British Invasion

Cultural phenomenon of the mid-late 1960s

This article is about the cultural phenomenon of the mid-late 1960s. For other uses, see British Invasion (disambiguation).

British InvasionPart of the Swinging Sixties and the broader counterculture of the 1960s

The arrival of the Beatles in the United States in 1964 marked the start of the British Invasion.[1]

Date| 1964[1]–1969[2]
Location| United Kingdom and United States
Outcome| British influence on the music of the United States

The British Invasion was a cultural phenomenon of the mid-late 1960s, when rock and pop music acts from the United Kingdom[3] and other aspects of British culture became popular in the United States with significant influence on the rising "counterculture" on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.[4] British pop and rock groups such as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, Bee Gees, Gerry and the Pacemakers, the Who, the Kinks,[5] the Zombies, Small Faces, the Dave Clark Five,[6] the Spencer Davis Group, the Yardbirds, Them, Manfred Mann,[7] the Searchers, Billy J. Kramer and the Dakotas, Freddie and the Dreamers, the Hollies, Herman's Hermits, Chad and Jeremy, Peter and Gordon, the Animals, the Moody Blues, the Mindbenders, the Troggs, John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers, Cream, Traffic, the Pretty Things, Pink Floyd, and Procol Harum, as well as solo singers such as Dusty Springfield, Cilla Black, Petula Clark, Tom Jones, Donovan, and Marianne Faithfull were at the forefront of the "invasion."[8]

Chart of Billboard Hot 100 number-ones by British artists, by weeks

## Background

[edit]

The rebellious tone and image of American rock and roll and blues musicians became popular with British youth in the late 1950s. While early commercial attempts to replicate American rock and roll mostly failed, the trad jazz–inspired skiffle craze,[9] with its do-it-yourself attitude, produced two top-ten hits in the US by Lonnie Donegan.[10][11] Young British groups started to combine various British and American styles in different parts of the United Kingdom, such as the movement in Liverpool known as Merseybeat or the "beat boom".[1][12][13][14]

While American acts were popular in the United Kingdom, few British acts had achieved any success in the United States prior to 1964. Cliff Richard, who was the best-selling British act in the United Kingdom at the time, had only one Top 40 hit in the US, with "Living Doll" in 1959. Along with Donegan, exceptions to this trend were the US number-one hits "Auf Wiederseh'n, Sweetheart" by Vera Lynn in 1952 (Lynn also had a lower-charting, but more enduring, hit in "We'll Meet Again"), "He's Got the Whole World in His Hands" by Laurie London in 1958, and the instrumentals "Stranger on the Shore" by Acker Bilk and "Telstar" by the Tornados, both in 1962.[15] Also on the Hot 100, "Manhattan Spiritual" by Reg Owen and His Orchestra" reached number ten in February 1959, Hayley Mills' "Let's Get Together" from The Parent Trap peaked number eight in October 1961,[16] and in 1962, "Midnight in Moscow" by Kenny Ball reached number two in March, the Springfields' version of "Silver Threads and Golden Needles" peaked at number twenty in September, and Frank Ifield's "I Remember You" reached number five in October.[17]

Some observers have noted that American teenagers were growing tired of singles-oriented pop acts like Fabian and the "Bobby"s: Bobby Darin, Bobby Vinton, Bobby Rydell, Bobby Vee etc.[18] The Mods and Rockers, two youth "gangs" in mid-1960s Britain, also had an impact in British Invasion music. Bands with a Mod aesthetic became the most popular, but bands able to balance both (e.g., the Beatles) were also successful.[19]

## Beatlemania

[edit]

Main article: Beatlemania

See also: Cultural impact of the Beatles and The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show

Fans and media swarm the Beatles at Schiphol Airport in the Netherlands in 1964.

In October 1963, the first newspaper articles about the frenzy in England surrounding the Beatles appeared nationally in the US.[20] The Beatles' 4 November Royal Variety Performance in front of the Queen Mother sparked music industry and media interest in the group.[20] During November, a number of major American print outlets and two network television evening programs published and broadcast stories on the phenomenon that became known as "Beatlemania".[20][21]

On 10 December, CBS Evening News anchor Walter Cronkite, looking for something positive to report, re-ran a Beatlemania story that originally aired on the 22 November edition of the CBS Morning News with Mike Wallace but was shelved that night because of the assassination of US President John Kennedy.[20][22] After seeing the report, 15-year-old Marsha Albert of Silver Spring, Maryland, wrote a letter the following day to disc jockey Carroll James at radio station WWDC asking, "Why can't we have music like that here in America?"[22]

On 17 December, James had Miss Albert introduce "I Want to Hold Your Hand" live on the air.[22] WWDC's phones lit up, and Washington, D.C., area record stores were flooded with requests for a record they did not have in stock.[22] James sent the record to other disc jockeys around the country, sparking similar reaction.[20] On 26 December, Capitol Records released the record three weeks ahead of schedule.[22] The release of the record during a time when teenagers were on vacation helped spread Beatlemania in the US.[22] On 29 December, The Baltimore Sun, reflecting the dismissive view of most adults, editorialised, "America had better take thought as to how it will deal with the invasion. Indeed a restrained 'Beatles go home' might be just the thing."[20] In the next year alone, the Beatles would have thirty different listings on the Hot 100.[23]

Ed Sullivan and the Beatles, February 1964

On 3 January 1964, The Jack Paar Program ran Beatles concert footage licensed from the BBC "as a joke", but it was watched by 30 million viewers. While this piece was largely forgotten, Beatles producer George Martin has said it "aroused the kids' curiosity".[20] In the middle of January 1964, "I Want to Hold Your Hand" appeared suddenly, then vaulted to the top of nearly every top forty music survey in the US, launching the Fab Four's sustained, massive output. "I Want to Hold Your Hand" ascended to number one on the 25 January 1964 edition of Cash Box magazine (on sale January 18)[22] and the 1 February 1964 edition of the Hot 100.[24] On 7 February 1964, the CBS Evening News ran a story about the Beatles' US arrival that afternoon, of which Walter Cronkite said, "The British Invasion this time goes by the code name Beatlemania."[25]

Two days later, on Sunday, 9 February, the group appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show. Nielsen Ratings estimated that 45 percent of American television viewers that night saw their appearance.[14] According to Michael Ross, "It is somewhat ironic that the biggest moment in the history of popular music was first experienced in the US as a television event." The Ed Sullivan Show had for some time been a "comfortable hearth-and-slippers experience." Not many of the 73 million viewers watching in February 1964 would fully understand what impact the band they were watching would have.[26]

> In [1776] England lost her American colonies. Last week the Beatles took them back.[27]

