Cape Province

Former province of South Africa

This article is about the defunct province of South Africa. For the biogeographic area, see Cape Provinces. For the floristic province, see Cape floristic region. For the marine biogeographic region of Australia, see Cape Province (IMCRA region).

Province of the Cape of Good Hope

Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop (Afrikaans)

Province of South Africa
1910–1994

Coat of arms

The Cape Province as it was by 1994
Capital| Cape Town
Population|

• 1991

| 6,125,335[1]
• Type| Cape Provincial Council
History|

• Established

| 31 May 1910

• Disestablished

| 27 April 1994

Preceded by | Succeeded by

|

|  | Cape Colony

|

| Western Cape |

|

Eastern Cape |
Northern Cape |
North West province |

The Province of the Cape of Good Hope[2] (Afrikaans: Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as the Cape Province (Afrikaans: Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as The Cape (Afrikaans: Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa. It encompassed the old Cape Colony, as well as Walvis Bay, and had Cape Town as its capital. In 1994, the Cape Province was divided into the new Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, along with part of the North West.

## History

[edit]

When the Union of South Africa was formed in 1910, the original Cape Colony was renamed the Cape Province.

It was by far the largest of South Africa's four provinces, as it contained regions it had previously annexed, such as British Bechuanaland (not to be confused with the Bechuanaland Protectorate, now Botswana), Griqualand East (the area around Kokstad) and Griqualand West (area around Kimberley). As a result, it encompassed two-thirds of South Africa's territory, and covered an area of approximately 717,000 square kilometres (277,000 sq mi).

At the time of the formation of the Union of South Africa, South Africa consisted of four provinces: Transvaal (previously the South African Republic), Natal, Orange Free State and the Cape Province.

### Cape Franchise

[edit]

Main article: Cape Qualified Franchise

Before union, the Cape Colony had traditionally implemented a system of non-racial franchise, whereby qualifications for suffrage were applied equally to all males, regardless of race. During the union negotiations, the Cape Prime Minister, John X. Merriman fought unsuccessfully to extend this multi-racial franchise system to the rest of South Africa. This failed, as it was strongly opposed by the former Boer Republics which were determined to entrench white rule. After union, the Cape Province was permitted to keep a restricted version of its multi-racial qualified franchise, and thus became the only province where Coloureds (mixed-race people) and Black Africans could vote.[3][4]

Over the following years, successive acts were passed to erode this colour-blind voters roll. In 1931, the restricting franchise qualifications were removed for white voters, but kept for Black and Coloured voters.[5] In 1956, the Apartheid government removed all remaining suffrage rights for "non-whites". The government had to appoint many extra senators in parliament to force through this change.[6]

### Partitioning under Apartheid

[edit]

During the apartheid era, so-called "bantustans" or homelands for the different Bantu nations were carved out of the existing provinces as part of the policy of perpetuating white control over South Africa. These became known as the four independent TBVC States and the six Non-Independent Homelands.[citation needed]

In the Cape Province, the Transkei (1976) and Ciskei (1981) regions were declared independent of South Africa.[7] Griqualand East was transferred to Natal Province after Transkei was declared independent, since it was cut off from the rest of the province. With the 1994 adoption of the Interim Constitution, these homelands were re-incorporated into South Africa,[7] both part of the new Eastern Cape province.

### Post-apartheid

[edit]

After the first fully democratic elections in April 1994, the Transkei and Ciskei bantustans were reunited with Cape Province, then the country was divided into what are now the current nine provinces of South Africa. Cape Province was broken up into three smaller provinces: the Western Cape, Eastern Cape and Northern Cape. Parts of it were also absorbed into the North West. Walvis Bay, a territory of the original Cape Colony, had been ceded to Namibia two months earlier.

## Districts in 1991

[edit]

Districts of the province and population at the 1991 census.[1]

