Casona of the National University of San Marcos

Cultural center in Lima, Peru

Casona de San Marcos

View of the building's chapel from the park

General information
Type| Institution, cultural centre
Architectural style| Baroque, Rococo
Location| Lima
Address| Av. Nicolás de Piérola 1222, University Park, Lima
Country| Peru
Opened| 1605
Owner| University of San Marcos

UNESCO World Heritage Site

Criteria| Cultural: iv
Reference| 500
Inscription| 1988 (12th Session)
Area| 259.36 ha
Buffer zone| 766.70 ha

The Casona of the National University of San Marcos (Spanish: Casona de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos), also known as the Cultural Centre of San Marcos (Spanish: Centro Cultural de San Marcos, CCSM), which operates in the building, is a large Spanish colonial building that hosts the cultural centre of the National University of San Marcos, located in the Historic Centre of Lima, Peru. The building, as well as its adjacent public space, known as the University Park, is part of the area and of the list of buildings of the Historic Center of Lima that were recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, in 1988.[1]

Located in the old building of the Noviciado de San Antonio Abad—a Jesuit novitiate—and of the Real Convictorio de San Carlos, it became the university's headquarters between 1875 and 1966, when most of its administrative offices were moved to the campus of the University City. It serves as the main reference of the cultural and artistic activity of the university, and is one of the best preserved constructions of the colonial era in Lima, housing a theatre known as the University Theatre (TUSM), a library and directorates of ballet, folklore, music, film and television, among others. It also houses two museums: the Museum of Art (MASM), the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (MAA). It is the oldest of the seats currently occupied by the university and one of the most important non-religious historical buildings in the city of Lima.

## History

[edit]

The history of the building begins in 1605, when the wealthy Spaniard Antonio Correa Ureña granted an important donation for the construction of a novitiate built to educate and train the new members of the Society of Jesus. At this time, the dimensions of the novitiate that was called that of San Antonio Abad, was five or even six times larger than the current size of the building.[2] After being partially destructed by the earthquake of 1746, the Jesuits rebuilt it again with a new design, completing the current building.[2] In 1767 three years after the expulsion of the Jesuit order, Viceroy of Peru Manuel de Amat y Junyent founded the Real Convictorio de San Carlos, a type of university, in the former ecclesiastical building, in honour of King Charles III of Spain. This college reached great apogee from the end-18th century until 19th century.[3]

After the proclamation of the independence in 1821, the college continued its work with an almost complete autonomy with respect to the University of San Marcos, until in 1867 it decrees the inclusion of the college of San Carlos and of the Independencia (San Fernando) into it.[citation needed]

Since the transfer of the university, the building remained a place of great historical value and importance, not only for the university, but also for the city of Lima. Since the building suffered a damage caused by the earthquake of 1966, the university was transferred to the new University City, its current main headquarters. The building was then modified to lodge the institutions of cultural extension of the university.[citation needed]

In 1989, the National University of San Marcos, the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation and the National Institute of Culture signed a cooperation agreement to restore the architectural set and to be dedicated to culture, research and artistic creations. The works were carried out with the economic and technical support of the Spanish Cooperation.

The building currently houses the university's cultural centre, which offers cultural extension courses, exhibitions and is home to several university museums and research centers. Inside Inside the building is the Hall of Degrees (formerly the Chapel of Loreto), where the official ceremonies of the honoris causa doctorates that the university grants are realized; the General Hall and the courts of Law, that of Letters, that of Sciences, that of the Jasmines and that of Boys.[citation needed]

## Overview

[edit]

### Halls

[edit]

#### Chapel of Nuestra Señora de Loreto

[edit]

The Chapel of Nuestra Señora de Loreto, also called Hall of Degrees of Literature, is located between the courtyards of Literature and Jasmines. This is one of the most beautiful environments that has the old Casona de San Marcos.[citation needed]

Its vault has thirteen beautiful paintings from the mid-18th century,[3] inspired by saints and doctors of the Church like St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas and others.

#### General Hall

[edit]

In front of the Courtyard of the Jasmines is the Salón General (General Hall), formed by courtroom, stands and wooden galleries, dating from the late-18th century. In this room of debates and controversies, the most important ceremonies of the University are currently held, such as graduations, solemn sessions and seminars.[3]

### Courtyards

[edit]

At the early-20th century, the Casona de San Marcos had of five main cloisters. The Law Faculty worked in the Courtyard los Maestros, which is the main one and has in the center a carved sculpture, mute witness to innumerable historical events and symbol of the University that appears in the current bills of 20 nuevos soles.

The Courtyard of los Naranjos was occupied by the Arts and Education Faculty; the Courtyard of los Chicos, by the Faculty of Sciences, Chemistry and Physics; and the Courtyard of los Jasmines, by the Faculty of Jurisprudence. The fifth patio faced the garden.[3]

### Museums

[edit]

#### Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology

[edit]

Logo used by the museum.

The Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (Spanish: Museo de Arqueología y Antropología MAA), formerly the Museum of Archeology and Ethnology (Spanish: Museo de Arqueología y Etnología), is the university's archaeology and anthropology museum.

It was founded on October 21, 1919, it has a collection of lithic, ceramic and organic elements. Its first director was Dr. Julio C. Tello.[4] In celebration of its 104th anniversary, it added two rooms to its permanent collection in 2023.[5]

#### Museum of Art

[edit]

Logo used by the museum.

The Museum of Art (Spanish: Museo de Arte MASM) is the university's art museum. One of its former curators includes the late Rebeca Carrión Cachot, a Peruvian archaeologist, historian and teacher who studied under the aforementioned Tello.[6]

The history of the museum began on September 27, 1951, when Pedro Dulanto, then rector of the university, founded the Museum of Pictorial Reproductions (Spanish: Museo de Reproducciones Pictóricas), to which the Museum of Art and History (Spanish: Museo de Arte e Historia) was added on February 17, 1970 through the efforts of Dr. Francisco Stastny [es], a Czechoslovak writer and historian. On October 23, 1996, rector Manuel Paredes Manrique merged both institutions to convert it into the current museum.[4]

Its collection includes four major collections: popular art, portraits, modern art, and an archive of farmer's paintings.[7] The portraits include those of the university's well-known staff, as well as its alumni.[4]

### Theatre

[edit]

The San Marcos University Theatre (Spanish: Teatro Universitario de San Marcos, TUSM) is the university's theatre group. It was founded on September 4, 1946, by a group of students from the university's faculty of letters.[8][9]

Since its creation, it has been headed by a number of directors, which include:

№  | Director  | Period

|
|

1  | Mario Rivera  | 1946
2  | Humberto Napurí Jordán  | 1956
3  | Guillermo Ugarte Chamorro  | 1958–1988
4  | Eduardo Hopkins  | 1988–1992
5  | Hernando Cortés  | 1992–1997
6  | Walter Zambrano  | 1998–2001
7  | Ana Zavala  | 2002–2007
8  | Luis Ramírez  | 2007
9  | Gabriela Velásquez  | 2007
10  | Ernesto Ráez Mendiola | 2008
11  | Mario Delgado  | 2010
12  | Augusto Cáceres Álvarez  | 2011–present

## Gallery

[edit]

* Building plan

* Panoramic view of the building and its adjacent park, including its German Tower and other monuments, as well as the Panteón de los Próceres.

* The building and its chapel in 1925.

* Jurisprudence and Law alumni of 1896 at a courtyard

* The 18th-century paintings in the ceiling of the chapel

* Rococo courtyard of los Maestros

* Courtyard of los Jazmines

## See also

[edit]

* Peru portal

* National University of San Marcos
* University City of the National University of San Marcos
* Royal College of the University of San Marcos

## References

[edit]

1. ^ World Heritage Center, UNESCO (December 27, 2014), Historic Centre of Lima
2. ^ a b Sandro Medina Tovar (November 25, 2017), "Casona sanmarquina: 402 años de existencia. Casa y memoria del Perú" (PDF), San Marcos al día (the official magazine of the National University of San Marcos)
3. ^ a b c d Víctor Peña Rodríguez (July 2001), "La Casona de San Marcos - Bulletin 41-Superior Council of Investigations", Central Library 'Pedro Zulen'. National University of San Marcos
4. ^ a b c "Museos". UNMSM.
5. ^ "San Marcos: museo de Arqueología y Antropología exhibirá colecciones de investigaciones". Andina. 2023-10-17.
6. ^ "Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos - UNMSM". www.unmsm.edu.pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-05-28.
7. ^ "Conoce el arte e historia que alberga la Casona San Marcos". TV Perú. 2020-03-14.
8. ^ "TUSM: 72 años difundiendo teatro de calidad". UNMSM. 2018-09-11. Archived from the original on 2021-11-20.
9. ^ "72 años del Teatro Universitario de San Marcos". SIICA. 2018-09-03.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Centro Cultural de la Universidad de San Marcos (Lima).

* Official website of the Cultural Center of the University of San Marcos
* Official website of the National University of San Marcos

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National University of San Marcos

Facilities|

* Casona of the National University of San Marcos
* University Park
* German Tower
* Panteón de los Próceres
* University City of the National University of San Marcos
* Estadio Universidad San Marcos
* Museum of Natural History
* Raúl Porras Barrenechea Institute
* Royal College of the University of San Marcos
* Pacopampa

People|

* Fray Thomas de San Martín
* Jerónimo de Loayza

Media|

* National University of San Marcos Press

Related|

* Deportivo Universidad San Marcos

* v
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Lima landmarks

Pre-Columbian buildings|

* Huaca Huallamarca
* Huaca Pucllana
* Huaca Santa Catalina
* Pachacamac
* Puruchuco

