C.S. Unnikrishnan

Indian physicist and professor (born 1962)

C.S. Unnikrishnan

Unnikrishnan in 2023

Born|  (1962-07-25) 25 July 1962 (age 63)

Kalady, Keralam, India

Nationality| Indian
Alma mater| Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
University of Mumbai
Occupation(s)| Professor,
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, India;
Professor, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, India;
Adjunct Professor,
Indian Institute of Astrophysics, India;
Parent| C.K. Sivarama Pillai: G.Kalyanikutty Amma
Awards| Breakthrough Prize in Physics (2016)
Gruber Prize in Cosmology (2016)

C. S. Unnikrishnan (born 25 July 1962) is an Indian physicist and professor known for his contributions in multiple areas of experimental and theoretical physics. He has been a professor at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research[1] Mumbai and is currently a professor in the School of Quantum Technology at the Defence Institute of Advanced Technology[2] in Pune. He has made significant contributions in foundational issues in gravity[3][4][5][6][7] and quantum physics and has published over 250 research papers and articles.[8][9][10] Unnikrishnan is also a key member of the LIGO-India[11][12][13][14][15] project and a member of the global LIGO Scientific Collaboration[16][17][18]

## Education

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Unnikrishnan received his M.Sc. degree from Indian Institute of Technology, Madras and his Ph.D. from the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, University of Mumbai. He has also been a visiting researcher at the Kastler-Brossel Laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris and at the University of Paris 13.

## Research contributions

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Unnikrishnan is a renowned researcher in the field of foundational issues in gravity[19][20][21][17] and quantum physics,[22] including quantum optics.[23] His expertise lies in experimental physics, and he has been instrumental in setting up the laser-cooling laboratory at TIFR,[24][25] Mumbai. He is well-versed in the use of torsion balances,[26] interferometers,[27][28] laser cooled atoms,[29] and Bose-Einstein Condensates[30] for his experiments.[31]

Unnikrishnan's major theoretical contributions include the Theory of Cosmic Relativity[32][33][7][34] and Universal Action Mechanics. These theories have provided new insights into our understanding of the interplay between gravity and quantum mechanics, and have opened up new avenues for further research. Cosmic Relativity,[35] replaces current theories of dynamics and relativity and argues that all relativistic phenomena and laws of dynamics are controlled by the gravitational potentials of matter and energy in the universe.[6] It provides evidence and solutions to several major issues in fundamental physics.[36]

The discovery of the quantization of the Hall effect, where the movement of electrons is restricted to a 2-D plane, was characterized by quantized plateaus in the Hall resistance and has a simple theory for the integer quantum Hall effect,[37] but there is still no proper understanding of the more spectacular fractional quantum Hall effect.[37] The Cosmic Relativity theory offers a comprehensive understanding of both integer and fractional effects by modifying the quantum degeneracy due to cosmic gravitomagnetic interaction.[38]

## Professional accomplishments

[edit]

Awards

* Breakthrough Prize in Physics (2016)
* Gruber Prize in Cosmology (2016)

Unnikrishnan is a key member and proposer-scientist of the LIGO-India[39] project and has been a member of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC).[16] He has made a significant impact in the field of gravitational waves[40][24] as he shared the Breakthrough Prize in Physics[41] and the Gruber Prize in Cosmology[42] with the LSC in 2016 for their groundbreaking discovery.

He has held academic positions at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)[1] Mumbai, India, School of Quantum Technology at the Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT) [2] Pune, India and Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Bangalore, India.

Unnikrishnan has published over 250 research papers and articles, and is also the author of two major works:[21][20] his first monograph "Gravity's Time"[20] and a major treatise "New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe".[43] The treatise, which presents a new and innovative perspective on the foundational basis of relativity,[44] has had a major impact in the field. The latter book calls for a change in the foundational basis of relativity and provides a solution to outstanding questions and puzzles about dynamics and relativity.