– Life magazine, early 1964

The Beatles soon incited contrasting reactions and, in the process, generated more novelty records than anyone — at least 200 during 1964–1965 and more inspired by the "Paul is dead" rumour in 1969.[28] Among the many reactions favouring the hysteria were British girl group the Carefrees' "We Love You Beatles" (No. 39 on 11 April 1964)[29] and the Patty Cakes' "I Understand Them", subtitled "A Love Song to the Beatles".[30] Disapproving of the pandemonium were US group the Four Preps' "A Letter to the Beatles" (No. 85 on 4 April 1964)[31] and US comedian Allan Sherman's "Pop Hates the Beatles".[32]

The Beatles held number 1 for a then-record fourteen straight weeks, from 1 February through 2 May, but performed even better on Cash Box, holding number 1 for sixteen straight weeks, from 25 January, the week before, through 9 May, the week after. On 4 April, the Beatles held the top five positions on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart; no other act had simultaneously held even the top four.[14][33][34] The Beatles also held the top five positions on Cash Box's singles chart that same week, with the first two positions reversed from the Hot 100.[35] The group's massive chart success, which included at least two of their singles holding the top spot on the Hot 100 during each of the seven consecutive years starting with 1964, continued until they broke up in 1970.[14]

## Beyond the Beatles

[edit]

One week after the Beatles entered the Hot 100 for the first time, Dusty Springfield, having launched a solo career after her participation in the Springfields, became the next British act to reach the Hot 100, peaking at number twelve with "I Only Want to Be with You".[36][nb 1] During the next three years, many more British acts with a chart-topping US single would appear.[nb 2] As 1965 approached, another wave of British Invasion artists emerged. These were usually composed of groups playing in a more pop style, such as the Hollies or the Zombies, as well as artists with a harder-driving, blues-based approach like the Dave Clark Five, the Kinks, and the Rolling Stones.[56][57][58] By 17 April, British acts accounted for 30 records in the Hot 100,[59] and on 8 May, they accounted for eight of the nine British Commonwealth's entries that made a nearly clean sweep of that weekly Hot 100's Top Ten, lacking only a hit at number two instead of Gary Lewis & the Playboys' "Count Me In".[60] On 1 May, the British Commonwealth also nearly swept the Cash Box singles chart's Top Ten, lacking only a hit at number six instead of "Count Me In". The British Commonwealth also held down the top six on the Hot 100 on 1 May and the top six on Cash Box singles chart's Top Ten on 24 April.[61] That same year, half of the 26 Billboard Hot 100 chart toppers (counting the Beatles' "I Feel Fine", carrying over from 1964) and the number one position on 28 of the 52 chart weeks belonged to British acts.[62] The British trend would continue into 1966 and beyond.[63] British Invasion acts also dominated the music charts at home in the United Kingdom.[56]

The musical style of British Invasion artists, such as the Beatles, had been influenced by earlier American rock 'n' roll, a genre that had lost some popularity and appeal by the time of the Invasion. However, a subsequent handful of British performers, particularly the Rolling Stones and the Animals, would appeal to a more 'outsider' demographic, essentially reviving and popularising, for young people at least, a musical genre rooted in the blues, rhythm, and black culture,[64] which had been largely ignored or rejected when performed by black American artists in the 1950s.[65] Such bands were sometimes perceived by American parents and elders as rebellious and unwholesome, unlike parent-friendly pop groups such as the Beatles. The Rolling Stones would become the biggest band other than the Beatles to come out of the British Invasion,[66] topping the Hot 100 eight times.[67] Sometimes, there would be a clash between the two styles of the British Invasion, the polished pop acts and the grittier blues-based acts, due to the expectations set by the Beatles. Eric Burdon of the Animals said, "They dressed us up in the most strange costumes. They were even gonna bring a choreographer to show us how to move on stage. I mean, it was ridiculous. It was something that was so far away from our nature and, um, yeah we were just pushed around and told, 'When you arrive in America, don't mention the [Vietnam] war! You can't talk about the war.' We felt like we were being gagged."[68]

"Freakbeat" is a term sometimes given to certain British Invasion acts closely associated with the Mod scene during the Swinging London period, particularly harder-driving British blues bands of the era that often remained obscure to American listeners, and who are sometimes seen as counterparts to the garage rock bands in America.[69][70] Certain acts, such as the Pretty Things and the Creation, had a certain degree of chart success in the UK and are often considered exemplars of the form.[71][72][73] The emergence of a relatively homogeneous worldwide "rock" music style marking the end of the "invasion" occurred in 1967.[1]

## Other cultural impacts

[edit]

Outside of music, other aspects of British arts and engineering, such as BSA motorcycles, became popular in the US during this period and led American media to proclaim the United Kingdom as the center of music and fashion.

### Film and television

[edit]

> Julie [Andrews] became a movie queen by falling very smartly into step with the recent vogue in America for almost anything labeled British.[74]

– Life magazine, April 1967.

The Beatles' A Hard Day's Night marked the group's entrance into film.[1] The film Mary Poppins – starring English actress Julie Andrews as the titular character, and released on 27 August 1964 – became the most Oscar-winning and Oscar-nominated Disney film in history. My Fair Lady, released on 25 December 1964, starring British actress Audrey Hepburn as Cockney flower girl Eliza Doolittle, won eight Academy Awards.[75] and Oliver! released in 1968, won Best Picture, becoming the final musical film to do so until Chicago in 2002.

Besides the Bond series that commenced with Sean Connery as James Bond in 1962, films with a British sensibility such as the "Angry Young Men" genre, What's New Pussycat? and Alfie styled London Theatre. A new wave of British actors such as Peter O'Toole, Michael Caine, and Peter Sellers intrigued US audiences.[18] Four of the decade's Academy Award winners for best picture were British productions, with the epic Lawrence of Arabia, starring O'Toole as British army officer T. E. Lawrence, winning seven Oscars in 1963.[76]

British television series such as Danger Man (renamed Secret Agent in its American airings), The Saint and The Avengers began appearing on American screens, inspiring a series of American-produced espionage programs such as I Spy, The Man from U.N.C.L.E. and the parody series Get Smart. By 1966, spy series (both British and American versions) had emerged as a favourite format of American viewers, along with Westerns and rural sitcoms.[77] Television shows that featured uniquely American styles of music, such as Sing Along with Mitch and Hootenanny, were quickly canceled and replaced with shows such as Shindig! and Hullabaloo that were better positioned to play the new British hits,[78] and segments of the new shows were taped in England.[79][80]

### Fashion

[edit]