Colonial buildings|

* Balconies of Lima
* Basilica and Convent of Nuestra Señora de la Merced
* Monument
* Plazoleta
* Basilica and Convent of San Francisco
* Catacombs
* Basilica and Convent of San Pedro
* Basilica of Santo Domingo
* Plazuela
* Casa de Aliaga
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* Casa del Oidor
* Casa Goyeneche
* Casa Hacienda Punchauca
* Casa Matusita
* Casa O'Higgins
* Casa Riva-Agüero
* Casona of the National University of San Marcos
* Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
* Museum of Art
* Theatre
* Cathedral Basilica of Lima
* Sanctuary
* Cementerio Presbítero Matías Maestro
* Cripta de los Héroes
* Church of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph
* Church of Saint Catherine of Siena
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* Palacio de Torre Tagle
* Panteón de los Próceres
* Plaza de toros de Acho
* Real Felipe Fortress
* Royal College of the University of San Marcos
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Other touristic buildings|

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* Saint Thérèse of the Child Jesus Church
* Sheraton Lima Historic Center
* Stone of Taulichusco
* The Westin Lima Hotel & Convention Center
* Torre Banco de la Nación

Museums and theatres|

* Aeronautical Museum
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* Casa Grau Naval Museum
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* DIRCOTE Museum
* Gold Museum of Peru and Arms of the World
* Gran Teatro Nacional
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* Larco Museum
* Lima Art Museum
* Metropolitan Museum
* Morro Solar Planetarium
* Municipal Theatre Museum
* Museum of Congress and the Inquisition
* Museum of Contemporary Art
* Museum of the Brain
* Museum of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru
* Museum of Elections and Democracy
* Museum of Italian Art
* Museum of Natural History
* National Afro-Peruvian Museum
* National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology and History
* National Museum
* National Museum of Peruvian Culture
* Naval Museum
* Pinacotheca of Lima
* Teatro Colón
* Teatro Municipal
* Teatro Peruano Japonés
* Teatro Segura

Squares and promenades|

* Cinco esquinas
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* Pasaje Olaya
* Monument
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* Pizza Blvd.
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* Plaza Francia
* Statue of Liberty
* Plaza Grau
* Monument
* Plaza Italia
* Plaza José Faustino Sánchez Carrión
* Plaza Manco Cápac
* Monument
* Plaza Mayor
* Fountain
* Plaza Perú
* Plaza Ramón Castilla
* Monument
* Plaza San Martín
* Lamp of the Three Graces
* Plazuela de las Artes
* Plazuela del Teatro
* Monument

Parks and zoos|

* Alameda Chabuca Granda
* Alameda de los Descalzos
* Museum
* Bridge of Sighs
* Campo de Marte
* Monument
* Costa Verde Pan-American Complex
* El Olivar
* Friendship Park
* Cultural Centre
* Museum
* Heroes of Independence Park
* Huachipa Zoo
* Malecón de Miraflores
* Love Park
* Villena Bridge
* Medicinal Botanical Garden
* Kennedy Park
* Lachay National Reserve
* Pantanos de Villa Wildlife Refuge
* Parque de la Exposición
* Fountain
* Parque de La Muralla
* Pizarro statue
* Parque de la Reserva
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* Paseo de Aguas
* Plazuela Chabuca Granda
* Monument
* Reducto № 2
* Museum
* University Park
* Clock

Education|

* Antonio Ruiz de Montoya University
* Cayetano Heredia University
* Federico Villarreal National University
* National Superior Autonomous School of Fine Arts
* Cultural Centre
* National University of Engineering
* National University of San Marcos
* Officers' School of the National Police of Peru
* Peruvian University of Applied Sciences
* Pontifical Catholic University of Peru
* Raúl Porras Barrenechea Institute
* Ricardo Palma University
* Technological University of Peru
* University of Engineering and Technology
* Campus
* University of Lima

Health|

* Archbishop Loayza National Hospital
* Dos de Mayo National Hospital
* Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital
* San Bartolomé National Hospital
* Víctor Larco Herrera Hospital

Nearby areas with beaches|

* Ancón
* Callao
* Base
* Port
* Chancay
* Port
* Chorrillos
* La Herradura
* Miraflores
* La Pampilla
* Pucusana

Former|

* Banco Comercial
* Barranco Lake
* Barranco Zoo
* Cabildo of Lima
* Casa Alcántara
* Casa Marcionelli
* Casa Oechsle
* Casa Tenaud
* Church of Our Lady of the Forsaken
* Church of Saint Mary of Charity
* Cine Tauro
* El Sexto Prison
* Gate of Lima
* Giacoletti Building
* Great Clock of Lima
* Hipódromo de San Felipe
* Hipódromo de Santa Beatriz
* Lima Penitentiary
* Limatambo Airport
* Limatambo Building
* Marsano Palace
* Moorish Arch
* Museo de la Nación
* National Stadium
* San Jorge Prison
* San Martín barracks
* Venetian Palace
* Saint Paul's College
* Viceregal Palace

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Czech Republic

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