COVID-19 lockdowns

Restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic

"COVID lockdowns" and "the lockdowns" redirect here. For the general topic, see Lockdown. For other uses, see Lockdown (disambiguation).

A usually congested highway in Penang, Malaysia, deserted during the Movement Control Order

Healthcare workers in Hong Kong prepare to conduct mass COVID-19 testing of Jordan residents during a localised lockdown.

Scottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon delivers a press conference instructing the public to stay at home during the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland.

At a community quarantine checkpoint in Bohol, Philippines, police officers check a passing jeepney.

Queue in front of a supermarket in Italy caused by social distancing measures and supply shortages during the lockdown

Volunteers in Cape Town pack food parcels to distribute to the needy during the pandemic lockdown in South Africa.

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During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of non-pharmaceutical interventions, particularly lockdowns (encompassing stay-at-home orders, curfews, quarantines, cordons sanitaires and similar societal restrictions), were implemented in numerous countries and territories around the world.[1] By April 2020, about half of the world's population was under some form of lockdown, with more than 3.9 billion people in more than 90 countries or territories having been asked or ordered to stay at home by their governments.[2]

In addition to the health effects of lockdown restrictions,[3] researchers had found the lockdowns may have reduced crime and violence by armed non-state actors, such as the Islamic State, and other terrorist groups.[4] In addition, lockdowns had increased the uptake of telecommuting, reduced airborne pollution, and increased adoption of digital payment systems.

Research has also documented profound negative economic impacts, in addition to worsened school academic performance, and have been met with major protests around the world.[5]

## Efficacy

[edit]

### Voluntary versus mandatory restrictions

[edit]

A member of the Peruvian Army with a police dog enforces curfew on 31 March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru.

One study led by an economist at the University of Chicago found that involuntary lockdowns had little impact, with voluntary distancing making up nearly 90% of the fall in consumer traffic as people feared the virus itself.[6] Similarly, a National Bureau of Economic Research study found stay-at-home orders increased staying at home by just 5–10%.[7] Another study from Yale University found that most social distancing was voluntary, driven primarily by "media coverage of morbidity and mortality".[8]

On the other hand, some studies have argued[9][10] that coercive measures probably decreased interactions, while accepting that most of the reduction may have been voluntary. One of those two studies, by Flaxman et al., has been criticized, among other things for having a country-specific adjustment factor, without which the model would predict a massive number of deaths for Sweden.[11] One widely cited economic simulation asserting that shelter-in-place orders reduced total cases three-fold, however, held voluntary distancing constant.[12] Another study found a 30% difference among border-counties where stay-at-home orders were imposed.[13]

Another study that compared the impact of 'less restrictive interventions' on the spread of COVID-19 in Sweden and South Korea, with mandatory stay-at home orders in 8 other countries, such as France and Spain, did not find evidence for greater disease control in the countries with more restrictions.[14] However, the findings of the study have been questioned due to its numerous limitations, including the small sample size of countries.[15][16]

Some research has also found that an "advisory" approach is not adequate to control COVID-19 outbreaks. An analysis of an outbreak in northern Italy found that an effective reduction in community transmission occurred during a strict national lockdown, and that earlier less stringent measures were ineffective at reducing mobility to a level low enough to reduce the spread of COVID-19.[17]

Since the beginning of the pandemic, Google has consistently collected data on movements, showing rapid declines in public activity long before legal restrictions were imposed.[18] An April 2020 poll found that 93% of Americans voluntarily chose to only leave home when necessary, regardless of legal restrictions.[19]

## Reception

[edit]

A February 2021 review of 348 articles concluded there was acknowledgement of the importance of non-pharmaceutical interventions in controlling the spread of COVID-19.[20] However, later research also acknowledges high societal costs, though in some circumstances less than the costs of allowing the pandemic to spread without mitigation.[20][21][22]

### Related to epidemiology

[edit]

Epidemiological evidence supports generalized non-pharmaceutical interventions to curb the spread of COVID-19.[20][23][24][25]

During the early stages of the pandemic in Europe and the United States, statistical modeling which advised that restrictions were helpful to prevent a large number of deaths were used as the basis for lockdowns.[26] This includes an Imperial College projection, led by epidemiologist Neil Ferguson.[27] Despite some criticisms, academics defended the Imperial projection as fundamentally sound, while admitting the code was "a buggy mess".[28] Retrospective evaluation of lockdowns and computer modeling has verified that they have significantly contributed to reducing mortality and morbidity from COVID-19.[29]

A notable opponent of lockdowns has included Sweden's state epidemiologist Anders Tegnell, who has frequently criticised the strategy.[30][31] The Swedish government's approach has included minimal restrictions and has been controversial in part due to the relatively high death toll due to widespread transmission.[32][33] However, the Swedish government began considering enacting a lockdown in early 2021.[34][35]

While arguing in August 2020 for the need for further lockdowns in the United States, physicians Ranu Dhillon and Abraar Karan argued for "smarter lockdowns" that impose restrictions on areas with high levels of transmission, and to increase support to vulnerable populations in these locations to offset the economic costs.[36]

A number of medical experts signed the Great Barrington Declaration in October 2020 which called for "Focused Protection" on high risk groups and minimal restrictions on the general population to achieve herd immunity through COVID-19 infection. However, the majority of medical experts and the WHO have strongly criticised this proposed strategy for its lack of scientific basis and for being unethical.[24][37][38] The declaration has also attracted controversy over its funding and the authenticity of its signatures.[23][39]

### Related to social impacts

[edit]

See also: Human rights issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic and Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

The lockdowns had multiple effects on people's everyday lives. Some of these were direct effects, such as cancelling or postponing a social event, and others had indirect effects, such as losing a sense of identity.[40] For example, teachers often derive meaning and a sense of life purpose from teaching, but the schools were closed, which caused many of them to feel disconnected from their identity as teachers.[40] Many people also felt that they could not trust that the things (e.g., doorknobs) and people around them were safe.[40] People also lost a sense of time, with the feelings of unpredictability developing into the opposite of the normal human ontological security.[40] Instead of knowing what to do, what to trust, and what to expect in the future, people felt disconnected and at a loss.[40] It also made people more aware of the pre-existing problems they were facing, such as abuse, addiction, and racism.[40] The sociologist Ann Swidler compared the social changes to anomie, an absence of social norms that was first described at the end of the Industrial Revolution, as the prior, socially agreed-upon system of interpersonal connections, values, interdependence, and ideas about normal behavior was set aside, and a new system had not yet emerged.[40]

Some commentators have suggested that stay-at-home orders are unconstitutional, or that states' use of emergency powers to restrict freedom of assembly and movement are authoritarian and may result in long-term democratic backsliding.[41][42] Centralization of power by political leadership in Hungary, Poland, China and Cambodia in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have been cited as examples.[43][44][45] Many states restricted religious gatherings.[46]

Some researchers have noted that COVID-19 pandemic restrictions have come with mental health costs, compounded by those caused by the COVID-19 pandemic itself.[20][47][48][49][50] Systematic reviews and meta-analyses indicate that the COVID-19 lockdowns were associated with increased rates of depression, anxiety, psychological distress, and a decline in health-related quality of life among children and adolescents, largely driven by school closures, social isolation, and disrupted routines.[51] Lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic also led to strained relationships, increased cyberbullying, and physical consequences like abuse, accidental poisonings, and foreign object injuries.[52] Pandemic policies were associated with increased depressive symptoms, decreased physical activity, poorer nutrition, reduced emergency department visits, higher child mortality in Cameroon, a drop in immunizations in Pakistan, and an increase in physical child abuse trauma cases in one U.S. center.[53]

Due to their closure, educational institutions worldwide transitioned to online learning. Teachers and faculty had to learn new ways to engage with students while in a COVID-19 pandemic. Examples of online teaching tools are podcasts, videos, and virtual classrooms.[54][better source needed] Prolonged COVID-19 school closures and the ineffectiveness of remote learning, especially in low- and middle-income countries, exacerbated educational inequities, leading to substantial learning losses that could cost this generation of students $17 trillion in lifetime earnings. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted education for 1.6 billion students at its peak, exacerbating the gender divide with disproportionately greater learning losses among girls and increased risks of child labor, gender-based violence, early marriage, and pregnancy in some countries.[55] School closures during the pandemic resulted in significant learning loss, although some countries managed to limit the impact.[56][53] The closures also led to a significant reduction in child abuse reporting, especially in Florida, where allegations of child abuse and neglect dropped by nearly one-third. This decline has been attributed to the limited access that teachers and school staff had to students, who typically serve as key reporters of child abuse.[53]

UN Women warned in an April 2020 report that COVID-19 pandemic restrictions exacerbate gender inequalities and have led to an increase in domestic violence.[57] Many women were being forced to 'lockdown' at home with their abusers at the same time that services to support survivors are being disrupted or made inaccessible.[58] For instance, in France there was around a 30% spike in cases of violence against women since the lockdown in March 2020.[57]

Telehealth had an important role to allow physicians not to miss the follow-up of patients with different chronic diseases and potentially helped to contain SARS-CoV-2 spreading among both patients and healthcare providers.[59]

In late 2023, former Director of the National Institutes of Health Francis Collins went viral online amongst critics of the lockdown response when he discussed the lack of weight that public health authorities had given to the potential downsides of the lockdown measures when they were formulating the official response to COVID-19.[60]

### Related to economic impacts

[edit]

An anti-lockdown protest at the Ohio Statehouse in April 2020 amid the COVID-19 pandemic in the state Police presence in Melbourne at an anti-lockdown protest

Some economists supported increased government funding for mitigation efforts, even at the cost of tolerating a very large economic contraction.[61] They agreed that lockdowns should continue until the threat of resurgence has declined, even when considering only the economic impact.[62] There was a general agreement, at least in some economic circles, that "severe lockdowns — including closing non-essential businesses and strict limitations on people's movement — are likely to be better for the economy in the medium term than less aggressive measures".[63]

