1984 United States presidential election

50th quadrennial U.S. presidential election

1984 United States presidential election

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| <- 1980 | November 6, 1984 | 1988 ->

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|

* * *

538 members of the Electoral College
270 electoral votes needed to win
Opinion polls
Turnout| 55.2%[1] 1.0 pp
|  |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Ronald Reagan | Walter Mondale |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Home state  | California | Minnesota
Running mate  | George H. W. Bush | Geraldine Ferraro
Electoral vote  | 525 | 13
States carried  | 49  | 1 + DC
Popular vote  | 54,455,472 | 37,577,352
Percentage  | 58.8% | 40.6%

* * *

Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Reagan/Bush and blue denotes those won by Mondale/Ferraro. Numbers indicate electoral votes cast by each state and the District of Columbia.

* * *

| President before election

Ronald Reagan
Republican

| Elected President

Ronald Reagan
Republican

|

The 1984 United States presidential election was the 50th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 6, 1984. Incumbent Republican President Ronald Reagan and his running mate, incumbent Vice President George H. W. Bush, were re-elected to a second term in a landslide. They defeated the Democratic ticket of former Vice President Walter Mondale and Congresswoman Geraldine Ferraro.

Reagan and Bush faced only token opposition in their bid for re-nomination. Mondale faced a competitive field in his bid, defeating Colorado Senator Gary Hart, activist Jesse Jackson, and several other candidates in the 1984 Democratic primaries. He eventually chose New York Representative Geraldine Ferraro as his running mate, the first woman to be on a major party's presidential ticket.

Reagan touted a strong economic recovery from the 1970s stagflation and the 1981–1982 recession, and the widespread perception that his presidency had overseen a revival of national confidence and prestige.[2] At 73, Reagan was the oldest person to be nominated by a major party for president, a record that stood until 2020. The Reagan campaign produced effective television advertising and deftly neutralized concerns regarding Reagan's age. Mondale criticized Reagan's supply-side economic policies and budget deficits. He also called for a nuclear freeze and ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment.

Reagan won re-election in a landslide victory, carrying 525 electoral votes, 49 states, and 58.8% of the popular vote. Mondale won 13 electoral votes, 10 from his home state of Minnesota which he won by a narrow margin of 0.18% and 3 from the District of Columbia, which has always voted overwhelmingly for the Democratic candidate.[3] This was the second-largest share of the electoral college since 1820 (and the largest for a Republican), and the most raw electoral votes received by a candidate. This is the last time any candidate won the popular vote by double digits.[4]

Since Mondale's death in April 2021, this is the latest election where all of the major party nominees for president or vice president are deceased.

As of 2020, this marked the last time the Republican nominee carried the states of Hawaii, Massachusetts, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island and Washington. Meanwhile, West Virginia would not vote Republican again until 2000, Iowa would not vote Republican again until 2004, and Wisconsin has only voted Republican once since, in 2016. As of 2020, this is the only time an incumbent president defeated a former vice president and it is also the only time a major party presidential candidate defeated both the incumbent president and the latter's former vice president in consecutive presidential elections. As of 2024, this is the most recent election in which the Republican nominee won the popular vote for the second time in succession.

## Background

[edit]

Ronald Reagan entered the presidency with an unemployment rate of 7.3% and it peaked at 10.6% in December 1982. The United States had a negative gross domestic product growth in 1982.[5]

The Republicans performed poorly in the 1982 elections. Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, and Jimmy Carter lost an average of 12 seats in the United States House of Representatives in their first midterm. The Republicans lost 26 seats in the U.S. House elections. The Republicans lost seven governorships as well.[6]

Reagan's approval rating fell to 35% by January 1983. Polling showed him losing to Democratic candidates, including Walter Mondale and John Glenn.[6] However, unemployment fell to 7.7% by March 1984,[5] and Reagan's approval rating was at 54% in January 1984. His approval rating was aided by the 1983 Beirut barracks bombings and the invasion of Grenada.[7] Polling by CBS News and The New York Times in January 1984 showed him leading Mondale by 16%.[8]

## Nominations

[edit]

### Republican Party candidates

[edit]

Main article: 1984 Republican Party presidential primaries

* Ronald Reagan, President of the United States
* Ben Fernandez, former Special Ambassador to Paraguay from California
* Harold Stassen, former Governor of Minnesota

|  |

This article is part of
a series about

Ronald Reagan

|

* * *

Personal life

* Filmography
* Bibliography
* Death
* Residences
* Birthplace of Ronald Reagan
* Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home
* Rancho del Cielo
* 668 St. Cloud Road

* * *

Speeches

* A Time for Choosing
* States' rights
* Evil Empire
* The boys of Pointe du Hoc
* Tear down this wall!

* * *

33rd Governor of California

* Elections
* 1966
* 1970
* Governorship
* 1969 People's Park protest

* * *

40th President of the United States

* Presidency
* timeline
* Transition
* Inaugurations
* Polls
* Scandals

* * *

Tenure

* Assassination attempt
* Invasion of Grenada
* Bombing of Libya
* Iran–Contra affair
* AIDS
* Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty

* * *

Policies

* Domestic
* Reaganomics
* Foreign
* Reagan Doctrine
* international trips

* * *

Judicial appointments

* Supreme Court candidates
* O'Connor
* Rehnquist
* Scalia
* Bork
* Kennedy

* * *

Presidential campaigns

* 1968
* primaries
* convention
* 1976
* primaries
* convention
* 1980
* election
* primaries
* convention
* debates
* 1984
* election
* primaries
* convention
* debates

* * *

Legacy

* Library
* Accolades
* Eponyms
* Depictions
* music

* * *

* v
* t
* e

|  |

This article is part of
a series about

George H. W. Bush

|

* Family
* Electoral history

* * *

Pre-vice presidency

* U.S. Representative for Texas's 7th

* U.S. Ambassador
* U.N.
* China

* Chair of the RNC

* Director of Central Intelligence

* * *

43rd Vice President of the United States

* Transition
* Tenure
* Reagan administration
* first inauguration
* second inauguration
* Reagan assassination attempt
* Deregulation

* * *

41st President of the United States

* Presidency
* timeline
* Transition
* Inauguration

* * *

Policies

* Environmental
* Foreign
* international trips
* Pardons

* * *

Appointments

* Cabinet
* Judiciary
* Thomas

* * *

Tenure

* Thousand points of light
* foundation
* Invasion of Panama
* Gulf War
* Operation Restore Hope
* NAFTA

* Timeline
* '89
* '90
* '91
* '92–'93

* * *

Presidential campaigns

* 1980
* primaries
* convention

* 1988
* primaries
* convention
* "No new taxes"
* debates
* election

* 1992
* primaries
* convention
* debates
* election

* * *

Vice presidential campaigns

* 1980
* selection
* convention
* election

* 1984
* convention
* election

* * *

Post-presidency

* Presidential library
* Bibliography
* Awards and honors
* Bush School of Government
* Death and state funeral

* * *

* v
* t
* e

Republican Party (United States)1984 Republican Party ticket

Ronald Reagan | George H. W. Bush
for President | for Vice President

40th
President of the United States
(1981–1989) | 43rd
Vice President of the United States
(1981–1989)
Campaign
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the nomination race

