use of "Electrical Aversion Therapy" on 14 homosexual men using a "phallometric" apparatus, "barely tolerable" shocks, and "nude male visual-cue stimuli."[102][101] Although it is not publicly published whether all top LDS Church leaders were aware of the electroshock aversion therapy program,[103]: 1 it is known that apostles Spencer W Kimball, Mark E. Peterson, and now apostle Dallin H. Oaks were,[2]: 379 and leaders involved in LDS Social Services thought the therapy was effective.[104][48]: 164–165 At the time, homosexuality was considered by the medical community as a psychiatric condition,[105][106] and aversion therapy was one of the more common methods used to try to change it.[107] In 1966, Martin Seligman had conducted a study at the University of Pennsylvania that demonstrated positive results, which led to "a great burst of enthusiasm about changing homosexuality [that] swept over the therapeutic community."[108] After flaws were demonstrated in Seligman's experiments, aversion therapy fell out of popularity, and in 1994 the American Medical Association issued a report that stated "aversion therapy is no longer recommended for gay men and lesbians."[109]

Participant in the 1975–76 BYU study Don Harryman wrote that he experienced "burns on [his] arms and ... emotional trauma."[100]: 26–28 [110] Another participant, John Clarence Cameron, who wrote a play called "14" about his experiences, said "it didn't change anything except increase my self-loathing. I didn't know the ramifications of the experiment until years later."[103] Cameron stated that he "would like everyone to tell the truth, admit the mistakes that took place, and stop trying to act like it didn't happen"[111] Another one of the test subjects described his experiences, stating "No one wanted to change more than I did. I did everything within my power to change, and it didn't alter my homosexuality one whit. All I had learned to do was suppress much of my personality ... I was shutting down, turning off.... I was making my life miserable by a pervasive denial of who I am."[112]

Connell O'Donovan,[113] Val Mansfield and Drew Staffanson described undergoing aversion therapy and Raymond King describes his involvement as an intern with the BYU psychology department's electroshock aversion therapy program in the 1996 short documentary Legacies.[114][115] The documentary 8: The Mormon Proposition also contains an interview wherein Bruce Barton states that BYU coerced him into vomit aversion therapy, as well as electroshock therapy, which later precipitated his suicide attempt.[116] Jayce Cox also reported his experience with BYU shock therapy[117] and suicidal ideation in articles and an MTV documentary.[121] Scott Burton discusses the burn marks on his wrists he developed when undergoing electroshock therapy from ages 13 to 15 at the hands of a Mormon therapist by request from his Mormon parents.[122]

In 2011 BYU admitted to the past use of electroshock therapy but denies that it had ever used vomit-inducing therapy "in the BYU Counseling Center"[102] (which has been in the Wilkinson Student Center since 1964). However, the students that underwent the treatment have stated that the vomit therapy took place in the basement of the Psychology department's Joseph F. Smith Family Living Center (built in 1957, demolished in 2002).[114][123] In 2021 Dallin Oaks falsely stated that electroshock aversion therapy "never went on under my administration" at BYU while he was the university's president from 1971 to 1980, while a BYU student produced a master's thesis on the electroshock program at BYU in 1976).[124][125]

## Conversion therapy at BYU

[edit]

See also: Sexual orientation change efforts and the LDS Church

Church leaders taught for decades that members could and should try to "turn off" gay attractions through means including conversion therapy.[126] The 2011 Broadway musical The Book of Mormon satirized these teachings with an LDS missionary character saying he could "turn it off like a light switch" in reference to his gay feelings.[127][128]

In 2016, the church's official website declared that conversion therapy or sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) are "unethical."[129][130] This statement is echoed by studies on the harmful effects of SOCE.[131] Prior to this change in stance BYU ecclesiastical leaders and Honor Code office administrators have encouraged or required students with homosexual feelings to undergo conversion therapy (also known as sexual orientation change efforts), sometimes under threat of expulsion. This therapy focused on diminishing same-sex romantic attraction sometimes happened on campus by church-employed therapists.

For example, National Geographic journalist Andrew Evans[132] has discussed the compulsory year of conversion therapy and "traumatic moments" BYU made him undergo in the late 90s as a student after he was caught kissing a man by his roommate. BYU told him he could be expelled or visit weekly with his bishop, turn in fellow gay students, cut off contact with any gay friends, and have frequent visits with a BYU therapist until he was heterosexual and "safe" for other students to be around. Included in the therapy was weekly dates with women as an additional attempt to change his attractions.[133]

Similarly, LGBT activist Michael Ferguson also discussed the many years and different modalities of expensive conversion therapy he underwent (including with a BYU psychologist) starting with a 2004 recommendation from his BYU bishop. He was told by local church leaders that many had "overcome" and diminished their same-sex romantic feelings and their "addiction" to those of the same sex. Ferguson believed that through this he could follow church teachings and marry a woman and enter the highest degree of glory in the afterlife. Much of the therapy focused on repairing alleged emotional damage from things deemed to cause homosexuality like an overbearing mother, distant father, and rejection from same-sex peers.[134]

## Timeline of BYU LGBT History

[edit]

Main article: Timeline of BYU LGBT history

See also: Timeline of LGBT Mormon history

Below is a brief timeline of major events at the intersection of LGBT topics and BYU. Before 1959, there was little explicit mention of homosexuality by BYU administration.[2]: 375, 377, 394

### 1940s

[edit]

* 1948 – Gay BYU student Earl Kofoed, who went to BYU from 1946 to 1948, reports a "live and let live" attitude of leaders towards LGBT Mormons, and describes a thriving gay community at BYU. He states that there were no witch hunts, excommunications, or pressure to change one's sexual orientation at BYU like there would be in later decades.[135][136]

### 1950s

[edit]

* 1959 – BYU begins their on-campus electroshock and vomit aversion therapy program for males experiencing same-sex sexual attractions.[2]: 379

### 1960s

[edit]

Under BYU president Ernest L. Wilkinson, any non-straight students were banned from attending the university.

* 1962 – The apostles Spencer W. Kimball and Mark E. Peterson tell BYU president Ernest L. Wilkinson that no student suspected of experiencing homosexual feelings should be allowed to attend BYU.[2]: 379
* 1962 – BYU president Ernest L. Wilkinson states in a speech to the student body that people with homosexual feelings will not be allowed to enroll or remain as students, since they contaminate the campus.[33][137][5]: 154
* 1964 – Apostle Kimball addresses seminary and institute faculty and calls homosexuality a "malady", "disease", and an "abominable and detestable crime against nature" that is "curable" by "self mastery."[138] He cites one lay bishop (a businessman by trade) assigned by the church to administer a "program of rehabilitation" through which there had been "numerous cures." He says "the police, the courts, and the judges" have referred "many cases directly" to the church.[139][140]: 91
* 1965 – Kimball again addresses homosexuality in a BYU speech stating BYU "will never knowingly enroll ... nor tolerate ... anyone with these tendencies who fails to repent", and that it is a "damnable heresy" for a homosexual person to say "God made them that way."[141][5]: 149
* 1965 – Five suicides of gay male BYU students are reported in one year.[5]: 156 [142]
* 1967 – After a policy change allowing BYU bishops to share confidential information gained from the students during interviews with BYU administration took place, a dramatic rise in students suspected of homosexual activity is reported, totaling 72 recorded by BYU administration by the end of August 1968. Security files are kept by BYU on students suspected of being gay and students were encouraged to spy on other students.[5]: 154

