Capital offences in China

Crimes punishable by death

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In Mainland China, there are 46[1] crimes punishable by death.[2][3] These are defined in the criminal law of China, which comprehensively identifies criminal acts and their corresponding liabilities.[4]

## List of capital offenses

[edit]

### Crimes Endangering National Security

[edit]

Endangering national security is among the crime categories included in the 1997 revision of China's criminal code.[5] It comprises Articles 102 to 113 of the 1997 Criminal Law and imposes the confiscation of property as a supplementary penalty.[6] The crimes included are:

1. Treason
2. Separatism
3. Armed rebellion, rioting
4. Collaborating with the enemy
5. Spying or espionage
6. Selling state secrets
7. Providing material support to the enemy

### Crimes Endangering Public Security

[edit]

1.   2. Arson
3. Flooding
4. Manslaughter
5. Bombing
6. Spreading poisons
7. Spreading hazardous substances (e.g., radioactive, toxic, pathogenic)
8. Seriously endangering public safety, broadly construed
9. Sabotaging electricity
10. Sabotaging gas, fuel, petroleum, or other flammables or explosives
11. Hijacking aircraft
12. Illegal possession, transport or selling of explosives or firearms
13. Illegally manufacturing, selling, transporting or storing hazardous materials
14. Theft of explosives or other dangerous material
15. Theft of firearms, ammunition or other dangerous material

### Economic crimes

[edit]

1.   2. Production or sale of counterfeit medicine
3. Production or sale of hazardous food products

### Crimes against people

[edit]

1.   2. Intentional homicide
3. Intentional assault
4. Rape
5. Kidnapping
6. Human trafficking

### Crimes against property

[edit]

1.   2. Robbery

### Crimes against public order

[edit]

1.   2. Prison escape, jailbreaking
3. Raiding a prison
4. Smuggling, dealing, transporting or manufacturing drugs

### Crimes against national defense

[edit]

1.   2. Sabotaging weapons, military installations, or military communications
3. Providing substandard weapons or military installations

### Corruption and bribery

[edit]

1.   2. Embezzlement

### Breach of duty by soldiers

[edit]

1.   2. Insubordination
3. Concealment or false reporting of military intelligence
4. Refusing to pass or falsely passing orders
5. Surrender
6. Defection with aircraft or ships
7. Selling military secrets
8. Theft of military weaponry or supplies
9. Illegally selling or transferring military weaponry or supplies
10. Killing innocent inhabitants of war zones or plundering their property
11. Cowardice

## Amendments

[edit]

A 2011 amendment to this law for the purpose of legal provisions improvement reduced the number of capital crimes by 19.1% and gave more lenient punishments to minors and the elderly (75 years old and above).[4]

In 2015, the criminal code was amended to remove nine capital offenses:[7][8][9][10]

* Smuggling weapons or ammunition
* Smuggling nuclear materials
* Smuggling counterfeit money
* Counterfeiting
* Investment fraud/fraudulent fundraising.
* Organizing prostitution
* Forcing prostitution
* Obstructing military affairs
* Spreading rumors and undermining morale during wartime.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "China media: Death penalty". BBC News. 2014-10-28. Archived from the original on 2018-01-03. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
2. ^ "China says death penalty to be used only for 'serious offenders'". Asahi Shimbun. The Associated Press. 2016-09-12. Archived from the original on 2018-01-03. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
3. ^ 立行, ed. (2015-08-29). "中国刑法再次修正取消9个死刑罪名". BBC中文网 (BBC Chinese) (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 2018-01-03. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
4. ^ a b Wang, Nathan; Madison, Nathan (2013). Inside China's Legal System. Oxford: Chandos Publishing. p. 311\. ISBN 9780857094605.
5. ^ Lu, Hong; Miethe, Terance (2007). China's Death Penalty: History, Law and Contemporary Practices. New York: Routledge. pp. 50–51\. ISBN 978-0415955690.
6. ^ Young, Simon (2009). Civil Forfeiture of Criminal Property: Legal Measures for Targeting the Proceeds of Crime. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 259\. ISBN 9781847208262.
7. ^ "China:". Library of Congress. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
8. ^ Van Sant, Shannon. "China Reduces Number of Crimes Punishable by Death". Voice of America. Archived from the original on June 23, 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
9. ^ Daum, Jeremy (28 September 2015). "It's a crime, I tell ya: Major Changes in China's Criminal Law Amendment 9". China Law Translate. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
10. ^ Plaçais, Aurélie (6 October 2015). "China reduces the number of crimes punishable by death to 46, but keep drug trafficking in the list". World Coalition against the Death Penalty. Retrieved 23 June 2019.

## Further reading

[edit]

* LU Hong (2008-11-05). "China's Death Penalty: Reforms on Capital Punishment (EAI Background Brief No. 412" (PDF). East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-02-15.

## External links

[edit]

* Full text of China's Criminal Code

* v
* t
* e

Capital punishment

Current judicial methods|

* Hanging
* Shooting
* firing squad
* Lethal injection
* Nitrogen hypoxia
* Electrocution
* Gas chamber
* Beheading
* Stoning

Ancient and
post-classical
methods|

* Damnatio ad bestias
* Blood eagle
* Blowing from a gun
* Brazen bull
* Boiling
* Breaking wheel
* Burial
* Burning
* Crucifixion
* Crushing
* Decimation
* Disembowelment
* Dismemberment
* Drowning
* Republican marriage
* Elephant
* Falling
* Flaying
* Garrote
* Gibbeting
* Guillotine
* Hanged, drawn and quartered
* Immurement
* Impalement
* Ishikozume
* Mazzatello
* Sawing
* Scaphism
* Seppuku
* Slow slicing
* Stoning
* Suffocation in ash
* Upright jerker
* Waist chop

Related topics|

* Enforcement or use by country
* Most recent executions by country
* Crime
* Death row
* Executioner
* list
* Scharfrichter
* Final statement
* Last meal
* Penology
* List of methods
* Nine familial exterminations
* Religion and capital punishment
* Wrongful execution
* Botched execution
* Resolutions concerning death penalty at the United Nations
* Capital punishment for drug trafficking
* Capital punishment for homosexuality
* Trial by ordeal

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