## Books authored

[edit]

* Gravity's Time[45]
* New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe[46]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "CS Unnikrishnan | Tata Institute of Fundamental Research - Academia.edu". tifr.academia.edu. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
2. ^ a b "Faculty". School of Quantum Technologies. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
3. ^ Relativity@Helsinki, 25 August 2020, retrieved 4 March 2023
4. ^ Unnikrishnan, C.S. (2022). New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe. Fundamental Theories of Physics. Vol. 209\. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0. ISBN 978-3-031-08934-3. S2CID 253304794.
5. ^ Unnikrishnan, C.S. (2022). "Gravity's Time". Routledge & CRC Press. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
6. ^ a b Vijayan, Vipin (8 January 2023). "Asianet News Dialogues: 'Einstein's theory of relativity is incorrect, must be totally replaced'". Asianet. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
7. ^ a b T. P., Sooraj (21 June 2022). "ഐന്‍സ്റ്റീന്‍ സിദ്ധാന്തങ്ങളെ അടിമുടി നിരാകരിക്കുന്ന കണ്ടെത്തലുകള്‍". Samakalika Malayalam (in Malayalam). Retrieved 19 February 2023.
8. ^ "CS Unnikrishnan". scholar.google.co.in. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
9. ^ C.S, Unnikrishnan. "JSTOR: Search Results". www.jstor.org. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
10. ^ rasaraja1979 (8 July 2017). "Prof. C. S. Unnikrishnan". Bhaktivedanta Institute. Retrieved 22 February 2023.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
11. ^ "TIFR played a crucial role in gravitational wave detection". The Times of India. 12 February 2016. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
12. ^ "IndIGO-GWIC-11". studylib.net. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
13. ^ R, Ramachandran (18 September 2010). "India set for building prototype gravitational wave detector". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
14. ^ C.S., Unnikrishnan (2013). "IndIGO AND LIGO-INDIA: SCOPE AND PLANS FOR GRAVITATIONAL WAVE RESEARCH AND PRECISION METROLOGY IN INDIA". International Journal of Modern Physics D. 22 (1). arXiv:1510.06059. Bibcode:2013IJMPD..2241010U. doi:10.1142/S0218271813410101. S2CID 119297978.
15. ^ Talk 5 - Surfing in Physics with the Waves of Gravity and Electromagnetism - Prof. C S Unnikrishnan, 3 August 2020, retrieved 22 February 2023
16. ^ a b "The LIGO Team Members | Gruber Foundation". gruber.yale.edu. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
17. ^ a b Galileo, Time and Space: Gravity affecting clocks, 4 September 2008, retrieved 21 February 2023
18. ^ R., Ramachandran (24 October 2018). "The Prize and many firsts". frontline.thehindu.com. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
19. ^ LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration; Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.; Abernathy, M. R.; Acernese, F.; Ackley, K.; Adams, C.; Adams, T.; Addesso, P.; Adhikari, R. X.; Adya, V. B.; Affeldt, C.; Agathos, M.; Agatsuma, K. (11 February 2016). "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger". Physical Review Letters. 116 (6): 061102. arXiv:1602.03837. Bibcode:2016PhRvL.116f1102A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102. PMID 26918975. S2CID 119286014.
20. ^ a b c C.S., Unnikrishnan. "Gravity's Time". Jenny Stanford Publishing. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
21. ^ a b C.S, Unnikrishnan (2022). New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe. Fundamental Theories of Physics. Vol. 209\. Switzerland: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0. ISBN 978-3-031-08934-3. S2CID 253304794.
22. ^ d'Espagnat, Bernard (21 February 2003). "On the Unnikrishnan approach to the notion of locality". arXiv:quant-ph/0302167.
23. ^ Unnikrishnan, C. S. (23 December 2019). "Quantum Noise in Balanced Differential Measurements in Optics: Implication to the Wave Modes of Quantum Vacuum". arXiv:1912.11362 [quant-ph].
24. ^ a b G. S., Mudur. "Bose-Einstein feat in India". www.telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
25. ^ "- a-n The Artists Information Company". Retrieved 19 February 2023.
26. ^ Unnikrishnan, C S (1 June 1994). "Experimental gravitation in India: progress and challenges". Classical and Quantum Gravity. 11 (6A): A195 – A206. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/11/6A/015. ISSN 0264-9381. S2CID 250885722.
27. ^ C. S., Unnikrishnan (July 2000). "Origin of quantum-mechanical complementarity without momentum back action in atom-interferometry experiments". Physical Review A. 62 (1): 015601. Bibcode:2000PhRvA..62a5601U. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.62.015601.
