By-elections to the 44th Canadian Parliament

2021–2025 elections for vacant seats

By-elections to the 44th Canadian Parliament

* * *

<- 2019–2021

By-elections to the 44th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 2021 federal election and the 2025 federal election. The 44th Canadian Parliament began in 2021 with the membership of its House of Commons having been determined by the results of the 44th Canadian federal election held on September 20, 2021. The Liberal Party of Canada had a minority government during this Parliament, supported by the New Democratic Party in a (2022 to 2024) confidence-and-supply agreement.[1] The Conservative Party of Canada forms the Official Opposition.[2]

Eleven by-elections were held during the 44th Parliament. They took place in the following electoral districts:

* Mississauga—Lakeshore, following the resignation of Liberal MP Sven Spengemann to take on a role at the United Nations on May 27, 2022.[3]
* Winnipeg South Centre, left vacant following the death of Liberal MP Jim Carr on December 12, 2022.[4]
* Oxford, following the resignation of Conservative MP Dave MacKenzie on January 28, 2023.[5]
* Portage—Lisgar, following the resignation of Conservative MP Candice Bergen on February 28, 2023.[6][7]
* Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount, following the resignation of Liberal MP Marc Garneau on March 8, 2023.[8]
* Calgary Heritage, following the resignation of Conservative MP Bob Benzen on December 31, 2022, to return to the private sector.[9]
* Durham, following Conservative MP Erin O'Toole's resignation on August 1, 2023.[10]
* Toronto—St. Paul's, following Liberal MP Carolyn Bennett's resignation on January 16, 2024.[11]
* LaSalle—Émard—Verdun, following the resignation of Liberal MP David Lametti on February 1, 2024.
* Elmwood—Transcona, following the resignation of New Democratic MP Daniel Blaikie on March 31, 2024.
* Cloverdale—Langley City, following the resignation of Liberal MP John Aldag on May 27, 2024.

A by-election was called in the following electoral district, but was cancelled due to the 2025 Canadian federal election being called:

* Halifax, following the resignation of Liberal MP Andy Fillmore on August 31, 2024.[12] The writ of election was dropped on March 2nd and Election Day would have been April 14, 2025, but a federal election was called before then.[13]

Under the Parliament of Canada Act, no byelection is held if the vacancy occurs within 9 months of the fixed date for the next general election.[2] The following seats became vacant in the nine-month period prior to the fixed election date of October 20, 2025 and remained vacant until Parliament was dissolved on March 23, 2025:

* Honoré-Mercier, following the resignation of Independent MP Pablo Rodriguez on January 20, 2025.
* Esquimalt—Saanich—Sooke, following the resignation of New Democratic MP Randall Garrison on January 30, 2025.
* Eglinton—Lawrence, following the resignation of Liberal MP Marco Mendicino on March 14, 2025.

## Summary

[edit]

Analysis of byelections by turnout and vote share for winning candidate (vs 2021)  Riding and winning party  | Turnout  | Vote share for winning candidate

|
|

%  | Change (pp)  | %  | Change (pp)
Mississauga—Lakeshore | █ Liberal | Hold  | 27.76  | -36.03 |

|  | 51.45  | 6.50 |  | 6.5

Winnipeg South Centre | █ Liberal | Hold  | 36.82  | -32.79 |

|  | 55.49  | 9.94 |  | 9.94

Oxford | █ Conservative | Hold  | 39.81  | -25.08 |

|  | 42.92  | -4.13 |

Portage—Lisgar | █ Conservative | Hold  | 45.47  | -20.27 |

|  | 64.95  | 12.43 |  | 12.43

Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount | █ Liberal | Hold  | 29.93  | -32.63 |

|  | 50.87  | -2.90 |

Calgary Heritage | █ Conservative | Hold  | 28.89  | -37.00 |

|  | 65.63  | 7.98 |  | 7.98

Durham | █ Conservative | Hold  | 27.97  | -33.32 |

|  | 57.44  | 11.04 |  | 11.04

Toronto—St. Paul's | █ Conservative | Gain  | 43.52  | -21.96 |

|  | 42.11  | 16.81 |  | 16.81

LaSalle—Émard—Verdun | █ Bloc Québécois | Gain  | 39.56  | -20.94 |

|  | 28.02  | 5.93 |  | 5.93

Elmwood—Transcona | █ New Democratic | Hold  | 39.16  | -20.46 |

|  | 48.18  | -1.51 |

Cloverdale—Langley City | █ Conservative | Gain  | 16.27  | -44.58 |

|  | 66.30  | 30.20 |  | 30.2

## Overview

[edit]

Electoral district  | Date vacated  | Date writ issued  | By-election date  | Previous incumbent  | Party  | Cause  | Winner  | Party  | Retained

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Mississauga—Lakeshore | May 27, 2022 (2022-05-27) | November 6, 2022 (2022-11-06) | December 12, 2022 (2022-12-12) | Sven Spengemann |  | Liberal | Resigned to accept a position with the United Nations | Charles Sousa |  | Liberal | Yes
Winnipeg South Centre | December 12, 2022 (2022-12-12) | May 14, 2023 (2023-05-14)[14] | June 19, 2023 (2023-06-19)[14] | Jim Carr |  | Liberal | Death (multiple myeloma and kidney failure)  | Ben Carr |  | Liberal | Yes
Oxford | January 28, 2023 (2023-01-28) | May 14, 2023 (2023-05-14)[14] | June 19, 2023 (2023-06-19)[14] | Dave MacKenzie |  | Conservative | Retirement  | Arpan Khanna |  | Conservative | Yes
Portage—Lisgar | February 28, 2023 (2023-02-28) | May 14, 2023 (2023-05-14)[14] | June 19, 2023 (2023-06-19)[14] | Candice Bergen |  | Conservative | Resignation  | Branden Leslie |  | Conservative | Yes
Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount | March 8, 2023 (2023-03-08) | May 14, 2023 (2023-05-14)[14] | June 19, 2023 (2023-06-19)[14] | Marc Garneau |  | Liberal | Retirement  | Anna Gainey |  | Liberal | Yes
Calgary Heritage | December 31, 2022 (2022-12-31) | June 18, 2023 (2023-06-18)[15] | July 24, 2023 (2023-07-24) | Bob Benzen |  | Conservative | Resigned to return to the private sector  | Shuvaloy Majumdar |  | Conservative | Yes
Durham | August 1, 2023 (2023-08-01) | January 28, 2024 (2024-01-28) | March 4, 2024 (2024-03-04) | Erin O'Toole |  | Conservative | Resignation  | Jamil Jivani |  | Conservative | Yes
Toronto—St. Paul's | January 16, 2024 (2024-01-16) | May 19, 2024 (2024-05-19)[16] | June 24, 2024 (2024-06-24)[16] | Carolyn Bennett |  | Liberal | Resigned to accept appointment as Ambassador to Denmark  | Don Stewart |  | Conservative | No
LaSalle—Émard—Verdun | February 1, 2024 (2024-02-01) | July 28, 2024 (2024-07-28)[17] | September 16, 2024 (2024-09-16)[17] | David Lametti |  | Liberal | Resigned to join law firm  | Louis-Philippe Sauvé |  | Bloc Québécois | No
Elmwood—Transcona | March 31, 2024 (2024-03-31) | July 28, 2024 (2024-07-28)[17] | September 16, 2024 (2024-09-16)[17] | Daniel Blaikie |  | New Democratic | Resigned to work in Premier of Manitoba Wab Kinew's office  | Leila Dance |  | New Democratic | Yes
Cloverdale—Langley City | May 27, 2024 (2024-05-27) | November 10, 2024[18] | December 16, 2024[18] | John Aldag |  | Liberal | Resigned to run as the BC NDP candidate for Langley-Abbotsford in the 2024 British Columbia general election.  | Tamara Jansen |  | Conservative | No