Both the World Food Programme (WFP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have published statements noting the impact of the lockdowns on livelihoods and food security, and David Nabarro, WHO Special Envoy on COVID-19 stated in October 2020 that "lockdowns just have one consequence that you must never ever belittle, and that is making poor people an awful lot poorer".[64][65][66]

### Protests

[edit]

Further information: Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic

There have also been a number of protests worldwide in opposition to lockdowns, including in the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, Canada and New Zealand. The motivations for and sizes of these protests have varied. Some have been spurred by the economic and social impacts of lockdowns, but have also been associated with misinformation related to the pandemic, conspiracy theories and anti-vaccination.[67][68]

## Table of pandemic lockdowns

[edit]

* v
* t
* e

COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns

Country / territory  | Place  | First lockdown  | Second lockdown  | Third lockdown  | Fourth lockdown  | Fifth lockdown  | Sixth lockdown  | Seventh lockdown  | Eighth lockdown  | Total length (days)  | Level

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Start date | End date  | Length (days)  | Start date  | End date  | Length (days)  | Start date  | End date  | Length (days)  | Start date  | End date  | Length (days)  | Start date  | End date  | Length (days)  | Start date  | End date  | Length (days)  | Start date  | End date  | Length (days)  | Start date  | End date  | Length (days)
Albania | 2020-03-13[69] | 2020-06-01[70] | 80  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 80  | National
Algeria | Algiers | 2020-03-23[71] | 2020-05-14[72] | 52  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 52  | City
Blida |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Argentina | Greater Buenos Aires | 2020-03-19[73] | 2020-11-08[74] | 234  | 2021-05-22[75] | 2021-05-30  | 9  | 2021-06-05[76] | 2021-06-06  | 2  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 245  | Metropolitan area
Rest of the country  | 2020-03-19[73] | 2020-05-10[77] | 52  | 2021-05-22[75] | 2021-05-30  | 9  | 2021-06-05[76] | 2021-06-06  | 2  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 63  | National
Armenia | 2020-03-24[78] | 2020-05-04[79] | 41  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 41  | National
Australia | Melbourne | 2020-03-31[80] | 2020-05-12[81][a] | 43  | 2020-07-09[b][82][83] | 2020-10-27[84] | 111  | 2021-02-13[85] | 2021-02-17[85] | 5  | 2021-05-28[86] | 2021-06-10[87] | 14  | 2021-07-16[88] | 2021-07-27[89] | 12  | 2021-08-05[90] | 2021-10-21[91] | 78  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 263  | Metropolitan area
Greater Shepparton | 2020-03-31  | 2020-05-12[81] | 43  | 2020-08-06[83] | 2020-09-16[83] | 41  | 2021-02-13[85] | 2021-02-17[85] | 5  | 2021-05-28  | 2021-06-03  | 7  | 2021-07-16[88] | 2021-07-27[89] | 12  | 2021-08-05[90] | 2021-08-09  | 5  | 2021-08-21[92] | 2021-09-15[93][94] | 25  | 2021-10-02[95] | 2021-10-09[96] | 7  | 145  | Local government area
Ballarat | 2020-03-31  | 2020-05-12[81] | 43  | 2020-08-06[83] | 2020-09-16[83] | 41  | 2021-02-13[85] | 2021-02-17[85] | 5  | 2021-05-28  | 2021-06-03  | 7  | 2021-07-16[88] | 2021-07-27[89] | 12  | 2021-08-05[90] | 2021-08-09  | 5  | 2021-08-21[92] | 2021-09-09[93][94] | 20  | 2021-09-16[97] | 2021-09-22[c][98][99] | 7  | 140
Greater Geelong | 2020-03-31  | 2020-05-12[81] | 43  | 2020-08-06[83] | 2020-09-16[83] | 41  | 2021-02-13[85] | 2021-02-17[85] | 5  | 2021-05-28  | 2021-06-03  | 7  | 2021-07-16[88] | 2021-07-27[89] | 12  | 2021-08-05[90] | 2021-08-09  | 5  | 2021-08-21[92] | 2021-09-09[93][94] | 20  | 2021-09-20[100] | 2021-09-26[101] | 7  | 140
Surf Coast Shire | 2020-03-31  | 2020-05-12[81] | 43  | 2020-08-06[83] | 2020-09-16[83] | 41  | 2021-02-13[85] | 2021-02-17[85] | 5  | 2021-05-28  | 2021-06-03  | 7  | 2021-07-16[88] | 2021-07-27[89] | 12  | 2021-08-05[90] | 2021-08-09  | 5  | 2021-08-21[92] | 2021-09-09[93][94] | 20  | 2021-09-20[100] | 2021-09-26[101] | 7  | 140
Mitchell Shire | 2020-03-31  | 2020-05-12[81] | 43  | 2020-07-09[b][102] | 2020-09-16[83] | 70  | 2021-02-13[85] | 2021-02-17[85] | 5  | 2021-05-28  | 2021-06-03  | 7  | 2021-07-16[88] | 2021-07-27[89] | 12  | 2021-08-05[90] | 2021-08-09  | 5  | 2021-08-21[92] | 2021-09-09[93][94] | 20  | 2021-09-20[100] | 2021-10-13[d][103] | 24  | 186
Mildura | 2020-03-31  | 2020-05-12[81] | 43  | 2020-08-06[83] | 2020-09-16[83] | 41  | 2021-02-13[85] | 2021-02-17[85] | 5  | 2021-05-28  | 2021-06-03  | 7  | 2021-07-16[88] | 2021-07-27[89] | 12  | 2021-08-05[90] | 2021-08-09  | 5  | 2021-08-21[92] | 2021-09-09[93][94] | 20  | 2021-10-09[104] | 2021-10-22[105] | 14  | 147
Latrobe Valley | 2020-03-31  | 2020-05-12[81] | 43  | 2020-08-06[83] | 2020-09-16[83] | 41  | 2021-02-13[85] | 2021-02-17[85] | 5  | 2021-05-28  | 2021-06-03  | 7  | 2021-07-16[88] | 2021-07-27[89] | 12  | 2021-08-05[90] | 2021-08-09  | 5  | 2021-08-21[92] | 2021-09-09[93][94] | 20  | 2021-09-29[106] | 2021-10-06[107] | 7  | 140  | Region
Rest of regional Victoria[e] | 2020-03-31  | 2020-05-12[81] | 43  | 2020-08-06[83] | 2020-09-16[83] | 41  | 2021-02-13[85] | 2021-02-17[85] | 5  | 2021-05-28  | 2021-06-03  | 7  | 2021-07-16[88] | 2021-07-27[89] | 12  | 2021-08-05[90] | 2021-08-09  | 5  | 2021-08-21[92] | 2021-09-09[93][94] | 20  |  |  |  | 133  | State
South Australia |  |  |  | 2020-11-19[108] | 2020-11-22[109] | 3  | 2021-07-21[110] | 2021-07-27  | 7  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 62
Southern Tasmania |  |  |  | 2021-10-16[111] | 2021-10-19  | 3  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 55
Northern Beaches (NSW) |  |  |  | 2020-12-19[112] | 2021-01-10[113] | 22  | 2021-06-26  | 2021-10-11[f][114] | 107  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 181 | Local government area
Brisbane |  |  |  | 2021-01-08[115] | 2021-01-11[115] | 3  | 2021-03-29[116] | 2021-04-01[117] | 3  | 2021-06-29[118] | 2021-07-03  | 4  | 2021-07-31[119] | 2021-08-08[120] | 8  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 67  | Metropolitan area
Perth |  |  |  | 2021-01-31[121] | 2021-02-05[121] | 5  | 2021-04-23[122] | 2021-04-26[122] | 3  | 2021-06-28[123] | 2021-07-02[123] | 4  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 61  | Metropolitan area
Peel |  |  |  | 2021-01-31[121] | 2021-02-05[121] | 5  | 2021-04-23[122] | 2021-04-26[122] | 3  | 2021-06-28  | 2021-07-02  | 4  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 61  | Region
South West |  |  |  | 2021-01-31[121] | 2021-02-05[121] | 5  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 57
Illawarra |  |  |  | 2021-06-26[124] | 2021-10-11[g][125][126][114] | 107  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 159
Greater Sydney |  |  |  | 2021-06-26[124] | 2021-10-11[h][125][126][114] | 107  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 159 | Metropolitan area
Darwin |  |  |  | 2021-06-27[127] | 2021-07-02[128] | 5  | 2021-08-16  | 2021-08-19  | 3  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 57  | Metropolitan area
South East Queensland |  |  |  | 2021-06-29[118] | 2021-07-02  | 3  | 2021-07-31  | 2021-08-08  | 8  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 63  | Region
Townsville |  |  |  | 2021-06-29[118] | 2021-07-02  | 3  | 2021-07-31  | 2021-08-08  | 8  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 63  | Metropolitan area
Alice Springs |  |  |  | 2021-06-30 [129] | 2021-07-03  | 3  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 55  | Metropolitan area
Central West |  |  |  | 2021-07-20[130] | 2021-07-27[130] | 7  | 2021-08-14  | 2021-10-11[i][131] | 58  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 117  | Region
Hunter Region |  |  |  | 2021-08-05[132][133] | 2021-10-11[j][131] | 67  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 119
Upper Hunter  |  |  |  | 2021-08-05[132] | 2021-09-16[k][131][134] | 42  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 94
Muswellbrook |  |  |  | 2021-08-05[132] | 2021-09-16[l][131][134] | 42  | 2021-09-28[135] | 2021-10-11[m] | 13  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 107  | Local government area
Armidale |  |  |  | 2021-08-07[136] | 2021-09-10[137] | 34  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 87
Cairns Region |  |  |  | 2021-08-08[138] | 2021-08-11[139] | 3  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 55  | Region
Yarrabah |  |  |  | 2021-08-08[138] | 2021-08-11[139] | 3  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 55  | Local government area
Richmond Valley |  |  |  | 2021-08-09[140] | 2021-09-10[131][141] | 32  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 84
Lismore |  |  |  | 2021-08-09[140] | 2021-09-10[131][137] | 32  | 2021-09-16[134] | 2021-09-23  | 7  | 2021-10-03[142] | 2021-10-11  | 8  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 99
Byron Shire |  |  |  | 2021-08-09[140] | 2021-09-10[131][141] | 32  | 2021-09-21[143] | 2021-09-28  | 7  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 91
Ballina |  |  |  | 2021-08-09[140] | 2021-09-10[131][141] | 32  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 84
Tamworth |  |  |  | 2021-08-09[144] | 2021-09-10[131][141][137] | 32  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 84
Dubbo |  |  |  | 2021-08-11[145] | 2021-10-11[n][131][137] | 61  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 113
Australian Capital Territory |  |  |  | 2021-08-12[146] | 2021-10-15[147] | 61  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 114  | Territory
Regional NSW[o] |  |  |  | 2021-08-14[148] | 2021-09-10[131][137] | 28  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 81  | Region
