British Naval Forces Germany

Flag Officer, British Naval Forces Germany

Active| 1944–1961
Country| United Kingdom
Allegiance| British Empire
Branch| Royal Navy
Type| Command
Part of|

* Admiralty (1944–1961)

Garrison/HQ| HMS Royal Charlotte, Minden
North Rhine-Westphalia
West Germany

Military unit

British Naval Forces Germany was a command (military formation) of the Royal Navy that was active from 1944 to 1961 under three titles.

It was administered originally by the British Naval Commander-in-Chief, Germany from 1944 to 1946. In 1946 the commander's title changed to Vice-Admiral Commanding, British Naval Forces, Germany from 1946 to 1947, before being renamed to Flag Officer, British Naval Forces Germany until 1961.[1]

## History

[edit]

In 1944, the Allied Naval Commander-in-Chief, Expeditionary Force, was also given the title of British Naval Commander-in-Chief, Germany. In addition, he became also Head of the Naval Division of the Control Commission for Germany, not always in attendance in Berlin, he was represented by a Deputy Head who attended the BERGOS (Chiefs of Staff) meetings.[2]

His headquarters were initially at Hamburg and then transferred later at Minden. His title was altered in 1946 to Vice Admiral Commanding, British Naval Forces, Germany.[3] In 1947 the post holders title was changed to Flag Officer Commanding, British Naval Forces, Germany. Apart from his additional role as Chief British Naval Representative in the Allied Control Commission (Germany), he was responsible for all naval matters in Western Germany, Denmark, Holland and Norway.[4]

As British Naval Commander-in-Chief, Germany, he was supported by a number of flag officers some of whose titles changed, due to an expanding of their particular command areas and duties. Rear-Admiral Harold Tom Baillie-Grohman began his appointment in 1944 as Flag Officer-in-Charge, Kiel but then became Flag Officer, Schleswig-Holstein. Baillie-Grohman's main task was eliminating remnants of the Kriegsmarine. Flag Officer, Wilhelmshaven became Flag Officer, Western Germany.[5]

In May 1951 the admiral's title was changed again to Flag Officer, Germany.[6] In 1955 the Secretary of State for Defence described the admiral's duties as "The Flag Officer, Germany, in his North Atlantic Treaty Organisation capacity as the Commander, Allied Naval Forces, Northern Area, Central Europe, is responsible to the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe, for naval planning matters in the British Zone and for the operational control of the Royal Naval forces in Germany. He is the naval member of the Commanders-in-Chief Committee (Germany) which is responsible to the Chiefs of Staff Committee in this country. The entry into force of the Paris Treaties will not affect the foregoing duties of the post until at least the future German navy is capable of performing the tasks required of naval forces in Germany."

In 1961 the post was disestablished.

The command had its headquarters in four successive locations:

Unit | Location | Dates | Notes/Ref

|
|
|

HMS Royal Henry | Hamburg State, Germany | 1944–1945 | [7]
HMS Royal Albert | Hamburg State, Germany/West Germany | 1946–1950 | [8][9]
HMS Royal Prince | Minden, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany | 1950–1956 | [10]

HMS Royal Charlotte | Minden, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany | 1957–1961 | [11]

## Flag Officers

[edit]

### British Naval Commander-in-Chief, Germany

[edit]

Post holders included:

| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes/Ref

|
|
|
|
|

British Naval Commander-in-Chief, Germany
1 | Admiral |  | Sir Bertram Ramsay | 27 April 1944 – May 1945 |
2 | Admiral |  | Sir Harold M. Burrough | May 1945 – March 1946 | [12]

#### Flag Officer, Holland

[edit]

| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes/Ref

|
|
|
|
|

Flag Officer, Holland
1 | Rear-Admiral |  | Gerald C. Dickens | 1944–1945 | [13] ret. Adm recommissioned as Radm.