Harold Stassen | Ben Fernandez

Governor of Minnesota
(1939–1943) | U.S. Special Envoy to Paraguay
(1973)
Campaign | Campaign
LN: August 23, 1984
12,749 votes | LN: August 23, 1984
202 votes

#### Primaries

[edit]

President Reagan and Vice President Bush at the 1984 Republican National Convention in Dallas

Reagan-Bush '84, under the leadership of Ed Rollins, was organized on October 17, 1983.[9] Reagan delayed his campaign announcement as not running would make him a lame duck while running would make everything he did be viewed as part of his campaign.[10] He announced that he would seek reelection on January 29, 1984.[11]

Reagan was the first incumbent president since Richard Nixon in 1972 to face no significant opposition for renomination.[12] The popular vote from the Republican primaries was as follows:[13]

* Ronald Reagan (inc.): 6,484,987 (98.6%)
* Unpledged delegates: 41,411 (0.6%)
* Others: 21,643 (0.3%)
* "Ronald Reagan No":[a] 14,047 (0.2%)
* Harold E. Stassen: 12,749 (0.2%)
* David Kelly: 360
* Gary Arnold: 252
* Benjamin Fernandez: 202

#### Endorsements

[edit]

List of Ronald Reagan endorsements

Reagan had received endorsements from:

Celebrities

* Morey Amsterdam[14]
* Pat Boone[14]
* Ron Ely[14]
* Cary Grant[14]
* Charlton Heston[14]
* Fred MacMurray[14]
* Hugh O'Brian[14]
* Jerry Reed[14]
* Joan Rivers[14]
* Arnold Schwarzenegger[14]
* Frank Sinatra[14]
* Jaclyn Smith[14]
* Robert Stack[14]
* James Stewart[14]
* Stephanie Zimbalist[14]

Reagan was renominated by a vote of 2,233 delegates (two delegates abstained). For the only time in American history, the vice presidential roll call was taken concurrently with the presidential roll call. Vice President George H. W. Bush was overwhelmingly renominated. This was the last time in the 20th century that the vice-presidential candidate of either major party was nominated by roll call vote.

Balloting  Presidential ballot |  | Vice presidential ballot |

|
|
|

Ronald Reagan | 2,233 | George H. W. Bush | 2,231
Abstaining | 2 | Abstaining | 2
|  | Jack Kemp | 1
|  | Jeane Kirkpatrick | 1

### Democratic Party candidates

[edit]

Main article: 1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries

Mondale campaigning in Pennsylvania

* Walter Mondale, former vice president and former U.S. senator from Minnesota
* Reubin Askew, former governor of Florida
* Alan Cranston, U.S. senator from California
* John Glenn, U.S. senator from Ohio and former NASA astronaut
* Gary Hart, U.S. senator from Colorado
* Ernest Hollings, U.S. senator from South Carolina
* Jesse Jackson, clergyman and civil rights activist from Illinois
* George McGovern, former U.S. senator and 1972 Democratic nominee from South Dakota[15]

Democratic Party (United States)1984 Democratic Party ticket

Walter Mondale | Geraldine Ferraro
for President | for Vice President

42nd
Vice President of the United States
(1977–1981) | U.S. Representative
from New York
(1979–1985)
Campaign

#### Primaries

[edit]

Mondale celebrates his victory in the Iowa caucus.

Only three Democratic candidates won any state primaries: Mondale, Hart, and Jackson. Initially, Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy, after a failed bid to win the 1980 Democratic nomination for president, was considered the de facto front-runner of the 1984 primary. However, Kennedy announced in December 1982 that he did not intend to run.[16][17] Former Vice President Mondale was then viewed as the favorite to win the Democratic nomination. Mondale had the largest number of party leaders supporting him, and he had raised more money than any other candidate. However, both Jackson and Hart emerged as surprising, and troublesome, opponents.

South Carolina Senator Ernest Hollings's wit and experience, as well as his call for a budget freeze, won him some positive attention, but his relatively conservative record alienated liberal Democrats, and he was never really noticed in a field dominated by Mondale, John Glenn, and Gary Hart. Hollings dropped out two days after losing badly in New Hampshire and endorsed Hart a week later. His disdain for his competitors was at times showcased in his comments. He notably referred to Mondale as a "lapdog", and to former astronaut Glenn as "Sky King" who was "confused in his capsule."[18]

California Senator Alan Cranston hoped to galvanize supporters of the nuclear freeze movement that had called on the United States to halt the deployment of existing nuclear weapons and the development of new ones. Glenn and Askew hoped to capture the support of moderate and conservative Democrats. None of them possessed the fundraising ability of Mondale nor the grassroots support of Hart and Jackson, and none won any contests.

Jackson was the second African-American (after Shirley Chisholm) to mount a nationwide campaign for the presidency, and he was the first African-American candidate to be a serious contender. He got 3.5 million votes during the primaries, third behind Hart and Mondale. He won the primaries in Virginia, South Carolina, and Louisiana, and split Mississippi, where there were two separate contests for Democratic delegates. Through the primaries, Jackson helped confirm the black electorate's importance to the Democratic Party in the South at the time. During the campaign, however, Jackson made an off-the-cuff reference to Jews as "Hymies" and New York City as "Hymietown", for which he later apologized. Nonetheless, the remark was widely publicized, and derailed his campaign for the nomination.[19] Jackson ended up winning 21% of the national primary vote but received only 8% of the delegates to the national convention, and he initially charged that his campaign was hurt by the same party rules that allowed Mondale to win. He also poured scorn on Mondale, saying that Hubert Humphrey was the "last significant politician out of the St. Paul-Minneapolis" area.[20]

Hart, from Colorado, was a more serious threat to Mondale, and after winning several early primaries it looked as if he might take the nomination away from Mondale. Hart finished a surprising second in the Iowa caucuses, with 16.5% of the vote. This established him as the main rival to Mondale, effectively eliminating John Glenn, Ernest Hollings and Alan Cranston as alternatives.[21] Hart criticized Mondale as an "old-fashioned" Great Society Democrat who symbolized "failed policies" of the past. Hart positioned himself (just as Bill Clinton would eight years later) as a younger, fresher, and more moderate Democrat who could appeal to younger voters. He emerged as a formidable candidate, winning the key New Hampshire, Ohio, and California primaries as well as several others, especially in the West. However, Hart could not overcome Mondale's financial and organizational advantages, especially among labor union leaders in the Midwest and industrial Northeast.

Hart was also badly hurt in a televised debate with Mondale during the primaries, when the former vice president used a popular television commercial slogan to ridicule Hart's vague "New Ideas" platform. Turning to Hart on camera, Mondale told Hart that whenever he heard Hart talk about his "New Ideas", he was reminded of the Wendy's fast-food slogan "Where's the beef?" The remark drew loud laughter and applause from the viewing audience and caught Hart off-guard. Hart never fully recovered from Mondale's charge that his "New Ideas" were shallow and lacking in specifics.

Mondale celebrates several victories in March 13 primaries with Jimmy Carter (under whom Mondale had previously served as vice president) at his campaign headquarters.

At a roundtable debate between the three remaining Democratic candidates moderated by Phil Donahue, Mondale and Hart got into such a heated argument over the issue of U.S. policy in Central America that Jackson had to tap his water glass on the table to help get them to stop.