### 1970s

[edit]

* 1973 – It is decided by the BYU Board of Trustees that the ban on people attracted to those of the same sex will be lifted and they may enroll at BYU with local church leadership permission as long as they are not sexually expressing their attractions.[37][5]: 155
* 1973 – BYU psychology professor Allen Bergin publishes an article in the July New Era portraying some homosexuals as "psychologically disturbed persons" who are "compulsively driven to frequent and sometimes bizarre acts." Bergin discusses the behaviorist sexual orientation change efforts he used in an attempt to change their same-sex sexual behavior and attractions.[143]

BYU president Oaks instituted a system of surveillance to identify and expel or attempt to "cure" homosexual students in the '70s.

* 1974 – BYU president Oaks delivers a speech on campus in which he speaks in favor of keeping criminal punishment for "deviate sexual behavior" such as private, consensual, same-sex sexual activity. The speech is later printed by the university's press.[144][145][146]
* 1974 – Church president Kimball addresses the BYU student body stating that sex reassignment surgeries are an appalling travesty.[147]
* 1976 – BYU begins a purge in January to expel homosexual students[41]: 126 as part of president Oaks' widespread campaign to curtail the influence of homosexual people on campus.[40]: 10A The purge includes interrogations of fine arts and drama students and surveillance of Salt Lake City gay bars by BYU security.[40][2]: 442
* 1976 – BYU music professor Carlyle Marsden takes his own life two days after being outed by an arrest for alleged homosexual activity.[148][149][150]
* 1976 – A 20-year study by a BYU Sociology professor is published, showing that 10% of BYU men and 2% of BYU women indicated having had a "homosexual experience."[2]: 442–443 In 1950, 1961, and 1972 Wilford E. Smith conducted a survey of thousands of Mormon students at several universities including many from the BYU sociology department as part of a larger survey.[84] He found that "the response of Mormons [at BYU] did not differ significantly from the response of Mormons in state universities."[1]
* 1977 – After hearing anti-gay rhetoric from BYU professor Reed Payne, BYU student Cloy Jenkins and gay BYU instructor Lee Williams produces the Payne Papers (later called Prologue) outlining information and experiences in defense of homosexual Mormons.[50] It is later anonymously mailed to all high-ranking church leaders.[5]: 157–159

Pamphlet cover to a reprint of Packer's BYU speech on homosexuality.

* 1978 – The apostle Boyd K. Packer delivers a sermon at BYU on March 5 entitled "To the One", which went on to be published by the church as a pamphlet.[151][152] Packer characterizes homosexual interaction as a perversion and presents the possibility that it had its roots in selfishness and could be cured with "unselfish thoughts, with unselfish acts."[151]: 6

Three text advertisements placed by BYU security in a gay Salt Lake City monthly newspaper in order to entrap gay students.

* 1978 – In November BYU Security begins placing entrapment ads in a monthly Salt Lake City LGBT newspaper to ensnare BYU students.[43] This results in the 1979 arrest of David Chipman, a former BYU student, who made a romantic advance after being taken on a drive by undercover BYU security agent David Neumann, who was posing as a gay BYU student.[153][45][154] Chipman's controversial conviction due to the security officers making an arrest outside their jurisdiction for an entrapment case went to the Utah State Supreme Court.[41]: 126 [155][156]
* 1979 – Under the guidance of BYU president Dallin H. Oaks, BYU security begins campaigns to entrap any students participating in same-sex sexual behavior and purge them from the university.[41]: 126
* 1979 – BYU's newspaper publishes a series of articles in April quoting BYU and church leaders[157] and gay students on homosexuality. The series includes comments by Maxine Murdock of the BYU Counseling Center and Ford McBride, a former psychology student who conducted BYU electroshock aversion experiments on fourteen gay BYU students.[101] McBride and Murdock estimated that 4% of BYU students (or around 1,200 students) are homosexual.[41]: 422 [86]

### 1980s

[edit]

* 1982 – The Church-owned television station KBYU refuses to air the third segment of a documentary on homosexuality in Utah in part because it contains interviews of anonymous gay BYU students.[41]: 326 [158]
* 1982 – In an address to BYU on August 28, then president of Ricks College Bruce C. Hafen counsels students to avoid homosexuality "at all costs, no matter what the circumstances." He further cites the 1973 removal of homosexuality as a mental disorder from the DSM as an example of something gone wrong "deep within our national soul."[159]
* 1986 – BYU publishs a study by BYU professor and area Church Welfare Services director Victor Brown Jr.[160] stating that people can eliminate homosexual feelings.[161][162]
* 1986 – An article is published referencing a gay BYU student who had been preparing for an opposite-sex temple marriage in the 80s under counsel from BYU professor and stake president Richard H. Cracroft. A few months into the marriage, the man died by suicide, and Cracroft stated that "Admittedly, not many of us know how to counsel homosexuals."[163]

### 1990s

[edit]

* 1990s – Transgender woman Cammie Vanderveur, a BYU engineering student, wears a dress on campus only at night to avoid punishment.[80]
* 1990 – The independent BYU newspaper Student Review begins publishing articles on the topic of homosexuality, dedicating an entire issue to the discussion, and frequently addressing the topic over the next four years.[164]
* 1991 – An informal poll of students by an independent BYU newspaper finds that 5% of current students identified their sexual orientation as gay and 22% of all students knew of a BYU student who was gay or lesbian.[87][2]: 59, 60
* 1994 – BYU publishes an anthropology masters thesis titled Cross-Cultural Categories of Female Homosexuality.[165][166]
* mid-1990s – BYU's on-campus electroshock aversion therapy program, which had begun in 1959,[2]: 377, 379 ends over three decades later.[91]: 90
* 1996 – BYU Spanish professor Thomas Matthews is reported to a top LDS authority in July for previously stating that he was gay in private conversations. He stated that BYU did not like that he was out of the closet despite being celibate and keeping BYU codes of conduct, and eventually left the university.[170]
* 1996 – A campus group for gay students and friends "Open Forum" is founded. With faculty advisor Paul Thomas, they seek but are denied official club status from BYU administrators.[99]: 162–163
* 1997 – A poll of over 400 BYU students finds that 42% of students believed that even if a same-sex attracted person keeps the honor code, they should not be allowed to attend BYU, and nearly 80% said they would not live with a roommate attracted to people of the same sex.[6][99]: 162
* 1997 – The university newspaper publishes an article featuring several openly gay students.[65]

### 2000s

[edit]