#### Flag Officer-in-Charge, Kiel

[edit]

| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes/Ref

|
|
|
|
|

Flag Officer-in-Charge, Kiel
1 | Rear-Admiral |  | Harold Tom Baillie-Grohman | 1944–1945 | [14][15] title changed to FOS-H[16]

#### Flag Officer, Norway

[edit]

| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes/Ref

|
|
|
|
|

Flag Officer, Norway
1 | Rear-Admiral |  | James Stewart McClaren Ritchie | 1944–1945 | [17]

#### Flag Officer, Schleswig-Holstein

[edit]

| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes/Ref

|
|
|
|
|

Flag Officer, Schleswig-Holstein
1 | Rear-Admiral |  | Harold Tom Baillie-Grohman | 1945–1946 | [18]

#### Flag Officer, Western Germany

[edit]

| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes/Ref

|
|
|
|
|

Flag Officer, Western Germany
1 | Rear-Admiral |  | G. C. Muirhead-Gould | 1945–1946 | [19]

#### Flag Officer, Wilhelmshaven

[edit]

| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes/Ref

|
|
|
|
|

Flag Officer, Wilhelmshaven
1 | Rear-Admiral |  | G. C. Muirhead-Gould | 1944–1945 | [20] title changed to FOWG[21]

##### Commodore-in-Charge, Hamburg

[edit]

| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes/Ref

|
|
|
|
|

Commodore-in-Charge, Hamburg
1 | Commodore |  | Hugh England | 1944–1945 | [22]

### Vice-Admiral Commanding, British Naval Forces, Germany

[edit]

| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes/Ref

|
|
|
|
|

Vice-Admiral Commanding, British Naval Forces, Germany
1 | Vice-Admiral |  | Sir Harold T.C. Walker | March 1946-June 1947 | [23]

### Flag Officer Commanding, British Naval Forces, Germany

[edit]

| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes/Ref

|
|
|
|
|

Flag Officer Commanding, British Naval Forces, Germany
1 | Rear-Admiral |  | Stephen H. T. Arliss | June 1947 – August 1949 | [24]
2 | Rear-Admiral |  | Archibald Day | August 1949 – April 1950 | [25]
3 | Rear-Admiral |  | Lachlan D. Mackintosh | April–November 1950 | [26]
4 | Rear-Admiral |  | George W. G. Simpson | November 1950 – -May 1951 | [27]

### Flag Officer, Germany

[edit]

| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes/Ref

|
|
|
|
|

Flag Officer, Germany
1 | Rear-Admiral |  | George W. G. Simpson | May–November 1951 | [28][29]
2 | Rear-Admiral |  | Robert St. V. Sherbrooke | November 1951 – November 1953 | [30]
3 | Rear-Admiral |  | Robert S. Warne | November 1953 – March 1955 | [31]
4 | Rear-Admiral |  | Keith McN. Campbell-Walter | March 1955 – May 1958 | [32]
5 | Rear-Admiral |  | Michael S. Townsend | May 1958 – 1961 | [33]

## Units and shore establishments

[edit]

Shore establishments and units in Germany at various times from 1945 included:[34][35]