Fashion and image set the Beatles apart from their earlier American rock and roll counterparts. Their distinctive, uniform style "challenged the clothing style of conventional American males," just as their music challenged the earlier conventions of the rock and roll genre.[65] "Mod" fashions, such as the miniskirt from "Swinging London" designers such as Mary Quant, and worn by early supermodels Twiggy, Jean Shrimpton and other models, were popular worldwide.[81][82][83][84][85] Newspaper columnist John Crosby wrote, "The English girl has an enthusiasm that American men find utterly captivating. I'd like to import the whole Chelsea girl with her 'life is fabulous' philosophy to America with instructions to bore from within."[86]

Even while longstanding styles remained popular, American teens and young adults started to dress "hipper".[26]

### Literature

[edit]

In anticipation of the 50-year anniversary of the British Invasion in 2013, comics such as Nowhere Men, which are loosely based on the events of it, gained popularity.[87]

## Impact on American music

[edit]

> The Beatles changed music for everybody making records in America, including Elvis who couldn't get a hit during that period of time—a decent hit during that period of time. And they absolutely wiped us right off the charts. That was it. In '64, it was all over for American singers.[88]

– Connie Francis, 2002

The British Invasion had a profound impact on popular music, internationalising the production of rock and roll, establishing the British popular music industry as a viable centre of musical creativity,[89] and opening the door for subsequent British performers to achieve international success.[56] In America, the Invasion arguably spelled the end of the popularity of instrumental surf music,[90] pre-Motown vocal girl groups, the folk revival (which adapted by evolving into folk rock), teenage tragedy songs, Nashville country music (which also faced its own crisis with the deaths of some of its biggest stars at the same time), and temporarily, the teen idols that had dominated the United States charts in the late 1950s and early 1960s.[91] It dented the careers of established R&B acts like Chubby Checker and temporarily derailed the chart success of certain surviving rock and roll acts, including Ricky Nelson,[92] Fats Domino, the Everly Brothers, and Elvis Presley (who nevertheless racked up thirty Hot 100 entries from 1964 through 1967).[93] It prompted many existing garage rock bands to adopt a sound with a British Invasion inflection and inspired many other groups to form, creating a scene from which many major US acts of the next decade would emerge.[94] The British Invasion also played a major part in the rise of a distinct genre of rock music and cemented the primacy of the rock group, based around guitars and drums and producing their own material as singer-songwriters.[95]

In February 2021, Ken Barnes, a former USA Today radio writer, analysed US musical acts' success before and during the Invasion in an article for Radio Insight attempting to confirm or debunk the claim that the British Invasion devastated US music. In his analysis, he noted that several of the acts whose careers were eclipsed by the Invasion—among them Bobby Vee, Neil Sedaka, Dion and Elvis Presley—eventually made comebacks after the Invasion waned. Others, such as Bill Anderson and Bobby Bare, remained successful in the country realm, even as their pop crossover success had waned. Barnes noted that one record company, Cameo Parkway, sustained more permanent damage from the Invasion (and the concurrent rise of Motown) than any other, but also noted that it was also affected by another event that happened the same week as the Beatles' arrival: American Bandstand, which had been based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where Cameo Parkway was based and drew many of its performers from Cameo Parkway, moved to Los Angeles. In summation, he noted that a plurality of the alleged victims of the Invasion (42 percent of most US hit music acts of 1963) were already seeing diminishing returns in 1963 before the Invasion began; 24 percent of US acts that year saw their success continue through the invasion, such as the Beach Boys and Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons; 14 percent were the likes of Sedaka, Vee and Presley in that they suffered during the Invasion but recovered afterward; and 20 percent suffered fatal damage to their careers because of it (with Barnes stating that 7 percent of US acts—mostly Cameo Parkway acts and folk revival groups—were wiped out almost entirely due to the Invasion, and the other 13 percent had the Invasion as one of several reasons for their declines). Stylistically, the proportions of US music being made did not change substantially during the Invasion, even as the British acts flooded the charts with a homogenous pop-rock sound; folk, country and novelty music, already small factors in the overall pop realm, dropped to near-nonexistence, while girl groups were also hard hit.[78]

Though many of the acts associated with the invasion did not survive its end, many others would become icons of rock music.[56] The claim[according to whom?] that British beat bands were not radically different from American groups like the Beach Boys and damaged the careers of black American and female artists[96] was made[when?] about the invasion. However, the Motown sound, exemplified by the Supremes, the Temptations, and the Four Tops, each securing their first top 20 record during the invasion's first year of 1964 and following up with many other top 20 records, besides the constant or even accelerating output of the Miracles, Gladys Knight & the Pips, Marvin Gaye, Martha & the Vandellas, and Stevie Wonder, actually increased in popularity during that time.[97]

Other American groups also demonstrated a similar sound to the British Invasion artists and in turn highlighted how the British "sound" was not in itself a wholly new or original one.[98] Roger McGuinn of the Byrds, for example, acknowledged the debt that US artists owed to British musicians, such as the Searchers, but that "they were using folk music licks that I was using anyway. So it's not that big a rip-off."[99] Both the US sunshine pop group the Buckinghams and the Beatles-influenced US Tex-Mex act the Sir Douglas Quintet adopted British-sounding names,[100][101] and San Francisco's Beau Brummels took their name from the same-named English dandy.[102] Roger Miller had a 1965 hit record with a self-penned song titled "England Swings", in which although its title references the progressive youth-centric cultural scene known as Swinging London, its lyric pays tribute to Britain's traditional way of life.[103] Englishman Geoff Stephens (or John Carter) reciprocated the gesture a la Rudy Vallée a year later in the New Vaudeville Band's "Winchester Cathedral".[104][105] Even as recently as 2003, Shanghai Knights made the latter two tunes memorable once again in London scenes.[106][107] Anticipating the Bay City Rollers by more than a decade, two British acts that reached the Hot 100's top twenty gave a tip of the hat to America: Billy J. Kramer with the Dakotas and the Nashville Teens. The British Invasion also drew a backlash from some US bands, e.g., Paul Revere & the Raiders[108] and New Colony Six[109] dressed in Revolutionary War uniforms, and Gary Puckett & the Union Gap donned Civil War uniforms.[110] Garage rock act the Barbarians' "Are You a Boy or Are You a Girl" contained the lyrics "You're either a girl, or you come from Liverpool" and "You can dance like a female monkey, but you swim like a stone, Yeah, a Rolling Stone."[111][112]