Mondale gradually pulled away from Hart in the delegate count, but, as Time reported in late May, "Mondale ... has a wide lead in total delegates (1,564 to 941) ... because of his victories in the big industrial states, his support from the Democratic Establishment and the arcane provisions of delegate-selection rules that his vanguard helped draft two years ago."[22] After the final primary in California, on June 5, which Hart won, Mondale was about 40 delegates short of the total he needed for the nomination.[23] However, at the Democratic National Convention in San Francisco on July 16, Mondale received the overwhelming support of the unelected superdelegates from the party establishment to win the nomination.

Mondale's nomination marked the second time since the nomination of former governor of Georgia Jimmy Carter in 1976 and the fourth time since the nomination of former Representative John W. Davis in 1924 that the Democratic Party nominated a private citizen for president (not serving in an official government role at the time of the nomination and election). Mondale was the last private citizen to be nominated for president by the Democratic Party until former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in 2016. He was also the last former vice president to be nominated for president until Joe Biden in 2020.

This race for the Democratic Party presidential nomination was the closest in two generations, and, as of 2020, it was the last occasion that a major party's race for the presidential nomination went all the way to its convention.

#### Endorsements

[edit]

Note: These are only those endorsements which occurred during or before the primary race.

List of Walter Mondale endorsements

Mondale had received endorsements from:

United States House of Representatives

* Representative Jim Bates of California[24]
* Representative Edward Boland of Massachusetts[25]
* Representative Rick Boucher of Virginia[26]
* Representative Joseph D. Early of Massachusetts[25]
* Representative Barney Frank of Massachusetts[25]
* Representative Robert García of New York[27]
* Representative Sam Gejdenson of Connecticut[25]
* Representative Tom Harkin of Iowa[28]
* Representative Joe Moakley of Massachusetts[25]
* Representative Charles B. Rangel of New York[29]
* Representative William R. Ratchford of Connecticut[25]
* Representative James Michael Shannon of Massachusetts[25]

Governors and State Constitutional officers

* New York Attorney General Robert Abrams[27]
* Governor Mario Cuomo of New York[27]
* Lieutenant Governor Zell Miller of Georgia[30]

Former officeholders

* Former President Jimmy Carter of Georgia[31]

Former diplomats, board members and other officials

* Former Secretary of State Dean Rusk of Georgia[31]

Organizations and unions

* AFL–CIO[31]
* Alabama Democratic Conference[32]
* National Education Association[33]
* National Organization for Women[33]

Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders
Alabama

* Mayor Richard Arrington, Jr. of Birmingham[34]

California

* Mayor and 1982 Democratic Gubernatorial nominee Tom Bradley of Los Angeles[35]

Georgia

* State Senator Julian Bond[30]

Illinois

* Former Alderman, President of the City Council, 1983 mayoral candidate, and Cook County Democratic Party Chairman Edward Vrdolyak of Chicago[36]

Michigan

* Mayor Coleman Young of Detroit[35]

List of Gary Hart endorsements

Hart had received endorsements from:

United States House of Representatives

* Representative Patricia Schroeder of Colorado[37]
* Representative Chuck Schumer of New York[38]
* Representative and 1976 Democratic presidential candidate Mo Udall of Arizona[39]
* Representative Henry A. Waxman of California[40]

Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators

* Actor and director Warren Beatty[41]

List of Jesse Jackson endorsements

Jackson had received endorsements from:

United States House of Representatives

* Delegate Walter E. Fauntroy of Washington, D.C.[42]

Former officeholders

* Former Representative and 1972 Democratic presidential candidate Shirley Chisholm of New York[43]
* Former Governor Orval E. Faubus of Arkansas[44]

Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders
Alabama

* State Senator Michael Figures[45]
* Mayor Johnny Ford of Tuskegee[46]
* State Senator Earl Hilliard[46]
* State Senator Hank Sanders[34]

Georgia

* State Representative Tyrone Brookes[47]

Illinois

* Mayor Carl Officer of East St. Louis[47]

Indiana

* Mayor Richard G. Hatcher of Gary[36]

Washington, D.C.

* Mayor Marion Barry of Washington, D.C.[48]

Organizations and unions

* Church of God in Christ[49]
* Nation of Islam[49]
* National Baptist Convention of America, Inc.[49]
* National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.[50]
* National Farmers Alliance[43]
* National Hispanic Leadership Conference[43]

Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators

* Muhammad Ali[51]
* 1980 presidential nominee of the Citizens Party Barry Commoner[52]

List of Ernest F. Hollings endorsements

Hollings had received endorsements from:

United States Senate

* Former U.S. Senator Birch Bayh of Indiana[53]
* Former U.S. Senator William B. Spong, Jr. of Virginia[54]

State Constitutional officers

* Lieutenant Governor Martha Griffiths of Michigan[55]
* State Senator Anna Belle Clement O'Brien of Tennessee[56]
* Lieutenant Governor Nancy Stevenson of South Carolina[55]

List of John Glenn endorsements

Glenn had received endorsements from:

United States Senate

* Senator Sam Nunn of Georgia[57]
* Senator Jim Sasser of Tennessee[58]
* Senator Paul Tsongas of Massachusetts[59]

United States House of Representatives

* Representative Jerry Huckaby of Louisiana[25]

Governors and State Constitutional officers

* Lieutenant Governor Bill Baxley of Alabama[31][60]
* Governor Chuck Robb of Virginia[61]

Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders
Georgia

* Commissioner of Agriculture Tommy Irvin[30]

Texas

* State Representative Larry Walker[30]

Celebrities

* Actor and director Warren Beatty[41]

List of Alan Cranston endorsements

Cranston had received endorsements from:

United States House of Representatives

* Representative William Lehman of Florida[25]

List of Reubin Askew endorsements

Askew had received endorsements from:

United States Senate

* Senator Lawton Chiles of Florida[34]

United States House of Representatives

* Representative William V. Chappell, Jr. of Florida[25]
* Representative Dante Fascell of Florida[25]
* Representative Sam Gibbons of Florida[25]
* Representative Dan Mica of Florida[25]

Governors and State Constitutional officers

* Governor Bob Graham of Florida[62]

Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders
Florida

* Mayor Eva Mack of West Palm Beach[63]

#### Convention

[edit]

This was the convention's nomination tally:

Balloting  Presidential ballot |  | Vice presidential ballot |

|
|
|

Walter F. Mondale | 2,191 | Geraldine A. Ferraro | 3,920
Gary W. Hart | 1,200.5 | Shirley Chisholm | 3
Jesse L. Jackson | 465.5 |  |
Thomas F. Eagleton | 18 |  |
George S. McGovern | 4 |  |
John H. Glenn | 2 |  |
Joe Biden | 1 |  |
Lane Kirkland | 1 |  |

When he made his acceptance speech at the Democratic Convention, Mondale said: "Let's tell the truth. Mr. Reagan will raise taxes, and so will I. He won't tell you. I just did."[64] Although Mondale intended to expose Reagan as hypocritical and position himself as the honest candidate, the choice of raising taxes as a discussion point likely damaged his electoral chances.

