Canadian Pacific 2816

Preserved CP H-1b class 4-6-4 locomotive

Canadian Pacific 2816

CPR No. 2816 Empress leading an excursion on May 10, 2008

| Type and origin

Power type| Steam
Builder| Montreal Locomotive Works
Serial number| 68535
Build date| December 1930
Rebuild date| 1999–2001
| Specifications

Configuration:
| ​
• Whyte| 4-6-4
• UIC| 2′C2′
Gauge| 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Driver dia.| 75 in (1.9 m)
Wheelbase| 80.52 ft (24.54 m) ​
• Engine| 39.50 ft (12.04 m)
• Drivers| 13.17 ft (4.01 m)
Length| 91 ft 1 in (27.76 m)
Adhesive weight| 194,000 lb (88 t)
Loco weight| 351,200 lb (159.3 t)
Tender weight| 291,000 lb (132 t)
Total weight| 643,100 lb (291.7 t)
Fuel type| Coal (converted to burn oil during restoration)
Fuel capacity| 17 short tons (15 t)
Water cap.| 12,000 imp gal (55,000 L; 14,000 US gal)
Firebox:| ​
• Grate area| 80.80 sq ft (7.507 m2)
Boiler pressure| 275 psi (1.90 MPa)
Heating surface| 5,475 sq ft (508.6 m2) ​
• Tubes| 62 - 2.25 in (57 mm)
• Flues| 171 - 35 in (890 mm)
• Tubes and flues| 18.25 ft (5.56 m)
• Firebox| 352 sq ft (32.7 m2)
Superheater:
| ​
• Heating area| 1,640 sq ft (152 m2)
Cylinders| Two
Cylinder size| 22 in × 30 in (559 mm × 762 mm)
Valve gear| Walschaerts
| Performance figures

Maximum speed| 100 mph (160 km/h) (average)
Power output| 4,700 hp (3,500 kW)
Tractive effort| 45,254 lbf (201.30 kN)
| Career

Operators|

* Canadian Pacific Railway
* Canadian Pacific Kansas City

Class| H-1b
Numbers| CP 2816
Official name| Empress
Retired| May 26, 1960
Preserved| January 1964
Restored| August 16, 2001
Current owner| Canadian Pacific Kansas City
Disposition| Operational

Canadian Pacific 2816, also known as the "Empress", is a preserved class "H-1b" 4-6-4 Hudson-type steam locomotive built by the Montreal Locomotive Works (MLW) in December 1930 for the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR); the only non-streamlined H1 Hudson to have survived into preservation.

After being used for heavy passenger service, the locomotive was retired in 1960 and donated to Steamtown, U.S.A. at Bellows Falls, Vermont, in 1964. After an extensive restoration, the locomotive returned to service in 2001 and was used by the CPR in occasional excursion service until the discontinuation of the steam program in 2012, after which it remained stored in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. After being teased for a potential return in 2021, the 2816 is undergoing testing for a return to service in spring of 2024.[1]

## History[edit]

### Revenue service[edit]

No. 2816 was one of ten H-1b-class (the "H" meant the 4-6-4 wheel configuration, the "1" was the design number and the "b" meant it was the second production run) 4-6-4 Hudson-type built by the Montreal Locomotive Works in December 1930.[2] It was first assigned to the line between Winnipeg and Fort William, Ontario.[2] Later, it was transferred to service between Windsor, Ontario, and Quebec City, and finally it ran a commuter train between Montreal and Rigaud, Quebec.[2] The engine was retired from revenue service on May 26, 1960, after more than 3.2 million kilometres (2 million miles) in active service.[3][4][5][6]

### Steamtown ownership[edit]

In the early 1960s, F. Nelson Blount wanted to expand his Steamtown, U.S.A. collection, and one of the locomotives he wanted to preserve was a 4-6-4 from the New York Central Railroad (NYC). However, since all NYC 4-6-4s were scrapped by that time, Blount improvised by purchasing No. 2816 from the CPR in January 1964 as the only 4-6-4 in the collection. The locomotive was out on static display at Steamtown in Bellows Falls, Vermont, for several years before it was moved along with the rest of the collection in 1984 to Scranton, Pennsylvania, where the name was changed to Steamtown National Historic Site under the ownership of the National Park Service in 1986.[2] During 2816’s time on static display, the locomotive started to deteriorate because it was unprotected from the elements. No. 2816 remained in that condition for some 35 years in New England and Pennsylvania. [7]