In Australia, the success of the Seekers and the Easybeats (the latter a band formed mostly of British emigrants) closely paralleled that of the British Invasion. The Seekers had two Hot 100 top five hits during the British Invasion, the number-four hit "I'll Never Find Another You" (recorded at London's Abbey Road Studios) in May 1965 and the number-two hit "Georgy Girl" in February 1967. The Easybeats drew heavily on the British Invasion sound and had one hit in the US during the British Invasion, the number-sixteen hit "Friday on My Mind" in May 1967.[113][114]

According to Robert J. Thompson, director of the Center for the Study of Popular Television at Syracuse University, the British invasion pushed the counterculture into the mainstream.[26]

## End of the first British Invasion and aftermath

[edit]

Beginning in March 1969 with the success of "These Eyes" by The Guess Who, the British Invasion was at least partially superseded by a Canadian Invasion, as Canadian musical acts, which had previously been overshadowed by their American and British counterparts, were about to benefit from new Canadian content regulations providing new opportunities. This began a wave of success on the American charts, with Canadian performers such as Edward Bear, Anne Murray, and Gordon Lightfoot among others.[2] As cultural aspects of the British Invasion waned, British musical acts retained their popularity into the 1970s, competing with their US and Canadian counterparts. British progressive rock acts of the 1970s were often more popular in the US than their native Britain, as the US working class was generally favourable to the virtuosity of progressive rock acts, while the bands' British audience was confined to the more genteel upper classes.[115]

British bands such as Badfinger and The Sweet, and US band the Raspberries, are considered to have evolved the British Invasion movement into power pop. In 1978, two rock magazines wrote cover stories analyzing power pop as a saviour to both the new wave and the direct simplicity of rock. Along with the music, new wave power impacted fashion, such as the mod style of the Jam or the skinny ties of the burgeoning Los Angeles scene. Several power pop artists were commercially successful; most notably the Knack, whose "My Sharona" was the highest-ranked US single of 1979. Although the Knack and power pop fell out of mainstream popularity, the genre continues to have a cult following with occasional periods of modest success.[116]

A subsequent wave of British artists rose to popularity in the early 1980s as British music videos appeared in American media, leading to what is now known as the "Second British Invasion". Another wave of British mainstream prominence in US music charts came in the mid-1990s with the brief success of Spice Girls, Oasis, Blur, Radiohead and Robbie Williams. At least one British act would appear somewhere on the Hot 100 every week from 2 November 1963 until 20 April 2002, originating with the debut of the Caravelles' "You Don't Have to Be a Baby to Cry". British acts declined in popularity throughout the 1990s, and in the 27 April 2002 issue of Billboard, none of the songs on the Hot 100 were from British artists; that week, only two of the top 100 albums, those of Craig David and Ozzy Osbourne, were from British artists.[117]

The latest movement came in the mid- to late 2000s, when British R&B and soul artists such as Amy Winehouse, Estelle, Joss Stone, Duffy, Natasha Bedingfield, Florence Welch, Adele, Floetry, Jessie J, Leona Lewis, Jay Sean and Taio Cruz enjoyed huge success in the US charts, which led to talk of a "Third British Invasion" or a "British Soul Invasion". Boyband One Direction have also been described as being a major part of a new "British Invasion" due to them being the first British band to have their debut album at number one on the US charts along with their overall dominance in America.[118][119]

## See also

[edit]

* 1960s portal
* Rock music portal
* Music portal

* Anglophile
* Cool Britannia
* List of British Invasion artists
* Music of the United Kingdom (1960s)
* Second British Invasion, 1980s
* Third British Invasion, 2000s–2010s
* When Nirvana Came to Britain

## Explanatory notes

[edit]

1. ^ She soon followed up with several other hits, becoming what AllMusic described as "the finest white soul singer of her era."[37] On the Hot 100, Dusty's solo career lasted almost as long, albeit with little more than one quarter of the hits, as the Beatles' group career before their breakup; she continued to have hits on the easy listening and adult contemporary charts into the late 1980s.
2. ^ Peter and Gordon, the Animals, Manfred Mann, Petula Clark,[38] Freddie and the Dreamers, Wayne Fontana and the Mindbenders,[39] Herman's Hermits,[40] the Rolling Stones,[41] the Dave Clark Five,[42] the Troggs, Donovan,[43] and Lulu in 1967, would have one or more number one singles in the US.[1] Other Invasion acts included the Searchers,[44] Billy J. Kramer,[45] the Bachelors,[46] Chad & Jeremy,[47] Gerry and the Pacemakers,[48] the Honeycombs,[49] Them[14] (and later its lead singer, Van Morrison), Tom Jones,[50] the Yardbirds (whose guitarist Jimmy Page would later form Led Zeppelin),[51] the Spencer Davis Group, the Small Faces, and numerous others. The Kinks, although considered part of the Invasion,[5][52][53] initially failed to capitalise on their success in the US after their first three hits reached the Hot 100's top ten[54] (in part due to a ban by the American Federation of Musicians following the band's 1965 US tour)[55] before resurfacing in 1970 with "Lola" and in 1983 with their biggest hit, "Come Dancing".

