Cales (river)

River of ancient Bithynia

Cales or Kales (Ancient Greek: Κάλης), also Calles or Kalles (Κάλλης), was a river of ancient Bithynia. At its mouth was the town of Cales, located 120 stadia east of Elaeus.[1][2] This seems to be the river which Thucydides calls Calex (Κάληξ), at the mouth of which Lamachus lost his ships, which were anchored there, owing to a sudden rise of the river.[3] Thucydides places the Calex in the Heracleotis, which agrees very well with the position of the Cales. Lamachus and his troops were compelled to walk along the coast to Chalcedon.[3] Pliny the Elder mentions a river Alces in Bithynia, which it has been conjectured, may be a corruption of Calex.[4]

It is identified with the modern Alaplı Su in Asiatic Turkey.[5]

## References

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1. ^ Arrian. Periplus Ponti Euxini. Vol. p. 14.
2. ^ Marcian of Heraclea, p. 70.
3. ^ a b Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian War. Vol. 4.75.
4. ^ Pliny. Naturalis Historia. Vol. 5.32.
5. ^ Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 86, and directory notes accompanying. ISBN 978-0-691-03169-9.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Cales". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.

41°10′43″N 31°22′55″E﻿ / ﻿41.178489°N 31.381992°E﻿ / 41.178489; 31.381992

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