British Cypriots

Community in the United Kingdom

Ethnic group

British Cypriots
(Cypriots in the United Kingdom)Total population

UK residents born in Cyprus (2011 Census)
England: 78,795
Wales: 1,215
Scotland: 1,941
Northern Ireland: 344
Regions with significant populations
London, Liverpool, Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow, Bristol
Languages
English, Greek, Turkish
Religion
Majority
Christianity
Minority
Islam

The British Cypriot community in the United Kingdom consists of British people born on, or with ancestors from, the Eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus. British Cypriot people may be of Greek, Turkish, Maronite, or Armenian descent.

Migration from Cyprus to the UK has occurred in part due to the colonial links between the countries and the internal conflict that followed Cyprus' independence from the British Empire in 1960. Migration peaked at the time of independence but has continued on a smaller scale. The number of Cypriot-born people in the UK fell between the 1991 and 2001 censuses, but the community, including people of Cypriot ancestry, remains sizeable, and the Cypriot-born population grew slightly between the 2001 and 2011 censuses.

A number of famous British people are of Cypriot ancestry, including musicians George Michael, Cat Stevens and B Young, footballer Leon Osman, comedians Jamie Demetriou and Natasia Demetriou, visual artist Tracey Emin, and politician Lord Adonis.

## History

[edit]

Before the First World War, very few Cypriots migrated to the UK and the British Cypriot population at this time was around 150, according to historian Stavros Panteli.[1] Only a handful of marriages involving Cypriots are recorded at London's Greek Orthodox Cathedral of Saint Sophia in the years before 1918.[1] During the First World War many Cypriots joined the allied forces. When the British annexed Cyprus in 1914, Cypriots' political status changed and they found it easier to travel.[1]

The 1931 British Census recorded more than 1,000 Cypriot-born people, but many of these were the children of British military personnel serving in the Mediterranean.[2] However, some Greek Cypriots did migrate to the UK in the 1920s and 1930s, often finding jobs in the catering industry in Soho.[3][4] By the start of the Second World War, there were around 8,000 Cypriots in London.[5] More Cypriot immigrants arrived during the National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA)'s campaign for Cypriot independence from Britain and union with Greece, which started in 1955. In the four years of conflict, an average of 4,000 Cypriots left the island per year for the UK,[2] because of violence on the island and the fear felt by both Greek and Turkish Cypriots in mixed villages where they formed minorities.[6] Migration peaked following independence in 1960,[4] with around 25,000 Cypriots migrating in the year that followed.[2] Many migrants joined family already living in Britain.[4][6] Further migration accompanied the Turkish invasion of the island in 1974.[3] Home Office figures show that roughly 10,000 Cypriots fled to the UK, the majority of them refugees, but many of them subsequently returned to the island.[5]

In the 1960s, Greek Cypriots in London outnumbered Turkish Cypriots by four to one.[2] The increase in post-war rents in central London had forced many Cypriot immigrants to move north within the city.[4] The Greek and Turkish Cypriot communities tended to be geographically segregated, with Greeks settling mainly in Camden and Turks in Stoke Newington.[2] This was due to the migrants' reliance on social networks to find housing on their arrival.[7] Robert Winder reports that "Haringey became the second biggest Cypriot town in the world".[2] Many Cypriots set up restaurants, filling a gap left by Italians, many of whom had been interned during the Second World War.[2][4]

Much of the Turkish Cypriot migration to the UK occurred as a consequence of intercommunal violence in Cyprus during the 1950s and 1960s.[8][9] Many Turkish Cypriots viewed the EOKA insurgency as an attempt on the part of Greek Cypriots to establish hegemony on the island with the aim of achieving union with Greece.[6] By 1958, there were around 8,500 Turkish Cypriots in Britain.[6][10] Between 1960 and 1962, the inflow increased substantially because of a fear that Britain would impose immigration controls,[6] and indeed the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 did reduce migration flows from Cyprus to Britain.[11] Although the expansion of Britain's Turkish Cypriot community took place primarily between the late 1940s and the mid-1960s, there was a further influx of around 3,000 immigrants after partition in 1974.[6] Migration continued because of the political and economic situation in the 1970s and 1980s,[8][9] and Turkish Cypriots have continued to migrate to the UK due to high unemployment rates in northern Cyprus.[12] In the early 1980s, it was estimated that 160,000 Cypriots were resident in the UK, 20 to 25 per cent of them being Turkish Cypriots.[11] After Cyprus joined the European Union in May 2004, holders of Republic of Cyprus passports were able to migrate freely to the UK under EU law until Brexit.[13]