## December 12, 2022 by-election

[edit]

### Mississauga—Lakeshore

[edit]

Main article: 2022 Mississauga—Lakeshore federal by-election

The riding of Mississauga—Lakeshore was vacated on May 27, 2022, following the resignation of Liberal MP Sven Spengemann to accept a position with the United Nations.[3] Spengemann had represented the riding since 2015, when he defeated Conservative incumbent Stella Ambler.

Running for the Liberals was former MPP Charles Sousa, who represented the area provincially from 2007 to 2018 and previously served in the provincial cabinets of Dalton McGuinty and Kathleen Wynne, including as Minister of Finance from 2013 to 2018.[19][20][21] Alex Crombie, a former Queen's Park staffer and son of Mississauga mayor Bonnie Crombie, was seen as a potential candidate prior to Sousa's nomination.[22]

Running for the Conservatives was Ron Chhinzer, a police officer.[20] Michael Ras, who finished second to Spengemann in 2021, considered running for the nomination before declining.[19]

The NDP nominated Julia Cole, who ran for the seat's provincial counterpart in the provincial election earlier in the year, while running for the Greens was Mary Kidnew, a past president of the Hillcrest Ratepayers Association.[20][23]

Rhinoceros Party leader Sébastien CoRhino contested the by-election.[24] As well, the Rhinoceros Party organized a protest against the Trudeau government's abandonment of electoral reform in 2017 by running thirty-two[citation needed] independent candidates, breaking their own record for most candidates nominated in a single riding in Canada, previously set in the riding of Saint Boniface—Saint Vital in the 2021 Canadian federal election.[25]

* v
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Canadian federal by-election, December 12, 2022: Mississauga—Lakeshore
Resignation of Sven Spengemann

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures
| Liberal | Charles Sousa | 12,766 | 51.45 | +6.50 |
| Conservative | Ron Chhinzer | 9,215 | 37.14 | -1.54 |
| New Democratic | Julia Kole | 1,231 | 4.96 | -4.79 |
| Green | Mary Kidnew | 792 | 3.19 | +0.94 |
| People's | Khaled Al-Sudani | 293 | 1.18 | -3.03 |
| Independent | Sean Carson | 48 | 0.19 | — |
| Independent | Charles Currie | 44 | 0.18 | — |
| Independent | Patrick Strzalkowski | 38 | 0.15 | — |
| Independent | Peter House | 31 | 0.12 | — |
| Independent | Mélodie Anderson | 29 | 0.12 | — |
| Rhinoceros | Sébastien CoRhino | 24 | 0.10 | -0.07 |
| Independent | Conrad Lukawski | 23 | 0.09 | — |
| Independent | Adam Smith | 23 | 0.09 | — |
| Independent | Stephen Davis | 21 | 0.08 | — |
| Independent | Marie-Hélène LeBel | 17 | 0.07 | — |
| Independent | Eliana Rosenblum | 17 | 0.07 | — |
| Independent | Myriam Beaulieu | 16 | 0.06 | — |
| Independent | Roger Sherwood | 14 | 0.06 | — |
| Independent | John The Engineer Turmel | 14 | 0.06 | — |
| Independent | Jevin David Carroll | 12 | 0.05 | — |
| Independent | Spencer Rocchi | 12 | 0.05 | — |
| Independent | Tomas Szuchewycz | 12 | 0.05 | — |
| Independent | Julie St-Amand | 11 | 0.04 | — |
| Independent | Mark Dejewski | 11 | 0.04 | — |
| Independent | Julian Selody | 10 | 0.04 | — |
| Independent | Ben Teichman | 10 | 0.04 | — |
| Independent | Mylène Bonneau | 9 | 0.04 | — |
| Independent | Kerri Hildebrandt | 9 | 0.04 | — |
| Independent | Line Bélanger | 8 | 0.03 | — |
| Independent | Alexandra Engering | 8 | 0.03 | — |
| Independent | Samuel Jubinville | 8 | 0.03 | — |
| Independent | Jean-Denis Parent Boudreault | 7 | 0.03 | — |
| Independent | Daniel Gagnon | 7 | 0.03 | — |
| Independent | Darcy Justin Vanderwater | 6 | 0.02 | — |
| Independent | Donovan Eckstrom | 5 | 0.02 | — |
| Independent | Donald Gagnon | 5 | 0.02 | — |
| Independent | Martin Acetaria Caesar Jubinville | 3 | 0.01 | — |
| Independent | Ysack Dupont | 2 | 0.01 | — |
| Independent | Pascal St-Amand | 2 | 0.01 | — |
| Independent | Alain Lamontagne | 1 | 0.00 | — |
Total valid votes  | 24,814
Total rejected ballots  | 135 | 0.54
Turnout  | 24,949 | 27.76
Eligible voters  | 89,863
| Liberal hold | Swing | +4.02
Source: Elections Canada[26][27]

#### Polling

[edit]

Polling Firm  | Last Date
of Polling  | Link  | Liberal | Cons. | NDP | Green | PPC | Others  | Undecided  | Margin
of Error[1] | Sample
Size[2] | Polling Method[3]

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Mainstreet Research | October 27, 2022 | PDF | 38.6 | 35.5 | 6.0 | 4.1 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 13.2 | ±4.3 pp | 521 | IVR

## June 19, 2023 by-elections

[edit]

### Winnipeg South Centre

[edit]

Main article: 2023 Winnipeg South Centre federal by-election

The riding of Winnipeg South Centre was vacated on December 12, 2022, following the death of Liberal MP and former cabinet minister Jim Carr.[4] Carr had represented the riding since 2015, when he defeated Conservative incumbent Joyce Bateman, and had been battling multiple myeloma and kidney failure since 2019. Carr also defeated Bateman in rematches in 2019 and 2021.