Mid-Coast |  |  |  | 2021-08-14[148] | 2021-09-10[131][137][149] | 28  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 81  | Local government area
South Coast[p] |  |  |  | 2021-08-14[148] | 2021-10-11[q][131][137] | 57  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 109  | Region
Bega Valley |  |  |  | 2021-08-14[148] | 2021-09-16[r][131][137][150] | 33  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 85  | Local government area
Goulburn–Mulwaree |  |  |  | 2021-08-14[148] | 2021-10-11[s][131][137] | 57  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 109
Snowy Monaro |  |  |  | 2021-08-14[148] | 2021-09-16[t][131][137][150] | 33  | 2021-09-30[151] | 2021-10-11[152] | 11  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 96
Yass Valley |  |  |  | 2021-08-14[148] | 2021-09-10[137] | 28  | 2021-09-14[153] | 2021-09-27  | 14  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 94
Albury (NSW) |  |  |  | 2021-08-14[148] | 2021-09-10[131][137] | 28  | 2021-09-16[134] | 2021-09-23  | 7  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 87
Cowra |  |  |  | 2021-08-14[148] | 2021-09-10[131][137] | 28  | 2021-09-20[154] | 2021-10-05[155] | 14  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 94
Glen Innes Severn (NSW) |  |  |  | 2021-08-14[148] | 2021-09-10[131][137] | 28  | 2021-09-17[156] | 2021-09-24  | 7  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 87
Hilltops (NSW) |  |  |  | 2021-08-14[148] | 2021-09-10[131][137] | 28  | 2021-09-17[156] | 2021-10-01[157] | 14  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 94
Port Macquarie-Hastings |  |  |  | 2021-08-14[148] | 2021-09-10[131][137] | 28  | 2021-09-28[135] | 2021-10-05  | 7  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 87
Oberon |  |  |  | 2021-08-14[148] | 2021-09-10[131][137] | 28  | 2021-09-29[158] | 2021-10-11[152] | 12  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 92
Gunnedah |  |  |  | 2021-08-14[148] | 2021-09-10[131][137] | 28  | 2021-10-05[159] | 2021-10-11  | 6  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 86
Casino |  |  |  | 2021-08-14[148] | 2021-09-10[131][137] | 28  | 2021-10-02[160] | 2021-10-11  | 9  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 89  | Town
Rest of the country[u] | 2020-03-23[161] | 2020-05-15[162] | 52  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 52  | National
Austria | 2020-03-16[163] | 2020-04-13[164] | 28  | 2020-11-03[165] | 2020-11-30[165] | 27  | 2020-12-26[166] | 2021-02-07[167] | 43  | 2021-11-22[168] | 2021-12-11[169] | 20  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 118
Azerbaijan | 2020-03-31[170] | 2020-08-30[170] | 152  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 152
Bangladesh | 2020-03-26[171] | 2020-05-16[172] | 51  | 2021-04-05[173] | 2021-07-14[174] | 100  | 2021-07-23[175] | 2021-08-10[176] | 18  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 169
Barbados | 2020-03-28[177] | 2020-05-03[177] | 36  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 36
Belgium | 2020-03-18[178] | 2020-05-04 [179] | 47  | 2020-11-02[180] | 2020-12-14[180] | 42  | 2021-03-27[181] | 2021-04-26[182] | 30  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 119
Bermuda | 2020-04-04[177] | 2020-05-02[183] | 28  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 28
Bhutan | 2020-08-11[184] | 2020-09-01[185] | 21  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21
Bolivia | 2020-03-22[186] | 2020-07-31[187] | 131  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 131
Botswana | 2020-04-02[188] | 2020-04-30[188] | 28  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 28
Brazil | Santa Catarina | 2020-03-17[189] | 2020-04-07[189] | 21  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21  | State
São Paulo | 2020-03-24[190] | 2020-05-10[191] | 47  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 47
Bulgaria | 2020-03-13[v][195][196] | 2020-06-15[w][198][199] | 94  | 2020-11-28 (de facto)[x][201] | 2021-01-31[y][201][202] | 65  | 2021-03-22[z][204] | 2021-03-31  | 10  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 169  | National
Cambodia | Phnom Penh | 2021-04-15[205] | 2021-05-05[206] | 21  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21  | Municipality
Ta Khmau |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada | British Columbia | 2020-03-18[207] | 2020-05-18[208] | 61  | 2020-11-07[209] | 2021-01-08[209] | 62  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 123  | Province
Ontario | 2020-03-17[210][211] | 2020-05-14  | 58  |  |  |  | 2021-04-03[212] | 2021-05-01  | 28  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 86
Ontario - South |  |  |  | 2020-12-26[213] | 2021-01-23[213] | 28  | 2021-04-08[214] | 2021-06-02[214] | 55  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 83  | Region
Ontario - North |  |  |  | 2020-12-26[213] | 2021-01-09[213] | 14  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14
Quebec | 2020-03-18 | 2020-05-04 | 47  | 2020-12-25[215] | 2021-01-11[215] | 18[215] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 65  | Province
Colombia | 2020-03-25[216] | 2020-06-30[217] | 97  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 97  | National
Congo | 2020-03-31[218] | 2020-04-20[218] | 20  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20
Costa Rica | 2020-03-23[219] | 2020-05-01[220] | 39  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 39
Croatia | 2020-03-18[221] | 2020-05-11  | 32  | 2020-12-22[222] | 2020-12-29[223] | 7  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 39
Cyprus | 2020-03-24[224] | 2020-04-13[224] | 20  | 2021-01-10[225] | 2021-01-31[225] | 21  | 2021-04-26[226] | 2021-05-09[226] | 13  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 54
Czech Republic | 2020-03-16[163] | 2020-04-12[227] | 27  | 2020-10-22[228] | 2021-03-28[228] | 174  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 201
Denmark | 2020-03-12[229] | 2020-04-13[230] | 33  | 2020-12-25[231] | 2021-03-01[232] | 66  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 99
Ecuador | 2020-03-16[233] | 2020-03-31[233] | 15  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15
El Salvador | 2020-03-12[234] | 2020-04-02[234] | 21  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21
Eritrea | 2020-04-02[235] | 2020-04-23[235] | 21  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21
Estonia | 2021-03-11[236] | 2021-04-11[236] | 31  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 31  | National
Fiji | Lautoka | 2020-03-20[237] | 2020-04-07[238] | 18  | 2021-04-19  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18  | City
Suva | 2020-04-03[239] | 2020-04-17[240] | 14  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14
France | Nationwide  | 2020-03-17[241] | 2020-05-11[242] | 55  | 2020-10-30[243] | 2020-12-15[244] | 46  | 2021-04-04[245] | 2021-05-03[245] | 29  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 130  | National
Paris |  |  |  |  | 2021-03-19[246] | 2021-04-18  | 30  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 131  | Region
Finland | 2021-03-08[247] | 2021-03-28[247] | 20  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20  | National
Georgia | 2020-03-31[248] | 2020-04-21[248] | 21  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21
Germany | different regionally  | 2020-03-16[aa][250] | 2020-05-30[251][252]
to 2020-05-11[253] | 76  | 2020-11-02[254] | 2021-03-01 to 2021-06-11[255][256] | 119 to 222  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 179 to 298
Berchtesgadener Land |  |  | 2020-10-20[257] | 2020-11-03[258] | 14  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 43 to 64  | District
Ghana | Accra | 2020-03-30[259] | 2020-04-12[260] | 13  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13  | Metropolitan area
Kumasi |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Greece | Nationwide  | 2020-03-23[261] | 2020-05-04[262] | 42  | 2020-11-07[263] | 2021-03-22[264] | 135  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 177  | National
Thessaloniki |  |  | 2020-11-03[265] | 139  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 181  | Regional unit
Serres |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guernsey | 2020-03-25[266] | 2020-06-20[267] | 87  | 2021-01-23[268] | 2021-02-22[269] | 30  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 117  | National
Honduras | 2020-03-20[270] | 2020-05-17[271] | 58  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 58
Hungary | 2020-03-28[272] | 2020-04-10[272] | 13  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13
India | Nationwide  | 2020-03-25[273] | 2020-06-07[274] | 74  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 74
Bengaluru |  |  |  | 2021-04-27[275] | 2021-05-09  | 12  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12  | Region
Delhi |  |  |  | 2021-04-19[276] | 2021-05-31[277] | 42  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 42  | Region
Haryana |  |  |  | 2021-05-03[278] | 2021-05-10  | 7  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7  | State
Maharashtra |  |  |  | 2021-04-14[279] | 2021-06-15[280] | 62  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 62  | State
Odisha |  |  |  | 2021-05-05[281] | 2021-05-19  | 14  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14  | State
Rajasthan |  |  |  | 2021-05-10[282] | 2021-06-08[283] | 29  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29  | State
Uttar Pradesh |  |  |  | 2021-04-30[284] | 2021-05-10[285] | 10  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10  | State
Iran | 2020-03-14[286] | 2020-04-20[287] | 37  | 2021-04-14[288] | 2021-04-24  | 14  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 47  | National