According to the BBC, while divisions and resentment exist between Greek and Turkish Cypriots in the UK, particularly amongst those old enough to remember atrocities committed in Cyprus, "if differences of opinion exist, both sides have learnt to live together regardless". Community relations are generally good, with Turkish Cypriot community centres welcoming Greek Cypriots and vice versa.[3] In oral history interviews conducted by academic Nergis Canefe in the late 1990s, Turkish Cypriots in London tended to define themselves as Anglo-Cypriot, particularly if they were born in the UK. Canefe notes that her interviewees were proud to be Cypriot, but also of being British and not Turkish. They had Turkish friends, but also close Greek and Greek Cypriot friends. The neighbourhoods they inhabited tended to be ethnically mixed, and often shared with Greeks and Greek Cypriots.[14]

## Demographics

[edit]

### Population

[edit]

Christos Karaolis, President of the National Federation of Cypriots in the UK. Baroness Hussein-Ece, member of the House of Lords.

Cyprus appeared amongst the top ten non-British countries of birth for the first time in the 1961 Census, which recorded 42,000 Cypriot-born people living in England and Wales. This number peaked in the 1981 Census, at 83,000.[15] The 2001 Census recorded 77,673 Cypriot-born people residing in the whole of the UK.[16] The number of Cypriot-born people in Great Britain fell from 78,191 in 1991 to 77,156 in 2001, one of the few country-of-birth groups to experience a decrease in numbers.[17] According to the 2011 UK Census, there were 78,795 Cypriot-born residents in England, 1,215 in Wales,[18] 1,941 in Scotland,[19] and 344 in Northern Ireland.[20][21] More recent estimates by the Office for National Statistics put the number of Cypriot-born residents in the UK as a whole at 60,000 in 2015.[22]

British Cypriot people include those of Greek-, Turkish-, Maronite-, or Armenian-Cypriot descent.[23] The National Federation of Cypriots in the UK, an umbrella organisation representing the Cypriot community associations and groups across the UK with largely Greek Cypriot memberships,[24] claims to represent more than 300,000 people of Cypriot ancestry.[25] A similar figure was given by then Minister for Europe Caroline Flint, who, giving a speech at the London School of Economics in February 2009, stated that more than 300,000 Greek and Turkish Cypriots were living in the UK.[26] This figure was repeated by the then Minister for Europe, Leo Docherty, at the Celebration of Cyprus Gala Dinner in January 2023, organised by the National Federation of Cypriots in the UK.[27]

Estimates on the Turkish Cypriot population vary according to figures on the Turkish Cypriot-born population and that of estimates which include UK-born descendants. A 1993 report by the Council of Europe said that 100,000 Turkish Cypriots had settled in England (i.e. excluding descendants).[28] The Turkish consulate in London has said that 130,000 TRNC nationals were living in the UK;[29] this was reiterated in a 2009 report by the Department for Communities and Local Government which said that this is not a "true indication" of the population because it "excludes British born and dual heritage children".[30] More recently, evidence submitted by the Home Office to the House of Commons Home Affairs Select Committee in February 2011 suggested that there were about 300,000 people of Turkish Cypriot origin living in the UK.[31] The estimate of 300,000 people of Turkish Cypriot origin has also been suggested by Professor Levent Vahdettin et al. in 2016,[32] Professor Michael Freeman et al. in 2021,[33] as well as reports published by the BBC (2011)[34] and The Enfield Independent (2018).[35] In a 2020 report published by the TRNC Public Information Office, Ersin Tatar said that there was now more than 300,000 Turkish Cypriots in the UK.[36] A 2011 report by Kıbrıs had already suggested that there could be 400,000 Turkish Cypriots in the UK.[37] More recently, in 2019, Arthur Scott-Geddes of The National said that "as many as 400,000 Turkish Cypriots" were "concentrated in the areas of north and north-east London including Hackney, Enfield and Haringey".[38] The Anadolu Agency also said 400,000 Turkish Cypriots were living in London.[39]