* 2003 – After facing criticism from several organizations, KBYU and BYU-TV canceled the planned broadcast of LDS therapist Jeff Robinson's presentation "Homosexuality: What Works and What Doesn't Work" given at BYU's 2002 Families Under Fire conference.[171][172][173] The talk characterized homosexuality as a serious addiction that could be cured with enough motivation, and stated that gay men can develop a sexual attraction to women if they walk away from rather than focusing on or fighting the dragon of their gayness.[174][88][175]
* 2005 – The Foundation for Attraction Research (FAR) is founded[176] and run by mostly BYU professors including BYU psychology professor Dean Byrd, BYU social work professor Shirley Cox,[177] with a board of directors also consisting of BYU English professor Doris Dant,[178] BYU law professor William Duncan,[179] BYU religion professor John Livingstone,[180] and retired BYU psychology professor Gawain Wells.[180] In 2009, the organization published Understanding Same-Sex Attraction[181] which advocated therapy to change sexual attractions.[182] In 2012, FAR co-hosted the Reconciling Faith and Feelings conference with the Association of Mormon Counselors and Psychotherapists (AMCAP).[183][90]: 192
* 2006 – Soulforce's Equality Ride makes a stop at BYU campus in April, protesting BYU's policies towards LGBTQ students.[19][184]
* 2006 – In June, BYU fires adjunct professor Jeffrey Nielsen for writing an opinion piece[185] in support of same-sex marriage.[186][64]: 190 [187]
* 2007 – Soulforce's Equality Ride makes a second stop at BYU's campus on March 22.[188][189][190]
* 2007 – Shortly after the Soul Force demonstration,[71] the BYU Board of Trustees, under the direction of First Presidency member Thomas S. Monson, revises the BYU Honor Code in April to clarify that "one's stated same-gender attraction is not an Honor Code issue" while continuing to ban "all forms of physical intimacy that give expression to homosexual feelings."[191][73][192]
* 2009 – The first explicit mention of homosexuality in the language of the school's code of conduct available to students is publicly published in the fall.[23][24]

### 2010s

[edit]

#### 2010

[edit]

* 2010 – Shortly after a policy change removing the ban on LGBT BYU students gathering together in a group,[193] LGBT and straight students begin weekly meetings on BYU campus as USGA to discuss issues relating to homosexuality and the LDS Church.[82]

#### 2011

[edit]

* February – BYU's Honor Code is updated to remove the ban on any "advocacy of homosexual behavior" defined as "promoting homosexual relations as being morally acceptable."[194][72][76]
* November – BYU fires a gay broadcasting department faculty member. The employee stated that BYU had become an increasingly hostile work environment[195] and that being gay played into his being fired.[12]

#### 2012

[edit]

* March – LGBT BYU students receive national attention for their "It Gets Better" video.[196][197]
* April – A Sociology Department panel of LGBT BYU students receive press coverage as well as complaints to the university from a conservative political group.[198][199]
* December – By the end of the year, USGA is banned from meeting on campus and continues to be banned as of 2018[update].[16][9] USGA moves its meetings to the Provo City Library.[200][12]

#### 2013

[edit]

* May – Ty Mansfield, a sexual minority Latter-day Saint who has been open about his sexuality, starts teaching as an adjunct instructor in Religious Education at BYU, where he has continued to teach since.[201]

#### 2014

[edit]

#### 2015

[edit]

* January – BYU student Andrew White is dragged from his BYU housing apartment bed by his housemates, kicked out, and verbally assaulted after coming out as gay.[202][203][204]
* September – In a BYU Devotional address Ronald A. Rasband invites students to discuss LGBT rights and religious freedom and to write comments on his Facebook post.[200][205] The address was later reprinted in a church magazine.[206]
* 2015 – In a survey of 92 LGBTQ BYU students done by USGA, 52% had at some point considered self-harm.[194]

#### 2016

[edit]

* January – The advocacy organization FreeBYU files an accreditation complaint to the American Bar Association against the BYU law school arguing that the honor code's prohibition of dating, romantic expression, and marriage between same-sex partners, but not their heterosexual counterparts, violated the accrediting body's anti-discrimination policies.[207][208][209] The American Bar Association rejects the complaint after BYU made changes to its Honor Code.[210]
* February – BYU student Harry Fisher comes out on Facebook in 2015. About two months later, after experiences of hearing anti-gay rhetoric from individuals around him, and after instances of having to leave his BYU singles ward meeting to cry in his car, he dies by suicide on February 12, 2016.[211]
* August – BYU and Church policies on LGBT persons get the spotlight, as these served as a deterrent in their football team being considered as a Fall addition to the Big 12 Conference.[212][213][214]

Protesters deliver 60,000 petition signatures to BYU's administration in response to reports of administrators mistreating rape and assault survivors, including LGBT student.[16][215][216]

* August – During the BYU Title IX controversy around the university's policies and treatment of student survivors of sexual assault, The Salt Lake Tribune publishes an article containing firsthand accounts of several current and former LGBTQ BYU students who were sexually assaulted or raped as students and their subsequent experiences with administrators.[16]
* November – The Provo newspaper Daily Herald publishes a series of six in-depth articles on the experiences of BYU LGBT students, centered around the topics of why they attend,[217] USGA,[218] mental health,[219] the Honor Code,[13] and why some leave.[220] The articles are written over the space of two months, with an editorial conclusion at the end of the series asking administrators to listen to LGBT BYU students.[221]

BYU's first official campus LGBTQ-specific event in April 2017.

#### 2017

[edit]

* April – The first LGBT-specific campus-wide event is held on the 7th by the BYU NAMI club.[201] For comparison, a similar-sized university nearby in had its first official LGBT campus event and student group over 45 years before in 1971.[222][223]
* September – The unofficial BYU group "Rise and Shout" holds the university's first LGBTQ alumni gathering.[193][224]
* November – A BYU survey is released, having been completed by 43% of students, in which .2% of the 12,602 who completed the survey (or 25 responders) report that their gender identity is transgender or something other than cisgender male or female.[4]: 2

#### 2018

[edit]

* March – BYU Student Life hosts the first university-hosted LGBT campus event.[225][9]
* April – After a controversy over BYU's policies around LGBT people, a conference for the US Society for Political Methodology is moved off campus citing "long-strained relations between the LGBTQ community and BYU"[226] and concerns over the university's ban on homosexual behavior which the Society repudiated along with "the intolerance it represents."[227][228][229]
* July – Church leaders' continued denial of BYU LGBT students' years of requests to form a club on campus receives national coverage.[17][18]
* November – The NCAA Common Ground IV forum is hosted at BYU.[230][231] The goal of this forum is to "establish inclusive and respectful athletics environments for participants of all sexual orientations, gender identities and religious beliefs.[232]
* November – BYU's Instagram is hosted by an out gay student for a day, and he answers questions about being a gay BYU student.[192][233]

#### 2019

[edit]

* April – At a graduation ceremony speech, the Political Science Department's valedictorian comes out as gay publicly for the first time, an event which receives national media attention.[234][235][192]
* July – Cross country runner Emma Gee becomes the first Division I athlete in BYU's 143-year history to be publicly out after coming out as bisexual.[236][237]
* November – BYU's first LGBTQ-specific on-campus center, the BYU Office of Student Success and Inclusion is formed.[238]