Iraq | 2020-03-22[289] | 2020-04-11[290] | 20  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20
Ireland | All 26 counties | 2020-03-12[ab][291][292] | 2020-05-18[293] | 67  | 2020-10-21[294] | 2020-12-01[295] | 41  | 2020-12-24[ac][296] | 2021-04-12[297] | 119  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 227
Kildare | 2020-08-07[298][299] | 2020-08-31[300] | 24  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24  | Regional
Laois | 2020-08-21[301] | 14  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14
Offaly |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Israel | Bnei Brak | 2020-04-02[302] | 2020-04-16[303] | 14  |  |  | 30  |  |  | 42  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 86  | City
Nationwide  |  |  |  | 2020-09-18[304] | 2020-10-18[305] | 2020-12-27[306] | 2021-02-07[307] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 72  | National
Italy | Nationwide  | 2020-03-09[ad][308] | 2020-05-18[309] | 70  | 2020-12-24[310][ae] | 2021-01-06[310] | 13  | 2021-03-15[311] | 2021-04-30  | 46  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 129  | National
Lombardy |  |  | 2020-11-06[312] | 2020-12-03[313] | 27  | 2021-01-17 [314] | 2021-01-30  | 13  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 110  | Region
Piedmont |  |  | 2020-11-06[312] | 2020-12-03[313] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 97
Aosta Valley |  |  | 2020-11-06[312] | 2020-12-03[313] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Calabria |  |  | 2020-11-06[312] | 2020-12-03[313] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sicily |  |  |  |  |  | 2021-01-17[314] | 2021-01-30  | 13  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 83
Province of Bolzano |  |  |  |  |  | 2021-01-17 [314] | 2021-01-30  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Province
Jamaica | Saint Catherine | 2020-04-15[315] | 2020-04-22[315] | 7  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7  | Parish
Jordan | 2020-03-18[316] | 2020-04-30[317] | 43  | 2020-11-10[318] | 2020-11-15[318] | 5  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 48  | National
Kosovo | 2020-03-14[319] | 2020-05-04 [320] | 51  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 51
Kuwait | 2020-05-10[321] | 2020-05-31[321] | 21  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21
Lebanon | 2020-03-15[322] | 2020-03-28[322] | 13  | 2020-11-14[323] | 2020-11-28  | 14  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 27
Libya | 2020-03-22[324] | 2020-06-27[325] | 97  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 97
Lithuania | 2020-03-16[326] | 2020-06-18[327] | 94  | 2020-11-07[328] | 2020-11-28  | 21  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 115
Madagascar | Antananarivo | 2020-03-23[329] | 2020-04-20[330] | 28  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 28  | City
Toamasina |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Malaysia | 2020-03-18[331] | 2020-06-09[332] | 83  | 2021-01-13  | 2021-02-10  | 28  | 2021-06-01[333] | 2021-08-16[334] | 76  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 187  | National
Mexico | Nationwide  | 2020-03-23[335] | 2020-06-01[335] | 70  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 70
Chihuahua |  |  | 2020-10-23[336] | 2020-12-06  | 44  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 114  | State
Durango |  |  | 2020-11-03[337] | 2020-12-06  | 33  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 103
Baja California |  |  | 2020-12-07  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 70
Mexico City |  |  | 2020-12-19[338] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 70
State of Mexico |  |  | 2020-12-19[338] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 70
Morelos |  |  | 2021-01-04  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 70
Guanajuato |  |  | 2021-01-04  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 70
Mongolia | 2020-03-10[339] | 2020-03-16[339] | 6  | 2020-11-17[340] | 2020-12-01  | 15  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21  | National
Montenegro | Tuzi | 2020-03-24[341] | 2020-05-05[342] | 42  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 42  | Municipality
Morocco | 2020-03-19[343] | 2020-06-10[344] | 83  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 83  | National
Myanmar | Yangon | 2020-04-18[345] | 2020-07-01[346] | 74  | 2020-09-01[347] | 2021-04-10[348] | 220  | 2021-07-08[349] | 2021-10-27[350] | 111  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 405  | City
Namibia | 2020-03-27[af][351] | 2020-05-04[352] | 38  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 38  |
Nepal | Nationwide  | 2020-03-24[353] | 2020-07-21[354] | 120  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 120  |
Kathmandu |  |  | 2020-08-20[355] | 2020-09-09[355] | 21  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 141  | City
Netherlands | 2020-03-15[356] | 2020-04-06[356] | 22  | 2020-12-15[357] | 2021-06-05[358] | 172  | 2021-12-19[359] | 2022-01-14[360] | 26  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 220  | National
New Zealand | Nationwide  | 2020-03-23[361][362] | 2020-05-13[363] | 52  | 2021-08-18[361] | 2021-09-07[361] | 21  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 73  | National
Auckland |  |  | 2020-08-12[364] | 2020-08-30[361] | 19  | 2021-02-14[365] | 2021-02-17[365] | 3  | 2021-02-28[361] | 2021-03-07[361] | 7  | 2021-08-18[361] | 2021-11-29(TBC)[366] | 104  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 185  | Region
Nigeria | Abuja | 2020-03-30[367] | 2020-04-12[367] | 13  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13  | City
Lagos |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ogun |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | State
Northern Cyprus | 2020-03-30[368] | 2020-05-04[369] | 35  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 35  | National
North Korea | Nationwide  | 2022-05-12[370] | not set  | not set  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | National
Kaesong | 2020-07-25[371] | 2020-08-14[372] | 20  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20  | City
Oman | Muscat | 2020-04-10[373] | 2020-05-29[374] | 49  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 49  | Governorate
Jalan Bani Bu Ali | 2020-04-16[375] | 2020-05-29[376] | 43  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 43 | Province
Pakistan | 2020-03-24[377] | 2020-05-09[378] | 46  | 2021-05-08[379] | 2021-05-18  | 10  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 46  | National
Panama | 2020-03-25[380] | 2020-05-31
(downgraded to a night and weekend curfew)[381] | 67  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 67
Papua New Guinea | 2020-03-24[382] | 2020-04-07[382] | 14  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14
Paraguay | 2020-03-20[383] | 2020-05-03[384] | 44  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 44
Peru | 2020-03-16[385] | 2020-06-30[386] | 106  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 106
Philippines | Cebu | 2020-03-27[387] | 2020-05-15[ag][388]
to 2020-05-31[ah][389] | 49 to 65  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 49 to 65  | Province
Davao Region | 2020-03-19[390] | 2020-05-15[388] | 57  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 57  | Region
Luzon | 2020-03-15[ai][391] | 2020-04-30[aj][392]
to 2020-05-15[ak][393]
to 2020-05-31[ah][389] | 46 to 61 to 77  | 2020-08-04[394][al] | 2020-08-18[394][al] | 15  | 2021-01-25 | 2021-02-15 | 21  | 2021-03-29 | 2021-09-15 | 170  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 61 to 92  | Island group
Soccsksargen | 2020-03-23[390] | 2020-05-15[395] | 53  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 53  | Region
Poland | 2020-03-13[396] | 2020-04-11[397] | 29  | 2020-12-28[398] | 2021-01-17[398] | 20  | 2021-03-20[399] | 2021-04-25[400] | 36  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 85  | National
Portugal | 2020-03-19[401] | 2020-04-02[397] | 14  | 2021-01-15[402] | 2021-03-15[403] | 59  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 73
Qatar | Doha Industrial Area | 2020-03-11[404] | 2020-06-15[405] | 96  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 96  | Industrial park
Romania | 2020-03-25[406] | 2020-05-12[407] | 48  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 48  | National
Russia | Moscow | 2020-03-30[408] | 2020-05-12[409][410] | 43  | 2021-10-28[411] | 2021-11-04 | 7  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 50  | Metropolitan area
Rest of the country[am] | 2020-03-28[412] | 2020-04-30[412] | 33  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 33  | National
Rwanda | 2020-03-21[413] | 2020-04-19[414] | 29  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29
Samoa | 2020-03-26[415] | 2020-04-08[416] | 13  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13
San Marino | 2020-03-14[417] | 2020-05-05[418] | 52  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 52
Saudi Arabia | Jeddah | 2020-03-29[419] | 2020-06-21[420] | 84  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 84  | City
Mecca | 2020-03-26[419] | 87  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 87
Medina |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Qatif | 2020-03-09[421] | 104  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 104  | Area
Riyadh | 2020-03-26[419] | 87  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 87  | City
Serbia | 2020-03-15[397] | 2020-04-21[422]
to 2020-05-04[423] | 37 to 50  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 37 to 50  | National
Singapore | 2020-04-07[424] | 2020-06-01[425] | 56  | 2021-05-16[426] | 2021-06-13  | 28  | 2021-07-22  | 2021-08-09  | 18  | 2021-09-27  | 2021-11-21