District  | Population

|

Aberdeen | 8,009
Adelaide | 15,220
Albany (main town Grahamstown)  | 69,705
Albert (main town Burgersdorp)  | 16,995
Alexandria | 26,651
Aliwal North | 27,486
Barkly East | 12,821
Barkly West | 35,012
Bathurst | 32,419
Beaufort West | 31,726
Bedford | 16,074
Bellville | 269,995
Bredasdorp | 23,076
Britstown | 6,523
Caledon | 79,052
Calitzdorp | 6,759
Calvinia | 18,430
Cape | 179,537
Carnarvon | 9,728
Cathcart | 14,815
Ceres | 47,052
Clanwilliam | 28,144
Colesberg | 15,446
Cradock | 37,144
De Aar | 25,438
East London | 240,474
Elliot | 14,159
Fort Beaufort | 22,793
Fraserburg | 4,367
George | 95,597
Goodwood | 259,620
Gordonia (main town Upington)[8] | 118,623
Graaff-Reinet | 34,440
Hankey | 24,548
Hanover | 4,399
Hartswater | 29,146
Hay (main town Griquatown)[9] | 11,104
Heidelberg | 11,519
Herbert (main town Douglas)[10] | 26,316
Hermanus | 21,610
Hofmeyr | 4,995
Hopefield | 8,822
Hopetown | 11,175
Humansdorp | 43,799
Indwe | 9,483
Jansenville | 9,797
Joubertina | 13,385
Kenhardt | 11,353
Kimberley | 167,060
King William's Town | 29,653
Kirkwood | 30,766
Knysna | 50,420
Komga | 14,142
Kuils River | 133,577
Kuruman | 24,817
Ladismith | 12,705
Lady Grey | 7,530
Laingsburg | 5,781
Maclear | 16,653
Malmesbury | 113,450
Middelburg | 21,737
Molteno | 11,702
Montagu | 21,674
Moorreesburg | 11,159
Mossel Bay | 59,170
Murraysburg | 5,960
Namaqualand (main town Springbok)  | 62,536
Noupoort | 8,348
Oudtshoorn | 68,093
Paarl | 136,121
Pearston | 4,983
Philipstown | 8,799
Piketberg | 34,152
Port Elizabeth | 670,653
Postmasburg | 54,790
Prieska | 19,185
Prince Albert | 8,567
Queenstown | 44,469
Richmond | 6,326
Riversdal | 25,021
Robertson | 32,331
Simonstad | 58,323
Somerset East | 29,758
Somerset West | 59,947
Stellenbosch | 73,839
Sterkstroom | 7,687
Steynsburg | 10,593
Steytlerville | 5,341
Strand | 40,096
Stutterheim | 40,119
Sutherland | 3,596
Swellendam | 32,147
Tarka | 9,538
Tulbagh | 25,334
Uitenhage | 182,551
Uniondale | 9,354
Vanrhynsdorp | 12,815
Venterstad | 5,777
Victoria West | 11,910
Vredenburg | 39,908
Vredendal | 28,962
Vryburg | 98,551
Walvis Bay (South African 1878–1994)  | 22,999
Warrenton | 22,368
Wellington | 37,432
Williston | 4,177
Willowmore | 10,734
Wodehouse (main town Dordrecht)[11] | 15,540
Worcester | 117,159
Wynberg | 1,101,668

## Administrators

[edit]

Main article: List of administrators of former South African provinces § Cape Province

## See also

[edit]

* Provinces of South Africa

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Census > 1991 > RSA > Variable Description > Person file > District code". Statistics South Africa – Nesstar WebView. Archived from the original on 19 June 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
2. ^ South Africa Act, 1909 §6 (Wikisource)
3. ^ "EISA South Africa: White domination and Black resistance (1881-1948)". Archived from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
4. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2006. Retrieved 6 July 2012.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
5. ^ "EISA South Africa: Historical franchise arrangements". Archived from the original on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
6. ^ Christoph Marx: Oxwagon Sentinel: Radical Afrikaner Nationalism and the History of the Ossewabrandwag. LIT Verlag Münster, 2009. p.61.
7. ^ a b "The Homelands". South African History Online. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
8. ^ "Dictionary of Southern African Place Names (Public Domain)". Human Science Research Council. p. 182.
9. ^ "Dictionary of Southern African Place Names (Public Domain)". Human Science Research Council. p. 200.
10. ^ "Dictionary of Southern African Place Names (Public Domain)". Human Science Research Council. p. 205.
11. ^ "Dictionary of Southern African Place Names (Public Domain)". Human Science Research Council. p. 478.

## External links

[edit]

* A history of the Cape Province
* Archives kept at Cape Town Archived 22 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine
* Cana, Frank Richardson; Gibson, Walcot; Hillier, Alfred Peter (1911). "Cape Colony" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). pp. 225–248.
* Cana, Frank Richardson (1922). "Cape Province" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 30 (12th ed.). pp. 563–564.

* v
* t
* e

Administrative divisions of South Africa (1910–1994)

Provinces of South Africa|

* Province of the Cape of Good Hope
* Province of the Orange Free State
* Province of the Transvaal
* Province of Natal

Non-independent homelands|

* Gazankulu
* KaNgwane
* KwaNdebele
* KwaZulu
* Lebowa
* Qwaqwa

Independent homelands1|

* Transkei
* Bophuthatswana
* Venda
* Ciskei

Dependent territories|

* Mandate of South West Africa

1 Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei were originally part of South Africa; they later declared independence with South African consent in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Their independence was recognized by the South African government but they were internationally recognized as part of South Africa.

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* VIAF

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