Running for the Liberals is Carr's son Ben Carr, an educator and former staffer to Mélanie Joly.[28][29][30] Winnipeg city councillor Sherri Rollins briefly ran for the nomination before withdrawing and throwing her support behind Carr.[31][32]

The Conservatives have nominated Damir Stipanovic, an air traffic controller and member of the Royal Canadian Air Force Reserve.[30]

Running again after previously running in 2021 are NDP candidate Julia Riddell, a clinical psychologist, and Green candidate Doug Hemmerling, a local educator.[30]

The Longest Ballot Committee chose Winnipeg South Centre as its target for this group of byelections; the group protests the first-past-the-post election method by registering large numbers of independents in one riding in an election or group of byelections.[33]

* v
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Canadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Winnipeg South Centre
Death of Jim Carr

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±%
| Liberal | Ben Carr | 14,278 | 55.49 | +9.94
| Conservative | Damir Stipanovic | 6,100 | 23.70 | -4.11
| New Democratic | Julia Riddell | 3,778 | 14.68 | -5.95
| Green | Doug Hemmerling | 698 | 2.71 | -0.04
| People's | Tylor Baer | 324 | 1.26 | -1.51
| Rhinoceros | Sébastien CoRhino | 55 | 0.21 |
| Independent | Tait Palsson | 52 | 0.20 |
| Independent | Jevin David Carroll | 36 | 0.14 |
| Independent | John Dale | 29 | 0.11 |
| Independent | Glen MacDonald | 27 | 0.10 |
| Independent | Connie Lukawski | 24 | 0.09 |
| Independent | Paul Stewart | 22 | 0.09 |
| Independent | Patrick Strzalkowski | 19 | 0.07 |
| Independent | Mark Dejewski | 18 | 0.07 |
| Independent | Stella Galas | 16 | 0.06 |
| Independent | Demetrios Karavas | 16 | 0.06 |
| Independent | Myriam Beaulieu | 14 | 0.05 |
| Independent | Christopher Clacio | 14 | 0.05 |
| Independent | Alain Bourgault | 13 | 0.05 |
| Independent | Martin "Acetaria Caesar" Jubinville | 13 | 0.05 |
| Independent | Krzysztof Krzywinski | 13 | 0.05 |
| Independent | Alain Lamontagne | 11 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Marie-Hélène LeBel | 11 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Jordan Wong | 11 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Line Bélanger | 10 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Andrew Kozakewich | 10 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Eliana Rosenblum | 10 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Gerrit Dogger | 9 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Julie St-Amand | 9 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Alexandra Engering | 8 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Anthony Hamel | 8 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Darcy Justin Vanderwater | 8 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Roger Sherwood | 7 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Pascal St-Amand | 7 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Dji-Pé Frazer | 6 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Daniel Gagnon | 6 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Spencer Rocchi | 6 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Mário Stocco | 6 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Manon Marie Lili Desbiens | 5 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Ysack Émile Dupont | 5 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Yusuf Nasihi | 5 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Jaël Champagne Gareau | 4 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Donovan Eckstrom | 3 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Ryan Huard | 2 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Lorant Polya | 2 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Benjamin Teichman | 2 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Gavin Vanderwater | 2 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Saleh Waziruddin | 1 | 0.00 |
Total valid votes  | 25,733 | 99.52
Total rejected ballots  | 125 | 0.48 | -0.26
Turnout  | 25,858 | 36.82 | -32.79
Eligible voters  | 70,230
| Liberal hold | Swing | +7.02
Source: Elections Canada[34]

### Oxford

[edit]

Main article: 2023 Oxford federal by-election

The riding of Oxford was vacated on January 28, 2023, following the resignation of Conservative MP Dave MacKenzie, who had held the seat since 2004.[5]

Arpan Khanna, the party's national outreach chair and 2019 candidate in Brampton North[35] defeated Woodstock city-county councillor Deb Tait, MacKenzie's daughter and former ministerial staffer Rick Roth for the Conservative nomination.[36][37] Gerrit Van Dorland, executive assistant to Cypress Hills—Grasslands MP Jeremy Patzer was running for the nomination until he was disqualified by the Conservatives over a dispute about whether he disclosed information to the party.[38] In February 2023, MacKenzie accused the party of supporting Khanna, which he argues is a violation of the party nomination rules based on the Conservative's code of conduct, during the race.[39][40]

Running for the Liberals is local realtor, former educator, and past Woodstock mayoral candidate David Hilderley.[41][42] Citing concerns with the Conservative nomination process, previous MP Dave MacKenzie endorsed Hilderley in April 2023.[41]

Western University professor Cody Groat defeated Matthew Chambers, the party candidate for the riding in the 2019 and 2021 elections for the NDP nomination.[43][44]

* v
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Canadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Oxford
Resignation of Dave MacKenzie

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±%
| Conservative | Arpan Khanna | 16,688 | 42.92 | -4.13
| Liberal | David Hilderley | 14,164 | 36.43 | +15.90
| New Democratic | Cody Groat | 4,053 | 10.42 | -7.86
| Christian Heritage | John Markus | 1,672 | 4.30 | +3.53
| People's | Wendy Martin | 1,278 | 3.29 | -7.36
| Green | Cheryle Baker | 854 | 2.20 | -0.52
| Independent | John The Engineer Turmel | 171 | 0.44 |
Total valid votes  | 38,880 | 99.38
Total rejected ballots  | 243 | 0.62 | +0.01
Turnout  | 39,123 | 39.81 | -25.08
Eligible voters  | 98,270
| Conservative hold | Swing | -10.01
Source: Elections Canada[45]

### Portage—Lisgar

[edit]

Main article: 2023 Portage—Lisgar federal by-election

The riding of Portage—Lisgar was vacated on February 28, 2023, following the resignation of Conservative MP Candice Bergen.[46][7] Bergen, a cabinet minister in the government of Stephen Harper and the interim leader of the Conservative Party and Leader of the Opposition from February to September 2022, had held the seat since 2008.