[427]

| 56  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 158
South Africa | 2020-03-26[428] | 2020-04-30[429] | 35  | 2020-12-28  | 2021-01-15  | 18  | 2021-06-28  | 2021-07-25  | 27  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 80
Spain | 2020-03-14[430] | 2020-05-09[431] | 56  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 56
Sri Lanka | 2020-03-18[432] | 2020-06-21[433] | 95  | 2021-08-20[434] | 2021-10-01[435] | 42  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 137
Switzerland | 2020-03-17[436] | 2020-04-27[437] | 41  | 2021-01-18[438] | 2021-03-01[439] | 42  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 83
Thailand | 2020-03-25[440] | 2020-05-31[441] | 67  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 67
Trinidad and Tobago | 2020-03-17[442] | 2020-03-31[442] | 14  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14
Tunisia | 2020-03-22[443] | 2020-04-19[444] | 28  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 28
Turkey |  | 2020-04-23[445] | 2020-04-27[445] | 4  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4  | Only in 30 metropolitan cities and Zonguldak.
Nationwide  | 2021-04-29[446] | 2021-05-17[446] | 18  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18  | National
Ukraine | 2020-03-17[397] | 2020-04-24[397] | 38  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 38
United Arab Emirates | 2020-03-26[447] | 2020-04-17[448] | 22  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22
United Kingdom | England | 2020-03-23[449] | 2020-07-04[450] | 103  | 2020-11-05[451] | 2020-12-02[451] | 27  | 2021-01-05[452] | 2021-03-28[453][an] | 83  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 213
Scotland | 2020-06-29[454] | 98  | 2020-12-26[455] | 2021-04-02[456] | 97  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 195
Northern Ireland | 2020-07-03[457] | 102  | 2020-11-27[458] | 2020-12-11[458] | 14  | 2020-12-26[459] | 2021-04-12[460] | 107  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 223  | Country
Wales | 2020-07-13[461] | 112  | 2020-10-23[462] | 2020-11-09[462] | 17  | 2020-12-20[463] | 2021-03-13[464][465][ao] | 83 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 212
North West  | 2020-12-31[466] | 2021-03-29  | 88  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 88  | Region
North East  | 2020-12-31[466] | 2021-03-29  | 88  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 88
East Midlands  | 2020-12-31[466] | 2021-03-29  | 88  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 88
West Midlands  | 2020-12-31[466] | 2021-03-29  | 88  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 88
Norfolk  | 2020-12-26[467] | 2021-03-29  | 93  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 93  | County
Suffolk  | 2020-12-26[468] | 2021-03-29  | 93  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 93
Cambridgeshire  | 2020-12-26[469] | 2021-03-29  | 93  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 93
Essex  | 2020-12-26[470] | 2021-03-29  | 93  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 93
London area  | 2020-12-20[471] | 2021-03-29  | 99  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 99  | City
Kent & South East  | 2020-12-20[471] | 2021-03-29  | 99  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 99  | Region
Leicester | 2020-06-30[472] | 2020-07-24[473] | 24  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24  | County
Glasgow |  |  |  | 2020-11-20[474] | 2020-12-11[474] | 21  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21
East Renfrewshire |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Renfrewshire |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
East Dunbartonshire |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
West Dunbartonshire |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North Lanarkshire |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
South Lanarkshire |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
East Ayrshire |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
South Ayrshire |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
West Lothian |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stirling |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | California | 2020-03-19[475] | 2021-06-15[476] | 453  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 453  | State
Connecticut | 2020-03-23[477] | 2020-04-22[478] | 30  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 30  | State
Illinois | 2020-03-21[479] | 2020-05-30[480] | 70  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 70
Kansas City in Kansas | 2020-03-24[481] | 2020-04-19[482] | 26  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 26  | City
Massachusetts | 2020-03-24[483] | 2020-05-04[483] | 41  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 41  | State
Michigan | 2020-03-24[484] | 2020-04-13[478] | 20  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20
New York | 2020-03-22[485] | 2020-06-13[486] | 83  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 83
Oregon | 2020-03-24[487] | 2020-05-15[488] | 53  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 53
Wisconsin | 2020-03-24[489] | 2020-05-13[490] | 50  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 50
Venezuela | 2020-03-17[491] | 2020-05-13  | 57  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 57  | National
Vietnam | Nationwide  | 2020-04-01[492] | 2020-04-22[493] | 21  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21
Da Nang |  |  | 2020-07-28[494] | 2020-09-05[495] | 39  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 60  | City
Hai Duong |  |  | 2021-02-16[496] | 2021-03-02  | 14  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 35  | Province, Chi Linh city lockdown began from 28 January.
Bac Ninh |  |  | 2021-05-18[497][498] |  | 23  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23  | 4 districts and 1 city
Bac Giang |  |  | 2021-05-18[499][500] |  | 23  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 districts
Zimbabwe | 2020-03-30[501] | 2020-05-02[502] | 33  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 33  | National

Notes

1. ^ Restrictions were further eased on the 1st of June 2021, however during the time between then and the 12th of May 2021, "Stay at home orders" were not active and hence this period didn't constitute what is internationally considered a "lockdown".
2. ^ a b Stage 3 lockdown imposed on 8 July; Stage 4 lockdown imposed on 2 August 2020
3. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
4. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
5. ^ All of Victoria except Melbourne, Greater Shepparton, Ballarat, Greater Geelong, Surf Coast Shire and Mitchell Shire
6. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
7. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
8. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
9. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
10. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
11. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
12. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
13. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
14. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
15. ^ Applies for all others Regional NSW outside Greater Sydney, Hunter Region, Dubbo, Central West, South Coast, Goulburn, Queanbeyan-Palerang and Snowy Monaro
16. ^ Applies for all South Coast except Bega Valley after 16/09/2021
17. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
18. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
19. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
20. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
21. ^ Applies for further measures in each Australian state and territory
22. ^ Initially to last until 13 April 2020, included closures of universities, schools, restaurants and other establishments, a ban on mass gatherings, suspension of sports competitions for more than two months, certain temporary restrictions on the free movement of citizens, but no strict "Stay at home order".[192] A number of lockdown measures were already eased or lifted in April[193] and May 2020.[194]
23. ^ Depending on the strictness of the definition for a lockdown; some sources such as Politico Europe consider it to have ended by 9 May, with a total duration of 57 days.[197]
24. ^ Closures of all educational institutions, restaurants and other establishments, a ban on most cultural events, all excursions and forms of group tourism, children forbidden to participate in organized sports events, no "Stay at home order", described as a "soft" or "partial" lockdown and officially entered into force at 23:30 on 27 November.[200]
25. ^ The lockdown was initially to end on 21 December 2020, but was subsequently extended until 31 January 2021, though with a few of the restrictions relaxed, such as children in kindergartens and in grades 1-4 being able to attend in-person classes from January 2021.
26. ^ Preceded by some measures on the regional level, no "Stay at home order".[203]
27. ^ Lockdown was started in Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria on 20 March 2020. Two days later, it was expanded to the whole of Germany[249]
28. ^ A national stay-at-home order was officially declared on 27 March
29. ^ A full third lockdown was declared from 30 December and was repeatedly extended.
30. ^ Lockdown was first started in Northern Italy on 8 March 2020, then expanded to the rest of Italy the following day
31. ^ The lockdown was suspended on 28, 29, 30 December 2020 and 4 January 2021
32. ^ Lockdown was started in the regions of Erongo and Khomas but effectively enforced countrywide. On 14 April the lockdown was extended to 4 May and to all of Namibia.
33. ^ Except in Cebu City only where it was extended to 16 days
34. ^ a b Lockdown was extended to areas under high risk COVID-19 zones
35. ^ Lockdown was started in Metro Manila, but expanded to the rest of Luzon two days later, 17 March 2020
36. ^ In most Luzon areas only, except Metro Manila and selected areas of Luzon are on high risk COVID-19 zones
37. ^ Lockdown was extended to Metro Manila and remaining areas of Luzon
38. ^ a b Metro Manila, Bulacan, Cavite and Rizal only.
39. ^ Applies for mandatory holidays and further measures in each Russian region
40. ^ England has followed an incremental easing of restrictions since 8 March 2021. Most lockdown restrictions were lifted between March and June, July 19 is the date set for the expiry of most legal restrictions in England. Although some sources describe this date as the "end" of lockdown, March 28 was the date in which the "stay at home orders" were ended. This fits the most internationally accepted definition of what constitutes a lockdown.
41. ^ Most lockdown restrictions were lifted between March and June. March 13 was the date in which the "stay at home orders" were ended. This fits the most internationally accepted definition of what constitutes a lockdown.

In the table, pandemic lockdowns are defined as the shutdown of parts of the economy,[503] due to non-pharmaceutical anti-pandemic measures and enforceable by law like:

* Closing of schools and kindergartens
* Closing of non-essential shops (shops and stores apart from food, doctors and drug stores)
* Closing of non-essential production
* Cancellation of recreational venues and closing of public places
* Curfews
* Stay-at-home orders and total movement control

These measures caused the COVID-19 recession in 2020.[504] The table does not contain:

* Measures with smaller economic impacts like:
* border closures
* social distancing measures and social movement restrictions
* travel restrictions.
* Other non-pharmaceutical anti-pandemic measures like mandatory quarantines after travel, self quarantine and social distancing measures
* Any measures which are voluntary rather than enforceable by law

The pandemic resulted in the largest number of shutdowns worldwide at the same time in history.[505] By 26 March, 1.7 billion people worldwide were under some form of lockdown,[506] which increased to 3.9 billion people by the first week of April – more than half of the world's population.[507][508] Lockdowns affected 93% of workers worldwide. 30% lived in nations with complete workplace closures, save for critical businesses, and 42% in countries with partial closures. Nearly 20% lived in nations with recommended but not compulsory workplace shutdown.[509]

Major restrictions first began in China,[510] with other countries in East Asia like Vietnam soon implementing widespread containment measures. Much of Europe, North America and Africa took much longer to bring in tough measures. Restrictions on travel between and activity within nations were of varying stringency.[511]

By mid April, nearly 300 million people, or about 90% of the population, were under some form of lockdown in the United States,[512] with around 100 million in the Philippines[513] and about 59 million in South Africa,[514] while around 1.3 billion were under lockdown in India, which was the largest of all lockdowns.[515][516]

By the end of April, around 300 million people were under lockdown in various countries of Europe, including but not limited to Italy, Spain, France, and the United Kingdom; while around 200 million people were under lockdown in Latin America.[513] In Germany, 35% of workers worked from home in addition to their regular on-site duties, while 26% worked from home exclusively.[517]

## Variation by countries and territories

[edit]

A drive through COVID-19 testing site in South Korea in February 2020. South Korea did not implement any lockdown measures; its K-Quarantine strategy included rapidly developing mass testing capacity and infrastructure.