Of the 80,010 people in England and Wales who specified their country of birth as Cyprus in the 2011 Census, 57.5 per cent stated that they were Christian, 20.8 per cent that they were Muslim, 13.1 per cent responded that they had no religion, and 7.9 per cent did not state a religion. Small numbers of Buddhists, Hindus, Jews, Sikhs and those of other religions were recorded, totaling 0.6 per cent of the Cypriot-born resident population.[40]

### Population distribution

[edit]

Of the 80,010 Cypriot-born residents of England and Wales recorded by the 2011 Census, 43,428 were in London and 8,254 in South East England.[18] Detailed analysis of data from the previous census shows that of the 77,156 Cypriot-born people living in mainland Britain, 60 per cent lived in areas of London with Turkish communities. A total of 45,887 were resident in Greater London.[17] Analysis of the census shows that Cypriot-born people were found in large numbers in the London boroughs of Enfield, Haringey, Barnet and Hackney.[41] The census tracts with the highest number of Cypriot-born people were Southgate, Palmers Green, Upper Edmonton, Cockfosters, Lower Edmonton, Tottenham North and Tottenham South.[17] Outside of London, concentrations are found in Borehamwood, Cheshunt, and Bristol.[41]

## Notable individuals

[edit]

George Michael Touker Suleyman Fatima Whitbread

Main article: List of British people of Cypriot descent

A number of British Cypriot people are well known in the UK and overseas.

In the Greek Cypriot community, these include George Michael, who was born in London to a Greek Cypriot father;[42] Cat Stevens, who was also born in London to a Greek Cypriot father;[43] entrepreneur Stelios Haji-Ioannou;[44] Andreas Liveras, a Greek Cypriot-born businessman killed in the 2008 Mumbai attacks;[45] Theo Paphitis, an entrepreneur and TV personality;[46] Greek Cypriot-born artist Panayiotis Kalorkoti;[47] Politician Andrew Adonis's father is a Greek Cypriot who moved to the UK aged 18,[48] and both of Labour MP Bambos Charalambous's parents were born in Cyprus.[49]

Many Turkish Cypriots have also contributed to the arts, literature, music, sciences, sports and politics in the UK. Mustafa Djamgoz is Professor of Cancer Biology at Imperial College London and Chairman of the College of Medicine’s Science Council;[50] Tracey Emin, CBE, (Turkish Cypriot father) is an artist and a Royal Academician of the Royal Academy of Arts;[51][52] Touker Suleyman is a fashion retail entrepreneur and a "dragon" on Dragon's Den;[53] Hussein Chalayan, MBE, is the winner of the British Designer of the Year in 1999 and 2000;[54] Selin Kiazim is a celebrity chef and winner of the Great British Menu;[55] Ramadan Güney was the founder of the first Turkish mosque in the UK (Shacklewell Lane Mosque) and former owner of the UK's largest cemetery Brookwood Cemetery;[56][57] Richard Hickmet was the first British-Turkish Cypriot politician who was a Conservative MP in 1983–87;[58] Meral Hussein-Ece, OBE, is the first Turkish Cypriot member of the House of Lords;[53] Alp Mehmet, MVO, was the first of two foreign-born politicians to be appointed ambassador by the UK, having served in Iceland in 2004;[53] and Emma Edhem is a lawyer and councilwoman of the City of London Corporation.[53] In music, notable performers include Erol Alkan;[59] Işın Karaca (Turkish Cypriot mother)[60] Ziynet Sali[61] and B Young.[62] Notable sportspeople include Paralympic swimmer Dervis Konuralp (Turkish Cypriot father);[63] boxing trainer Adam Booth (Turkish Cypriot father);[64] snooker player Michael Georgiou;[65] and numerous football players, including Muzzy Izzet[66] and Colin Kazim-Richards[67] who have played for the Turkey national football team; Billy Mehmet who plays for the Turkish Cypriot national football team;[68] and Rhian Brewster (Turkish Cypriot mother) who currently plays for the England national under-21 football team.[69]