Location | Unit | In command | Dates | Notes/Ref

|
|
|
|

Berlin | HQ HMS Royal Prince | Flag Officer, Berlin | March–August 1945 | shore establishment
Hamburg | HQ HMS Royal Alfred | Flag Officer-in-Charge, Hamburg | 1944 | shore establishment
Kiel/Travemünde | HQ HMS Royal Alfred | Flag Officer-in-Charge, Kiel | 1945–1946 | shore establishment
Ploen | HQ HMS Royal Alfred | Flag Officer, Schleswig Holstein | 1945–1946 | shore establishment
Wilhelmshaven | HQ HMS Royal Katherine | Flag Officer, Wilhelmshaven | 1944–1945 | shore establishment
Wilhelmshaven | HQ HMS Royal Katherine | Flag Officer, Western Germany | 1945–1946 | shore establishment
Kiel/Travemünde | HQ HMS Royal Alfred | Senior Naval Officer Schleswig Holstein | 1945–1946 | shore establishment
Bad Oeynhausen | HQ British Army on the Rhine | Royal Navy Representative C-in-C Committee, Germany | 1958 |
Berlin | HQ HMS Princess Irene | Senior Naval Officer, Royal Navy Headquarters, Germany |  | shore establishment
Brunsbüttel | HMS Princess Louise |  | 1945–1946 | shore establishment
Cuxhaven | Minesweeping Unit | Control Commission Germany | 1948–1951 |
Cuxhaven | Elbe Squadron | Commanding Officer, Elbe Squadron |  |
Cuxhaven | HMS Augusta |  | 1945–1946 | administrative unit ms
Cuxhaven | HQ HMS Royal Albert | Naval Officer-in-Charge, Cuxhaven | 1945–1948 | accounting base
Eckernförde | HQ HMS Princess Caroline |  | 1945–1946 | shore establishment
Flensburg | HQ HMS Royal Alexandra | Naval Officer-in-Charge, Flensburg | 1945–1946 | shore establishment
Flensburg | HQ HMS Royal Alexandra | Senior Naval Officer-in-Charge, Flensburg | 1946–1947 | shore establishment
Kiel | British Baltic Fishery Protection Service |  | 1949–1955 | covert intelligence unit[36]
Kiel | HQ Land Commissioner, Schleswig-Holstein | Naval Liaison Officer to LC, Schleswig-Holstein |  |
Kiel | HMS Royal Charlotte | Senior Officer Intelligence Kiel | 1945 | intelligence unit
Kiel | HMS Royal Harold | Naval Officer-in-Charge, Kiel | 1945–1948 | shore establishment
Krefeld | Rhine Flotilla | Commanding Officer, Rhine Flotilla | 1950 | [37]
Krefeld | Rhine Squadron | Commanding Officer, Rhine Squadron | 1954 | [38]
Lübeck | HQ Royal Caroline | Naval Officer in Charge, Lubeck | 1945–1946 | shore establishment
Lübeck | 1 Commando Brigade | Commander 1st Commando Brigade | May–July 1945 | Royal Marines
Sylt | HMS Royal Adelaide | Naval Officer-in-Charge, Sylt | May–October 1945 | shore establishment
Tonning | HMS Royal Adelaide |  | 1945–1946 | shore establishment
Travemünde | HMS Royal Caroline |  |  | shore establishment
Wilhelmshaven | HQ HMS Royal Rupert | Naval Officer in Charge, Wilhelmshaven | 1945–1950 | shore establishment