This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 lockdowns by country.[edit]

Countries and territories around the world enforced lockdowns of varying stringency in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Some included total movement control while others enforced restrictions based on time. In many cases, only essential businesses were allowed to remain open. Schools, universities and colleges closed either on a nationwide or local basis in 63 countries, affecting approximately 47 percent of the world's student population.[518][519]

Beginning with the first lockdown in China's Hubei province[520] and nationwide in Italy in March 2020, lockdowns continued to be implemented in many countries throughout 2020 and 2021. On 24 March 2020, the entire 1.3 billion population of India was ordered to stay at home during its lockdown, making it the largest of the pandemic.[521] The world's longest continuous lockdown lasting 234 days took place in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 2020. As of October 2021, the city of Melbourne, Australia, and certain cities in Peru and Chile spent the most cumulative days in lockdown over separate periods, although measures varied between these countries.[522][523]

A few countries and territories did not use the strategy, including Japan, Belarus, Nicaragua, Sweden, South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Tanzania, Uruguay, two states in Brazil (Roraima and Rondônia)[524][525] and certain United States states.

## See also

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to COVID-19 curfews and lockdowns.

* Cordon sanitaire (medicine)
* COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines
* COVID-19 lockdown in China
* COVID-19 lockdown in India
* COVID-19 lockdowns in Italy
* Flattening the curve
* List of species named after the COVID-19 pandemic (including lockdowns)
* Malaysian movement control order
* National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
* Preventive action
* Stay-at-home order
* Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic
* Support bubble

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508. ^ "How the world locked down due to COVID-19". Business Insider. 28 March 2020. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
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511. ^ "A third of the global population is on coronavirus lockdown—here's our constantly updated list of countries and restrictions". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 25 April 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
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* v
* t
* e

COVID-19 pandemic

* COVID-19 (disease)
* SARS-CoV-2 (virus)

Timeline

| Pre-pandemic|

* Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
* Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
* Crimson Contagion
* Disease X
* Event 201
* Exercise Cygnus
* 2019
* responses

|

2020|

* January
* responses
* February
* responses
* March
* responses
* April
* responses
* May
* responses
* June
* responses
* July
* responses
* August
* responses
* September
* responses
* October
* responses
* November
* responses
* December
* responses

2021|

* January
* responses
* February
* responses
* March
* responses
* April
* responses
* May
* responses
* June
* responses
* July
* responses
* August
* responses
* September
* responses
* October
* responses
* November
* responses
* December
* responses

2022|

* January
* responses
* February
* responses
* March
* responses
* April
* responses
* May
* responses
* June
* responses
* July
* responses
* August
* responses
* September
* responses
* October
* responses
* November
* December

2023|

* Timeline

Locations

| Africa

* (timeline

national
responses)

| Northern|

* Algeria
* Canary Islands
* Ceuta
* Egypt
* Libya
* Mauritania
* Melilla
* Morocco
* Sudan
* Tunisia
* Western Sahara
* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

|

Eastern|

* Burundi
* Comoros
* Djibouti
* Eritrea
* Ethiopia
* Kenya
* Madagascar
* Mauritius
* Mayotte
* Réunion
* Rwanda
* Seychelles
* Somalia
* Puntland
* Somaliland
* South Sudan
* Tanzania
* Uganda

Southern|

* Angola
* Botswana
* Eswatini
* Lesotho
* Malawi
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* South Africa
* list of deaths
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe

Central|

* Cameroon
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Republic of the Congo
* Gabon
* São Tomé and Príncipe

Western|

* Benin
* Burkina Faso
* Cape Verde
* Equatorial Guinea
* Gambia
* Ghana
* timeline
* 2020
* March–July
* August–December
* 2021
* government response
* impact
* education
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
* Liberia
* Mali
* Niger
* Nigeria
* government response
* Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
* Senegal
* Sierra Leone
* Togo

Asia|

| Central/North|

* Kazakhstan
* Kyrgyzstan
* Russia
* timeline
* January–June
* July–December
* impact
* economic
* social
* political
* Tajikistan
* Turkmenistan
* Uzbekistan

|

East|

* Hong Kong
* Japan
* timeline
* Tokyo
* 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics
* North Korea
* South Korea
* Macau
* Mongolia
* Taiwan
* respirator diplomacy

Mainland China|

* lockdown
* detail
* statistics
* vaccination
* Beijing
* 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics
* Heilongjiang
* Henan
* Hubei
* Inner Mongolia
* Liaoning
* Shanghai
* 2022 outbreak
* Sichuan
* Tibet
* Xinjiang

South|

* Afghanistan
* Bangladesh
* timeline
* Bhutan
* Maldives
* Nepal
* Pakistan
* Tablighi Jamaat hotspot
* Sri Lanka

India|

* economic impact
* evacuations
* lockdown
* migrant workers' crisis
* statistics
* timeline
* 2020
* January–May
* June–December
* 2021
* union government response
* PM CARES Fund
* SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund
* state government responses
* vaccination
* Vaccine Maitri

By location|

* Andaman and Nicobar Islands
* Andhra Pradesh
* Arunachal Pradesh
* Assam
* Bihar
* Chandigarh
* Chhattisgarh
* Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
* Delhi
* Tablighi Jamaat hotspot
* Goa
* Gujarat
* Haryana
* Himachal Pradesh
* Jammu and Kashmir
* Jharkhand
* Karnataka
* Kerala
* timeline
* Ladakh
* Lakshadweep
* Madhya Pradesh
* Maharashtra
* Manipur
* Meghalaya
* Mizoram
* Nagaland
* Odisha
* Puducherry
* Punjab
* Rajasthan
* Sikkim
* Tamil Nadu
* Telangana
* Tripura
* Uttar Pradesh
* Uttarakhand
* West Bengal

Southeast|

* Brunei
* Cambodia
* Indonesia
* timeline
* 2021
* social restrictions
* Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement
* Laos
* Myanmar
* Singapore
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* circuit breaker response
* vaccination
* statistics
* Thailand
* timeline
* vaccination
* statistics
* Timor-Leste
* Vietnam
* timeline
* government response

Malaysia|

* impact
* social
* economic
* political
* Aid and relief efforts
* movement control order
* Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* statistics
* Johor
* Kuala Lumpur
* Sabah
* Sarawak
* Selangor

Philippines|

* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* government response
* community quarantines
* Luzon
* evacuations
* testing controversy
* vaccination
* Bangsamoro
* Bicol Region
* Cagayan Valley
* Calabarzon
* Caraga
* Central Luzon
* Central Visayas
* Cordillera
* Davao Region
* Eastern Visayas
* Ilocos Region
* Metro Manila
* Mimaropa
* Northern Mindanao
* Soccsksargen
* Western Visayas
* Zamboanga Peninsula
* Overseas Filipinos

West|

* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Artsakh
* Bahrain
* Cyprus
* Northern Cyprus
* Egypt
* Georgia
* Abkhazia
* South Ossetia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Kurdistan Region
* Israel
* Jordan
* Kuwait
* Lebanon
* Oman
* Palestine
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* vaccination
* Syria
* Turkey
* timeline
* United Arab Emirates
* Yemen

Europe|

| United Kingdom|

* history
* timeline
* January–June 2020
* July–December 2020
* January–June 2021
* July–December 2021
* January–June 2022
* July–December 2022
* 2023
* responses
* government response
* response
* Operation Rescript
* contracts
* impact
* social
* economic
* education

By location|

* England
* timeline
* 2020
* January–June
* July–December
* 2021
* 2022
* London
* local lockdown regulations
* first tier regulations
* Northern Ireland
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Scotland
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Wales
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Crown Dependencies
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* Guernsey
* Overseas territories
* Akrotiri and Dhekelia
* British Indian Ocean Territory
* Gibraltar

Eastern|

* Belarus
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Kazakhstan
* Moldova
* Gagauzia
* Transnistria
* Russia
* timeline
* January–June 2020
* July–December 2020
* government responses
* political impact
* Turkey
* timeline
* Ukraine
* Crimea
* Sevastopol

Western Balkans|

* Albania
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Kosovo
* Montenegro
* North Macedonia
* Serbia
* statistics

European Union|

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* timeline
* Cyprus
* Northern Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Faroe Islands
* Estonia
* Finland
* Åland
* France
* Guadeloupe
* French Guiana
* Réunion
* Martinique
* Mayotte
* Normandy
* Saint Martin
* Germany
* North Rhine-Westphalia
* government response
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* economic impact
* social impact
* vaccination
* Italy
* lockdowns
* timeline
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* government response
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* timeline
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* timeline
* Asturias
* Canary Islands
* Ceuta
* Community of Madrid
* Melilla
* Sweden
* government response
* Operation Gloria

EFTA countries|

* Iceland
* Liechtenstein
* Norway
* Svalbard
* Switzerland

Microstates|

* Andorra
* Monaco
* San Marino
* Vatican City

North
America|

| Atlantic|

* Bermuda
* Greenland
* Saint Pierre and Miquelon

|

Canada|

* timeline
* economic impact
* federal aid
* vaccination
* by province
* military response
* Atlantic Bubble
* Alberta
* timeline
* British Columbia
* Manitoba
* New Brunswick
* Newfoundland and Labrador
* Northwest Territories
* Nova Scotia
* Nunavut
* Ontario
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Ottawa
* Peel Region
* Toronto
* York Region
* Provincial government response
* Vaccination
* Prince Edward Island
* Quebec
* Montreal
* boroughs
* Saskatchewan
* timeline
* Yukon

Caribbean|

| Countries|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Cuba
* Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
* Dominica
* Dominican Republic
* Grenada
* Haiti
* Jamaica
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Trinidad and Tobago
* timeline

|

British Overseas Territories|

* Anguilla
* British Virgin Islands
* Cayman Islands
* Montserrat
* Turks and Caicos Islands
* response

* Aruba
* Curaçao
* Sint Maarten

Caribbean Netherlands|

* Bonaire
* Saba
* Sint Eustatius

French West Indies|

* Guadeloupe
* Martinique
* Saint Barthélemy
* Saint Martin

US insular areas|

* Puerto Rico
* U.S. Virgin Islands

Central America|

* Belize
* Costa Rica
* El Salvador
* Guatemala
* Honduras
* Mexico
* timeline
* vaccination
* Nicaragua
* Panama

United States|

* Trump administration communication
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* social impact
* economic impact
* 2021 hospital crisis

responses|

* federal government
* state and local governments
* California government response
* New York government response
* Texas government response
* Eastern States Multi-state Council
* Midwest Governors Regional Pact
* Western States Pact