British athlete and former world javelin champion Fatima Whitbread was born in London[70] to a Turkish Cypriot mother and Greek Cypriot father, though she was later adopted.[71]

## See also

[edit]

* Cyprus portal
* United Kingdom portal

* Cyprus–United Kingdom relations
* Greek Cypriot diaspora
* Greeks in the United Kingdom
* Turkish Cypriot diaspora
* Turks in the United Kingdom
* British Overseas citizen#Cyprus

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Panteli, Stavros. "The Greek Cypriot diaspora: An overview of the UK experience". Cypriot Diaspora Project. Archived from the original on 28 May 2008. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
2. ^ a b c d e f g Winder, Robert (2004). Bloody Foreigners: The Story of Immigration to Britain. London: Abacus. pp. 360–62\. ISBN 0-349-11566-4.
3. ^ a b c "Cypriot London". BBC London. 13 May 2008. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
4. ^ a b c d e "Greek Cypriot London". Museum of London. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
5. ^ a b Orphanides, Kika (1986). "The Cypriot Community in Britain". In Coombe, Vivienne; Little, Alan (eds.). Race & Social Work: A Guide to Training. London: Routledge. pp. 80–87\. ISBN 0-422-79380-9.
6. ^ a b c d e f Humayun, Ansari (2004). 'The Infidel Within': Muslims in Britain Since 1800. London: C Hurst & Co. pp. 153–54\. ISBN 1-85065-685-1.
7. ^ Rutter, Jill; with Cooley, Laurence; Reynolds, Sile; Sheldon, Ruth (2007). From Refugee to Citizen: 'Standing on My Own Two Feet' — A Research Report on Integration, 'Britishness' and Citizenship (PDF). London: Refugee Support. p. 15.
8. ^ a b Robins, Kevin; Aksoy, Asu (2001). "From spaces of identity to mental spaces: Lessons from Turkish-Cypriot cultural experience in Britain". Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 27 (4): 685–711\. doi:10.1080/13691830120090458. S2CID 143467551.
9. ^ a b "Turkish Cypriot London". Museum of London. Archived from the original on 8 January 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
10. ^ Bhatti, F.M. (1981). Turkish Cypriots in London. Research Papers. Vol. 11\. Birmingham: Centre for the Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations.
11. ^ a b Yilmaz, Ihsan (2005). Muslim Laws, Politics and Society in Modern Nation States: Dynamic Legal Pluralisms in England, Turkey, and Pakistan. Aldershot: Ashgate. p. 154\. ISBN 978-0-7546-4389-0.
12. ^ Østergaard-Nielsen, Eva (2003). "The democratic deficit of diaspora politics: Turkish Cypriots in Britain and the Cyprus issue". Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 29 (4): 683–700\. doi:10.1080/1369183032000123459. S2CID 145528555.
13. ^ Drew, Catherine; Sriskandarajah, Dhananjayan (January 2007). "EU enlargement in 2007: No warm welcome for labor migrants". Migration Information Source. Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved 10 January 2009.
14. ^ Canefe, Nergis (2004). "Communal memory and Turkish Cypriot national history: Missing links". In Todorova, Maria (ed.). Balkan Identities: Nation and Memory. London: C. Hurst & Co. pp. 77–102\. ISBN 978-1850657156.
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18. ^ a b "2011 Census: Country of birth (expanded), regions in England and Wales". Office for National Statistics. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
19. ^ "Country of birth (detailed)" (PDF). National Records of Scotland. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
20. ^ "Country of Birth - Full Detail: QS206NI". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
21. ^ "2011 Census Data - Revisions and Issues" (PDF). Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 26 March 2015. p. 4. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
22. ^ "Table 1.3: Overseas-born population in the United Kingdom, excluding some residents in communal establishments, by sex, by country of birth, January 2015 to December 2015". Office for National Statistics. 25 August 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016. Figure given is the central estimate. See the source for 95% confidence intervals.