#### Vice presidential nominee

[edit]

Ferraro with Boston Mayor Raymond Flynn and Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis at a campaign stop in Boston

Mondale wanted to establish a highly visible precedent with his vice presidential candidate. Mondale chose U.S. Rep. Geraldine A. Ferraro from New York as his running mate, making her the first woman and the first Catholic nominated for that position by a major party. Another reason for the nominee to "go for broke" instead of balancing the ticket was Reagan's lead in the polls. Mondale hoped to appeal to women, and by 1980, they were the majority of voters. In a "much criticized parade of possible Veep candidates" to his home in Minnesota, Mondale considered San Francisco Mayor Dianne Feinstein and Kentucky Governor Martha Layne Collins, also female; Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley, an African American; and San Antonio Mayor Henry Cisneros, a Hispanic, as other finalists for the nomination. In addition to her sex, Mondale chose Ferraro because he hoped she would attract ethnic voters with her personal background.[20][65] Unsuccessful nomination candidate Jesse Jackson derided Mondale's vice-presidential screening process as a "P.R. parade of personalities", but praised Mondale for his choice, having himself pledged to name a woman to the ticket in the event he was nominated.

Mondale had wanted to choose New York Governor Mario Cuomo as his running mate, but Cuomo declined and recommended Ferraro,[66] his protégée.[67] Mondale might have named Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis as his running mate had he wanted to make a "safe" choice",[65] while others preferred Senator Lloyd Bentsen because he would appeal to more conservative Southern voters. Nomination rival Gary Hart stated before Ferraro's selection that he would accept an invitation to run with Mondale;[65] Hart's supporters claimed he would do better than Mondale against President Reagan, an argument undercut by a June 1984 Gallup poll that showed both men nine points behind the president.

### Other parties

[edit]

#### National Unity Party nomination

[edit]

Former U.S. representative John B. Anderson declined to run on April 26, 1984, and endorsed Mondale on August 27.

The National Unity Party was an outgrowth of John Anderson's presidential campaign from the 1980 presidential election. Anderson hoped that the party would be able to challenge the "two old parties", which he viewed as being tied to various special interest groups and incapable of responsible fiscal reform. The intention was to organize the new party in California, Oregon, Washington, Illinois, the New England states, and others where his previous candidacy had proven to have experienced the most success. The party was also eligible for $5.8 million in Federal election funds, but its qualification depended on it being on the ballot in at least ten states; however, it remained unclear if National Unity could actually obtain the funds, or if it needed to be Anderson himself.[68][69][70][71][72][73][74]

Anderson initially was against running, hoping that another notable politico would take the party into the 1984 election, and feared that his own candidacy might result in the party being labeled a "personality cult". However, no candidate came forward resulting in Anderson becoming the nominee in waiting. While Anderson had found equal support from the Republicans and Democrats in the 1980 election, the grand majority of the former had since switched back, resulting in the new party being supported principally by those who normally would vote Democratic, which it was feared might make him a spoiler candidate. In light of this, in addition to difficulties in getting on the ballot in his targeted states (Utah and Kentucky were the only two, neither among those he intended to prominently campaign in), Anderson ultimately declined to run.

Anderson announced that he would not run on April 26, 1984.[75] He later endorsed Mondale and a survey of National Unity members showed that they supported his action.[76] Anderson had hoped that the party would continue to grow and field candidates in 1986,[77] and later a presidential candidate in 1988.[75]

#### Libertarian Party nomination

[edit]

* David Bergland, Party Chairman from California
* Gene Burns, talk radio host from Florida (withdrew – August 26, 1983)[78]
* Tonie Nathan, 1972 vice presidential nominee from Oregon (declined to contest)
* Earl Ravenal, foreign policy analyst, academic, and writer from Washington, D.C.
* Mary Ruwart, research scientist from Texas

Burns was the initial frontrunner for the nomination, but withdrew, citing concerns that the party would not be able to properly finance a campaign. The remaining candidates were Bergland; Ravenal, who had worked in the Department of Defense under Robert McNamara and Clark Clifford; and Ruwart. Bergland narrowly won the presidential nomination over Ravenal. His running mate was James A. Lewis. The ticket appeared on 39 state ballots.

#### Citizens Party nomination

[edit]

Sonia Johnson ran in the 1984 presidential election, as the presidential candidate of the Citizens Party, Pennsylvania's Consumer Party and California's Peace and Freedom Party. Johnson received 72,161 votes (0.1%) finishing fifth. Her running mate for the Citizens Party was Richard Walton and for the Peace and Freedom Party Emma Wong Mar. One of her campaign managers, Mark Dunlea, later wrote a novel about a first female president, Madame President.

#### Communist Party nomination

[edit]

The Communist Party USA ran Gus Hall for president and Angela Davis for vice president.

## General election

[edit]

### Campaign

[edit]

Mondale and Ferraro campaigning in Fort Lauderdale, Florida

Mondale unsuccessfully tried to replace Charles Manatt with Bert Lance as chair of the DNC. Mondale made Lance the chair of his presidential campaign. However, Lance had to be removed due to controversy over his tenure as director of the Office of Management and Budget.[79]

Reagan's lead in polling declined after the Republican convention due to its strong right-wing stances. Reagan was also criticized for a joke about bombing the Soviet Union. However, polls showed that voters believed Mondale was "too cautious and vague" and was trying to appeal to too many special interest groups.[80]

Roger Stone and other strategists working for Reagan viewed Ohio, where unemployment was 10%, as his most vulnerable state.[81]

Reagan made appeals to Evangelical voters during the campaign. He declared January 22, 1984, to be National Sanctity of Human Life Day. The American Coalition for Traditional Values (ACTV), under the leadership of Tim LaHaye, was tasked with maintaining Evangelical support. The ACTV planned on registering 2.5 million voters. Laxalt sent a letter to 45,000 ministers in sixteen states, under the title of the Christian Voter Program, asking for them to support Reagan's campaign and register voters.[82]

Mondale ran a liberal campaign, supporting a nuclear freeze and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). He spoke against what he considered to be unfairness in Reagan's economic policies and the need to reduce federal budget deficits.

While Ferraro's choice was popular among Democratic activists, polls immediately after the announcement showed that only 22% of women were pleased about her selection, versus 18% who agreed that it was a bad idea. 60% of all voters thought that pressure from women's groups had led to Mondale's decision, versus 22% who believed that he had chosen the best available candidate.[65] Some members of the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church criticized the Catholic Ferraro for being pro-choice on abortion. Already fighting an uphill battle with voters, Ferraro also faced a slew of allegations, mid-campaign, directed toward her husband, John Zaccaro. These allegations included Zaccaro's possible past involvement in organized crime, pornography distribution, and campaign contribution violations. Ferraro responded to these allegations against her husband by releasing her family tax returns to the media on August 21, 1984. However, the damage to the campaign was already done.[83][84]

Reagan and Bush campaigning in Austin, Texas

At a campaign stop in Hammonton, New Jersey, Reagan said, "America's future rests in a thousand dreams inside your hearts. It rests in the message of hope in songs of a man so many young Americans admire, New Jersey's Bruce Springsteen." The Reagan campaign briefly used "Born in the U.S.A.", a song criticizing the treatment of Vietnam War veterans (which they mistakenly thought was devoid of anti-war content and a very jingoistic patriotic rock song), as a campaign song, without permission, until Springsteen, a lifelong Democrat, insisted that they stop.[85] Two of the more memorable Reagan campaign ads were commonly known as "Morning in America" and, after the difficult first debate for the president, "Bear in the woods".[86]