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f Ira A. Robbins. "Encyclopædia Britannica Article". Britannica.com. Retrieved January 18, 2011.
2. ^ a b Yorke, Ritchie (1970). "After Guess Who Single, Canadian Chart Boom". Billboard.
3. ^ Ira A. Robbins. "British Invasion (music) – Britannica Online Encyclopædia". Britannica.com. Retrieved January 18, 2011.
4. ^ James E. Perone (2004). Music of the Counterculture Era. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 22\. ISBN 978-0-313-32689-9.
5. ^ a b Stephen Thomas Erlewine. "The Kinks - Music Biography, Streaming Radio and Discography - AllMusic". AllMusic.
6. ^ Unterberger, Richie. "The Dave Clark Five - Biography - AllMusic". AllMusic.
7. ^ Petridis, Alexis (October 15, 2021). "60s hitmakers Manfred Mann: 'I've sung this 10,000 times and never liked it!'". The Guardian.
8. ^ Perone, James E. Mods, Rockers, and the Music of the British Invasion. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2009. Print.
9. ^ M. Brocken, The British Folk Revival, 1944–2002 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003), pp. 69–80.
10. ^ "Lonnie Donegan > Charts and Awards > Billboard singles". AllMusic. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
11. ^ Eder, Bruce. "Lonnie Donegan - Music Biography, Streaming Radio and Discography - AllMusic". AllMusic.
12. ^ Morrison, Craig. American Popular Music. British Invasion (New York: Facts on File, 2006), pp. 32–34.
13. ^ J. Gould, Can't Buy Me Love: The Beatles, Britain, and America (New York, Harmony Books, 2007), pp. 344–45.
14. ^ a b c d e Leopold, Todd (February 10, 2004). "When the Beatles hit America". CNN.
15. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1990). The Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Sixties (26 May 1962, 7 July 1962, 22 December 1962 - 5 January 1963). Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research, Inc. ISBN 0-89820-074-1.
16. ^ Ott, Beverly (July 25, 1962). "Hayley Mills busily happy". The Australian Women's Weekly. Vol. 30, no. 8\. p. 3 (Teenagers Weekly). Retrieved September 15, 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
17. ^ Murrells, Joseph (1978). The Book of Golden Discs (2nd ed.). London: Barrie and Jenkins Ltd. pp. 147, 166, 167. ISBN 0-214-20512-6.
18. ^ a b Cogan, Brian (December 12, 2011). Abbe A. Debolt; James S. Baugess (eds.). Encyclopedia of the Sixties: A Decade of Culture and Counterculture. Greenwood Press. pp. 80–81\. ISBN 9780313329449. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
19. ^ Perone, James (2009). Mods, Rockers, and the Music of the British Invasion. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger.
20. ^ a b c d e f g "How the Beatles Went Viral: Blunders, Technology & Luck Broke the Fab Four in America," by Steve Greenberg, Billboard February 7, 2014
21. ^ "The Beatles in America: We Loved Them, Yeah, Yeah, Yeah". Newseum. February 5, 2009. Archived from the original on November 26, 2010. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
22. ^ a b c d e f g Tweet the Beatles! How Walter Cronkite Sent The Beatles Viral ANDRE IVERSEN FOR THE WIN! by Martin Lewis based on information from "THE BEATLES ARE COMING! The Birth of Beatlemania in America" by Bruce Spitzer" July 18, 2009.
23. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2003). Top Pop Singles 1955-2002. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research, Inc. pp. 44, 45. ISBN 0-89820-155-1.
24. ^ "1 February 1964 Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
25. ^ Steve Greenberg (February 7, 2014). "How the Beatles Went Viral: Blunders, Technology & Luck Broke the Fab Four in America". Billboard. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
26. ^ a b c Ross, Michael (August 5, 2010). "Fab Four + 40: Looking back on the British invasion". TODAY.com.
27. ^ Puterbaugh, Parke (July 14, 1988). "The British Invasion: From the Beatles to the Stones, The Sixties Belonged to Britain". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on May 30, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
28. ^ "Beatlesongs!". AlbumLinerNotes.com. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved May 1, 2014.
29. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1990). The Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Sixties (11 April 1964). Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research, Inc. ISBN 0-89820-074-1.
30. ^ "I Understand Them (A Love Song To The Beatles)". Classic 45's. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
31. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1990). The Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Sixties (4 April 1964). Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research, Inc. ISBN 0-89820-074-1.
32. ^ "The Beatles Invade America - A chronicle of the Beatles' first visit to the U.S. in February 1964". February 11, 2007. Archived from the original on May 27, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
33. ^ Trust, Gary (February 19, 2019). "Ariana Grande Claims Nos. 1, 2 & 3 on Billboard Hot 100, Is First Act to Achieve the Feat Since The Beatles in 1964". Billboard. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
34. ^ "UK acts disappear from US charts BBC April 23, 2002". BBC News. April 23, 2002. Retrieved January 18, 2011.
35. ^ "Cash Box Magazine's (USA) Weekly Single Charts for 1964". April 4, 1964. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
36. ^ Gaar, Gillian G. (April 2011). "Women of The British Invasion". Goldmine: 22, 24, 26–28.
37. ^ Ankeny, Jason. "Dusty Springfield - Music Biography, Streaming Radio and Discography - AllMusic". AllMusic.
38. ^ Gilliland 1969, show 29, track 2.
39. ^ Thompson, Dave. "Wayne Fontana and the Mindbenders - Music Biography, Streaming Radio and Discography - AllMusic". AllMusic.
40. ^ Eder, Bruce. "Herman's Hermits - Music Biography, Streaming Radio and Discography - AllMusic". AllMusic.
41. ^ Gilliland 1969, show 30.
42. ^ Billboard Dave Clark Five Chart Page
43. ^ Gilliland 1969, show 48.
44. ^ Eder, Bruce. "The Searchers - Music Biography, Streaming Radio and Discography - AllMusic". AllMusic.
45. ^ Unterberger, Richie. "Billy J. Kramer - Music Biography, Streaming Radio and Discography - AllMusic". AllMusic.
46. ^ Ruhlmann, William. "The Bachelors - Biography - AllMusic". AllMusic.
47. ^ Ankeny, Jason. "Chad & Jeremy - Music Biography, Streaming Radio and Discography - AllMusic". AllMusic.
48. ^ Unterberger, Richie. "Gerry & the Pacemakers - Music Biography, Streaming Radio and Discography - AllMusic". AllMusic.
49. ^ Unterberger, Richie. "The Honeycombs - Music Biography, Streaming Radio and Discography - AllMusic". AllMusic.
50. ^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine. "Tom Jones - Music Biography, Streaming Radio and Discography - AllMusic". AllMusic.
51. ^ Unterberger, Richie. "The Yardbirds - Music Biography, Streaming Radio and Discography - AllMusic". AllMusic.
52. ^ "iTunes - Music - The Kinks". iTunes.
53. ^ "The Kinks". The Guardian.
54. ^ "U.S. Chart Positions". Kindakinks.com. Archived from the original on January 13, 2014. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
55. ^ Alterman, Loraine. "Who Let the Kinks In?" Rolling Stone, 18 December 1969
56. ^ a b c d British Invasion at AllMusic
57. ^ Gilliland 1969, show 38, track 2.
58. ^ Gilliland 1969, show 49, track 2.
59. ^ Hjort, Christopher (2008). So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star: The Byrds Day-by-Day 1965–1973. London: Jawbone Press. p. 31\. ISBN 978-1-906002-15-2.
60. ^ "8 May 1965 Hot 100". Billboard. September 12, 2008. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