By location|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* American Samoa
* Arizona
* Navajo Nation
* Arkansas
* California
* timeline
* S.F. Bay Area
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* timeline
* Massachusetts
* timeline
* Boston
* timeline
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* timeline
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* New York City
* timeline
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Ohio
* Columbus
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Portland
* Pennsylvania
* Philadelphia
* Puerto Rico
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* timeline
* Austin
* U.S. Virgin Islands
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* Washington, D.C.
* White House
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

Oceania|

* American Samoa
* Cook Islands
* Easter Island
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Fiji
* French Polynesia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Nauru
* New Caledonia
* Niue
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Bougainville
* Pitcairn Islands
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Tokelau
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu
* Wallis and Futuna

Australia|

* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* January–June
* July–December
* 2022
* Australian Capital Territory
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* New South Wales
* Norfolk Island
* Northern Territory
* Queensland
* South Australia
* Tasmania
* Victoria
* Western Australia

New Zealand|

* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* economic impact
* government response
* Alert levels
* Traffic light system
* social impact
* managed isolation

South
America|

* Argentina
* statistics
* human rights
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* timeline
* São Paulo
* Chile
* statistics
* Easter Island
* Colombia
* timeline
* Ecuador
* Falkland Islands
* French Guiana
* Guyana
* Paraguay
* Peru
* statistics
* Cusco
* Suriname
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Others|

* Antarctica
* Cruise ships
* Diamond Princess
* Grand Princess
* Naval ships
* Charles de Gaulle
* USS Theodore Roosevelt

Impact

| Culture and
entertainment|

| Arts and
cultural heritage|

* References in popular culture
* Cinema
* films affected
* Corona-chan
* Disney
* Fashion industry
* Music industry
* Performing arts
* Television
* U.S.
* U.S. sports
* programs affected
* Video games

|

Education|

* Female education
* Homeschooling

By country|

* Ghana
* Ireland
* United Kingdom
* exam grading controversy
* United States

Sports|

* Bio-secure bubble

By country|

* Ireland
* Philippines

By sport|

* Association football
* Baseball
* Basketball
* NBA
* Combat sports
* Cricket
* Disc golf
* Gaelic games
* Gridirion football (NCAAF, NFL, and CFL)
* Ice hockey
* Motorsport
* Rugby league

Society
and rights|

| Social impact|

* Social media
* Stigma
* COVID-19 parties
* Children
* foster care in the U.S.
* Pandemic baking

|

Labor|

* Healthcare workers
* Indian migrant workers
* Great Resignation
* Strikes

Human rights|

* Argentina
* Hong Kong
* Myanmar
* North Korea
* Turkmenistan

Legal|

* Abortion in the U.S.
* Crime
* Domestic violence
* Prisons
* U.S. immigration detention

Minority|

* Gender
* LGBT community
* African communities
* Disability community
* Native American communities
* Xenophobia and racism

Religion|

* Catholic Church
* Hajj

Economic|

* Charitable activity
* COVID-19 scams
* Travel restrictions

By country|

* Canada
* India
* Ireland
* COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment
* Malaysia
* New Zealand
* Russia
* U.K.
* U.S.

By industry|

* Aviation
* Airlines
* Cannabis industry
* Food industry
* meat industry in Canada
* meat industry in the U.S.
* restaurant industry in the U.S.
* Hospitals
* ICU capacity
* Long-term care facilities
* Mink farming
* Public transport
* Retail
* Tourism

Supply and trade|

* Shortages
* Chip supply
* Energy
* Global supply chain
* Oil price war
* Food security

Financial markets|

* Global stock market crash
* COVID-19 recession
* Inflation

Information|

* Journalism
* Media coverage
* Wikipedia's response

Misinformation|

* Governments
* China
* United States
* By country
* Canada
* Philippines
* Ivermectin
* Plandemic

Politics|

* National responses
* Legislation
* European Union

Political impact|

* Ireland
* Malaysia
* Russia

Protests|

* Abkhazia
* Argentina
* Australia
* Convoy to Canberra
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Brazil
* 2020 protests
* 2021 protests
* Bulgaria
* Canada
* convoy protest
* Chile
* China
* Beijing Sitong Bridge protest
* healthcare reform protests
* Colombia
* 2021 protests
* 2022 protests
* Cuba
* France
* Yellow vests protests
* labor protests
* French West Indies social unrest
* convoy protest
* Germany
* Idar-Oberstein shooting
* Greece
* Israel
* protests against Benjamin Netanyahu
* Italy
* Mongolia
* Netherlands
* curfew riots
* New Zealand
* Wellington protest
* Paraguay
* Serbia
* Tunisia
* United Kingdom
* United States
* Open the States

International relations|

* Aid
* Italy
* Moldovan–Romanian collaboration
* Nicaragua–Taiwan relations
* Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan
* Vaccine diplomacy

Language|

* Anthropause
* Doomscrolling
* Flattening the curve
* Green recovery
* Long COVID
* Quarantini
* Social distancing
* Superspreader
* Twindemic
* Zero-COVID
* Zoom
* Zoom towns

Others|

* Animals
* Cluster 5
* Environment
* Military
* Pregnant women
* Science and technology

Health issues

| Medical topics|

* Transmission
* Symptoms
* Cancer
* Endemic COVID-19
* Skin manifestations
* Long COVID
* Mental health
* neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes
* Pregnancy
* Non-COVID-19–related health issues
* Shortages
* Raise the line
* Rehabilitation
* Unproven medical methods

|

Testing and
epidemiology|

* Datasets
* Death rates by country
* Disease testing
* Breathalyzer
* Operation Moonshot
* Test to Release
* UK Rapid Test Consortium
* AbC-19 rapid antibody test
* investigations into the origins
* lab leak theory
* Rapid antigen test
* Software
* Surveillance
* Undercounting COVID-19 deaths

Apps|

* Aarogya Setu
* BlueTrace
* careFIJI
* Coronavirus Australia
* Corona-Warn-App
* COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application
* COVID Alert (Canada)
* COVID AlertSA (South Africa)
* COVIDSafe
* COVID Tracker Ireland
* Covid Watch
* Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing
* Exposure Notification
* Health Code
* Healthy Together
* Immuni
* Koronavilkku
* LeaveHomeSafe
* MySejahtera
* NHS COVID-19
* NZ COVID Tracer
* NZ Pass Verifier
* PathCheck
* PeduliLindungi
* SafeEntry
* SafePass
* StaySafe.ph
* SwissCovid
* TCN Protocol
* Test, Trace, Protect
* Thai Chana
* TousAntiCovid
* TraceTogether
* Valtrace
* Zoe Health Study

Prevention|

* Air purifier (Corsi–Rosenthal Box)
* Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine
* COVID fatigue
* Evacuations
* Face masks
* Anti-mask sentiment
* United States
* Flattening the curve
* Great Barrington Declaration
* International aid
* Lockdowns
* Public health mitigation
* Safe Hands Challenge
* Social distancing
* Workplace hazard controls
* Zero-COVID

Vaccines|

| Topics|

* Authorizations
* Clinical research
* Deployment
* Development
* EU Certificate
* Misinformation and hesitancy
* Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates
* US
* Operation Warp Speed (U.S.)
* Post-vaccination complications
* Vaccine card
* Vaccine passports

|

Authorized|

| DNA|

* ZyCoV-D

|

Inactivated|

* Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
* CoronaVac
* Covaxin
* COVIran Barekat
* CoviVac (Russia)
* FAKHRAVAC
* Minhai
* QazCovid-in
* Sinopharm BIBP
* Sinopharm WIBP
* Turkovac
* Valneva

mRNA|

* Moderna
* Pfizer–BioNTech

Subunit|

* Abdala
* Corbevax (Bio E COVID-19)
* COVAX-19
* EpiVacCorona
* IndoVac
* MVC
* Noora
* Novavax
* Razi Cov Pars
* Sinopharm CNBG
* Soberana 02
* Soberana Plus
* ZF2001 (Zifivax)

Viral vector|

* Convidecia
* Janssen
* Oxford–AstraZeneca
* Sputnik V
* Sputnik Light

Virus-like particles|

* CoVLP

In trials|

| Attenuated|

* COVI-VAC (United States)

|

DNA|

* AG0302-COVID‑19
* GX-19
* Inovio

Inactivated|

* KD-414
* NDV-HXP-S

RNA|

* ARCT-021
* ARCT-154
* Bangavax
* CureVac (terminated)
* HGC019
* mRNA-1283
* PTX-COVID19-B
* Sanofi–Translate Bio (terminated)
* Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine
* Walvax

Subunit|

* 202-CoV
* AKS-452
* EuCorVac-19
* IVX-411
* Nanocovax
* ReCOV
* Sanofi–GSK
* S-268019
* SCB-2019
* SCTV01C
* Skycovione
* UB-612
* V-01
* V451 (terminated)
* Vabiotech
* West China Hospital
* Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech

Viral vector|

* AdCLD-CoV19
* BriLife
* COH04S1
* DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT
* GRAd-COV2
* ImmunityBio
* iNCOVACC
* INNA-051
* NDV-HXP-S
* Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine

Virus-like particles|

* ABNCoV2
* LYB001
* MigVax-101
* VBI-2902

Deployment
by location|

| Africa|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Cameroon
* Chad
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eswatini
* Ghana
* Morocco
* Nigeria
* Senegal
* South Africa
* Zimbabwe

|

Asia|

* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Mainland China
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Israel
* Japan
* Kazakhstan
* Malaysia
* Nepal
* Philippines
* Russia
* Singapore
* South Korea
* Sri Lanka
* Taiwan
* Thailand
* Turkey
* United Arab Emirates
* Vietnam

Europe|

* Albania
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Denmark
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Italy
* Moldova
* Norway
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