Clip from the second debate in which Reagan responds to a question about his age

Reagan was the oldest president to have served to that time (at 73) and there were questions about his capacity to endure the grueling demands of the presidency, particularly after Reagan had a poor showing in the first 1984 United States presidential debates with Mondale on October 7. He referred to having started going to church "here in Washington", although the debate was in Louisville, Kentucky, referred to military uniforms as "wardrobe", and admitted to being "confused", among other mistakes.[87] In the next debate on October 21, however, in response to a question from journalist Henry Trewhitt[86] about his age, Reagan joked, "I will not make age an issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit, for political purposes, my opponent's youth and inexperience." Mondale himself laughed at the joke,[88] and later admitted that Reagan had effectively neutralized the age issue:

> If TV can tell the truth, as you say it can, you'll see that I was smiling. But I think if you come in close, you'll see some tears coming down because I knew he had gotten me there. That was really the end of my campaign that night, I think. [I told my wife] the campaign was over, and it was.[89]

### Presidential debates

[edit]

Main article: 1984 United States presidential debates

There were two presidential debates and one vice presidential debate during the 1984 general election.[90]

No.  | Date  | Host  | Location  | Panelists  | Moderator  | Participants  | Viewership
(millions)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

P1  | Sunday, October 7, 1984  | The Kentucky Center | Louisville, Kentucky | James Wieghart
Diane Sawyer
Fred Barnes | Barbara Walters | President Ronald Reagan
Former Vice President Walter Mondale | 65.1[90]
VP  | Thursday, October 11, 1984  | Philadelphia Civic Center | Philadelphia | John Bashek
Jack White
Robert Boyd | Sander Vanocur | Vice President George H. W. Bush
Congresswoman Geraldine Ferraro | 56.7[90]
P2  | Sunday, October 21, 1984  | Municipal Auditorium (Kansas City, Missouri) | Kansas City, Missouri | Georgie Anne Geyer
Marvin Kalb
Morton Kondracke | Edwin Newman | President Ronald Reagan
Former Vice President Walter Mondale | 67.3 [90]

## Results

[edit]

Results of the 1984 presidential election by margin, congressional district, and county

This was the first time since 1960 that the voter turnout percentage rose.[91] Reagan was re-elected in the November 6 election in an electoral and popular vote landslide, winning 49 states by the time the ballots were finished counting on election night at 11:34 PM in Iowa. He won a record 525 electoral votes total (of 538 possible), and received 58.8% of the popular vote; despite Ferraro's selection, 55% of women who voted did so for Reagan,[83] and his 54 to 61% of the Catholic vote was the highest for a Republican candidate in history.[92] Mondale's 13 electoral college votes marked the lowest total of any major presidential candidate since Alf Landon's 1936 loss to Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the fewest of any Democrat since Stephen A. Douglas claimed 12 in the 1860 election, as well as the worst for a Democrat in a two-way race. However, Democrats Alton B. Parker, James M. Cox, John W. Davis, and George S. McGovern, did worse in the popular vote. This was the second-largest share of the electoral college since 1820, and the most raw electoral votes received by a candidate. This is the last time any candidate won the popular vote by double digits.[4]

The Republicans gained seats in the concurrent U.S. House of Representatives elections, but the Democrats maintained their control over the chamber. The Democrats gained two seats in the concurrent U.S. Senate elections, but the Republicans maintained control over the chamber.[91]

Reagan receiving a concession call from Mondale

When Reagan was asked in December 1984 what he wanted for Christmas he joked, "Well, Minnesota would have been nice".[93] Reagan lost Minnesota in both this election and in 1980, making it the only state he failed to win in either election, and also making him the first two-term Republican president not to carry Minnesota, and the same feat would later be duplicated by George W. Bush who won both the 2000 and 2004 elections without winning Minnesota either time. This is the last election where the Republican candidate achieved any of the following: Win every state in the Northeastern, Southern, and Pacific regions of the United States; win at least one county in every state; win any of the following states: Hawaii, Massachusetts, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Washington; and win the following states twice: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Washington, and Wisconsin.[94]

The 525 electoral votes received by Reagan – the most received by a nominee in one election – added to the 489 electoral votes he achieved in 1980, gave him the most total electoral votes received by any candidate who was elected to the office of president twice (1,014), and the third largest number of electoral votes received by any candidate who was elected to the office of president behind Richard Nixon's 1,040 and Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1,876 total electoral votes.

### Statistical analysis

[edit]

Reagan's landslide victory resulted in him winning 97.6% of electoral votes, only behind Roosevelt's 98.5% in 1936. However, Reagan's popular vote share was below that of the winners in 1920, 1932, 1964, and 1972. His margin of victory was also lower than the winners of 1904, 1920, 1924, 1936, 1964, and 1972.[95]

Mondale's national percentage of the popular vote declined by 0.4% compared to Carter.[96] Reagan's percentage in each state rose from 1980, with his best performances occurring in the South and states with large third-party votes. Mondale improved upon Carter's 1980 results in 28 states, but performed worse in 22 states, 15 of which were in the South.[97]

Psephologists attributed a factor of the Republican victory to "Reagan Democrats", millions of Democrats who voted for Reagan, as in 1980. They characterized such Reagan Democrats as southern whites and northern blue-collar workers who voted for Reagan because they credited him with the economic recovery, saw Reagan as strong on national security issues, and perceived the Democrats as supporting the poor and minorities at the expense of the middle class. The Democratic National Committee commissioned a study after the election that came to these conclusions, but destroyed all copies of the final report, afraid that it would offend the party's key voters.[92]

The percentage of Democrats who voted for Reagan ranged from 16 to 26% while Republicans voting for Mondale ranged from 3 to 7% according to exit polls by the Los Angeles Times, NBC, ABC/The Washington Post, and CBS News/The New York Times.[98] One-third of people who supported Hart during the Democratic primary voted for Reagan.[99] Polling by CBS News and The New York Times reported that 66% of Anderson voters supported Mondale while 27% supported Reagan and 61% of Carter voters supported Mondale while 25% supported Reagan. 22% of those who did not vote in 1980 supported Reagan while 18% supported Mondale.[100]

Reagan also benefited from a near-total collapse in the third-party vote, which dropped to just 0.67% of the popular vote, its lowest level since 1964, with Bergland's campaign alone counting for over a third of this number, and none of the other third-party candidates exceeding 0.1% of the popular vote.

Reagan, who won 63% of white evangelical voters in 1980, received 80% of their votes against Mondale.[101]

It was also the last election where the Republican nominee won Wisconsin until 2016, Iowa until 2004, West Virginia until 2000, the last election in which the winning candidate won by a double-digit margin in the percentage of the popular vote, and the last election where the winning candidate won by an eight-digit margin in total popular votes (10 million or more).[94] Finally, despite his narrow loss in Minnesota, Reagan still won in five out of its eight congressional districts (by contrast, Nixon had only carried one Massachusetts district twelve years earlier) thus making Reagan the only U.S. presidential candidate in history to win the popular vote in a majority of congressional districts in every state. In stark contrast, Mondale became the first major-party U.S. presidential candidate since the start of popular presidential elections not to win a majority of the popular vote in any state (not counting Stephen A. Douglas in 1860, and William H. Taft in 1912, elections which were both complicated by strong third-party performances, plus the Democratic vote being divided between Douglas and John C. Breckinridge in 1860), having only won a plurality of 49.7% of the vote in Minnesota.