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Archives, The National. "Admiralty: Office of the British Naval Commander in Chief, Germany: Papers". discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk. London, England: The National Archives. Retrieved 22 October 2018. "ADM 228"
2. ^ Archives, The National. "Admiralty: Office of the British Naval Commander in Chief, Germany: Papers". discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk. London, England: The National Archives. Retrieved 22 October 2018. "ADM 228"
3. ^ Admiralty, Great Britain (July 1946). "Flag Officers in Commission". Navy List. London, England: HM Stationery Office. p. 1869.
4. ^ Archives, The National. "Admiralty: Office of the British Naval Commander in Chief, Germany: Papers". discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk. London, England: The National Archives. Retrieved 22 October 2018. "ADM 228"
5. ^ Madsen, Chris (1998). The Royal Navy and German Naval Disarmament, 1942–1947. Cambridge, England: Psychology Press. p. 149\. ISBN 9780714648231.
6. ^ Navy List May 1951. p. 386
7. ^ Admiralty, Great Britain (July 1945). "Flag Officers in Commission". Navy List. London, England: HM Stationery Office. p. 2348.
8. ^ Admiralty, Great Britain (July 1946). "Flag Officers in Commission". Navy List. London, England: HM Stationery Office. p. 1868.
9. ^ Admiralty, Great Britain (October 1948). "Flag Officers in Commission". Navy List. London, England: HM Stationery Office. p. 1038.
10. ^ Admiralty, Great Britain (April 1956). "Flag Officers in Commission". Navy List. London, England: HM Stationery Office. p. 303.
11. ^ Admiralty, Great Britain (January 1958). "Flag Officers in Commission". Navy List. London, England: HM Stationery Office. p. 303.
12. ^ "HyperWar: London Gazette No. 38171". www.ibiblio.org. United States: University of South Carolina. 6 January 1948. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
13. ^ "HyperWar: London Gazette No. 38171". www.ibiblio.org. United States: University of South Carolina. 6 January 1948. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
14. ^ "HyperWar: London Gazette No. 38171". www.ibiblio.org. United States: University of South Carolina. 6 January 1948. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
15. ^ Grehan, John; Mace, Martin (2014). "Prospects of Opening a North German Port: 30". Liberating Europe: D-Day to Victory in Europe 1944–1945. Barnsley, England: Pen and Sword. ISBN 9781473838277.
16. ^ Grehan and Mace 2014.
17. ^ Houterman, J.N. "Royal Navy (RN) Officers 1939–1945 - R". www.unithistories.com. Houterman and Koppes. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
18. ^ "HyperWar: London Gazette No. 38171". www.ibiblio.org. United States: University of South Carolina. 6 January 1948. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
19. ^ "HyperWar: London Gazette No. 38171". www.ibiblio.org. United States: University of South Carolina. 6 January 1948. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
20. ^ "HyperWar: London Gazette No. 38171". www.ibiblio.org. United States: University of South Carolina. 6 January 1948. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
21. ^ Grehan and Mace 2014.
22. ^ Madsen, Chris (1998). The Royal Navy and German Naval Disarmament, 1942–1947. Cambridge, England: Psychology Press. p. 46\. ISBN 9780714648231.
23. ^ House of Commons. "Naval Commands and Flag Officers (Hansard, 10 April 1946)". api.parliament.uk. London, United Kingdom: Hansard. Retrieved 22 October 2018. "Vol 421 cc1897-9"
24. ^ Mackie, Colin (October 2018). "Royal Navy Senior Appointments from 1865: Flag Officer, Germany" (PDF). gulabin.com. C. Mackie. p. 162. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
25. ^ Mackie p. 162
26. ^ Mackie p. 162
27. ^ Mackie p. 162
28. ^ Mackie p. 162
29. ^ Admiralty, Great Britain (May 1951). "Flag Officers in Commission". Navy List. London, England: HM Stationery Office. p. 386.
30. ^ Mackie p. 162
31. ^ Mackie p. 162
32. ^ Mackie p. 162
33. ^ Mackie p. 162
34. ^ Kindell, Don; Warlow, Lt Cdr Ben (October 1995). "Naval Party, Royal Navy, 1942–1991 by Ben Warlow". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
35. ^ "BOAR Locations: Royal Navy Germany". www.baor-locations.org. The Baor Organisation. 5 October 2009. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
36. ^ Hess, Sigurd (2001). "The Clandestine Operations of Hans Helmut Klose and the British Baltic Fishery Protection Service (BBFPS) 1949–1956". Journal of Intelligence History. 1 (2). LIT Verlag Münster: 169. doi:10.1080/16161262.2001.10555054. ISBN 9783825806439. S2CID 162499902. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
37. ^ Archives, The National (6 June 1950). "Memorandum Number 192 of 1950. Royal Naval Rhine Flotilla: memorandum by the First Sea Lord". discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk. London, England: The National Archives. Retrieved 23 October 2018. "DEFE 5/21/192"
38. ^ Archives, The National (1954). "Reports of Proceedings: Royal Navy Rhine Squadron: autumn cruise including visit to Basle". discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk. London, England: The National Archives. Retrieved 23 October 2018. "ADM 1/25565"