Bergen's former campaign manager Branden Leslie defeated Rejeanne Caron, the party's 2019 candidate in Saint Boniface—Saint Vital and 2021 candidate in Elmwood—Transcona; Winkler resident Don Cruickshank,[47] Morden-Winkler MLA and former Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba cabinet minister Cameron Friesen;[48] and Lawrence Toet, the MP for Elmwood—Transcona from 2011 to 2015 for the Conservative nomination.[6][49][50] Liz Reimer, a Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba staffer and former assistant to Friesen, and Josh Okello were previously running for the nomination, however after Friesen announced his campaign they withdrew their bids in order to run for the Progressive Conservative nomination in Morden-Winkler.[51][52][53]

Maxime Bernier, who is the former MP Beauce and the current leader of the People's Party of Canada, announced on May 12, 2023, that he would run for the seat.[54][55][56]

The Liberals announced Kerry Smith as their candidate on May 13.[57]

* v
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Canadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—Lisgar
Resignation of Candice Bergen

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±%
| Conservative | Branden Leslie | 20,250 | 64.95 | +12.43
| People's | Max Bernier | 5,352 | 17.16 | −4.42
| Liberal | Kerry Smith | 2,666 | 8.55 | −2.40
| New Democratic | Lisa Tessier-Burch | 2,208 | 7.08 | −6.30
| Green | Nicolas Geddert | 704 | 2.26 | –
Total valid votes  | 31,180 | 99.40
Total rejected ballots  | 188 | 0.60 | −0.15
Turnout  | 31,368 | 45.47 | −20.77
Eligible voters  | 68,988
| Conservative hold | Swing | +8.42
Source: Elections Canada[58]

### Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount

[edit]

Main article: 2023 Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount federal by-election

The riding of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount was vacated on March 8, 2023, following the resignation of Liberal MP Marc Garneau.[8] Garneau, previously the Minister of Transport and Minister of Foreign Affairs in the government of Justin Trudeau, had held the seat since 2008.

Running for the Liberals is Anna Gainey, former president of the party and daughter of former Montreal Canadiens General Manager Bob Gainey.[59][60] Gainey won the Liberal nomination on May 15, 2023, defeating Fred Headon, vice president and general counsel of Air Canada, and 2021 La Pointe-de-l'Île candidate Jonas Fadeu.[61][60]

Human rights activist and Green Party deputy leader Jonathan Pedneault was announced as the party's candidate on May 15, 2023.[62]

* v
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Canadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount
Resignation of Marc Garneau

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±%
| Liberal | Anna Gainey | 11,051 | 50.87 | -2.90
| New Democratic | Jean-François Filion | 3,001 | 13.81 | -5.39
| Conservative | Mathew Kaminski | 2,936 | 13.51 | -0.55
| Green | Jonathan Pedneault | 2,922 | 13.45 | +9.42
| Bloc Québécois | Laurence Massey | 985 | 4.53 | -0.75
| Centrist | Alex Trainman Montagano | 510 | 2.35 |
| People's | Tiny Olinga | 141 | 0.65 | -2.64
| Rhinoceros | Sean Carson | 97 | 0.45 |
| Christian Heritage | Yves Gilbert | 65 | 0.30 | +0.17
| No Affiliation[a] | Félix Vincent Ardea | 18 | 0.08 |
Total valid votes  | 21,726 | 99.25
Total rejected ballots  | 165 | 0.75 | -0.22
Turnout  |  | 29.93 | -32.63
Eligible voters  | 73,152
| Liberal hold | Swing | +1.25
Source: Elections Canada[63]

1. ^ Ardea is a member of the Communist League, an unregistered party; "No Affiliation" is EC's term for leaving the party affiliation blank on a candidate's registration form.

## July 24, 2023 by-election

[edit]

### Calgary Heritage

[edit]

Main article: 2023 Calgary Heritage federal by-election

The riding of Calgary Heritage was vacated on December 31, 2022, following the October 20 announcement from Conservative MP Bob Benzen that he would resign his seat by the end of the year in order to return to the private sector. Benzen had held the seat since a 2017 by-election in which he was elected to replace former Prime Minister and former Conservative leader Stephen Harper.[9][64] The by-election was called for July 24, 2023, following the conclusion of the 2023 Alberta general election.[65]

Shuvaloy Majumdar, global director for Harper's international consulting firm Harper & Associates defeated former parliamentary staffer Quinn Heffron for the Conservative nomination.[66][67][36] Elliot Weinstein was acclaimed as the candidate for the Liberal Party.[68]

* v
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Canadian federal by-election, July 24, 2023: Calgary Heritage
Resignation of Bob Benzen

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±%
| Conservative | Shuv Majumdar | 15,853 | 65.63 | +7.98
| Liberal | Elliot Weinstein | 3,465 | 14.34 | -2.39
| New Democratic | Gurmit Bhachu | 3,429 | 14.20 | -3.21
| People's | Kelly Lorencz | 656 | 2.72 | -2.29
| Green | Ravenmoon Crocker | 407 | 1.68 | +0.26
| Christian Heritage | Larry R. Heather | 144 | 0.60 | \-
| Maverick | Dan Irving | 131 | 0.54 | -0.79
| No Affiliation | Donovan Eckstrom | 71 | 0.29 | \-
Total valid votes  | 24,156 | 100.00
Total rejected ballots  | 57 | 0.24 | -0.34
Turnout  | 24,213 | 28.89 | -37.00
Eligible voters  | 83,799
| Conservative hold | Swing | +5.13
Source: Elections Canada[69]

## March 4, 2024 by-election

[edit]

### Durham

[edit]

Main article: 2024 Durham federal by-election

The riding of Durham, represented by former Conservative leader Erin O'Toole, was vacated on August 1, 2023, following his resignation and retirement from politics.[70][10] O'Toole, who led the party from 2020 to 2022 and served as Minister of Veterans Affairs in the government of Stephen Harper, has held the seat since a 2012 by-election.

Jamil Jivani, conservative commentator and former president of the Canada Strong and Free Network, won the Conservative Party nomination, defeating Theresa Corless, a former Durham Catholic School Board chair.[71]

Robert Rock, a Scugog township councillor, was acclaimed as the candidate for the Liberal Party.[72] Rock previously sought the nomination for the Conservatives,[73] but was not a contestant when the riding association chose its candidate.[74]

The Rhinoceros Party announced its candidate on January 13.[75]

On January 28, 2024, Prime Minister Trudeau announced that the by-election would be held on March 4, 2024.[76]

* v
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Canadian federal by-election, March 4, 2024: Durham
Resignation of Erin O'Toole

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±%
| Conservative | Jamil Jivani | 18,610 | 57.44 | +11.04
| Liberal | Robert Rock | 7,285 | 22.48 | –7.44
| New Democratic | Chris Borgia | 3,363 | 10.38 | –7.14
| People's | Patricia Conlin | 1,435 | 4.43 | –1.07
| Green | Kevin MacKenzie | 698 | 2.15 |
| Independent | Pranay Gunti | 374 | 1.15 |
| Centrist | Khalid Qureshi | 336 | 1.04 |
| United | Grant Abraham | 238 | 0.73 |
| Rhinoceros | Adam Smith | 62 | 0.19 | –0.03
Total valid votes  | 32,401
Total rejected ballots  |
Turnout  | 32,401 | 27.87 | –33.32
Eligible voters  | 116,259
| Conservative hold | Swing | +9.24
Source: Elections Canada[77]

## June 24, 2024 by-election

[edit]

### Toronto—St. Paul's

[edit]

Main article: 2024 Toronto—St. Paul's federal by-election

The riding of Toronto—St. Paul's was vacated on January 16, 2024, following the resignation of Liberal MP Carolyn Bennett.[11][78] Bennett, most recently the Minister of Mental Health and Addictions and Associate Minister of Health in the government of Justin Trudeau, had held the seat since 1997.