61. ^ "Cash Box Magazine's (USA) Weekly Singles Charts for 1965". May 1, 1965. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
62. ^ Joel Whitburn (2003). Top Pop Singles 1955-2002. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research, Inc. pp. 988, 989. ISBN 0-89820-155-1.
63. ^ Perone, James E. Mods, Rockers, and the Music of the British Invasion. Westport, CT. Praeger, 2009. Print.
64. ^ Cooper, Laura E., and B. Lee, "The Pendulum of Cultural Imperialism: Popular Music Interchanges Between the United States and Britain", Journal of Popular Culture, Jan. 1993
65. ^ a b Cooper, L. and B., Journal of Popular Culture, 93
66. ^ Petersen, Jennifer B. "British Bands Invade the United States" 2009. Article.
67. ^ Joel Whitburn (2003). Top Pop Singles 1955-2002. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research, Inc. pp. 602, 603. ISBN 0-89820-155-1.
68. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Remembering the "British Invasion"". Remembering the "British Invasion" - YouTube. CNN. February 9, 2014. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
69. ^ "Freakbeat", Allmusic, retrieved 30 June 2011.
70. ^ Nicholson, Chris (September 25, 2012). "Freakbeat, The Garage Rock Era". Ministry of Rock. MinistryofRock. Retrieved July 16, 2015.
71. ^ Strong, Martin C. (2000). The Great Rock Discography (5th ed.). Edinburgh: Mojo Books. pp. 769–770\. ISBN 1-84195-017-3.
72. ^ Allmusic.com biography
73. ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 192\. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
74. ^ "As Millie, a real Julie Blossoms". Life magazine. April 28, 1967.
75. ^ "The 37th Academy Awards (1965) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
76. ^ "The 35th Academy Awards (1963) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
77. ^ William E. Sarmento (July 24, 1966). "Fourth TV Network Looming on Horizon". Lowell Sun. p. 20.
78. ^ a b Barnes, Ken (February 9, 2021). "Did the Beatles kill America's radio stars?". Radio Insight. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
79. ^ "Two Paths of Folk Music," Hootenanny, Vol. 1 No. 3, May 1964.
80. ^ James E. Perone (2009). Mods, Rockers, and the Music of the British Invasion. p. 76. ABC-CLIO,
81. ^ Fowler, David (2008) Youth Culture in Modern Britain, c.1920-c.1970: From Ivory Tower to Global Movement - A New History p. 134. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008
82. ^ Burgess, Anya (May 10, 2004). "Small is still beautiful". Daily Post.
83. ^ "The Girl Behind The World's Most Beautiful Face". Family Weekly. February 8, 1967.
84. ^ Cloud, Barbara (June 11, 1967). "Most Photographed Model Reticent About Her Role". The Pittsburgh Press.
85. ^ "Jean Shrimpton, the Famed Face of the '60s, Sits Before Her Svengali's Camera One More Time". People. Vol. 7, no. 21\. May 30, 1977. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
86. ^ Seebohm, Caroline (July 19, 1971). "English Girls in New York: They Don't Go Home Again". New York. p. 34. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
87. ^ Wolk, Douglas (December 13, 2013). "Reanimated: 'Nowhere Men, Vol. 1,' and More". The New York Times. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
88. ^ "Larry King Live Interview With Connie Francis". CNN. March 11, 2002.
89. ^ J. M. Curtis, Rock Eras: Interpretations of Music and Society, 1954–1984 (Popular Press, 1987), p. 134.
90. ^ "Surf Music". Nostalgia Central. Archived from the original on October 21, 2007. Retrieved March 11, 2013.
91. ^ K. Keightley, "Reconsidering Rock," in S. Frith, W. Straw and J. Street, eds., The Cambridge Companion to Pop and Rock (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), p. 117.
92. ^ McGinn, Andrew (June 23, 2011). "Ricky Nelson's sons revive his legacy with 'Remembered' tour". The Springfield News-Sun. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
93. ^ F. W. Hoffmann, Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound, Volume 1 (CRC Press, 2nd ed., 2004), p. 132.
94. ^ allmusic Genre Garage Rock
95. ^ R. Shuker, Popular Music: The Key Concepts. (Routledge, 2nd ed., 2005), p. 35.
96. ^ K. Keightley, "Reconsidering Rock". S. Frith, W. Straw and J. Street, eds., The Cambridge Companion to Pop and Rock (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 117–18.
97. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2003). Top Pop Singles 1955-2002. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research, Inc. ISBN 0-89820-155-1.
98. ^ K. Keightley, "Reconsidering Rock" in S. Frith, W. Straw and J. Street, eds., The Cambridge Companion to Pop and Rock (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), ISBN 0-521-55660-0, p. 116.
99. ^ Holmes, Tim, "US and Them: American Rock's Reconquista" Popular Music and Society, Vol.30, July 07
100. ^ Dahl, Bill. "The Buckinghams - Music Biography, Streaming Radio and Discography - AllMusic". AllMusic.
101. ^ Huey, Steve. "The Sir Douglas Quintet - Music Biography, Streaming Radio and Discography - AllMusic". AllMusic.
102. ^ "Trivial Pursuit: The Test of Dandy Knowledge". Dandyism.net. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
103. ^ Hoffman, Ken (July 4, 2012). "England still swings". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
104. ^ James E. Perone (2007). "1". The Words and Music of David Bowie. Westport, Connecticut, and London: Praeger (Singer-Songwriter Collection). p. 6\. ISBN 978-0-275-99245-3. Archived from the original on June 16, 2013. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
105. ^ "Winchester Cathedral by New Vaudeville Band". The Kirkham Report. August 16, 2009. Archived from the original on June 17, 2013. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
106. ^ Leydon, Joe (January 26, 2003). "Shanghai Knights - Film Reviews - New U.S. Release". Variety. Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
107. ^ Farance, Jeff. "Shanhai Knights - Movie reviews, trailers, clips and movie stills". Celebrity Wonder. Retrieved December 1, 2012.[permanent dead link]
108. ^ Hoffman, Lori (December 7, 2013). "Show Review: Kickin' It with Paul Revere and the Raiders". Atlantic City Weekly. Archived from the original on April 26, 2014. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
109. ^ "The New Colony Six". Oldies.com. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
110. ^ Voger, Mark (October 10, 2011). "Gary Puckett interview: A perfect Union". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
111. ^ "The Barbarians - Biography & History - AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
112. ^ "Are You a Boy or Are You a Girl - The Barbarians - Song Info - AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
113. ^ Eder, Bruce. "The Seekers - Music Biography, Streaming Radio and Discography - AllMusic". AllMusic.
114. ^ Eder, Bruce. "The Easybeats - Music Biography, Streaming Radio and Discography - AllMusic". AllMusic.
115. ^ Macan, Edward (1997), Rocking the Classics: English Progressive Rock and the Counterculture, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-509887-0
116. ^ Cateforis, Theo (June 7, 2011). Are We Not New Wave? Modern Pop at the Turn of the 1980s. Ann Arbor, Michigan: The University of Michigan Press. pp. 123 to 150. ISBN 9780472034703.
117. ^ Jenkins, Mark (May 3, 2002). "The end of the British invasion". Slate. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
118. ^ "One Direction, British/Irish boy band about to explode in America says Simon Cowell". March 12, 2012.
119. ^ "The British Are Coming! One Direction Set to Conquer America". March 12, 2012.