North America|

* Canada
* Ontario
* Quebec
* Cuba
* Haiti
* Mexico
* United States
* mandates

Oceania|

* Australia
* Fiji
* New Zealand

South America|

* Argentina
* Brazil
* Colombia
* Peru

Others|

* Antarctica

Treatment|

* Drug development
* Drug repurposing research
* Baricitinib
* Dexamethasone
* Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
* Open-source ventilator
* PANORAMIC trial (UK)
* RECOVERY Trial (UK)
* Solidarity trial (WHO)

Monoclonal antibodies|

* Bamlanivimab/etesevimab
* Bamlanivimab
* Etesevimab
* Bebtelovimab
* Casirivimab/imdevimab
* Regdanvimab
* Sarilumab
* Sotrovimab
* Tixagevimab/cilgavimab
* Tocilizumab

Small molecule antivirals|

* Broad-spectrum
* Ensitrelvir
* Molnupiravir
* Remdesivir
* Co-packaged
* Nirmatrelvir
* ritonavir

Variants

| Specific|

* Alpha
* Beta
* Gamma
* Delta
* Epsilon
* Zeta
* Eta
* Theta
* Iota
* Kappa
* Lambda
* Mu
* Omicron
* timeline

|

General|

* Cluster 5
* Lineage B.1.617
* Lineage B.1.640.2
* Variant of concern

Institutions

| Hospitals and
medical clinics|

| Mainland China|

* Central Hospital of Wuhan
* Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre
* Fangcang hospitals
* Huoshenshan Hospital
* Leishenshan Hospital
* Xinjia Express Hotel
* Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital

|

Others|

* Hospital ships
* Garran Surge Centre (Australia)
* Hospital El Salvador
* SevenHills Hospital (India)
* Kemayoran Athletes Village (Indonesia)
* Pyongyang General Hospital (North Korea)
* Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang (Malaysia)
* Mega Ligtas COVID Centers (Philippines)
* Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre (Sri Lanka)
* Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital (Turkey)
* Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital (Turkey)
* COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom
* NHS Nightingale Hospitals (England)
* Birmingham
* London
* North East
* North West
* Yorkshire and the Humber
* NHS Louisa Jordan (Scotland)
* Dragon's Heart Hospital (Wales)

Organizations|

* National Cabinet (Australia)
* ScienceUpFirst (Canada)
* Wuhan Institute of Virology (China)
* Independent SAGE (United Kingdom)

Health
institutes|

* Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (African Union)
* Ghana Infectious Disease Centre (Ghana)
* Department of Health (Hong Kong)
* Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (South Korea)
* National Institute for Communicable Diseases (South Africa)
* Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (Taiwan)

Pandemic
institutes|

* National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board (Australia)
* COVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Canada)
* COVID-19 Supply Council (Canada)
* PREPARE (European Union)
* National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19 (India)
* COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force (Indonesia)
* National Public Health Emergency Team (Ireland)
* Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting (Japan)
* Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre (Malaysia)
* Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee (Philippines)
* Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (Philippines)
* Central Epidemic Command Center (Taiwan)
* Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board (Turkey)
* COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium (United Kingdom)
* Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team (United Kingdom)
* Joint Biosecurity Centre (United Kingdom)
* Vaccine Taskforce (United Kingdom)
* COVID-19 Advisory Board (United States)
* Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups (United States)
* White House Coronavirus Task Force (United States)
* White House COVID-19 Response Team (United States)
* GACH (Uruguay)

Relief funds|

* PM CARES Fund (India)
* SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund (India)
* Artist Relief (United States)

People

| Medical
professionals|

* Ai Fen
* Corona Rintawan
* Li Wenliang
* Liu Wen
* Xie Linka
* Zhang Wenhong

|

Researchers|

* Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud
* Roberto Burioni
* Chen Wei
* Kizzmekia Corbett
* Andrea Crisanti
* Peter Daszak
* Christian Drosten
* Neil Ferguson
* Dale Fisher
* George F. Gao
* Azra Ghani
* Sarah Gilbert
* Guan Yi
* Kentaro Iwata
* Katalin Karikó
* Matt Keeling
* Trudie Lang
* Li Lanjuan
* W. Ian Lipkin
* Ma Xiaowei
* Shabir Madhi
* Allison McGeer
* Camilla Rothe
* Shi Zhengli
* Moncef Slaoui
* Mike Tildesley
* John Todd
* Wang Chen
* Wang Guangfa
* Drew Weissman
* Yuen Kwok-yung
* Zeng Guang
* Zhang Jixian
* Zhang Yongzhen
* Zhong Nanshan

Officials|

| WHO|

* Tedros Adhanom (Director-General of the WHO)
* Bruce Aylward (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission)
* Maria Van Kerkhove (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response)
* Michael J. Ryan (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme)

|

By location|

* Frank Atherton (Wales)
* Ashley Bloomfield (New Zealand)
* Catherine Calderwood (Scotland)
* Chang Shan-chwen (Taiwan)
* Anutin Charnvirakul (Thailand)
* Chen Shih-chung (Taiwan)
* Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching (Taiwan)
* Victor Costache (Romania)
* Fabrizio Curcio (Italy)
* Carmen Deseda (Puerto Rico)
* Jaap van Dissel (the Netherlands)
* Christian Drosten (Germany)
* Francisco Duque III (Philippines)
* Anthony Fauci (United States)
* Francesco Paolo Figliuolo (Italy)
* Graça Freitas (Portugal)
* Henrique Gouveia e Melo (Portugal)
* Matt Hancock (United Kingdom)
* Hamad Hasan (Lebanon)
* Greg Hunt (Australia)
* Tony Holohan (Ireland)
* Jeong Eun-kyeong (South Korea)
* Fahrettin Koca (Turkey)
* Li Keqiang (China)
* Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez (Mexico)
* Michael McBride (Northern Ireland)
* Oriol Mitjà (Andorra)
* Zweli Mkhize (South Africa)
* Doni Monardo (Indonesia)
* Alma Möller (Iceland)
* Saeed Namaki (Iran)
* Ala Nemerenco (Moldova)
* Nguyễn Thanh Long (Vietnam)
* Noor Hisham Abdullah (Malaysia)
* Ali Pilli (Northern Cyprus)
* Daniel Salinas (Uruguay)
* Jérôme Salomon (France)
* Fernando Simón (Spain)
* Gregor Smith (Scotland)
* Su Ih-jen (Taiwan)
* Łukasz Szumowski (Poland)
* Theresa Tam (Canada)
* Anders Tegnell (Sweden)
* Þórólfur Guðnason (Iceland)
* Sotiris Tsiodras (Greece)
* Harsh Vardhan (India)
* Víðir Reynisson (Iceland)
* Carla Vizzotti (Argentina)
* Vlad Voiculescu (Romania)
* Chris Whitty (United Kingdom)
* Lawrence Wong (Singapore)
* Jeff Zients (United States)

Others|

* Chen Qiushi
* Brett Crozier
* Fang Bin
* Fang Fang
* Joseph Ashitey Hammond
* Li Zehua
* Captain Tom Moore
* Qiu Menghuang
* Ren Zhiqiang

List of deaths due to COVID-19

Data (templates)

| Global|

* Cases, deaths, recoveries by country
* Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country
* Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country subdivision
* WHO situation reports
* cases
* January 2020
* February 2020
* March 2020
* April 2020
* May 2020
* June 2020
* July 2020
* August 2020
* September 2020
* October 2020
* November 2020
* December 2020
* January 2021
* February 2021
* March 2021
* April 2021
* May 2021
* June 2021
* July 2021
* August 2021
* deaths
* World map by countries: confirmed per capita
* China
* Hospital beds by country
* Lockdowns

|

Africa|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Comoros
* Egypt
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Ghana
* cases chart
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Libya
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco (including occupied Western Sahara)
* Mozambique
* Nigera
* cases chart
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* South Africa
* cases chart
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe
* cases chart

Americas|

* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Canada
* by province
* vaccinations by province
* Chile
* by commune
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* cases chart
* Cuba
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* El Salvador
* Guatemala
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Mexico
* cases chart
* Nicaragua
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* United States
* by state
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Asia|

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Artsakh
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* by division
* Bhutan
* cases chart
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* cases chart
* summary
* China
* cases chart
* confirmed per capita
* lockdowns
* by province
* Hong Kong
* Macau
* Cyprus
* East Timor
* Egypt
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* cases chart
* Iran
* cases chart
* Iraq
* Israel
* cases chart
* Japan
* cases chart
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* Kuwait cases chart
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* cases chart
* charts
* Myanmar
* cases chart
* summary
* Nepal
* cases chart
* Oman
* cases chart
* Pakistan
* cases chart
* Philippines
* cases chart
* areas of quarantine
* vaccinations chart
* Qatar
* Russia
* cases chart
* by federal subject
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* South Korea
* cases chart
* vaccinations charts
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Taiwan
* vaccination charts
* Tajikistan
* Thailand cases chart
* Turkey
* cases chart
* United Arab Emirates
* cases chart
* Uzbekistan
* cases chart
* Vietnam
* statistics charts
* Yemen

Europe|

* Albania
* Austria
* cases chart
* Belarus
* Belgium
* cases chart
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* cases chart
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* cases chart
* Faroe Islands
* Estonia cases chart
* Finland
* France
* cases chart
* Germany cases chart
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* cases chart
* Ireland
* cases chart
* Italy
* cases chart
* statistics charts
* vaccinations chart
* Kosovo
* Latvia cases chart
* Lithuania cases chart
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* cases chart
* Poland
* cases chart
* by voivodeship
* Portugal
* cases chart
* Romania
* cases chart
* Russia
* cases chart
* by federal subject
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* cases chart
* by region
* Slovenia cases chart
* Spain cases chart
* Sweden
* cases chart
* Switzerland cases chart
* Turkey
* cases chart
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom
* Gibraltar
* vaccinations chart
* daily
* by nation
* Vatican City

Oceania|

* Australia by state/territory
* Fiji
* French Polynesia
* New Caledonia
* New Zealand
* Papua New Guinea
* Solomon Islands

Others|

* Antarctica
* Diamond Princess

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