Running for the Liberal nomination was Leslie Church, former chief of staff to Chrystia Freeland.[79] She later received formal approval to run for Liberal nomination in Toronto—St. Paul's in April 2024.[80] She ran against Emma Richardson, a senior advisor with Global Affairs Canada’s United Nations division.[81] The Liberal nomination was held on May 1 with Church winning the nomination.[82][83]

Other prospective candidates for the Liberal nomination who declined to run, included former Toronto city councillor Josh Colle; former Ontario MPP Eric Hoskins, who represented the area provincially from 2009 to 2018 and previously served in the provincial cabinets of Dalton McGuinty and Kathleen Wynne, including as Minister of Health and Long-Term Care from 2014 to 2018; and Toronto city councillor Josh Matlow, who has represented the area municipally since 2010; Matlow ultimately decided not to run.[79][84][85] With his riding set to merge with Scarborough Centre at the next election, Don Valley East MP Michael Coteau was seen as a potential candidate, in order to avoid a nomination battle with fellow Liberal MP Salma Zahid; Coteau ultimately declined to run.[84][86]

The Rhinoceros Party announced that Sean Carson would be the candidate on January 13.[75]

The Conservative Party nominated Don Stewart on January 24. He works for the Canadian Investment Regulatory Organization.[87][88]

The NDP announced on April 17 that Amrit Parhar would be the candidate. She works as the Director of Programs at the Institute for Change Leaders, an organization that was founded by Toronto mayor, Olivia Chow.[89] It was previously reported two days earlier by The Hill Times that MPP for Toronto—St. Paul's, Jill Andrew was considering seeking the nomination.[90]

On May 17, the Centrist Party announced Ali Mohiuddin as their candidate.[91]

On May 24, the Green Party announced that Christian Cullis, a constituent coordinator for Ward 11 city councillor Dianne Saxe, would be their candidate.[92] Emma Richardson, who previously lost the Liberal nomination, also sought the Green Party nomination.[93]

On May 28, the People's Party announced that Dennis Wilson would be their candidate.[94]

The Longest Ballot Committee chose to target the riding,[95] resulting in dozens of independent candidates on the ballot.

* v
* t
* e

Canadian federal by-election, June 24, 2024: Toronto—St. Paul's
Resignation of Carolyn Bennett

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±%
| Conservative | Don Stewart | 15,565 | 42.11 | +16.81
| Liberal | Leslie Church | 14,932 | 40.40 | -8.82
| New Democratic | Amrit Parhar | 4,073 | 11.02 | -5.81
| Green | Christian Cullis | 1,057 | 2.86 | -3.13
| People's | Dennis Wilson | 238 | 0.64 | -2.02
| Independent | Jonathan Schachter | 97 | 0.26 |
| Independent | Mário Stocco | 82 | 0.22 |
| Marxist–Leninist | Meñico Turcotte | 59 | 0.16 |
| Rhinoceros | Sean Carson | 51 | 0.14 |
| Independent | Thibaud Mony | 51 | 0.14 |
| Independent | Glen MacDonald | 42 | 0.11 |
| Independent | Mélodie Anderson | 39 | 0.11 |
| Independent | Demetrios Karavas | 37 | 0.10 |
| No Affiliation | Stephen Davis | 36 | 0.10 |
| Independent | Jordan Wong | 31 | 0.08 |
| Marijuana | Danny Légaré | 30 | 0.08 |
| Independent | Alex Banks | 27 | 0.07 |
| Centrist | Ali Mohiuddin | 26 | 0.07 |
| Independent | Jaël Champagne Gareau | 23 | 0.06 |
| Independent | Michael Bednarski | 18 | 0.05 |
| Independent | John Dale | 18 | 0.05 |
| Independent | Pierre Larochelle | 17 | 0.05 |
| Independent | Joshua Bram Hieu Pham | 17 | 0.05 |
| Independent | Marie-Hélène LeBel | 16 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Guillaume Paradis | 16 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Daniel Andrew Graham | 13 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Pierre Granger | 13 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Julie St-Amand | 13 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Loren Hicks | 12 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Matéo Martin | 12 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Blake Hamilton | 11 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Line Bélanger | 10 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Charles Currie | 10 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Cory Deville | 10 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Alexandra Engering | 10 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Daniel Stuckless | 10 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Erle Stanley Bowman | 9 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Anthony Hamel | 9 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Pascal St-Amand | 9 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Sébastien CoRhino | 8 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Mark Dejewski | 8 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Daniel Gagnon | 8 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Agnieszka Marszalek | 8 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Olivier Renaud | 8 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Patrick Strzalkowski | 8 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Donald Gagnon | 7 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Benjamin Teichman | 7 | 0.02 |
| Independent | MarthaLee Aykroyd | 6 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Myriam Beaulieu | 6 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Kubera Desai | 6 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Donovan Eckstrom | 6 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Kevin Krisa | 6 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Lorant Polya | 6 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Roger Sherwood | 6 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Elliot Wand | 6 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Michal Wieczorek | 6 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Maxime Boivin | 5 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Martin Acetaria Caesar Jubinville | 5 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Jean-Denis Parent Boudreault | 4 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Léthycia-Félix Corriveau | 4 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Ysack Dupont | 4 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Dji-Pé Frazer | 4 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Zornitsa Halacheva | 4 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Alain Lamontagne | 4 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Renée Lemieux | 4 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Danimal Preston | 4 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Spencer Rocchi | 4 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Yogo Shimada | 4 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Darcy Vanderwater | 4 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Mylène Bonneau | 3 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Guillaume Gagnier-Michel | 3 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Kerri Hildebrandt | 3 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Krzysztof Krzywinski | 3 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Connie Lukawski | 3 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Wallace Richard Rowat | 3 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Gavin Vanderwater | 3 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Alain Bourgault | 2 | 0.01 |
| No Affiliation | Manon Marie Lili Desbiens | 2 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Gerrit Dogger | 2 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Samuel Ducharme | 2 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Yusuf Kadir Nasihi | 2 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Winston Neutel | 2 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Jacques Saintonge | 2 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Felix-Antoine Hamel | 0 | 0.00 |
Total valid votes  | 36,962
Total rejected ballots  |
Turnout  |  | 43.52 | -21.96
Eligible voters  | 84,934
| Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | +12.76

## September 16, 2024 by-elections

[edit]

### LaSalle—Émard—Verdun

[edit]

Main article: 2024 LaSalle—Émard—Verdun federal by-election

The riding of LaSalle—Émard—Verdun was vacated on February 1, 2024, following the resignation of Liberal MP David Lametti.[96] Lametti, who previously served as Minister of Justice and Attorney General in the government of Justin Trudeau, won the seat in 2015.