28. ^ C. S., Unnikrishnan (3 December 2012). "Reexamining the roles of gravitational and inertial masses in gravimetry with atom interferometers". Physics Letters A. 377 (1–2): 60–63\. Bibcode:2012PhLA..377...60U. doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2012.11.012.1–2&rft.pages=60-63&rft.date=2012-12-03&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.physleta.2012.11.012&rft_id=info:bibcode/2012PhLA..377...60U&rft.aulast=C.+S.&rft.aufirst=Unnikrishnan&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2012.11.012&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:C.S.+Unnikrishnan" class="Z3988">
29. ^ ayecapitalist (18 December 2011). "Capitalist Muse".
30. ^ Pereira Dos Santos, F.; Léonard, J.; Wang, Junmin; Barrelet, C. J.; Perales, F.; Rasel, E.; Unnikrishnan, C. S.; Leduc, M.; Cohen-Tannoudji, C. (16 April 2001). "Bose-Einstein Condensation of Metastable Helium". Physical Review Letters. 86 (16): 3459–3462\. arXiv:cond-mat/0103387. Bibcode:2001PhRvL..86.3459D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3459. PMID 11327998.
31. ^ The Unknown Real Nature of Light: ROWS 2020 Prof C S UNNIKRISHNAN, 18 October 2020, retrieved 22 February 2023
32. ^ Unnikrishnan, C. S. (2022), "Cosmic Gravity and the Quantum Spin", New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe: The Theory of Cosmic Relativity and Its Experimental Evidence, Fundamental Theories of Physics, vol. 209, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 373–405, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0_13, ISBN 978-3-031-08935-0, retrieved 23 February 2023
33. ^ Unnikrishnan, C. S. (2022), "Cosmic Relativity—The Theory and itItsrimary Fundamental Results", New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe: The Theory of Cosmic Relativity and Its Experimental Evidence, Fundamental Theories of Physics, vol. 209, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 255–306, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0_10, ISBN 978-3-031-08935-0, retrieved 5 February 2023
34. ^ Namboothiri, VPN. "India's Physics community must lend its ears to Cosmic Relativity that challenges Einstein's theory". Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
35. ^ Talk 6 - Gravity's Time in Physics, Life, and GPS - Prof. C. S. Unnikrishnan, 7 August 2020, retrieved 22 February 2023
36. ^ Unnikrishnan, C. S. (2022), "The Paradigm of Cosmic Relativity and Its Evidence", New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe: The Theory of Cosmic Relativity and Its Experimental Evidence, Fundamental Theories of Physics, vol. 209, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 3–29, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0_1, ISBN 978-3-031-08935-0, retrieved 5 February 2023
37. ^ a b Unnikrishnan, C. S. (2022), "The Quantum Hall Effects: Gravity in Condensed Matter", New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe: The Theory of Cosmic Relativity and Its Experimental Evidence, Fundamental Theories of Physics, vol. 209, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 407–444, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0_14, ISBN 978-3-031-08935-0, retrieved 5 February 2023
38. ^ Unnikrishnan, C. S. (30 September 2021). "A Coherent and Unified Single Particle Description of the Integer and Fractional Quantum Hall Effects". arXiv:2110.00343 [physics.gen-ph].
39. ^ "TIFR played a crucial role in gravitational wave detection". The Times of India. 12 February 2016. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
40. ^ "INSPIRE".
41. ^ "Breakthrough Prize – Special Breakthrough Prize In Fundamental Physics Awarded For Detection Of Gravitational Waves 100 Years After Albert Einstein Predicted Their Existence". breakthroughprize.org. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
42. ^ "2016 Gruber Cosmology Prize Press Release | Gruber Foundation". gruber.yale.edu. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
43. ^ Unnikrishnan, C.S. (2022). New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe. Fundamental Theories of Physics. Vol. 209\. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0. ISBN 978-3-031-08934-3. S2CID 253304794.
44. ^ "Newer theories to the fore at Physical Universe meet". The Times of India. 28 February 2018. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
45. ^ C.S., Unnikrishnan. "Gravity's tTme". Jenny Stanford Publishing. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
46. ^ C.S., Unnikrishnan (2022). New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe. Fundamental Theories of Physics. Vol. 209\. Switzerland: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0. ISBN 978-3-031-08934-3. S2CID 253304794.