Bulgarian Volunteer Corps

Volunteer
(Bulgarian: опълченци)

The standard of the Bulgarian Opaltchentsi

Leaders| Collective leadership
Dates of operation| 1877–1878
Headquarters| Sofia, Bulgaria
Active regions| Bulgaria
Ideology| Bulgarian nationalism
Size| 40,300
Allies|  Russian Empire
Romania
Serbia
Montenegro
Opponents|  Ottoman Empire
Battles and wars| Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878

Preceded by
Bulgarian Legion

Succeeded by
Bulgarian army

Reenactors dressed as Opalchentsi at the official commemoration of the 133 anniversary of the Liberation of Bulgaria

Opalchentsi (Bulgarian: опълченци) were Bulgarian voluntary army units, who took part in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. The people in these units were called opalchenets-pobornik (опълченец-поборник) roughly meaning "folk-" or "regiment-combatant".

The Bulgarian voluntary army units for the Russo-Turkish War were gathered after the manifesto of Alexander II of Russia, announcing the War. The meeting point of the Bulgarian volunteers in Russia was the city of Samara. The Bulgarian Opalchentsi were given the Samara flag bearing the images of the Holy Mother and Saints Cyril and Methodius (the flag is kept in the National Museum of Military History in Sofia). The Opalchentsi took an active part in the Second and Fourth Battle of Shipka Pass and after the end of the war went on to form Bulgaria's army.

## Structure

[edit]

Major General Nikolai Stoletov was appointed Chief of the Bulgarian Militia, with his chief of staff being Colonel Efim Rinkiewicz. Other staff officers were also appointed - Colonel Engelhart, Lieutenant Colonel Fyodor De Preradovic and others. The command staff consisted of 136 officers, among which were Bulgarian officers and non-commissioned officers in the Russian Army:

* Lieutenant-Colonel Konstantin Kesyakov,
* Captain Raicho Nikolov,
* Lieutenants Peter Alexiev, Delev, Petko Stoyanov, Konstantin Shivarov, Atanas Uzunov, Dimitar Filov, Danail Nikolaev, Stefan Lyubomski,
* Sub-lieutenants Stefan Kissov, Avram Gudzhev, Olympiy Panov and Costa Panitsa.

Friendly doctors were appointed, including the Bulgarians Konstantin Bonev, Sava Mirkov, Konstantin Vesenkov, Andrei Bogdanov, Ivan Panov, Yakov Petkovich.

The militias were trained by Russian officers. They were armed with the Chassepot rifle, which was bought by the Ministry of Defense and the Moscow Slavic Committee. In terms of numbers and structure, the militia was comparable to a reinforced wartime infantry division. It consisted of 3 militia brigades, each consisting of 2 militia "druzhina" (the equivalent of a battalion) of 5 companies each. Later on, 6 more independent detachments formed later are included.

The Bulgarian militia units were commanded by:

* 1st Militia Brigade, commanded by Colonel Korsakov,
* 2nd Militia Brigade, commanded by Colonel Leonid Vyazemski,
* 3rd Militia Brigade, commanded by Colonel Mikhail Tolstoy.

Other independent detachments were:

* 7th Militia druzhina, commanded by Lieutenant-colonel Tizenkhausen,
* 8th Militia druzhina, commanded by Staff-captain Merchanski,
* 9th Militia druzhina, commanded by Lieutenant-colonel Lvov,
* 10th Militia druzhina, commanded by Major Dorshlung,
* 11th Militia druzhina, commanded by Lieutenant-colonel Gasparevski,
* 12th Militia druzhina, commanded by Major Kornilovech.

## Honours

[edit]

One of the poems in Ivan Vazov's Epic of the Forgotten, namely "Opalchentsite na Shipka", is dedicated to them. Opalchenie Peak in Vinson Massif, Antarctica, is named after the Bulgarian Volunteer Force in the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and the Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps in the 1912–1913 Balkan Wars.[1]

## See also

[edit]

* Samara flag
* Romanian War of Independence

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Opalchenie Peak. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.

## References

[edit]

* С. Кисьов. „Българското опълчение в Освободителната руско-турска война 1877–1878 г.“

* v
* t
* e

Great Eastern Crisis

Wars and conflicts|

| Montenegrin|

* Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)
* Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878)

|

Serb|

* Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)
* Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878)
* Kumanovo uprising

Bulgarian|

* Stara Zagora Uprising
* April Uprising of 1876
* Razlovtsi insurrection
* Kresna–Razlog uprising

Greek|

* 1878 Macedonian rebellion
* Epirus Revolt of 1878
* Cretan revolt (1878)

* Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
* Romanian War of Independence
* Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878
* Expulsion of the Albanians, 1877–1878

International
agreements|

* Berlin Memorandum
* Reichstadt Agreement
* Constantinople Conference
* Budapest Convention of 1877
* Treaty of San Stefano
* Cyprus Convention
* Congress of Berlin and Treaty of Berlin (1878)

See also|

* Bulgarian Exarchate
* Deligrad Event
* Niš Committee
* 1876 Ottoman coup d'état
* First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)
* Opalchentsi
* Eastern Question
* Provisional Russian Administration in Bulgaria
* British Cyprus
* League of Prizren
* Battles for Plav and Gusinje
* Pact of Halepa
* Dual Alliance (1879)
* Brsjak revolt
* Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881
* French conquest of Tunisia
* Convention of Constantinople (1881)
* British Occupation of Egypt
* Marche slave
* Anna Karenina

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