### 2020s

[edit]

#### 2020

[edit]

* January – The BYU Office of Student Success and Inclusion hosts a panel focused on LGBTQ+ topics at BYU.[239]
* February – BYU removed the ban on "homosexual behavior" from its Honor Code,[240] which many initially think finally allows LGBT students to perform ordinary public displays of romantic affection, although, like straight students, they still must abstain from sexual relationships outside of marriage.[240] However, BYU's leadership later clarifies that removing "homosexual behavior" from its Honor Code still does not permit any public displays of romantic affection towards a same-sex partner or same-sex dating, which sparks more protests from the LGBT community and allies.[241][69]
* March – A poll of 7,625 BYU students finds that over 13% (996) of those surveyed indicated that their sexual orientation was something other than "strictly heterosexual."[3]

#### 2021

[edit]

* March – Color the Campus, an LGBT awareness group at BYU, holds a Rainbow Day on March 4 to commemorate one year since the same-sex dating policy clarification. Rainbow Day is held about once per semester[242] to "[show love] and support for LGBTQ+ students and faculty at all CES schools", as stated on the group's Instagram page.[243] As part of the March 4 Rainbow Day, students light the Y in rainbow colors for about an hour.[244][245]
* June – BYU Pride, a student-run LGBT resource center, organizes the first pride march at BYU. More than 1,000 people march from Joaquin Park to Kiwanis Park in support of queer BYU students.[246][247]
* August \- BYU announces the opening of the Office of Belonging with BYU president Kevin Worthen stating that the office will help combat "prejudice of any kind, including that based on ... sexual orientation." This change also means the dissolution of the Office of Student Success and Inclusion (OSSI). This move sparks fear among queer students that the new office would be tightly controlled and unable to support queer students in ways the OSSI had previously.[11][248][249]
* August – Church apostle Jeffrey Holland makes a speech at BYU discussing LGBTQ people, in which he calls for more "musket fire" from BYU faculty in opposition to same-sex marriage, which draws criticism. In response, many gather to chalk supportive messages on sidewalks around campus for several days in a row. The chalking is met with verbal attacks from a student trying to erase the chalk. Students now "Chalk the Walk" at the beginning of each school year. [249][250][251][252]
* September \- Students again light the Y in anticipation of Rainbow Day and LGBT history month. Sources claim that BYU administration is informally supportive of the demonstration and puts BYU police on notice to protect students from counter protestors.[253][254]

#### 2022

[edit]

* January – BYU releases a new demonstration policy that includes a ban on all demonstrations on Y mountain, ostensibly in response to the rainbow Y lightings in October and March 2021.[255][256][253]
* February – The U.S. Department of Education dismisses the civil rights investigation of BYU regarding the university's discipline of LGBTQ students, determining that the university was acting within its rights under its approved Title IX exemptions and that the Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights lacked jurisdiction to investigate further.[257]
* February – BYU cancels care for transgender clients receiving voice therapy at its speech clinic. The American Speech–Language–Hearing Association later issued a statement saying "BYU's decision was in direct opposition to practice expected" of accredited universities.[258]
* March – The LDS Church announces new questions that the Church Educational System will ask religious leaders of potential new hires including, "Does this member have a testimony of [the church] and of its doctrine, including its teachings on marriage, family, and gender?"[259][260]
* June – Students organize the first ever BYU-approved on-campus demonstration in support of LGBTQ+ students[261]
* September – During an off-campus event by Raynbow Collective, "Back to School Pride Night", 100 protesters gather and yell slurs at the 300 LGBTQ BYU students and allies in attendance.[78][74][79]
* October – As part of the nationwide "Strike Out Queerphobia" protest, over 150 students block off 800 N in protest of anti-LGBTQ+ policies.[262][263]

#### 2023

[edit]

* March – BYU holds PEN talks, where LGBTQ+ students share their experiences.[264]
* August – BYU leadership reinstates the explicit text of the ban on "same sex romantic behavior" in the institution's Honor Code.[265]
* August – Cougar Pride Center starts a queer-inclusive choir called the "Rainbow Chorus"[266]
* August – Supportive messages are once again chalked on sidewalks adjacent to the campus, spanning hundreds of yards, in observance of the annual tradition known as "Chalk the Walk." These chalked messages are erased, rechalked to a fuller extent, and ultimately fully erased again.[83]

#### 2024

[edit]

* March – The documentary A Long Way From Heaven about LGBTQ BYU students premiers.[267]

## References

[edit]