On July 19, Montreal city councillor Laura Palestini was selected by the Liberals as their candidate despite others seeking the nomination[97] such as Eddy Kara, a political strategist,[98] Christopher Baenninger, Quebec Liberal candidate in Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques in 2022 and Saint-Henri–Sainte-Anne in 2023,[99] and Lori Morrison, Electoral Division 1 Commissioner of the Lester B. Pearson School Board.[99]

On March 28, Craig Sauvé, independent city councillor for the district of Saint-Henri—Little-Burgundy—Pointe-Saint-Charles announced that he was standing for nomination for the New Democratic Party's candidate.[100] He was officially nominated as the candidate on April 28.[101]

On July 19, the Conservative Party announced that their candidate would be Louis Ialenti, a small business owner. He was previously the Conservative candidate for Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel in 2021.[102]

The Bloc Québécois candidate will be Louis-Philippe Sauvé, the communications and administration coordinator at the Institute for Research in Contemporary Economics.[103]

Gregory Yablunovsky will be the PPC candidate. He was previously the party's candidate in Saint-Laurent in 2021 and La Prairie in 2019.[104]

On May 27, it was announced that Jency Mercier had won the nomination race for the Green Party.[105]

Alain Paquette will be the Christian Heritage Party candidate.[106]

On July 17, the Rhinoceros Party announced that party leader Sébastien CoRhino would be the candidate.[107]

The Longest Ballot Committee announced LaSalle—Émard—Verdun as their next target following the Toronto—St. Paul's byelection, changing the name on their X.com account to reflect this.[108]

On August 14, the newly announced[109] Canadian Future Party announced that its candidate would be business strategist and entrepreneur Mark Khoury.[110]

* v
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* e

Canadian federal by-election, September 16, 2024: LaSalle—Émard—Verdun
Resignation of David Lametti

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±%
| Bloc Québécois | Louis-Philippe Sauvé | 8,884 | 28.02 | +5.93
| Liberal | Laura Palestini | 8,636 | 27.23 | -15.69
| New Democratic | Craig Sauvé | 8,262 | 26.05 | +6.70
| Conservative | Louis Ialenti | 3,676 | 11.59 | +4.14
| Green | Jency Mercier | 567 | 1.79 | -1.25
| Independent | Tina Jiu Ru Zhu | 197 | 0.62 |
| People's | Gregory Yablunovsky | 156 | 0.49 | -2.89
| Canadian Future | Mark Khoury | 103 | 0.32 |
| Independent | Pierre Samson | 78 | 0.25 |
| Rhinoceros | Sébastien CoRhino | 67 | 0.21 |
| Christian Heritage | Alain Paquette | 54 | 0.17 |
| Marijuana | Steve Berthelot | 52 | 0.16 |
| Independent | Lanna Palsson | 49 | 0.15 |
| No Affiliation | Myriam Beaulieu | 47 | 0.15 |
| Marxist–Leninist | Normand Chouinard | 41 | 0.13 |
| Independent | Marie-Hélène LeBel | 39 | 0.12 |
| Independent | Line Bélanger | 31 | 0.10 |
| Independent | John "The Engineer" Turmel | 25 | 0.08 |
| Independent | Laura Vegys | 22 | 0.07 |
| No Affiliation | Manon Marie Lili Desbiens | 21 | 0.07 |
| Independent | Alain Bourgault | 20 | 0.06 |
| Independent | Peter Barry Clarke | 20 | 0.06 |
| Independent | Julie St-Amand | 20 | 0.06 |
| Independent | Charles Lemieux | 19 | 0.06 |
| Independent | Mark Moutter | 19 | 0.06 |
| Independent | Guillaume Paradis | 18 | 0.06 |
| Independent | Felix-Antoine Hamel | 17 | 0.05 |
| Independent | Hans Armando Vargas | 17 | 0.05 |
| Independent | Alex Banks | 16 | 0.05 |
| Independent | Marc Corriveau | 16 | 0.05 |
| Independent | Martin Croteau | 16 | 0.05 |
| Independent | Matéo Martin | 16 | 0.05 |
| Independent | Daniel St-Pierre | 16 | 0.05 |
| Independent | Nassim Barhoumi | 15 | 0.05 |
| Independent | Daniel Gagnon | 15 | 0.05 |
| Independent | Agnieszka Marszalek | 15 | 0.05 |
| Independent | Marie-Eve Vermette | 15 | 0.05 |
| Independent | Mylène Bonneau | 14 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Jacques-Eric Guy | 14 | 0.04 |
| No Affiliation | Fang Hu | 14 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Alain Lamontagne | 14 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Connie Lukawski | 14 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Glen MacDonald | 14 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Martin Acetaria Caesar Jubinville | 13 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Andrew Davidson | 13 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Ryan Huard | 13 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Réal BatRhino Martel | 12 | 0.04 |
| Independent | John Dale | 12 | 0.04 |
| Independent | John Francis O'Flynn | 12 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Mário Stocco | 12 | 0.04 |
| Independent | Christian Baril | 11 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Michael Bednarski | 11 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Samuel Ducharme | 11 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Alexandra Engering | 11 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Antony George Ernest Marcil | 11 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Yusuf Nasihi | 11 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Jaël Champagne Gareau | 10 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Danny Légaré | 10 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Timothy Schoen | 10 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Mark Dejewski | 9 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Krzysztof Krzywinski | 9 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Judy D. Hill | 8 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Grayson Pollard | 8 | 0.03 |
| Independent | Jeani Boudreault | 7 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Donovan Eckstrom | 7 | 0.02 |
| No Affiliation | Katy Le Rougetel | 7 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Lorant Polya | 7 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Adam Smith | 6 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Gavin Vanderwater | 6 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Jordan Wong | 6 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Dji-Pé Frazer | 5 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Lajos Polya | 5 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Roger Sherwood | 5 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Michael Skirzynski | 5 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Pascal St-Amand | 5 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Elliot Wand | 5 | 0.02 |
| Independent | Gerrit Dogger | 4 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Harout Manougian | 4 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Patrick Strzalkowski | 4 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Darcy Justin Vanderwater | 4 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Erle Stanley Bowman | 3 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Anthony Hamel | 3 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Blake Hamilton | 3 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Spencer Rocchi | 3 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Benjamin Teichman | 3 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Winston Neutel | 2 | 0.01 |
| Independent | Julian Selody | 2 | 0.01 |
| Independent | David Erland | 1 | 0.00 |
| Independent | Wallace Richard Rowat | 1 | 0.00 |
| Independent | Ysack Dupont | 0 | 0.00 |
| Independent | Daniel Stuckless | 0 | 0.00 |
Total valid votes  | 31,711
Total rejected ballots  |
Turnout  | 31,711 | 39.66 | -20.94
Eligible voters  | 79,966
| Bloc Québécois gain from Liberal | Swing | +10.81