### Electoral results

[edit]

Electoral results  Presidential candidate  | Party  | Home state  | Popular vote  | Electoral
vote  | Running mate

|
|
|
|
|

Count  | Percentage  | Vice-presidential candidate  | Home state  | Electoral vote
Ronald Reagan (incumbent) | Republican | California  | 54,455,472  | 58.77%  | 525  |  George H. W. Bush (incumbent) | Texas | 525
Walter Mondale | Democratic | Minnesota | 37,577,352  | 40.56%  | 13  |  Geraldine Ferraro | New York  | 13
David Bergland | Libertarian | California | 228,111  | 0.25%  | 0  |  Jim Lewis | Connecticut | 0
Lyndon LaRouche | Independent | Virginia | 78,809  | 0.09%  | 0  |  Billy Davis | Mississippi | 0
Sonia Johnson | Citizens | Idaho | 72,161  | 0.08%  | 0  |  Richard Walton | Rhode Island | 0
Bob Richards | Populist | Texas | 66,324  | 0.07%  | 0  |  Maureen Salaman | California | 0
Dennis L. Serrette | New Alliance | New Jersey | 46,853  | 0.05%  | 0  |  Nancy Ross | New York | 0
Gus Hall | Communist | New York | 36,386  | 0.04%  | 0  |  Angela Davis | California | 0
Melvin T. Mason | Socialist Workers | California | 24,699  | 0.03%  | 0  |  Matilde Zimmermann | New York | 0
Larry Holmes | Workers World | New York | 17,985  | 0.02%  | 0  |  Gloria La Riva | California | 0
Other | 49,181  | 0.05%  | —  | Other | —
Total  | 92,653,233  | 100%  | 538  |  | 538
Needed to win  | 270  |  | 270

Source for the popular vote:[102]
Source for the electoral vote:[103]

| Popular vote

|  |
Reagan |

| 58.77%
Mondale |

| 40.56%
Bergland |

| 0.25%
Others |

| 0.42%

| Electoral vote

|  |
Reagan |

| 97.58%
Mondale |

| 2.42%

### Results by state

[edit]

Sources:[104][105]

Legend  States/districts won by Reagan/Bush

States/districts won by Mondale/Ferraro
† | At-large results (Maine used the Congressional District Method)

| Ronald Reagan
Republican  | Walter Mondale
Democratic  | David Bergland
Libertarian  | Margin  | State total

