British New Wave

Movement in British cinema that emerged in the late 1950s

For the British response to New wave music, see Second British Invasion.

The British New Wave is a style of films released in Great Britain between 1959 and 1963.[1][2] The label is a translation of Nouvelle Vague, the French term first applied to the films of François Truffaut, and Jean-Luc Godard among others.[3]

## Stylistic characteristics

[edit]

The British New Wave was characterised by many of the same stylistic and thematic conventions as the French New Wave. Usually in black and white, these films had a spontaneous quality, often shot in a pseudo-documentary (or cinéma vérité) style on real locations and with real people rather than extras, apparently capturing life as it happens.

There is considerable overlap between the New Wave and the angry young men, those artists in British theatre and film such as playwright John Osborne and director Tony Richardson, who challenged the social status quo. Their work drew attention to the reality of life for the working classes, especially in the North of England, often characterised as "It's grim up north". This particular type of drama, centred on class and the nitty-gritty of day-to-day life, was also known as kitchen sink realism.[4]

## Influence of writers and short film makers

[edit]

Like the French New Wave, where many of the filmmakers began as film critics and journalists, in Britain critical writing about the state of British cinema began in the 1950s and foreshadowed some of what was to come. Among this group of critic/documentary film makers was Lindsay Anderson who was a prominent critic writing for the influential Sequence magazine (1947–52), which he co-founded with Gavin Lambert and Karel Reisz (later a prominent director); writing for the British Film Institute's journal Sight and Sound and the left-wing political weekly the New Statesman. In one of his early and most well-known polemical pieces, Stand Up, Stand Up, he outlined his theories of what British cinema should become.

Following a series of screenings which he organised at the National Film Theatre of independently produced short films including his own Every Day Except Christmas (about the Covent Garden fruit and vegetable market), Karel Reisz's Momma Don't Allow and others, he developed a philosophy of cinema which found expression in what became known as the Free Cinema Movement in Britain by the late 1950s. This was the belief that the cinema must break away from its class-bound attitudes and that the working classes ought to be seen on Britain's screens.

Along with Karel Reisz, Tony Richardson, and others he secured funding from a variety of sources (including Ford of Britain) and they each made a series of socially challenging short documentaries on a variety of subjects.

These films, made in the tradition of British documentaries in the 1930s by such men as John Grierson, foreshadowed much of the social realism of British cinema which emerged in the 1960s with Anderson's own film This Sporting Life, Reisz's Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, and Richardson's The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner.

By 1964, the cycle was essentially over. Tony Richardson's Tom Jones, Richard Lester's A Hard Day's Night and the early James Bond films ushered in a new era for British cinema, now suddenly popular in the United States.

## Films

[edit]

* Room at the Top (1959; directed by Jack Clayton)[2][5]
* Look Back in Anger (1959; directed by Tony Richardson)[2][5]
* The Entertainer (1960; directed by Tony Richardson)[2]
* Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1960; directed by Karel Reisz)[2][5]
* A Taste of Honey (1961; directed by Tony Richardson)[2][5]
* A Kind of Loving (1962; directed by John Schlesinger)[2][5]
* The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (1962; directed by Tony Richardson)[2][5]
* The L-Shaped Room (1962; directed by Bryan Forbes)[5]
* This Sporting Life (1963; directed by Lindsay Anderson)[2][5]
* Billy Liar (1963; directed by John Schlesinger)[2][5]

## Notable actors

[edit]

* Alan Bates[6]
* Tom Bell[7]
* Richard Burton[7]
* Julie Christie[6][7]
* Tom Courtenay[6][7]
* Albert Finney[6][7]
* Richard Harris[7]
* Laurence Harvey[7]
* Rachel Roberts[7]
* Rita Tushingham[6][7]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "British New Wave Cinema". OpenLearn. Open University. 19 October 2005. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Taylor, B. F. (2006). "The British New Wave: A certain tendency?". The British New Wave. Manchester University Press. ISBN 9781847796097.
3. ^ Nixon, Rob. "TCM's Article on the Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
4. ^ "British New Wave – Mondays in March". TCM.com. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i "British New Wave". Screenonline. British Film Institute. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
6. ^ a b c d e Nastasi, Alison (26 March 2017). "10 Essential British New Wave Films". Flavorwire. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Beech, Chris (19 August 2014). "10 Essential Films For An Introduction To The British New Wave". Taste of Cinema. Retrieved 11 January 2019.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Wollen, Peter (1996). "The Last New Wave: Modernism in the British Films of the Thatcher Era". In O'Pray, Michael (ed.). The British avant-garde film, 1926-1995: an anthology of writings. Indiana University Press. pp. 239–260. ISBN 1860200044.
* Sancar Seckiner's new book DZ Uzerine Notlar, published in December 2014, is re-focusing Kitchen Sink Realism which was important in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The article Long Distance Runner in the book highlights main film directors who create British New Wave. ISBN 978-605-4579-83-9.

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"Angry young men"

Associated
writers

* Kingsley Amis
* John Arden
* Stan Barstow
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* Bill Hopkins
* John Osborne
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* Alan Sillitoe
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* Kenneth Tynan
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Key works|

* Billy Liar
* Declaration
* The Divine and the Decay
* Emergence from Chaos
* The Entertainer
* A Kind of Loving
* "The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner"
* Look Back in Anger
* Lucky Jim
* The Outsider
* Room at the Top
* Saturday Night and Sunday Morning
* Saved
* Serjeant Musgrave's Dance
* This Sporting Life

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* British New Wave
* Kitchen sink realism
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|

Former|

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Genres and
movements|

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* see Exploitation film template
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or period|

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