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85. ^ a b Fletcher Stack, Peggy (November 9, 1997). "42 Percent At BYU Want Gays Kept Out; Gays Unwelcome, Say Many at BYU". The Salt Lake Tribune. p. B5. ProQuest 288817289 - via Newspapers.com. "Forty-two percent of [BYU] students think those with a same-sex orientation should not be allowed to attend the LDS Church-owned school, according to a recent survey. ... In the first study, BYU student Samuel Clayton, with the help of several faculty members, gave questionnaires anonymously to 420 students in randomly selected classes."
86. ^ a b Murphy, Barbara; Tate, Alice; Long, David; Welker, Joseph (April 10, 1979). "Homosexuality: Cause for Concern?". Daily Universe. BYU. p. 1\. "According to local psychologists who are working on homosexuality research, anywhere from 1 to 4 percent of the BYU male population have homosexual tendencies. Dr. Ford McBride, a psychologist at Timpanogos Community Mental Health Center, and Dr. Maxine Murdock, licensed psychologist at the BYU Counseling Center who works with homosexual students, estimate the figure at 4 percent. McBride said his estimate is based on extrapolation of the old Kinsey report."
87. ^ a b "Everything You Wanted to Know About BYU But Were Afraid to Ask: SR Surveys the Campus". Student Review. Provo, Utah. March 13, 1991. p. 6 - via Internet Archives. A copy of the article can be found in the BYU Library's Special Collections Department at UA 1236, Box 4, Folder 8
88. ^ a b Herbst, Casi (January 16, 2003). "Homosexuality broadcast axed". Daily Universe. BYU. LDS Church.
89. ^ Meerwijk, Esther L.; Sevelius, Jae M. (February 2017). "Transgender Population Size in the United States: a Meta-Regression of Population-Based Probability Samples". American Journal of Public Health. 107 (2). Washington D.C.: American Public Health Association: e1–e8. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303578. PMC 5227946. PMID 28075632. "[O]ur final analysis included 20 samples. Table 1 describes each of these samples in more detail. Among them, 6 samples (30%) were drawn from the general population and 14 (70%) from college and university students and adult inmates. ... The estimated proportion of transgender individuals based on surveys that categorized transgender as gender identity was 0.39% (95% confidence interval [between 0.16% and 0.62%]). ... An estimate extrapolating our meta-regression results ... suggests that the proportion of transgender adults in the United States is 0.39% ... and almost 1 million adults nationally. Our estimate of 0.39% is not quite as high as the 1% that was posited on the basis of a qualitative review of international studies."
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104. ^ Blattner, Robert L. (1975). "Counseling the Homosexual In A Church Setting". Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy. 1 (1). Association of Latter-day Saint Counselors and Psychotherapists: 1–3.
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110. ^ Harryman, Don D. (March 16, 2006). "With All Thy Getting, Get Understanding". Affirmation.
111. ^ Collins, Mark (October 16, 2011). "Theater: '14' examines violent therapy for gay Mormons in the 1970s". Daily Camera.
112. ^ Jenkins, Cloy; Williams, Lee; Williams, Jeff; Salisbury, Howard (1978). Prologue. Salt Lake City, UT: Prometheus Enterprises. p. 13\. Archived from the original on August 4, 2007 - via Affirmation.
113. ^ James, Susan (March 28, 2011). "Mormon 'Gay Cure' Study Used Electric Shocks Against Homosexual Feelings". ABC News.
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118. ^ Schafer, Bill (May 12, 2000). "Mormon Electroshock Therapy". Las Vegas Bugle - via B.H. Roberts Foundation. "'They promised me it would work, and who doesn't want to live a life that's normal and acceptable in your society and have your family embrace you?' he asks rhetorically. Therapist Ron Lawrence of Community Counseling Center in Las Vegas says this 'reparative therapy' is 'equivalent to what I would call the kind of torture that people experienced in Nazi concentration camps.' Jayce displays the scars on his hands and tells of more scars where the electrodes were placed 'on my torso, and [breathing deeply as though reliving some excruciating pain ] on my genitalia.' The words don't come easily to Jayce as he explains why he so willingly gave up his education savings [$9,000]—and put his earning potential on hold—in order to endure what Lawrence describes as 'assault and battery, abuse'. 'You're taught that the leaders of the church will never lie to you, never deceive you and you're taught to believe them blindly,' Jayce explains. 'I believed the counselors. I believed it would work. I believed that through that [reparative therapy], faith, temple attendance and prayer and fasting I would be healed. I believe that through God anything's possible. And I was told it would work. It probably sounds really naive, but I truly believed it would work.'"
119. ^ Durham, Panim. "Head of Mormon church: "Gays have a problem". Daily Kos.
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123. ^ Daines, Gordon. "Joseph F. Smith Family Living Center". BYU.
124. ^ Fletcher Stack, Peggy (November 16, 2021). "Dallin Oaks says shock therapy of gays didn't happen at BYU while he was president. Records show otherwise". The Salt Lake Tribune.
125. ^ Jarrell, Zachary (November 17, 2021). "Mormon leader denies BYU used electroshock therapy on gay students". Los Angeles Blade.
126. ^ Galliher, Renee; Bradshaw, William; Hyde, Daniel; Dehlin, John; Crowell, Katherine (April 2015). "Sexual orientation change efforts among current or former LDS church members". Journal of Counseling Psychology. 62 (2): 95–105. doi:10.1037/cou0000011. PMID 24635593 - via ResearchGate. "The LDS church claims the Holy Bible as scripture and, through traditional Biblical interpretations, has historically both condemned same-sex sexuality as sinful and explicitly encouraged its lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) members to attempt sexual orientation change. While the LDS church has somewhat softened its stance toward LGBTQ individuals in recent years, it continues to communicate to its LGBTQ members that sexual orientation change is possible through various means including prayer, personal righteousness, faith in Jesus Christ, psychotherapy, group therapy, and group retreats. In these respects, the LDS church's approach to SSA has closely paralleled other religious traditions including Orthodox Judaism, evangelical Christianity, and Roman Catholicism."
127. ^ Glitz, Michael (June 28, 2011). "'The Book Of Mormon' — Why Aren't More People Offended?". HuffPost. "What about 'Turn It Off?' In this show-stopper for Tony-nominated supporting actor Rory O'Malley as Elder McKinley, some missionaries share their approach to confusing thoughts or bad feelings. ... [W]hen you have gay thoughts for your best friend, well, 'Turn it off!' Non-believers hear hypocrisy and an absurdly simplistic solution to difficult issues: 'Turn it off/ Like a light switch/ Just go flick/ It's our nifty little Mormon trick.' ... It's not an official approach by any faith, as such, but numerous fundamentalist faiths acknowledge that some men are inherently gay. They want those men to simply tamp down these bad feelings and marry a woman anyway, because with prayer and the proper spouse and God's love you can be alright."
128. ^ Atkinson, Sally (June 7, 2011). "Clark Johnsen: From Mormon Missionary to Broadway in The Book of Mormon". Daily Beast. "On the show-stopper 'Turn It Off,' sung by a closeted missionary struggling with his sexuality. 'I'm one of the few missionaries who actually was out to myself as a gay person on my mission and out to some of my mission companions—the ones who asked. [The Book of Mormon song] 'Turn It Off' is such an insightful view into the psychology of a homosexual missionary in particular, but also into all Mormons. In the church, you don't say you're gay, you say you have homosexual tendencies, because gay is this label they want you to hopefully outgrow, which I tried to do. It didn't work."