23. ^ Georgiou, Myria (2001). "Crossing the boundaries of the ethnic home: Media consumption and ethnic identity construction in the public space: The case of the Cypriot Community Centre in North London". International Communication Gazette. 63 (4): 311–329\. doi:10.1177/0016549201063004003. S2CID 143795956.
24. ^ Chaglar, Alkan (November 2007). "National Federation of UK Cypriots reaches out to Turkish Cypriots". Toplum Postasi. Archived from the original on 14 August 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2008.
25. ^ "About us". National Federation of Cypriots in the UK. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
26. ^ "Cyprus settlement: who benefits?". Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 25 February 2009. Archived from the original on 2012-09-29. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
27. ^ Alexandrou, George. "Celebration of Cyprus Gala Dinner - National Federation of Cypriots". Retrieved 2025-01-15.
28. ^ European Population Conference: Proceedings, Geneva, vol. 2, Council of Europe, 1993, p. 353, ISBN 9789287125514, "The number of Turkish Cypriots now living in Turkey is about 300 000 while the number of those who have settled in England is 100 000. There are also approximately 30 000 Turkish Cypriots living in Australia and about 6 000 in Canada and the U.S.A."
29. ^ "Turkish community in the UK". Consulate General for the Republic of Turkey in London. Archived from the original on 4 March 2008. Retrieved 5 January 2010. "Please note that approximately 130,000 nationals of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, whose mother tongue is Turkish, are living in the UK as well."
30. ^ "The Turkish and Turkish Cypriot Muslim Community in England" (PDF). Department for Communities and Local Government. 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2018. "In addition, there are estimated to be 130,000 Turkish Cypriots in the UK. It is unlikely that any of the official figures available provide a true indication of the size of the Turkish speaking population in the country as much of the official data is only available by country of birth and excludes British born and dual heritage children"
31. ^ Home Affairs Committee (1 August 2011). "Implications for the Justice and Home Affairs area of the accession of Turkey to the European Union" (PDF). The Stationery Office. p. Ev 34. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
32. ^ Vahdettin, Levent; Aksoy, Seçil; Öz, Ulaş; Orhan, Kaan (2016), Three-dimensional cephalometric norms of Turkish Cypriots using CBCT images reconstructed from a volumetric rendering program in vivo, Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, "Recent estimates suggest that there are now 500,000 Turkish Cypriots living in Turkey, 300,000 in the United Kingdom, 120,000 in Australia, 5000 in the United States, 2000 in Germany, 1800 in Canada, and 1600 in New Zealand with a smaller community in South Africa."
33. ^ Freeman, Michael; Ellena, Katherine; Kator-Mubarez, Amina (2021), The Global Spread of Islamism and the Consequences for Terrorism, University of Nebraska Press, p. 83, ISBN 9781640124165, "there are now around 300,000 Turkish Cypriots in the United Kingdom."
34. ^ Turkish Delight?, BBC, 2011, retrieved 10 January 2021, "Yasmeen Khan looks behind the shopfront at a community with a history and cultural variety that has depth and richness. In fact Turkish influence on this country began with the arrival of coffee houses in the 17th century. Now it is estimated that there are 150,000 immigrants from mainland Turkey as well as 300,000 Turkish Cypriots, many leaving Cyprus during the 50's and 60's during the internal war."
35. ^ Lacey-Davidson, Mattie (2018), Turkish Cypriot festival to celebrate culture, Enfield Independent, retrieved 10 January 2021, "Organised by the Council of Turkish Cypriot Associations in Britain (CTCA UK), the national body for the UK's 300,000-strong community..."