|
|
|
|
|

State  | electoral
votes  | #  | %  | electoral
votes  | #  | %  | electoral
votes  | #  | %  | electoral
votes  | #  | %  | #  |
Alabama | 9  | 872,849  | 60.54  | 9  | 551,899  | 38.28  | –  | 9,504  | 0.66  | –  | 320,950  | 22.26  | 1,441,713  | AL
Alaska | 3  | 138,377  | 66.65  | 3  | 62,007  | 29.87  | –  | 6,378  | 3.07  | –  | 76,370  | 36.79  | 207,605  | AK
Arizona | 7  | 681,416  | 66.42  | 7  | 333,854  | 32.54  | –  | 10,585  | 1.03  | –  | 347,562  | 33.88  | 1,025,897  | AZ
Arkansas | 6  | 534,774  | 60.47  | 6  | 338,646  | 38.29  | –  | 2,221  | 0.25  | –  | 196,128  | 22.18  | 884,406  | AR
California | 47  | 5,467,009  | 57.51  | 47  | 3,922,519  | 41.27  | –  | 49,951  | 0.53  | –  | 1,544,490  | 16.25  | 9,505,423  | CA
Colorado | 8  | 821,818  | 63.44  | 8  | 454,974  | 35.12  | –  | 11,257  | 0.87  | –  | 366,844  | 28.32  | 1,295,381  | CO
Connecticut | 8  | 890,877  | 60.73  | 8  | 569,597  | 38.83  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 321,280  | 21.90  | 1,466,900  | CT
Delaware | 3  | 152,190  | 59.78  | 3  | 101,656  | 39.93  | –  | 268  | 0.11  | –  | 50,534  | 19.85  | 254,572  | DE
D.C. | 3  | 29,009  | 13.73  | –  | 180,408  | 85.38  | 3  | 279  | 0.13  | –  | −151,399  | −71.66  | 211,288  | DC
Florida | 21  | 2,730,350  | 65.32  | 21  | 1,448,816  | 34.66  | –  | 754  | 0.02  | –  | 1,281,534  | 30.66  | 4,180,051  | FL
Georgia | 12  | 1,068,722  | 60.17  | 12  | 706,628  | 39.79  | –  | 151  | 0.01  | –  | 362,094  | 20.39  | 1,776,093  | GA
Hawaii | 4  | 185,050  | 55.10  | 4  | 147,154  | 43.82  | –  | 2,167  | 0.65  | –  | 37,896  | 11.28  | 335,846  | HI
Idaho | 4  | 297,523  | 72.36  | 4  | 108,510  | 26.39  | –  | 2,823  | 0.69  | –  | 189,013  | 45.97  | 411,144  | ID
Illinois | 24  | 2,707,103  | 56.17  | 24  | 2,086,499  | 43.30  | –  | 10,086  | 0.21  | –  | 620,604  | 12.88  | 4,819,088  | IL
Indiana | 12  | 1,377,230  | 61.67  | 12  | 841,481  | 37.68  | –  | 6,741  | 0.30  | –  | 535,749  | 23.99  | 2,233,069  | IN
Iowa | 8  | 703,088  | 53.27  | 8  | 605,620  | 45.89  | –  | 1,844  | 0.14  | –  | 97,468  | 7.39  | 1,319,805  | IA
Kansas | 7  | 677,296  | 66.27  | 7  | 333,149  | 32.60  | –  | 3,329  | 0.33  | –  | 344,147  | 33.67  | 1,021,991  | KS
Kentucky | 9  | 822,782  | 60.04  | 9  | 539,589  | 39.37  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 283,193  | 20.66  | 1,370,461  | KY
Louisiana | 10  | 1,037,299  | 60.77  | 10  | 651,586  | 38.18  | –  | 1,876  | 0.11  | –  | 385,713  | 22.60  | 1,706,822  | LA
Maine † | 2  | 336,500  | 60.83  | 2  | 214,515  | 38.78  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 121,985  | 22.05  | 553,144  | ME
Maine-1 | 1 | 175,472 | 59.90 | 1 | 117,450 | 40.10 | –  | –  | –  | –  | 58,022 | 19.81 | 292,922 | ME1
Maine-2 | 1 | 161,028 | 62.39 | 1 | 97,065 | 37.61 | –  | –  | –  | –  | 63,963 | 24.78 | 258,093 | ME2
Maryland | 10  | 879,918  | 52.51  | 10  | 787,935  | 47.02  | –  | 5,721  | 0.34  | –  | 91,983  | 5.49  | 1,675,873  | MD
Massachusetts | 13  | 1,310,936  | 51.22  | 13  | 1,239,606  | 48.43  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 71,330  | 2.79  | 2,559,453  | MA
Michigan | 20  | 2,251,571  | 59.23  | 20  | 1,529,638  | 40.24  | –  | 10,055  | 0.26  | –  | 721,933  | 18.99  | 3,801,658  | MI
Minnesota | 10  | 1,032,603  | 49.54  | –  | 1,036,364  | 49.72  | 10  | 2,996  | 0.14  | –  | −3,761  | −0.18  | 2,084,449  | MN
Mississippi | 7  | 581,477  | 61.85  | 7  | 352,192  | 37.46  | –  | 2,336  | 0.25  | –  | 229,285  | 24.39  | 940,192  | MS
Missouri | 11  | 1,274,188  | 60.02  | 11  | 848,583  | 39.98  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 425,605  | 20.05  | 2,122,771  | MO
Montana | 4  | 232,450  | 60.47  | 4  | 146,742  | 38.18  | –  | 5,185  | 1.35  | –  | 85,708  | 22.30  | 384,377  | MT
Nebraska | 5  | 460,054  | 70.55  | 5  | 187,866  | 28.81  | –  | 2,079  | 0.32  | –  | 272,188  | 41.74  | 652,090  | NE
Nevada | 4  | 188,770  | 65.85  | 4  | 91,655  | 31.97  | –  | 2,292  | 0.80  | –  | 97,115  | 33.88  | 286,667  | NV
New Hampshire | 4  | 267,051  | 68.66  | 4  | 120,395  | 30.95  | –  | 735  | 0.19  | –  | 146,656  | 37.71  | 388,954  | NH
New Jersey | 16  | 1,933,630  | 60.09  | 16  | 1,261,323  | 39.20  | –  | 6,416  | 0.20  | –  | 672,307  | 20.89  | 3,217,862  | NJ
New Mexico | 5  | 307,101  | 59.70  | 5  | 201,769  | 39.23  | –  | 4,459  | 0.87  | –  | 105,332  | 20.48  | 514,370  | NM
New York | 36  | 3,664,763  | 53.84  | 36  | 3,119,609  | 45.83  | –  | 11,949  | 0.18  | –  | 545,154  | 8.01  | 6,806,810  | NY
North Carolina | 13  | 1,346,481  | 61.90  | 13  | 824,287  | 37.89  | –  | 3,794  | 0.17  | –  | 522,194  | 24.00  | 2,175,361  | NC
North Dakota | 3  | 200,336  | 64.84  | 3  | 104,429  | 33.80  | –  | 703  | 0.23  | –  | 95,907  | 31.04  | 308,971  | ND
Ohio | 23  | 2,678,560  | 58.90  | 23  | 1,825,440  | 40.14  | –  | 5,886  | 0.13  | –  | 853,120  | 18.76  | 4,547,619  | OH
Oklahoma | 8  | 861,530  | 68.61  | 8  | 385,080  | 30.67  | –  | 9,066  | 0.72  | –  | 476,450  | 37.94  | 1,255,676  | OK
Oregon | 7  | 685,700  | 55.91  | 7  | 536,479  | 43.74  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 149,221  | 12.17  | 1,226,527  | OR
Pennsylvania | 25  | 2,584,323  | 53.34  | 25  | 2,228,131  | 45.99  | –  | 6,982  | 0.14  | –  | 356,192  | 7.35  | 4,844,903  | PA
Rhode Island | 4  | 212,080  | 51.66  | 4  | 197,106  | 48.02  | –  | 277  | 0.07  | –  | 14,974  | 3.65  | 410,492  | RI
South Carolina | 8  | 615,539  | 63.55  | 8  | 344,470  | 35.57  | –  | 4,360  | 0.45  | –  | 271,069  | 27.99  | 968,540  | SC
South Dakota | 3  | 200,267  | 63.00  | 3  | 116,113  | 36.53  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 84,154  | 26.47  | 317,867  | SD
Tennessee | 11  | 990,212  | 57.84  | 11  | 711,714  | 41.57  | –  | 3,072  | 0.18  | –  | 278,498  | 16.27  | 1,711,993  | TN
Texas | 29  | 3,433,428  | 63.61  | 29  | 1,949,276  | 36.11  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 1,484,152  | 27.50  | 5,397,571  | TX
Utah | 5  | 469,105  | 74.50  | 5  | 155,369  | 24.68  | –  | 2,447  | 0.39  | –  | 313,736  | 49.83  | 629,656  | UT
Vermont | 3  | 135,865  | 57.92  | 3  | 95,730  | 40.81  | –  | 1,002  | 0.43  | –  | 40,135  | 17.11  | 234,561  | VT
Virginia | 12  | 1,337,078  | 62.29  | 12  | 796,250  | 37.09  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 540,828  | 25.19  | 2,146,635  | VA
Washington | 10  | 1,051,670  | 55.82  | 10  | 807,352  | 42.86  | –  | 8,844  | 0.47  | –  | 244,318  | 12.97  | 1,883,910  | WA
West Virginia | 6  | 405,483  | 55.11  | 6  | 328,125  | 44.60  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 77,358  | 10.51  | 735,742  | WV
Wisconsin | 11  | 1,198,800  | 54.19  | 11  | 995,847  | 45.02  | –  | 4,884  | 0.22  | –  | 202,953  | 9.18  | 2,212,016  | WI
Wyoming | 3  | 133,241  | 70.51  | 3  | 53,370  | 28.24  | –  | 2,357  | 1.25  | –  | 79,871  | 42.27  | 188,968  | WY
TOTALS:  | 538  | 54,455,472  | 58.77  | 525  | 37,577,352  | 40.56  | 13  | 228,111  | 0.25  | –  | 16,878,120  | 18.22  | 92,653,233  | US

Maine allowed its electoral votes to be split between candidates. Two electoral votes were awarded to the winner of the statewide race and one electoral vote to the winner of each congressional district. Reagan won all four votes.

#### States that flipped from Democratic to Republican

[edit]

* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Maryland
* Rhode Island
* West Virginia

#### Close states

[edit]

Margin of victory less than 1% (10 electoral votes):

1. Minnesota, 0.18% (3,761 votes)

Margin of victory more than 1%, but less than 5% (17 electoral votes):[106][107]

1. Massachusetts, 2.79% (71,330 votes)
2. Rhode Island, 3.65% (14,974 votes)

Margin of victory more than 5%, but less than 10% (90 electoral votes):[106][107]

1. Maryland, 5.49% (91,983 votes)
2. Pennsylvania, 7.35% (356,192 votes)
3. Iowa, 7.38% (97,468 votes)
4. New York, 8.01% (545,154 votes)
5. Wisconsin, 9.17% (202,953 votes)

Tipping point:

1. Michigan, 18.99% (721,933 votes)

### Counties

[edit]

[104]

Counties with highest percent of vote (Republican)

1. Madison County, Idaho 92.88%
2. Hansford County, Texas 89.38%
3. Ochiltree County, Texas 89.15%
4. Grant County, Nebraska 88.45%
5. Blaine County, Nebraska 88.32%