129. ^ Fletcher Stack, Peggy; Dobner, Jennifer Dobner (November 7, 2016). "LDS Church's new 'Mormon and Gay' website wins cheers and some jeers for ignoring controversial policy". The Salt Lake Tribune.
130. ^ "Same-Sex Attraction". LDS Church. "While shifts in sexuality can and do occur for some people, it is unethical to focus professional treatment on an assumption that a change in sexual orientation will or must occur."
131. ^ Fish, Jessica N.; Russell, Stephen T. (August 2020). "Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Change Efforts are Unethical and Harmful". American Journal of Public Health. 110 (8): 1113–1114. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305765. PMC 7349462. PMID 32639919. "With substantial evidence of serious harms associated with exposure to [sexual orientation and gender identity change efforts (SOGICE)] particularly for minors, 21 states (and multiple cities and counties) have passed bipartisan laws or regulations prohibiting SOGICE. ... Furthermore, compared with LGBTQ youths with no exposure, those exposed to SOGICE showed 1.76 times greater odds of seriously considering suicide, 2.23 times greater odds of having attempted suicide, and 2.54 times greater odds of multiple suicide attempts in the previous year."
132. ^ "Andrew Evans: Travel Journalist and TV Host". National Geographic. Archived from the original on December 20, 2014.
133. ^ Evans, Andrew E. (June 8, 2017). "Rise and shout, the Cougars are out: Gay former student says BYU forced him into reparative therapy". Out Sports. Vox Media. SB Nation.
134. ^ O'Neil, Lorena (July 28, 2016). "I Spent Seven Years in Gay Conversion Therapy Programs Before Breaking Free". Esquire. Hearst Communications.
135. ^ Williams, Ben (September 1, 2011). "The birth of Mormon homophobia". QSaltLake. Salt Lake City, Utah.
136. ^ Kofoed, Earl (April 1993). "Memories of Being Gay at BYU". Affinity. Affirmation: 5, 9. Archived from the original on June 17, 2006 - via Internet Archive.
137. ^ Wilkinson, Ernest (September 23, 1965). Make Honor Your Standard (Speech). Campus-wide address. Provo, Utah: BYU - via Latter Gay Stories.
138. ^ Bracken, Seth (April 14, 2011). "Through the Years". QSaltLake - via ISSUU.
139. ^ Kimball, Spencer (July 10, 1964). A Counselling Problem in the Church. Provo, Utah: BYU. pp. 1–21 - via Internet Archive. Also available here.
140. ^ Winkler, Douglas A. (May 2008). Lavender Sons of Zion: A History of Gay Men in Salt Lake City, 1950--1979. Salt Lake City, Utah: University of Utah. ISBN 9780549493075 - via Google Books.
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142. ^ McQueen, Robert (August 13, 1975). "Outside the Temple Gates-The Gay Mormon". The Advocate. p. 14\. Archived from the original on July 19, 2008 - via Affirmation.
143. ^ Bergin, Allen. "Toward a Theory of Human Agency". New Era. LDS Church.
144. ^ Oaks, Dallin (March 27, 1974). The Popular Myth of the Victimless Crime (Speech). Commissioner's Lecture. BYU.
145. ^ Oaks, Dallin (1974). "The Popular Myth of the Victimless Crime". The LDS Church Educational System Commissioner's Lecture Series. BYU: 8 - via Internet Archive. "I believe in retaining criminal penalties on sex crimes such as adultery, fornication, prostitution, homosexuality, and other forms of deviate sexual behavior. I concede the abuses and risks of invasion of privacy that are involved in the enforcement of such crimes and therefore concede the need for extraordinary supervision of the enforcement process. I am even willing to accept a strategy of extremely restrained enforcement of private, noncommercial sexual offenses. I favor retaining these criminal penalties primarily because of the standard-setting and teaching function of these laws on sexual morality and their support of society's exceptional interest in the integrity of the family."
146. ^ Snell, Buffy (December 13, 2011). "AF Law May Backfire". Daily Herald. Provo, Utah.
147. ^ Be Ye Therefore Perfect. LDS Church. September 17, 1974. Event occurs at 24:24 - via Internet Archive. "[I]t is hard for me to understand why men wish to resemble women and why women desire to ape the men. ... Then we're appalled to find an ever-increasing number of women who want to be sexually men and many young men who wish to be sexually women. What a travesty! I tell you that, as surely as they live, such people will regret having made overtures toward the changing of their sex. Do they know better than God what is right and best for them?" Alternative youtube.com and archive.org links.
148. ^ "Davis Man Found Dead in Vehicle". Ogden Standard Examiner. Ogden, Utah. March 10, 1976. pp. 10B, 11A - via University of Utah. "Carlyle D. Marsden was found in his car along Nichols Road dead from a pistol wound of the chest."
149. ^ Weist, Larry (March 16, 1976). "Homosexual Suspects Arrested in Utah County". Daily Herald. Provo, Utah. pp. 1, 4 - via University of Utah. "Eight men were arraigned in the Pleasant Grove Precinct Justice Court Monday afternoon on charges of lewdness and sodomy stemming from alleged homosexual activity at the two rest stops on I-15 north of Orem. ... Two of the suspects were arrested and charged with an act of sodomy. One of them, a 54-year-old Salt Lake County man, died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the chest two days after his arrest, according to Serge Moore, state medical examiner. ... Funeral services for Carlyle D. Marsden, 54, of 1388 Nichols Road, Fruit Heights, who died Monday, March 8, 1976, will be Friday at 10 a.m. in the Kaysville 11th-14th LDS Ward Chapel ... Mr. Marsden was a music teacher at Eisenhower Junior High School and at [BYU]."
150. ^ "Carlyle D. Marsden (1921–1976)". Affirmation. December 29, 2011. Archived from the original on April 8, 2013 - via Internet Archive.
151. ^ a b Packer, Boyd (1978). To The One. LDS Church - via Issuu.
152. ^ "To The One". LDS Church History Library.
153. ^ "Chipman Case Appealed; Insufficient Evidence Cited". Daily Universe. BYU. May 13, 1980. p. 2.
154. ^ "Homosexual Crack Down; A Duty for BYU Security Police". Points West. Salt Lake Community College. December 5, 1979. pp. 10–11 - via University of Utah. "Non-Student Is Set Is Set Up and Arrested Kelshaw (Security Chief) admits a BYU detective wrote an unauthorized letter to a gay newspaper in Salt Lake the Open Door in an effort to obtain the names of students who would be interested in forming a 'BYU gay underground'. David Chipman not a student of BYU responded to the article and was thereby set up for later arrest. David made connection with the detective who was posing as a homosexual. The two then drove into a nearby canyon where David was arrested when he touched the groin of the officer. Chipman has pleaded innocent and his attorney has moved for dismissal on grounds of entrapment... 'The law passed on May 10 is blatantly unconstitutional for allowing police power to be used to enforce views, if not exclusively limited to, at least including in church doctrine,' said Shirley Pedler director of the American Civil Liberties Union in Utah ... Salt Lake Tribune Oct 23, 1979."
155. ^ "Chipman Found Guilty of Attempted Abuse". Daily Universe. BYU. April 8, 1980. p. 1.
156. ^ "Y. Decoy Sex Case Leads to $450 Fine". The Salt Lake Tribune. Associated Press. April 12, 1980. p. D1 - via University of Utah. Also available here.
157. ^ Murphy, Barbara; Tate, Alice; Long, David; Welker, Joseph (April 11, 1979). "LDS Views of Homosexuality". Daily Universe. BYU. p. 16.