## Further reading

[edit]

* Chris Madsen, The Royal Navy and German Naval Disarmament, 1942–1947
* https://www.commsmuseum.co.uk/dykes/smallsnips/rhinesqdn/rhinesqdn.htm Rhine Squadron

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* Commander-in-Chief, Dover
* Flag Officer, East Africa
* East Indies Station
* East Indies and China Station
* Eastern Fleet
* Far East Fleet
* English Channel
* Grand Fleet
* Flag Officer Gibraltar
* Harwich Force
* Home Fleet
* Jamaica Station
* Leith Station
* Commander-in-Chief, Levant
* Levant and East Mediterranean
* Commander-in-Chief, Leeward Islands
* Mediterranean Fleet
* Medway
* Newfoundland Station
* New Zealand Division
* New Zealand Naval Forces
* Nore
* North America and West Indies Station
* Commander-in-Chief, North Sea
* Admiral Commanding, Orkneys and Shetlands
* Pacific Fleet
* Pacific Station
* Admiral of Patrols
* Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth
* Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth
* Queenstown Station
* Royal East African Navy
* Royal Indian Navy
* Flag Officer Submarines
* Commander-in-Chief, Rosyth
* Reserve Fleet
* Scotland and Northern Ireland
* Commander-in-Chief, South Atlantic
* South East Coast of America Station
* Commander-in-Chief, Thames and Medway
* West Africa Squadron
* Flag Officer, West Africa
* Commander-in-Chief, Western Approaches

Naval formations before 1707|

* Lisbon Station
* West Indies Station
* Western Squadron
* Thames, Medway and Nore
* Commander-in-Chief, Thames
* Narrow Seas
* Downs Station

Direction of Naval Finance|

* Department of the Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty

Departments under the
Parliamentary and Financial Secretary|

* Department of the Civil Lord of the Admiralty
* Accountant-General's Department
* Comptroller of the Navy
* Department of the Surveyor of the Navy

Direction of Naval Administration
and the Admiralty Secretariat|

* Department of the Permanent Secretary

Branches and offices under the
Permanent Secretary|

* Admiralty Central Copying Branch
* Admiralty Central Registry Branch
* Admiralty Record Office
* Admiralty Library
* Admiralty Secretariat
* Air Branch
* Civil Branch
* Legal Branch
* Military Branch
* Naval Branch
* Ship Branch

Civil Administration|

* Department of the Civil Lord of the Admiralty, Department of the Additional Civil Lord of the Admiralty

Departments under the
Civil Lords|

* Accountant-General's Department
* Contract and Purchase Department
* Department of the Director of Contract Labour
* Department of the Surveyor of Buildings
* Department of the Director of Works
* Greenwich Hospital Department
* Works Loan Department

Legal|

* Admiralty Judicial Department
* Admiralty court
* High Court of Admiralty
* Office of the Judge of the High Court of Admiralty
* High Court of Justice
* Office of the Judge Advocate of the Fleet
* Office of the Marshall High Court of the Admiralty
* Office of the Admiralty Advocate
* Office of the Admiralty Proctor
* Office of the Chief Naval Judge Advocate
* Office of the Counsel for the Affairs of the Admiralty and Navy
* Office of the Counsel to the Admiralty
* Office of the Deputy Judge Advocate of the Fleet
* Office of the Receiver of Droits High Court of Admiralty
* Office of the Registrar High Court of the Admiralty
* Office of the Solicitor for the Affairs of the Admiralty
* Office of the Solicitor to the Admiralty and Navy
* Office of the Solicitor to the Admiralty
* Office of the Counsel to the Admiralty
* Court of Admiralty for the Cinque Ports
* King's Bench Division (Admiralty)
* Queens's Bench Division (Admiralty)
* Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division
* Vice Admiralty courts
* Colonial Courts of Admiralty

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