### Elmwood—Transcona

[edit]

Main article: 2024 Elmwood—Transcona federal by-election

The riding of Elmwood—Transcona was vacated on March 31, 2024, following the resignation of NDP MP Daniel Blaikie.[111]

On May 22, Leila Dance, the executive director of the Transcona Business Improvement Zone won the NDP nomination over Leilani Esteban, the executive director of the Chalmers Neighbourhood Renewal Corporation.[112][113]

On July 19, Conservative Party announced Colin Reynolds, a construction electrician as their candidate.[114][115] Lawrence Toet, MP for Elmwood—Transcona, from 2011 to 2015 was considered a potential candidate for the Conservatives.[116]

On July 25, the Liberal Party nominated Ian MacIntyre, a retired teacher and union leader.[117]

Russ Wyatt, Winnipeg city councillor for Transcona, 2002 to 2018, and 2022 to present was pondering a run for either the NDP or the Conservatives. He said that he liked the NDP's domestic policies, but disliked their "woke nonsense," and he aligns with the Conservatives on international views and foreign policy.[118] Ultimately, he decided not to run.[119]

On July 2, the Green Party announced that Nic Geddert had won the nomination race to be their candidate.[120]

The People's Party originally chose Byron Gryba as their candidate.[121][122] However, the party later registered Sarah Couture as the candidate.[123]

* v
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* e

Canadian federal by-election, September 16, 2024: Elmwood—Transcona
Resignation of Daniel Blaikie

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±%
| New Democratic | Leila Dance | 13,597 | 48.18 | -1.51
| Conservative | Colin Reynolds | 12,415 | 44.00 | +15.87
| Liberal | Ian MacIntyre | 1,362 | 4.83 | -9.92
| Green | Nicolas Geddert | 360 | 1.28 | -0.34
| People's | Sarah Couture | 353 | 1.25 | -4.57
| Canadian Future | Zbig Strycharz | 132 | 0.47 | —
Total valid votes  | 28,219 | 99.62
Total rejected ballots  | 107 | 0.38
Turnout  | 28,326 | 39.16 | -20.46
Eligible voters  | 72,325
| New Democratic hold | Swing | -8.73
Source: Elections Canada[124]

## December 16, 2024 by-election

[edit]

### Cloverdale—Langley City

[edit]

Main article: 2024 Cloverdale—Langley City federal by-election

The riding of Cloverdale—Langley City was vacated on May 31, 2024, upon the resignation of Liberal MP John Aldag to successfully seek the BC NDP nomination for Langley-Abbotsford in the 2024 British Columbia general election.[125]

Former MP Tamara Jansen, who defeated Aldag in 2019 before losing a rematch in 2021 was the Conservative candidate.[126] She won the nomination on October 21, 2024.[127]

Running for the PPC was Ian Kennedy, who was the candidate for the party in 2021 and 2019.[128]

On November 10, 2024, the writ for the byelection was issued. The byelection was scheduled to be held on December 16, 2024.[129] Nominations closed on November 25, 2024.[130]

* v
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* e

Canadian federal by-election, December 16, 2024: Cloverdale—Langley City
Resignation of John Aldag

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±%
| Conservative | Tamara Jansen | 9,936 | 66.23 | +30.13
| Liberal | Madison Fleischer | 2,411 | 16.07 | -23.13
| New Democratic | Vanessa Sharma | 1,879 | 12.52 | -7.36
| Green | Patrick McCutcheon | 580 | 3.87 | —
| People's | Ian Kennedy | 134 | 0.89 | -3.92
| Libertarian | Alex Joehl | 62 | 0.41 | —
Total valid votes  | 15,002
Total rejected ballots  | 28 | 0.19 | -0.76
Turnout  | 15,030 | 16.33 | -44.52
Eligible voters  | 92,061
| Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | +26.63
Source: Elections Canada[131]

## Cancelled by-election

[edit]

### Halifax

[edit]

The riding of Halifax was vacated on August 31, 2024, upon the resignation of Liberal MP Andy Fillmore who ran in the 2024 Halifax mayoral election.[12]

On November 26, 2023, Lisa Roberts was nominated to represent the NDP in the next general election.[132] She was the previous candidate for the NDP in Halifax in 2021 and is the former MLA for the provincial district of Halifax Needham, having held office from 2016 to 2021.

On October 3, 2024, The Conservative Party nominated Mark Boudreau as their candidate. He is the Director of Communications for the Government of Nova Scotia.[133] He is also the Communications Chair for the Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia.[134] Also seeking the Conservative nomination was Rahul Tiwari.[135]

Jonah Morgan is the PPC candidate.[136] He replaces Kelsey Green, an earlier candidate who withdrew sometime before late February.

The Liberal Party announced Shannon Miedema as their candidate on March 1, 2025.[137] She is the director of environment and climate change for Halifax Regional Municipality.[138]

The Canadian Future Party announced Megan Harris as their candidate on March 19, 2025.[139]

On March 2, 2025, a byelection was scheduled to he held on April 14, 2025. The by-election was cancelled on March 23, 2025 when the 2025 Canadian federal election was called for April 28, 2025.

## Other vacancies

[edit]

### Honoré-Mercier

[edit]

The riding of Honoré-Mercier was vacated on January 20, 2025, upon the resignation of Liberal-turned-Independent MP Pablo Rodriguez to run in the 2025 Quebec Liberal Party leadership election.[140] As the vacancy occurred within nine months of the fixed election date of October 20, 2025, the seat remained vacant until the dissolution of the 44th Parliament.[2]

### Esquimalt—Saanich—Sooke

[edit]

The riding of Esquimalt—Saanich—Sooke was vacated on January 30, 2025, upon the resignation of New Democratic MP Randall Garrison.[141] As the vacancy occurred within nine months of the fixed election date of October 20, 2025, the seat remained vacant until the dissolution of the 44th Parliament.[2]

### Eglinton—Lawrence

[edit]

The riding of Eglinton—Lawrence was vacated on March 14, 2025, upon the resignation of Liberal MP Marco Mendicino. As the vacancy occurred within nine months of the fixed election date of October 20, 2025, the seat remained vacant until the dissolution of the 44th Parliament.[2]