158. ^ "KBYU Cancels Gay Documentary". Sunstone. 2 (9): 8. September 1982. "KBYU viewers who turned on their television sets August 6 to see the last in a three-part series on homosexuality in Utah heard instead an announcement that the segment had been cancelled ... The segment contained interviews with homosexual students at BYU. ...[P]roducer of the series Kevin Mitchell told the Provo Daily Herald 'I didn't want their faces shown because if they were caught, they would be kicked out of the university.'"
159. ^ Hafen, Bruce. "The Gospel and Romantic Love". BYU.
160. ^ Brown Jr., Victor. "Can the gospel of Jesus Christ help people to overcome serious problems of intimacy?". BYU. Archived from the original on January 4, 2009 - via Internet Archive.
161. ^ Brown Jr., Victor (January 1, 1986). "Healing Problems of Intimacy by Clients' Use of Gospel-Based Values and Role Definitions". BYU Studies Quarterly. 26 (1). BYU: 7, 23–24. "Recognition of inadequate treatment regimens regimes regimens may account for erroneous but widespread beliefs such as that male homosexuality is not changeable. ... Change was embedded in an accepting evaluative and loving non-erotic social milieu that provided expectations ideology and actual interpersonal experiences leading to the extinction of homosexual impulses and behaviors. ... Warren was discovering that he was not the odd man out he had believed all his life and as his gender security increased his homosexual desires decreased."
162. ^ Brown Jr., Victor L. "What is the Latter-day Saint position on homosexuality?". BYU. Archived from the original on January 4, 2009 - via Internet Archive.
163. ^ Warchol, Glen (June 30, 1986). "Prevalence of AIDS Cited Among Mormons". Cumberland Evening Times - via NewspaperArchive.com.
164. ^ Waterman, Bryan (September 1997). "Student Review and BYU: Over Ten Years of Un-Official Press (And Official Resistance) in Provo" (PDF). Sunstone. 20 (107): 52. "In 1990, the [Student Review] staff threw aside the magazine's taboos and published its 'What?!? Homosexuality HERE at BYU!?!' issue, which explored the topic from a variety of religious and social perspectives. Over the next four years gay issues took up much space in the Review—perhaps because the Review had become a semi-safe space for gay students themselves. Such articles—without exception promoting tolerance if not outright social and theological change—always drew critical response from students."
165. ^ Spring Commencement Exercises. Provo, UT: BYU. April 21, 1994. p. 21 - via Internet Archive.
166. ^ Parvaz, Rose Wilson (1994). Cross-Cultural Categories of Female Homosexuality (Masters thesis). BYU.
167. ^ Haddock, Sharon M. (October 10, 1995). "Homosexual Professor Planning to Leave BYU". Deseret News. LDS Church. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017.
168. ^ "Gay Professor Leaves BYU for Position at WSU". Deseret News. LDS Church. Associated Press. August 18, 1996. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017.
169. ^ "Gay Professor Leaves University" (PDF). Sunstone. December 1996. p. 74.
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172. ^ Haney, Jeffrey P. (January 15, 2003). "TV broadcast on sex orientation is canceled". Deseret News. LDS Church. Archived from the original on June 25, 2018.
173. ^ Robinson, Jeffrey (October 6, 2002). Homosexuality: What Works and What Doesn't Work (Speech). Families Under Fire conference. Provo, Utah: BYU. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011 - via Internet Archive.
174. ^ "Utah school broadcasts 'cure' lecture". The Advocate. January 15, 2003.
175. ^ "BYU cancels 'cure' broadcast". The Advocate. January 16, 2003.
176. ^ "About Us". Foundation for Attraction Research. Archived from the original on October 21, 2011. "Foundation for Attraction Research was founded by Dennis V. Dahle, JD; A. Dean Byrd, PhD, MBA, MPH; and Shirley E. Cox, DSW, LCSW in 2005 for the purpose of developing resources and conducting research supportive of traditional Judeo-Christian standards of morality. ... The members of the Foundation's board of directors, all of whom served as editors of Understanding Same-Sex Attraction, follow: A. Dean Byrd, PhD, MBA, MPH; Shirley E. Cox, DSW, LCSW; Dennis V. Dahle, JD; Doris R. Dant, MS, MA; William C. Duncan, JD; John P. Livingstone, EdD; M. Gawain Wells, PhD"
177. ^ "Brigham Young University's School of Social Work Annual Newsletter 2015–2016" (PDF). BYU. p. 7\. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 23, 2017.
178. ^ "'Glory' author to speak at BYU". Deseret News. LDS Church. February 23, 1999. Archived from the original on December 17, 2017 - via Internet Archive.
179. ^ Jensen, Elizabeth B. (May 15, 2003). "BYU law school faculty members defend marriage in new book" (Press release). BYU.
180. ^ a b Dahle, Dennis; Livingstone, John; Wells, Gawain (February 25, 2011). "Religion, science and same-sex attraction". The Salt Lake Tribune.
181. ^ Understanding Same-Sex Attraction: Where to Turn and How to Help. Deseret Book. 2009. ISBN 9781629731797.
182. ^ Reid, Kimberly W. (2010). "Review: Understanding Same-Sex Attraction: Where to Turn and How to Help". BYU Studies Quarterly. 49 (1): 189–190. Archived from the original on November 9, 2017. "Instead, the authors of this book assert the unpopular opinion, backed by scientific research, that same-sex attraction can be lessened or eradicated in those who desire change and are willing to try. Readers who empathize with the Church's position on homosexuality will likely find hope and useful ideas in this five-hundred-page compilation ... Here essayists recount how they emerged from homosexual lifestyles to find satisfaction in rejoining the Church mainstream, some even finding success in heterosexual marriages ... As some professional and state organizations frown on therapists who believe in reorientation therapy—seeking to ban their practice, in some cases—this book fills a void."
183. ^ "Video for AMCAP/FAR conference addressing same-sex attraction now available online". North Star. March 2013. Archived from the original on September 15, 2018.
184. ^ Vergakis, Brock (April 12, 2006). "Police arrest gay rights protesters". Casper Star Tribune.
185. ^ Nielsen, Jeffrey (June 4, 2006). "Op Ed: LDS authority and gay marriage". The Salt Lake Tribune.
186. ^ Hollingshead, Todd (June 14, 2006). "BYU fires teacher over op-ed stance". The Salt Lake Tribune.
187. ^ Dickinson, Tim (June 14, 2006). "Bigotry at BYU". Rolling Stone.
188. ^ "Utah School Denies Campus Housing to Transgender Student". QSaltLake. December 17, 2007.
189. ^ Penrod, Sam (March 22, 2007). "Gay Advocacy Group Demonstrates at BYU; Two Arrests Made". KSL.com. LDS Church.
190. ^ Hollingshead, Todd (March 23, 2007). "Gay-rights duo arrested at BYU". The Salt Lake Tribune.
191. ^ "Church Educational System Honor Code". BYU. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020 - via Internet Archives.
192. ^ a b c Petrey, Taylor (May 6, 2019). "Gays cheered at Brigham Young University – millennial Mormons are increasingly tolerant of same-sex attraction". The Conversation.
193. ^ a b Baker, Camille (September 25, 2017). "LGBTQ BYU alumni event encourages community". Daily Universe. BYU. "USGA President J.D. Goates said the mission of USGA is "to improve and save the lives of LGBTQ/SSA (Same Sex Attracted) BYU students." The USGA organization was created in 2010 when BYU authorized LGBTQ students to participate in groups, according to Goates. USGA has a leadership team of 40 students and is specifically geared towards BYU students, although it is open to anyone in the community. During the Fall and Winter semesters, USGA meetings regularly see 70-90 students in attendance, Goates said."
194. ^ a b Olsen, Jessica (January 20, 2017). "Timeline". Daily Universe. BYU.
