By-wire

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By-wire refers to technologies in which a system is controlled using electrical or electronic means rather than by a mechanical linkage that transfers force from the input to the system. The concept is used in aviation and in the automotive industry.[1] By analogy, it may refer to managing by wire, a management style relying on an informational representations of the business, similar to fly-by-wire pilots who rely on an informational representation of the plane.[2]

By-wire concepts and systems include:

* Drive by wire in automotive contexts
* Accelerate-by-wire or throttle-by-wire,[3] more commonly known as electronic throttle control
* Brake-by-wire
* Shift-by-wire in automatic transmissions that are manumatic or in automated manual transmissions. This may include park by wire which actuates the parking pawl as part of the shifting system.
* Steer-by-wire
* Fly-by-wire in aviation contexts
* Power-by-wire, a system which actuates the aircraft's flight controls with electrical actuators in place of hydraulic actuators.[4]

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## References

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1. ^ Tom Wilkinson (March 1986), "Computerized gas pedal throttles wheelspin", Popular Science, 228 (3): 38H, ISSN 0161-7370
2. ^ Peppers, Don; Rogers, Martha (2004). Managing Customer Relationships: A Strategic Framework. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 110–111. ISBN 978-0-471-65641-8. Retrieved 2018-12-25.
3. ^ John Fuller (April 28, 2009), "How Drive-by-wire Technology Works", HowStuffWorks
4. ^ "Power-By-Wire", Avionic, May 2001, archived from the original on June 27, 2017, retrieved July 23, 2023