## Further reading and listening

[edit]

* Gilliland, John (1969). "The British Are Coming! The British Are Coming!: The U.S.A. is invaded by a wave of long-haired English rockers" (audio). Pop Chronicles. University of North Texas Libraries.
* Harry, Bill. The British Invasion: How the Beatles and Other UK Bands Conquered America. Chrome Dreams. 2004. ISBN 978-1-84240-247-4
* Miles, Barry. The British Invasion: The Music, the Times, the Era. Sterling Publishing. 2009. ISBN 978-1-4027-6976-4
* "The British Invasion" 2002 – oral history by Vanity Fair

## External links

[edit]

* Media related to British Invasion at Wikimedia Commons

Links to related articles

* v
* t
* e

Rock music

Components|

* Backbeat
* Distortion
* Rock band
* Electric guitar
* Electric bass
* Rhythm section
* Drum kit

Genres by
decade of origin
(sub-subgenres
not included)|

| 1950s|

* Instrumental rock
* Latin rock
* Pop rock
* Rock and roll
* British
* Rockabilly
* Surf music

|

1960s|

* Anatolian rock
* Art rock
* Baroque rock
* Beat music
* Big-beat
* Blues rock
* Boogie rock
* Chamber pop
* Christian rock
* Comedy rock
* Country rock
* Electronic rock
* Experimental rock
* Flamenco rock
* Folk rock
* Garage rock
* Hard rock
* Heavy metal
* Jam
* Jazz rock
* Krautrock
* Noise rock
* Occult rock
* Progressive rock
* Psychedelic rock
* Raga rock
* Roots rock
* Samba rock
* Soft rock
* Southern rock
* Space rock
* Swamp rock

1970s|

* Arena rock
* Cello rock
* Cock rock
* Dance-rock
* Funk rock
* Glam rock
* Heartland rock
* Industrial rock
* New wave
* Post-progressive
* Post-punk
* Power pop
* Pub rock (Australia)
* Pub rock (United Kingdom)
* Punk rock
* Shock rock
* Soft rock
* Visual kei
* Yacht rock

1980s|

* Alternative rock
* Deathrock
* Dream pop
* Gothic rock
* Grebo
* Grunge
* Indie rock
* Jangle pop
* Rap rock
* Rock kapak
* Shoegaze
* Slacker rock
* Trop rock

1990s|

* Britpop
* Emo
* Math rock
* Post-grunge
* Post-rock
* Stoner rock
* Sufi rock
* Viking rock

Regional scenes|

| North America|

* American
* Palm Desert Scene
* Canadian
* Costa Rican
* Cuban
* Dominican
* Haitian
* Mexican
* Chicano rock
* Puerto Rican

|

South America|

* Argentine
* Brazilian
* Brazilian thrash metal
* Samba rock
* Tropicália
* Chilean
* Colombian
* Ecuadorian
* Peruvian
* Uruguayan
* Venezuelan

Europe|

* Albanian
* Belarusian
* Belgian
* Bosnian
* British
* British rock and roll
* Britpop
* Post-Britpop
* Croatian
* Danish
* Dutch
* Indorock
* Nederbeat
* Ultra
* Estonian
* Finnish
* French
* German
* Greek
* Hungarian
* Icelandic
* Irish
* Italian
* Latvian
* Lithuanian
* Macedonian
* Norwegian
* Polish
* Portuguese
* Romanian
* Russian
* Serbian
* Slovenian
* Spanish
* Swedish
* Swiss
* Ukrainian
* Yugoslavian
* Art rock
* Hard rock and heavy metal
* Extreme metal
* Neo-rockabilly
* New wave
* Post-punk
* Punk

Asia|

* Armenian
* Azerbaijani
* Bangladeshi
* Cambodian (1959–1975)
* Chinese
* Filipino
* Bisrock
* Indian
* Bengali
* Raga
* Indonesian
* Iranian
* Israeli
* Japanese
* Visual kei
* Korean
* Malaysian
* Rock kapak
* Nepalese
* Pakistani
* Sufi
* Russian
* Taiwanese
* Thai
* Turkish

Africa|

* Angolan
* Sahara desert region
* Zambian

Oceania|

* Australian
* New Zealand

Radio formats|

* Active rock
* Adult album alternative
* Album-oriented rock
* Classic rock
* Mainstream rock
* Modern rock
* Progressive rock (radio format)

* History
* Culture

* British Invasion
* List of years in rock music
* Origins of rock and roll
* Country music
* Jazz
* Rhythm and blues
* Electronics in rock music
* Social effects
* Rock Against Communism
* Rock Against Racism
* Rock Against Sexism
* Rock music and the fall of communism
* Rockism and poptimism
* Women in rock

Related|

* Beatlesque
* List of rock genres
* Motorik
* Outlaw country
* Progressive music
* Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
* Rock concert
* Rock festival
* Rock musical
* Rock opera
* Wagnerian rock
* Wall of Sound

* Category
* Portal

* v
* t
* e

Pop music

Stylistic origins|

* Tin Pan Alley
* Traditional pop
* Rock and roll

Styles|

* Adult contemporary
* Christian
* Quiet storm
* Rhythmic
* Urban
* Alternative
* Paisley Underground
* Ambient
* Art
* Avant
* Beach
* Beat
* Brill Building
* Bubblegum
* Chamber
* Contemporary Christian music
* Country
* Bro-country
* Cowboy
* Cringe
* Dancehall
* Dance
* Freestyle
* Crunkcore
* Disco polo
* Dream
* Experimental
* Folk
* Hyperpop
* Hypnagogic
* Indie
* Dunedin sound
* Twee
* Operatic
* Orchestral
* Baroque
* Pop rap
* Pop rock
* Emo
* Jangle
* Pop metal
* Pop-punk
* Power
* Progressive
* Psychedelic
* Recession
* Schlager music
* Sophisti-pop
* Space age
* Sunshine
* Swamp
* Synth-pop
* Electropop
* Futurepop
* Teen
* Traditional
* Wonky

Regional variants|

| Africa|

* Africa
* Afrobeats
* Moroccan

|

The Americas|

* American
* Argentine
* Brazilian (MPB)
* Brega pop
* Choro
* Cumbia Pop
* Latin
* Tropipop
* Mexican
* Nueva ola

Asia|

* Arabic
* Armenian
* Assyrian
* Azerbaijani
* Chinese
* Cantopop
* Hakka
* Hokkien
* Mandopop
* French
* Xinyao
* Zhongguo feng
* Gufeng
* Hong Kong English
* Indian
* Bhangra
* Filmi
* Hindutva
* Indonesian
* Melankolis
* Kreatif
* Iranian
* Japanese
* City
* Kayōkyoku
* Ryūkōka
* Shibuya-kei
* Kazakhstani
* Korean
* North
* South
* Lao
* Malaysian
* Pakistani
* Philippine
* Taiwanese
* Campus folk
* Hakka
* Hokkien
* Indigenous
* Mandopop
* Thai
* Vietnamese