## Notes

[edit]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Q&A: The NDP and Liberals have a confidence and supply agreement. So what is it?". The Toronto Star. 2022-03-22. ISSN 0319-0781. Retrieved 2022-05-19.
2. ^ a b c d e "The Calling of a Federal By-election". Elections Canada. Archived from the original on 2024-08-09. Retrieved 2025-02-09.
3. ^ a b Tumilty, Ryan (May 18, 2022). "Liberal MP Sven Spengemann to resign from GTA seat almost eight months after re-election". Montreal Gazette. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
4. ^ a b Aiello, Rachel (December 12, 2022). "Liberal MP and former cabinet minister Jim Carr dies". CTV News. Retrieved December 12, 2022.
5. ^ a b "Dave MacKenzie Announces Retirement Plans". 104.7 Heart FM. Retrieved 2022-12-15.
6. ^ a b Sanders, Carol (January 24, 2023). "Former PC staffer plans to take run at Portage-Lisgar seat". The Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
7. ^ a b "Profile – Bergen, Candice". Library of Parliament. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
8. ^ a b Raycraft, Richard (March 8, 2023). "Former cabinet minister Marc Garneau resigning from House of Commons". CBC News. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
9. ^ a b "Conservative MP announces intention to step away from politics". CBC News. October 20, 2022. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
10. ^ a b D'Andrea, Aaron (March 31, 2023). "Erin O'Toole, former Conservative leader, leaving politics: "Honour of a lifetime"". Global News. Retrieved April 1, 2023.
11. ^ a b Rabson, Mia (December 12, 2023). "Carolyn Bennett stepping down as Liberal MP for Toronto-St. Paul's after 26 years". The Canadian Press. Retrieved December 22, 2023.
12. ^ a b Andy Fillmore 🇨🇦 [@AndyFillmoreHFX] (2024-08-31). "[...] After nearly nine years, today is officially my last day as the Member of Parliament for Halifax. [...]" (Tweet). Retrieved 2024-09-03 - via Twitter.
13. ^ Sampson, Andrew (March 2, 2025). "Prime minister sets April date for byelection in Halifax riding". CBC News. Retrieved March 2, 2025.
14. ^ a b c d e f g h Elections Canada (May 14, 2023). "Federal By-elections Now Under Way". Retrieved May 14, 2023.
15. ^ "Prime Minister announces by-election in Calgary Heritage". 16 June 2023.
16. ^ a b Elections Canada (19 May 2024). "Federal By-election Now Under Way in Toronto–St. Paul's". Retrieved 19 May 2024.
17. ^ a b c d "Trudeau announces dates for Manitoba and Quebec byelections". CTV News. July 28, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
18. ^ a b CBC News (November 10, 2024). "Federal byelection called in B.C.'s Cloverdale-Langley City riding". Retrieved November 10, 2024.
19. ^ a b Rana, Abbas (June 3, 2022). "Former Ontario finance minister Sousa not ruling out run for federal Liberal nomination in coveted Mississauga-Lakeshore riding". The Hill Times. Retrieved June 3, 2022.
20. ^ a b c Rana, Abbas (October 17, 2022). "'High stakes' byelection in Mississauga-Lakeshore considered 'first battle of the next general election campaign,' say political insiders". The Hill Times. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
21. ^ Callan, Isaac (November 5, 2022). "Former Ontario finance minister Charles Sousa set to run in federal byelection". Global News. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
22. ^ Rana, Abbas (October 31, 2022). "Alex Crombie could seek Liberal nomination for byelection in Mississauga-Lakeshore". The Hill Times. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
23. ^ Cornwell, Steven (August 20, 2022). "'NDP and Green Party announce candidates for upcoming Mississauga federal byelection". Mississauga News. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
24. ^ Sébastien CoRhino (November 9, 2022). "Done deal. Next thing: I'll win this election. Get ready Mississauga!!!!". Facebook. Retrieved November 13, 2022.
25. ^ Patrick Cain (November 22, 2022). "Mississauga-Lakeshore byelection will have at least 40 candidates, a national record". ipolitics.ca. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
26. ^ "Election Candidates - By-election - December 12, 2022". Elections Canada. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
27. ^ "Election Night Results - Electoral Districts". Elections Canada. 16 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
28. ^ Kives, Bartley (January 2, 2023). "Ben Carr, son of late Liberal MP, mulls following in father's footsteps in Winnipeg South Centre". CBC News. Retrieved January 3, 2023.
29. ^ "Son of late MP Jim Carr to seek Liberal party nomination to run in Winnipeg riding". CTV News. 2023-02-02. Retrieved 2023-02-03.
30. ^ a b c Kives, Bartley (April 28, 2023). "Candidate field almost set for Winnipeg South Centre byelection". CBC News. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
31. ^ Froese, Ian (January 11, 2023). "Winnipeg city councillor Sherri Rollins seeks federal Liberal nomination in byelection". CBC News. Retrieved January 11, 2023.
32. ^ "Sherri Rollins bows out of bid for Liberal nomination to replace late Winnipeg MP". Global News. Retrieved 2023-02-14.
33. ^ Unger, Danton (25 May 2023). "Group of political activists plan to flood by-election ballot in Winnipeg". CTV News. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
34. ^ "June 19, 2023, by-elections—Official Voting Results". Elections Canada. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
35. ^ "'Hijacked': Riding officials quit after heated Conservative nomination fight". lfpress. Retrieved 2023-04-09.
36. ^ a b Rana, Abbas (January 6, 2023). "Conservative Party's outreach chair Khanna to duke it out with Tory MP MacKenzie's daughter Tait and former Hill staffer Roth in coveted Oxford, Ont., nomination bid". The Hill Times. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
37. ^ Rana, Abbas (January 16, 2023). "Tory MP Patzer's Hill staffer, Van Dorland, announces his candidacy for coveted Conservative nomination in Oxford, Ont". The Hill Times. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
38. ^ "Conservatives defend ousting Ontario candidate amid anger from anti-abortion group". Global News. Retrieved 2023-03-16.
39. ^ "'It pains me to do this': former Tory MP MacKenzie blasts Poilievre and Scheer for favouring Oxford, Ont., nomination candidate". The Hill Times. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
40. ^ "Election meddling top of mind in Tory nomination race facing membership fraud complaints". The Hill Times. Retrieved 2023-03-24.
41. ^ a b "Former Ontario Tory MP backing Liberal in byelection in riding". The Globe and Mail. 2023-04-24. Retrieved 2023-04-25.
42. ^ @liberal_party (May 15, 2023). "David Hilderley is a dedicated community leader, retired educator, and successful real estate agent. As our Liberal candidate for the by-election in Oxford, he's ready to continue working for the people and families across his community as their next Liberal MP" (Tweet). Retrieved May 15, 2023 - via Twitter.
43. ^ "Amid Conservative divide in stronghold Oxford, NDP eye byelection opening". lfpress. Retrieved 2023-04-09.
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