36. ^ Tatar wants UK to support two-state solution in Cyprus, TRNC Public Information Office, 2020, retrieved 10 January 2021, "Tatar said that more than 300,000 Turkish Cypriots live in the UK."
37. ^ Cemal, Akay (2 June 2011). "Dıştaki gençlerin askerlik sorunu çözülmedikçe…". Kıbrıs Gazetesi. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
38. ^ Scott-Geddes, Arthur (2019), London's Turkish restaurants take a hit in uncertain times, The National, retrieved 10 January 2021, "Almost 90 per cent of the UK's Turkish population lives in London, including as many as 400,000 Turkish Cypriots concentrated in areas of north and north-east London including Hackney, Enfield and Haringey."
39. ^ Kartal, Ahmet Gurhan (2019), Turkish minority in UK ready for Thursday's polls, Anadolu Agency, retrieved 10 January 2021, "Around 400,000 Cypriot Turks and 200,000 Turks live mostly in the north London neighborhoods of Dalston, Stoke Newington, Haringey, Walthamstow and Enfield."
40. ^ "CT0265 - Country of birth by year of arrival by religion". Office for National Statistics. 10 October 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
41. ^ a b Kyambi, Sarah (2005). Beyond Black and White: Mapping New Immigrant Communities. London: Institute for Public Policy Research. pp. 60–61\. ISBN 1-86030-284-X.
42. ^ "George Michael's highs and lows". BBC News. 21 September 2008. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
43. ^ Frith, Maxine (23 September 2004). "US deports Yusuf Islam over claims that he supports terrorist groups". The Independent. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
44. ^ Boyle, Catherine (15 November 2008). "Business big shot: Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou, entrepreneur". The Times. London. Archived from the original on June 12, 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
45. ^ Naughton, Philippe (2008-11-27). "British yachting tycoon Andreas Liveras killed in Bombay terror attacks". The Times. London. Retrieved 7 December 2008.[dead link]
46. ^ "Talking Shop: Theo Paphitis". BBC News. 21 July 2008. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
47. ^ "Panayiotis Kalorkoti (1957–)". British Council. Archived from the original on 2015-02-27. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
48. ^ Edemariam, Aida (10 May 2013). "Andrew Adonis interview: 'I learned to survive very young'". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
49. ^ "Labour select Cypriot MP candidate for Enfield Southgate". Parikiaki. 10 March 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
50. ^ Turkish Forum UK to hold a conference about cancer, London Turkish Gazette, 2018, retrieved 7 January 2021, "Prof. Mustafa Camgöz is a Professor of cancer biology at Imperial College London and chairman of the College of Medicine's Science Council. Djamgoz was born in Nicosia, Cyprus to a Turkish Cypriot family.He migrated to the United Kingdom in 1970 for his studies."
51. ^ Tracey Emin, TATE, retrieved 7 January 2021
52. ^ Jones, Jonathan (2020), "When Tracey was Traci: Emin's unseen early paintings published for the first time", The Guardian, retrieved 7 January 2021, "Emin's father, Enver, was Turkish Cypriot..."
53. ^ a b c d UK Turkish Cypriots meet Prince Charles, as Greek Cypriot leader Anastasiades gets red carpet treatment at Buckingham Palace, 2019, retrieved 7 January 2021, "Successful British Turkish Cypriots were among the guests at a Buckingham Palace event hosted by Prince Charles to "celebrate the Cypriot diaspora in the UK". Baroness Hussein-Ece, artist Tracey Emin, businessman and Dragon's Den star Touker Süleyman, lawyer Emma Edhem and former British Ambassador to Iceland Alp Mehmet attended the glitzy do."
54. ^ Porter, Charlie (2011), "Fashion star Chalayan 'files for liquidation'", The Guardian, retrieved 7 January 2021, "Hussein Chalayan, British designer of the year and one of the fashion ... Chalayan, a Turkish-Cypriot who has lived in London since he was 12..."
55. ^ Selin Kiazim, BBC, retrieved 7 January 2021, "London born and bred to Turkish-Cypriot parents, Selin developed her love of cooking at an early age."