Europe|

* Austropop
* Balkan pop-folk
* Chalga
* Laïko
* Manele
* Tallava
* Turbo-folk
* British
* Dutch
* Nederbeat
* New pop
* Eurodance
* Europop
* French pop
* French Mandopop
* Yé-yé
* Hungarian
* Italian
* Macedonian
* Čalgija
* Romanian
* Manele
* Russian
* Schlager
* Serbian
* Swedish
* Turkish
* SFR Yugoslavia
* Soviet
* VIA music
* Ukrainian

Related topics|

* Celebrity
* Bobby-soxer
* Sasaeng fan
* Teenybopper
* Wota
* Honorific nicknames
* Music and fashion
* Pop music automation
* Popular music pedagogy
* Rockism and poptimism
* Songwriter
* Talent manager
* Talent agent
* Teen idol
* Boy band
* Girl group
* Verse–chorus form
* Virtual band
* Worldbeat

* v
* t
* e

The Beatles

* John Lennon
* Paul McCartney
* George Harrison
* Ringo Starr

* Stuart Sutcliffe
* Pete Best
* Chas Newby
* Norman Chapman
* Tommy Moore
* Jimmie Nicol

* Outline
* Timeline

History|

* The Quarrymen
* In Hamburg
* At the Cavern Club
* Decca audition
* North American releases
* Beatlemania
* "More popular than Jesus"
* In Bangor
* In India
* Break-up
* Murder of John Lennon
* Anthology
* Line-ups
* Religious views
* Timeline

Lists|

* Awards and nominations
* Bootlegs
* Albums
* Singles
* Films
* Instruments
* Live performances
* Performers
* Post-breakup collaborations
* Songs
* Cover versions of Beatles songs
* Songs covered by the Beatles
* Recording sessions
* Tributes

Tours and
performances|

* 1960 Johnny Gentle Tour
* Winter 1963 Helen Shapiro Tour
* 1963 Roy Orbison Tour
* The Ed Sullivan Show appearances
* 1964 world tour
* The Beatles' 1964 tour of Australia
* 1964 North American tour
* 1965 European tour
* 1965 US tour
* 1965 UK tour
* 1966 tour of Germany, Japan and the Philippines
* 1966 US tour
* Our World performance
* Rooftop concert

Personnel|

| Management|

* Neil Aspinall
* Tony Barrow
* Peter Brown
* Brian Epstein
* Mal Evans
* Dick James
* Freda Kelly
* Allen Klein
* Alan Livingston
* Joseph Lockwood
* Alistair Taylor
* Derek Taylor
* Allan Williams

|

Production|

* Geoff Emerick
* Richard Lush
* George Martin
* Phil McDonald
* Billy Preston
* Ron Richards
* Ken Scott
* Tony Sheridan
* Phil Spector
* Norman Smith
* Chris Thomas

Associated
companies|

* Apple Corps
* Apple Records
* Capitol Records
* EMI
* Harrisongs
* Northern Songs
* Parlophone
* Seltaeb
* Startling Music
* Swan Records
* Tollie Records
* United Artists
* United Artists Records
* Vee-Jay Records

Associated
places|

* 10 Admiral Grove
* 12 Arnold Grove
* 20 Forthlin Road
* 251 Menlove Avenue
* 34 Montagu Square, Marylebone
* Abbey Road, London
* Abbey Road Studios
* Ad Lib Club
* The Bag O'Nails
* Beatles Ashram
* Beatles-Platz
* Blue Angel
* Casbah Coffee Club
* Candlestick Park
* Carnegie Hall
* The Cavern Club
* Cavern Mecca
* Comiskey Park
* The Jacaranda
* Kaiserkeller
* Kinfauns
* London Palladium
* Penny Lane, Liverpool
* 3 Savile Row
* The Scotch of St. James
* Shea Stadium
* St Peter's Church
* Stanley Street
* Star-Club
* Strawberry Field
* Tittenhurst Park
* Top Ten Club

Selected books|

* The Beatles Anthology
* The Beatles: The Authorised Biography
* The Beatles: All These Years
* A Cellarful of Noise
* I, Me, Mine
* Lennon Remembers
* Paul McCartney: Many Years from Now

Other topics|

* Apple Corps v Apple Computer
* Apple scruffs
* Beatle boot
* The Beatles at Abbey Road
* The Beatles Monument
* The Beatles Statue
* Beatlesque
* Beat music
* Cultural impact
* Fifth Beatle
* Global Beatles Day
* Images of a Woman
* Lennon–McCartney
* "Paul is dead"
* Pop Go the Beatles
* Recording practices
* automatic double tracking
* Let It Be (musical)
* The Beatles: Rock Band
* songs
* The Rutles

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Counterculture of the 1960s (timeline)

Arts|

* Black Arts Movement
* Psychedelic art
* Psychedelic music
* Youthquake

Cultural events|

* San Francisco Renaissance
* Beatlemania
* British Invasion
* Mods and rockers
* Swinging Sixties
* Hippie movement
* Human Be-In
* Summer of Love
* Bed-Ins for Peace
* Woodstock

Social and political
movements|

* American Indian Movement
* Anti-nuclear movement
* Back-to-the-land movement
* Black Power movement
* Civil rights movement
* Dialoguero
* Free school movement
* Free Speech Movement
* Gay liberation
* Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
* protests
* Second-wave feminism
* Women's liberation movement
* Sexual revolution
* United States

Media|

* Underground press
* newspapers

Subcultures|

* Discordianism
* Freak scene
* Hippie
* Mod
* Rocker
* Rude boy
* UK underground
* Yippies

* v
* t
* e

Xenophilia

Africa|

* Egyptian
* United States

Americas|

* American
* Canadian
* Native Americans in Germany

Asia|

* Armenian
* Chinese
* Georgian
* Indian
* Iranian/Persian
* Japanese
* Korean
* Pakistani
* Taiwanese
* Turkish/Turkic

Europe|

* Albanian
* Austrian
* English/British
* Estonian
* French
* German
* Chile
* Greek
* Spartan
* Irish
* Italian
* Polish
* Russian
* Serbian
* Swedish
* DACH
* Ukrainian
* Viking

Others|

* Australian
* Jewish

See also: Acculturation • Allophilia • Enculturation • Cultural appropriation • Racial fetishism • Exoticism
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template