British Museum leather dressing

British Museum leather dressing has been used by many conservators since its publication[1][2] to protect and conserve leather.

## Formulation

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The basic formulation is:

200 g | anhydrous lanolin

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30 ml | cedar oil (acts as a fungicide)
15 g | beeswax (optional)
330 ml | X-4 solvent or hexane (solvent)

The first three ingredients are heated together, then added to the cold solvent and allowed to cool while constantly stirring.[3][4] Care should be exercised, as the solvents are highly flammable and have low boiling points.

## Variations

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There are several variations in the formulation.

Sometimes 60% of the lanolin was replaced by neatsfoot oil.

One disadvantage of the solvent hexane is its tendency to evaporate rapidly. Before the fat/hexane mixture has been able to penetrate deep into the leather, the hexane evaporates to the surface of the leather, taking most of the fat with it.

While beeswax prevents air pollutants from penetrating the leather, it does this by closing off the leather, thus disturbing the water balance and causing the leather to dry out.[5] The cedarwood oil acts as a fungicide to further protect the leather.

## In use

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The British Museum leather dressing was part of an elaborate leather conservation programme. Other steps entailed cleaning the leather, if necessary with soap and water, and applying an aqueous solution of 7% potassium lactate as a buffer. A warning was given about the dangers of using too much lactate, which made books sticky and could cause fungal growth. The books had to be absolutely dry when the leather dressing was applied.

The dressing would be applied sparingly and rubbed into the leather. After two days, the treated leather was polished with a soft cloth. Hard leathers can be soaked in a solution of one part British Museum leather dressing: three parts Stoddard solvent.[4]

British Museum leather dressing darkens leather, but it is a treatment with a good success record.[3][4]

## References

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1. ^ (Plenderleith, 1946)
2. ^ Plenderleith, H.; Werner, A. (1971). The conservation of antiquities and works of art (2nd ed.). London: Oxford University Press.
3. ^ a b "Caring for Cultural Material - Leather". reCollections - Heritage Collections Council of Australia. Archived from the original on 6 April 2007. Retrieved 27 April 2007.
4. ^ a b c Hamilton, Donny, L. (1 January 1999). "Methods of Conserving Archaeological Material from Underwater Sites" (PDF). Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University. Retrieved 15 October 2024.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
5. ^ "Concise survey of conservation treatments". Koninklijke Bibliotheek - National library of the Netherlands. Retrieved 27 April 2007.

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Leather

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Processes|

* Liming
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Crafting|

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Substitutes|

* Artificial leather / Leatherette
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Leather museums|

* German Leather Museum
* Igualada Leather Museum
* Walsall Leather Museum
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* British Museum leather dressing

Related|

* History of hide materials
* Leather subculture
* Rawhide

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