Carbon dichalcogenide

Carbon dichalcogenides are chemical compounds of carbon and chalcogen elements. They have the general chemical formula CZ2, where Z = O, S, Se, Te.[1][2]

This includes:

* Carbon dioxide, CO2
* Carbon disulfide, CS2
* Carbon diselenide, CSe2
* Carbonyl sulfide, OCS
* Carbonyl selenide, OCSe
* Thiocarbonyl selenide, SCSe
* Thiocarbonyl telluride, SCTe[1]

## Stability

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Double bonds between carbon and chalcogen elements, C=Z, become weaker the heavier the chalcogen, Z. This trend means carbon dichalcogenide monomers are less stable and more susceptible to polymerisation as Z changes from O to Te. For example, CO2 is stable, CS2 polymerises under extreme conditions, CSe2 tends to polymerise, CSeTe is unstable and CTe2 does not exist.[1] This trend is an example of the double bond rule.

## Bonding

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In carbon dichalcogenides, C=O bond lengths are around 1.16 Å, C=S around 1.56 Å, C=Se around 1.70 Å and C=Te around 1.90 Å.[3]

Carbon–chalcogen double bond lengths in carbon dichalcogenides, Z=C=Z′  Species  | Formula  | Z  | Z′  | Bond  | Bond in molecule  | Bond length / Å  | Method of determination  | Reference

|
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|
|
|
|
|
|

Carbon dioxide  | CO2 | O  | O  | C=O  | O=C=O | 1.163  | infrared spectroscopy | [1][3][4]
Carbonyl sulfide  | OCS  | O  | S  | C=O  | S=C=O | 1.158  | microwave spectroscopy | [5]
Carbonyl selenide  | OCSe  | O  | Se  | C=O  | Se=C=O | 1.159  | microwave spectroscopy  | [3]
Carbonyl sulfide  | OCS  | O  | S  | C=S  | O=C=S | 1.560  | microwave spectroscopy  | [5]
Carbon disulfide  | CS2 | S  | S  | C=S  | S=C=S | 1.553  | infrared spectroscopy  | [5]
Thiocarbonyl selenide  | SCSe  | S  | Se  | C=S  | Se=C=S | 1.553  | microwave spectroscopy  | [5]
Thiocarbonyl telluride  | SCTe  | S  | Te  | C=S  | Te=C=S | 1.557  | microwave spectroscopy  | [3][5][6]
Carbonyl selenide  | OCSe  | O  | Se  | C=Se  | O=C=Se | 1.709  | microwave spectroscopy  | [5]
Thiocarbonyl selenide  | SCSe  | S  | Se  | C=Se  | S=C=Se | 1.693  | microwave spectroscopy  | [5]
Carbon diselenide  | CSe2 | Se  | Se  | C=Se  | Se=C=Se | 1.689  | neutron diffraction | [7]
Thiocarbonyl telluride  | SCTe  | S  | Te  | C=Te  | S=C=Te | 1.904  | microwave spectroscopy  | [3][5][6]

## References

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1. ^ a b c d Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 306, 314–319, 754–755\. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.314-319,+754-755&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-08-037941-8&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=Norman+N.&rft.au=Earnshaw,+Alan&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Carbon+dichalcogenide" class="Z3988">
2. ^ Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2008). Inorganic Chemistry (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall. pp. 409–412, 423–425\. ISBN 978-0-13-175553-6.409-412,+423-425&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-13-175553-6&rft.aulast=Housecroft&rft.aufirst=C.+E.&rft.au=Sharpe,+A.+G.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Carbon+dichalcogenide" class="Z3988">
3. ^ a b c d e Wells, A. F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 926\. ISBN 978-0-19-965763-6.
4. ^ Plyler, Earle K.; Blaine, Lamdin R.; Tidwell, Eugene D. (1955). "Infrared absorption and emission spectra of carbon monoxide in the region from 4 to 6 microns". Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards. 55 (4): 183–192\. doi:10.6028/jres.055.019.183-192&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info:doi/10.6028/jres.055.019&rft.aulast=Plyler&rft.aufirst=Earle+K.&rft.au=Blaine,+Lamdin+R.&rft.au=Tidwell,+Eugene+D.&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=MLSLcOGwdKEC&pg;=PA183&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Carbon+dichalcogenide" class="Z3988">
5. ^ a b c d e f g h William M. Haynes, ed. (2012). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (93rd ed.). CRC Press. p. 9–33. ISBN 978-1439880500.
6. ^ a b Hardy, W. A.; Silvey, G. (1954). "Microwave Spectrum of TeCS and Masses of the Stable Tellurium Isotopes". Phys. Rev. 95 (2): 385–. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.95.385.
7. ^ Powell, B. M.; Torrie, B. H. (1983). "Structure of solid carbon diselenide (CSe2) at 17.5, 50 and 200K". Acta Crystallogr. C. 39 (8): 3070–3072\. doi:10.1107/S0108270183007015.3070-3072&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info:doi/10.1107/S0108270183007015&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=B.+M.&rft.au=Torrie,+B.+H.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Carbon+dichalcogenide" class="Z3988">

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