### Restoration[edit]

In September 1998, the Canadian Pacific purchased No. 2816 after hearing of its availability from the crews who were running the Royal Hudson No. 2860, who had been looking for parts for 2860 and were offered the entire locomotive.[8]

The locomotive was transported from Scranton to Montreal via Binghamton and Albany, New York, before being shipped cross country to the BC Rail steam shops in Vancouver for restoration. The locomotive was completely stripped down and rebuilt, "the most thorough out rebuild undertaken on a steam locomotive in North America since the end of their era" according to CPR News.[9] The restoration team was able to use over 800 technical drawings of CPR H1b class locomotives from the Canada Science and Technology Museum to completely restore 2816 to its 1950s appearance and to its original specifications.[9] During restoration, the locomotive was converted to burn oil and equipped with modern amenities such as a radio and a diesel control unit. The restoration took over two years and cost over $2,000,000, making it one of the most costly locomotive restorations in Canada. CPR was confident in the restoration enough to announce on April 19, 2000, that 2816 would become an ambassador for the railway in the railway's new heritage steam program.[3]

### First excursion service[edit]

On August 16, 2001, restoration work was completed and the engine moved again under its own power for the first time in forty one years in a test run.[5][6] In September 2001, the locomotive made its first trial run from the BC Rail steam shops to its new home of Calgary.[5] It then rejoined the Canadian Pacific fleet as a special excursion locomotive and for public relations. Among other uses, No. 2816 is used to raise money for school lunch programs and the Children's Wish Foundation.[10]

Between 2001 and 2011, No. 2816 travelled across Canada and the United States. On May 16, 2002, the locomotive pulled two excursion trains for the West Coast Express. On September 27, 2003, No. 2816 participated in a doubleheader excursion with Canadian National No. 2141.

At the end of the 2008 season, Canadian Pacific put the steam program on hold (with exception of previously promised engagements) due to financial issues caused by the poor economy. No. 2816 did not operate at all in 2009, although the steam program was able to take advantage of this down time to do some extensive maintenance work on No. 2816 and its passenger car fleet. No. 2816 returned to operation on June 6, 2010. It was used in Rocky Mountain Express, a 2011 IMAX film which follows the locomotive on a journey from Vancouver to Montreal while telling the CPR's history. In 2011, the No. 2816 had the honour of pulling a special excursion train called the “Royal Canadian Pacific”. The engine made its last run in the summer of 2011 to promote the Children’s Wish Foundation.[11]

### Disposition[edit]

In late 2012, Canadian Pacific CEO Fred Green stepped down and E. Hunter Harrison succeeded him.[11] The latter had no interest in steam locomotive operations and discontinued the steam program,[11] forcing No. 2816's excursion operations to be ceased and the locomotive placed in storage in Calgary.[11] Even after Harrison stepped down in early 2017, being succeeded by Keith Creel, the engine remained in storage.[12]

### Second excursion service[edit]

On November 13, 2020, No. 2816 was fired up for a steam test and moved around the Calgary Yard with a railroad representative saying the test was to assess the engine's mechanical condition with "no plans to operate the engine on the main lines." It was subsequently announced that the locomotive would make a run as part of filming a Holiday Train video.[13][14]

In 2021, Creel said that if the United States Surface Transportation Board approves the CPR's merger with the Kansas City Southern Railway, the railway would celebrate it by bringing No. 2816 back under steam to lead a tour from Calgary to Mexico City, making No. 2816 the first steam locomotive to run through Canada, the United States, and Mexico. However, the locomotive was in need of an overhaul, which was completed in June 2023. Canadian Pacific Kansas City plans to begin No. 2816's tour in spring 2024.[15][16][17] As of June 2023, the locomotive was under testing,[18] and on July 11, the Empress made a run from Calgary to Carseland and back as part of her shakedown runs. Further shakedown runs and tests were performed in August, from Calgary to Coalhurst and back. In October of 2023, 2 back-to-back test runs from Calgary to Edmonton and back to Calgary then from Calgary to Medicine Hat and back to Calgary concluded testing for 2816.[19]

## Preservation and other remaining H1 Hudsons[edit]

Of the five surviving Canadian Pacific Hudsons out of the original 65 built between 1929 and 1940, No. 2816 is the only survivor of the non-streamlined H1a and H1b classes built in 1929 and 1930 numbered 2800–2819.[2] The four other remaining sister engines to 2816 are the semi-streamlined Royal Hudsons numbered 2820–2864. The remaining four Royal Hudsons are Nos. 2839 (H1c), 2850 and 2858 (both H1d) and the 2860 (H1e). As of 2024[update], No. 2816 is the only operating 4-6-4 Hudson in North America; no American 4-6-4 Hudsons are operational.