56. ^ Brookwood Cemetery. "Ramadan H. Guney: 1932-2006". Archived from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
57. ^ Bartholomew, Emma (2018), 'How my father set up the UK's first Turkish mosque': Erkin Gunay looks back to Masjid Ramadan's beginnings in 1977, Hackney Gazette, retrieved 7 January 2021
58. ^ Özerim, İpek (2018), Turkish Cypriot Emina Ibrahim selected as deputy leader of Haringey Council, T-Vine, retrieved 7 January 2021, "Conservative Richard Hickmet, a lawyer by profession whose parents were from Cyprus."
59. ^ "T in the Park: Erol Alkan". BBC. Retrieved 8 January 2021. "Erol Alkan is a London-based electro DJ of Cypriot Turkish descent"
60. ^ Işın Karaca'nın hayatı ve çocukları hakkında bilgiler, Hürriyet, 2020, retrieved 8 January 2021, "Işın Funda Büyükkaraca ya da sahne adıyla Işın Karaca , 7 Mart 1973 tarihinde . Kıbrıslı restoran işletmecisi Şeniz Büyükkaraca ile Afyonlu emlakçı olan Ali Büyükkaraca'nın ilk çocukları olarak dünyaya geldi. Londra'da doğan Işın Karaca, öğrencilik yıllarında başladığı müzik hayatını Londra IV King Edward Okulu'nda Tiyatro okurken de sürdürdü."
61. ^ "Kıbrıs'taki evde Rum ganimeti var". Hürriyet. 2010. Retrieved 2011-01-28. "Türk vatandaşı mısın? - Çift pasaportum var. Kıbrıs ve ıngiliz vatandaşıyım. Ama ben Türk'üm ve Kıbrıs'ı asla Türkiye'den ayrı düşünmüyorum."
62. ^ Adegoke, Yomi (2018), "'Everybody is looking at us right now': meet the young British pop stars reclaiming the charts", The Guardian, retrieved 8 January 2021, "B Young is of Turkish-Cypriot heritage..."
63. ^ Dervish Konuralp: Paralympic Swimmer, London Centre for Social Studies, archived from the original on 11 January 2021, retrieved 9 January 2021, "Konuralp was born in Hackney to a Turkish Cypriot father and an English mother."
64. ^ Kimmage, Paul (2009), "David Haye: my mum says I'm not allowed to have a tattoo", The Times, retrieved 8 January 2021, "Adam Booth is his coach. Booth's father is a Turkish Cypriot."[dead link]
65. ^ Haigh, Phil (2019-11-11). "Northern Ireland Open is Georgiou's new home event after 'culture shock' move". Metro. Retrieved 2021-11-15.
66. ^ Colchester United: Kem Izzet considers management future, BBC, 2013, retrieved 9 January 2021, "Kem Izzet is the brother of the former Leicester City and Turkey midfielder Muzzy Izzet. Both men were born in London to a Turkish-Cypriot father"
67. ^ "Colin Kazim-Richards: 'It's incredible, like being a movie star. It's so intense'", The Independent, 2011, retrieved 9 January 2021, "hen Rodney Richards registered his son Colin, 21 years ago, an error had not crept into the paperwork and Colin Kazim Richards had not become Colin Kazim- Richards. A middle name designed as a nod to the Turkish-Cypriot background of his mother Emine (Rodney is Antiguan), became half of one of the most unusual names in football."
68. ^ Coming Home - Billy Mehmet inspiring Northern Cyprus at the CONIFA World Football Cup, Goal, 2018, retrieved 9 January 2021, "After a globetrotting career, Mehmet decided at the age of 32 to reconnect with the country of his father's birth, and signed to play for Alsancak Yesilova, located in the partially recognised Turkish Republic that comprises the north-eastern portion of Cyprus."
69. ^ Cole, Jackson (2019), WHO ARE YA? Who is Rhian Brewster? 10 things you didn't know about Liverpool wonderkid who could feature against Arsenal in Carabao Cup, Talksport, retrieved 8 January 2021, "His mother is Turkish Cypriot making him eligible for Turkey or Cyprus and his father is from Barbados."
70. ^ "Fatima Whitbread". UK Athletics. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
71. ^ Jackson, Jamie (2 March 2003). "Triumph and despair: Fatima Whitbread". Observer Sport Monthly. Retrieved 6 March 2015.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Teerling, Janine (2013). The "Return" of British-Born Cypriots to Cyprus: A Narrative Ethnography. Eastbourne: Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 9781845195885.

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