195. ^ Fletcher Stack, Peggy (November 19, 2011). "Openly gay BYU producer, filmmaker fired". The Salt Lake Tribune.
196. ^ Winters, Rosemary (April 6, 2012). "Gay BYU students to Mormon youths: 'It gets better'". The Salt Lake Tribune.
197. ^ "Gay Mormon Students From Brigham Young University Produce 'It Gets Better' Video". HuffPost. April 6, 2012.
198. ^ Bolding, Joshua (April 6, 2012). "BYU groups seek to understand students with same-sex attraction". Deseret News. LDS Church. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012.
199. ^ Avery, Dan (April 5, 2012). "Brigham Young University's Gay-Mormon Panel Draws Crowds, Questions". Queerty. Q.Digital Company.
200. ^ a b Hales, Whitney (September 18, 2015). "Provo LGBTQ support group reacts to Elder Rasband's devotional invitation". Daily Universe. BYU.
201. ^ a b Parker, Ray. "Openly gay Mormon taught religion classes this summer at BYU". The Salt Lake Tribune.
202. ^ Dobner, Jennifer (March 27, 2015). "Ex-BYU student settles eviction lawsuit with apartment after gay-attraction dispute". The Salt Lake Tribune.
203. ^ Dobner, Jennifer (March 27, 2015). "Lawsuit: Ex-BYU student says eviction followed disclosure of 'same-sex attraction'". The Salt Lake Tribune.
204. ^ "Former BYU student settles lawsuit following eviction". Daily Herald. Provo, Utah. Associated Press. March 26, 2015. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015 - via Internet Archive.
205. ^ Rasband, Ronald. "Religious Freedom and Fairness for All". BYU.
206. ^ Rasband, Ronald. "Faith, Fairness, and Religious Freedom". Ensign. LDS Church.
207. ^ Rubio, Kathyrn (January 28, 2016). "Is Homophobia Going To Cost This Law School Its Accreditation?". Above the Law. Breaking Media.
208. ^ Knox, Annie (January 26, 2016). "National bar group looking into discrimination claim at BYU law school". The Salt Lake Tribune. "FreeBYU this summer added gay and transgender rights to their cause after the U.S. Supreme Court allowed same-sex marriage nationwide. BYU also violates ABA nondiscrimination guidelines, Levin said, by forcing some LGBT members to hide their sexual orientation and gender identity or risk expulsion. ... But breaking away from the LDS religion before graduation is against a conduct code signed by each student. So are homosexual relationships. Sex-reassignment surgery can lead to excommunication from the church, which would get students booted from the school. ... The professional organization of attorneys and law students forbids schools from "taking action" based on race, religion, gender, nationality, sexuality, age or disability."
209. ^ Nuñez, Kirsten (January 25, 2016). "BYU law school under investigation for possible discrimination". KSTU. Tribune Broadcasting. "An investigation is underway into [BYU's] law school for possible discrimination. The American Bar Association is looking at the school's standards of expelling gay and former Mormon students."
210. ^ Dodson, Braley (August 17, 2016). "American Bar Association closes discrimination complaint against BYU law school". Daily Herald. Provo, Utah. Archived from the original on January 31, 2021 - via Internet Archive.
211. ^ Jackson, Lauren (July 19, 2016). "Devotion and despair: The lonely struggle of a gay Mormon". CNN.
212. ^ Trotter, Jake (August 8, 2016). "LGBT groups: Admitting BYU would be 'inconsistent' with Big 12 values". ABC News.
213. ^ Trotter, Jake (September 22, 2016). "The latest developments in Big 12 expansion". ESPN.
214. ^ Drew, Jay (October 17, 2016). "BYU athletics: Big 12 presidents say no to expansion, leaving Cougars outside looking in". The Salt Lake Tribune.
215. ^ Stuckey, Alex; Piper, Matthew (April 20, 2016). "'I thought I was the only one': BYU protesters say they've been shamed by Honor Code practices, demand change". The Salt Lake Tribune.
216. ^ Dodson, Braley (April 20, 2016). "Protesters decry BYU Honor Code investigations for sexual assault survivors". Daily Herald. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020.
217. ^ Dodson, Braley (October 28, 2016). "LGBT BYU students explain why they chose to attend and stay". Daily Herald. Provo, Utah. Archived from the original on March 15, 2021 - via Internet Archive.
218. ^ Dodson, Braley (November 4, 2016). "Group provides a safety net for BYU's LGBT students". Daily Herald. Provo, Utah. Archived from the original on January 24, 2018.
219. ^ Dodson, Braley (November 11, 2016). "LGBT BYU students fighting suicide while facing unique mental health challenges". Daily Herald. Provo, Utah. Archived from the original on December 5, 2016 - via Internet Archive.
220. ^ Dodson, Braley (November 25, 2016). "LGBT students explain why they chose to leave BYU". Daily Herald. Provo, Utah. Archived from the original on January 29, 2019 - via Internet Archive.
221. ^ Hale, Isaac (November 27, 2016). "Herald editorial: Listen to BYU's LGBT students". Daily Herald. Provo, Utah. Archived from the original on November 28, 2016.
222. ^ "Homosexuals Hold Dance at U of U". The Utah Independent. Vol. 2, no. 20\. Salt Lake City. November 5, 1971. p. 1 - via Newspapers.com.
223. ^ "Gay Liberation Presents a Stomp". Daily Utah Chronicle. University of Utah. May 26, 1971. p. 14 - via Newspapers.com.
224. ^ Dodson, Braley (September 22, 2017). "LGBTQ BYU alumni spanning decades host first reunion". Daily Herald. Provo, Utah. Archived from the original on September 22, 2017.
225. ^ "LGBT students at BYU speak out about lack of inclusion". Seattle Times. Associated Press. March 19, 2018. "Addison Jenkins, who spoke at the first LGBT campus forum last year, said the school took a step forward Thursday by hosting the panel, the Salt Lake Tribune reported ."
226. ^ "Joint Statement on the 2018 Annual Meeting of the Society for Political Methodology" (PDF). Cambridge University Press.
227. ^ "SPM Statement about POLMETH XXXV". Society for Political Methodology.
228. ^ Flaherty, Colleen (April 17, 2018). "Political Science Group Apologizes for Holding Conference at Brigham Young". Inside Higher Ed.
229. ^ Jones, Morgan (April 18, 2018). "BYU remains enthusiastic to host the Society for Political Methodology's annual meeting despite controversy". Deseret News. LDS Church.
230. ^ Ipson, Natalie (November 8, 2018). "NCAA Common Ground IV at BYU: Asking sincere questions, finding radical hope". BYU.
231. ^ Stark-Mason, Rachel (January 22, 2019). "Breaking Ground". NCAA.
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233. ^ Manwaring, Kyle (November 10, 2018). BYU Instagram. YouTube.
234. ^ Haller, Sonja (April 29, 2019). "BYU valedictorian comes out in speech, stunning some family. 'Proud to be a gay son of God'". USA Today. Gannett Company.
235. ^ Bower, Rick (April 29, 2019). "Gay BYU student comes out in valedictorian speech". NBC News. Associated Press.
236. ^ Gleeson, Scott (July 10, 2019). "For Emma Gee, being the only out LGBTQ athlete at BYU is complicated". USA Today.
237. ^ Reeser, Andrew (July 13, 2019). "BYU track athlete comes out as bisexual: 'It was about wanting to progress'". ABC4. KTVX.
238. ^ Weaver, Jennifer. "BYU Office of Student Success and Inclusion hosts LGBTQ+ Christmas party on campus". KUTV. Sinclair Broadcast Group.
239. ^ Bigelow, Whitney (January 16, 2020). "LGBT and ally perspectives shared during campus panel on faith and sexuality". Daily Universe.
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LGBT people and the Latter Day Saint movement

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|

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Related|

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* Transgender History
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* Bloomsbury Group in LGBT history
* List of LGBTQ awareness periods
* History of LGBT animated characters

* Category

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