## Gallery[edit]

* CPR No. 2816 on static display at Steamtown, USA in Bellows Falls, Vermont in 1978

* CPR No. 2816 on static display at Steamtown, USA in Bellows Falls, Vermont in 1974

* The engineer's side of No. 2816's control cab

* CPR No. 2816 Empress stopped in Sturtevant, Wisconsin on September 1, 2007

* CPR No. 2816 leading a doubleheader with Milwaukee Road 261 in Red Wing, Minnesota on September 15, 2007

* CPR No. 2816 passing through Millet, Alberta on October 17, 2023

## See also[edit]

* Canadian Pacific 1201
* Canadian Pacific 1293
* Canadian Pacific 2317
* Canadian National 6060
* Union Pacific 844
* Southern Pacific 4449

## References[edit]

1. ^ "CPKC: 'Final Spike Steam Tour' Set for April 2024". Railway Age. 2023-07-18. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
2. ^ a b c d e "Canadian Pacific Railway No. 2816". National Park Service. Archived from the original on March 2, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
3. ^ a b Stephens, Bill (July 2000). "CP 4-6-4 2816 to head program". Trains. Waukesha, WI: Kalmbach Publishing. 60 (7): 20. ISSN 0041-0934.
4. ^ "CP Fires up Steam Locomotive for First Time in Eight Years". 14 November 2020.
5. ^ a b c "CPR 2816 Back in Steam After 40 Years" (PDF). Canadian Rail. Canadian Railroad Historical Association. January–February 2002. p. 3\. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 31, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
6. ^ a b "Cordova Bay Station - 2816 on the Internet".
7. ^ "Canadian Pacific 2816 The Empress steam locomotive profile". Trains. 2022-02-08. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
8. ^ Smith, Ian (October 2001). "CPR 2816 Reborn for 21st-Century Service" (PDF). Branchline. Bytown Railway Society. pp. 8–9. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
9. ^ a b "Rebirth of a mechanical Wonder". CPR News (2). 2001.
10. ^ "2816 Empress steam train launches tour benefiting the Children's Wish Foundation of Canada". May 24, 2011. Archived from the original on March 14, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
11. ^ a b c d Gunnoe, Chase (November 19, 2015). "CP or NS: which has a soul for preservation?". Trains. Archived from the original on February 25, 2018. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
12. ^ "Canadian Pacific Railway says CEO Hunter Harrison stepping down immediately". CBC News. January 18, 2017. Archived from the original on January 18, 2017. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
13. ^ Franz, Justin (November 14, 2020). "Update: CP Fires Up Steam Locomotive For First Time in Eight Years". Railfan & Railroad Magazine.
14. ^ Glischinski, Steve (November 14, 2020). "Canadian Pacific No. 2816 to steam again for Holiday Train video (corrected)". Trains Magazine. Kalmbach Media. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
15. ^ "2022 Railroaders of the Year: Keith Creel and Pat Ottensmeyer, 'Transnational Team'". Railway Age. 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2022-01-23.
16. ^ Franz, Justin (2023-06-01). "CPKC Says Steam Locomotive 2816 to Run 'This Summer'". Railfan & Railroad Magazine. Retrieved 2023-06-05.
17. ^ "CP 4-6-4 No. 2816 to embark on Canada-U.S.-Mexico tour in 2024". Trains. 2023-07-18. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
18. ^ "Canadian Pacific 4-6-4 No. 2816 undergoes stationary steam test". Trains. Retrieved 2023-06-26.
19. ^ Franz, Justin (October 23, 2023). "CP 2816 Finishes Season of Testing With Run on Transcontinental Main Line". Railfan & Railroad Magazine. Retrieved January 13, 2024.

## External links[edit]

* Media related to Canadian Pacific Railway 2816 at Wikimedia Commons
* Rocky Mountain Express
* CP 2816 Empress