Counties with highest percent of vote (Democratic)

1. Washington, D.C. 85.38%
2. Macon County, Alabama 82.71%
3. Shannon County, South Dakota 81.41%
4. Jefferson County, Mississippi 77.94%
5. Hancock County, Georgia 76.61%

## Voter demographics

[edit]

The 1984 presidential vote by demographic subgroup

Demographic subgroup  | Mondale  | Reagan  | % of
total vote
Total vote  | 41  | 59  | 100
Ideology
Moderates | 46  | 54  | 42
Liberals | 71  | 29  | 16
Conservatives | 18  | 82  | 33
Party
Democrats | 74  | 26  | 38
Republicans | 7  | 93  | 35
Independents | 36  | 62  | 26
Gender
Men  | 38  | 62  | 47
Women  | 42  | 58  | 53
Race
White | 34  | 66  | 86
Black | 91  | 9  | 10
Hispanic | 66  | 34  | 3
Age
18–24 years old  | 39  | 61  | 11
25–29 years old  | 43  | 57  | 12
30–49 years old  | 42  | 58  | 34
50–64 years old  | 39  | 61  | 23
65 and older  | 36  | 64  | 19
Family income
Under $12,500  | 54  | 46  | 15
$12,500–25,000  | 42  | 58  | 27
$25,000–35,000  | 40  | 60  | 20
$35,000–50,000  | 32  | 68  | 17
Over $50,000  | 31  | 69  | 12
Region
East | 46  | 53  | 26
Midwest | 39  | 61  | 30
South | 37  | 63  | 27
West | 38  | 62  | 17
Union households
Union | 54  | 46  | 26

Source: CBS News and The New York Times exit poll from the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research (9,174 surveyed)[108]

The 1984 presidential vote by important political issues[109]

Important  | Mondale  | Reagan  | % of
checked
Economy
Yes  | 25  | 75  | 40
No  | 53  | 47  | 60
Arms control
Yes  | 65  | 35  | 29
No  | 33  | 67  | 71
Defense
Yes  | 8  | 92  | 25
No  | 53  | 47  | 75
Federal deficit reduction
Yes  | 47  | 53  | 23
No  | 40  | 60  | 77
Fairness towards poor
Yes  | 82  | 18  | 21
No  | 31  | 69  | 79
Abortion
Yes  | 27  | 73  | 7
No  | 43  | 57  | 93
Policy towards Central America
Yes  | 61  | 39  | 4
No  | 41  | 59  | 96

## Notable expressions and phrases

[edit]

* Where's the beef?: A slogan used by Wendy's to suggest that their competitors have smaller portions of meat in their sandwiches, but used in the Democratic primaries by Mondale to criticize Gary Hart's positions as lacking substance.
* Morning in America: Slogan used by the Reagan campaign.

## See also

[edit]

* 1984 United States Senate elections
* 1984 United States House of Representatives elections
* 1984 United States gubernatorial elections
* History of the United States (1980–1991)
* Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan

Portals:

* 1980s
* Politics
* United States

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.
2. ^ Raines, Howell (November 7, 1984). "Reagan Wins By a Landslide, Sweeping at Least 48 States; G.O.P. Gains Strength in House". The New York Times. Retrieved March 21, 2013.
3. ^ Lou Cannon (October 4, 2016). "Ronald Reagan: Campaigns and Elections". Miller Center of Public Affairs. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
4. ^ a b Murse, Tom (January 28, 2019). "The Most Lopsided Presidential Elections in U.S. History: How a Landslide is Measured". ThoughtCo. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
5. ^ a b Ranney 1985, p. 22.
6. ^ a b Ranney 1985, p. 26.
7. ^ Ranney 1985, p. 29-31.
8. ^ Frankovic 1985, p. 39.
9. ^ Ranney 1985, p. 80.
10. ^ Ranney 1985, p. 82-83.
11. ^ Ranney 1985, p. 31.
12. ^ Ranney 1985, p. 129-130.
13. ^ Kalb, Deborah, ed. (2010). Guide to U.S. Elections. Washington, DC: CQ Press. p. 435\. ISBN 978-1-60426-536-1.
14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Campaign '84;NEWLN:Conservative stars come out of the closet for Reagan". August 8, 1984.
15. ^ "1984 PRESIDENTIAL ANNOUNCEMENT SPEECH OF GEORGE McGOVERN". 4president.org. September 13, 1983. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
16. ^ Clymer, Adam (December 1, 1982). "KENNEDY REPORTED DECLINING TO SEEK PRESIDENCY IN 1984". The New York Times.
17. ^ Morganthau, Tom (December 12, 1982). "Why Kennedy Withdrew From 1984 Race". Newsweek.
18. ^ Skipper, John C. (January 13, 2010). The Iowa Caucuses: First Tests of Presidential Aspiration, 1972–2008. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5713-7.
19. ^ Larry J. Sabato's Feeding Frenzy (July 21, 1998). "Jesse Jackson's 'Hymietown' Remark – 1984". Washington Post. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
20. ^ a b Thomas, Evan; Allis, Sam; Beckwith, David (July 2, 1984). "Trying to Win the Peace". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007.
21. ^ Butterfield, Fox (February 22, 1984). "HART, AFTER IOWA, SEES A 2-MAN RACE (Published 1984)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 8, 2021.
22. ^ "A Wild Ride to the End – TIME". May 16, 2008. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
23. ^ Marcus, Ruth (January 16, 2008). "Ruth Marcus – Parsing Tsunami Tuesday". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
24. ^ "Six California House Members Switch: Cranston To Mondale". The Napa Valley Register. March 3, 1984. p. 13. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
25. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Democrats Choose Delegates". The New York Times. January 24, 1984. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
26. ^ Crowder, Ken; Gannaway, Glenn (March 27, 1984). "No winner in Lee, WIse caucuses". Kingsport Times-News. p. 15. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
27. ^ a b c Lynn, Frank (January 15, 1984). "State Drawing Presidential Hopefuls State". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
28. ^ Hyde, John (January 26, 1984). "Harkin, Bedell, Smith win seats at convention". The Des Moines Register. p. 4. Retrieved May 13, 2022. "Harkin and Bedell have endorsed the candidacy of former Vice President Walter Mondale."
29. ^ Moses, Charles T. (April 1, 1984). "Primary Called Test of Black Voting Power". Newsday (Suffolk Edition). p. 15. Retrieved May 13, 2022. "Others closely tied to the Democratic Party structure, including Rep. Charles Rangel (D-Manhattan), national vice chairman for Walter Mondale's campaign and a powerful leader in the black community, have described Jackson's candidacy as one blacks cannot afford to endorse."
30. ^ a b c d Raines, Howell (January 29, 1984). "Southern Primaries Could Spell Trouble For Glenn". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
31. ^ a b c d Raines, Howell (October 20, 1983). "Democrats Pursue Southern Support". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
32. ^ Boyd, Gerald M. (December 11, 1983). "Alabama Blacks' Group Decides To Back Mondale-Jackson Ticket". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
33. ^ a b Raines, Howell (December 12, 1983). "Mondale had good '83 – now the real test begins". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
34. ^ a b c Smith, Hedrick (February 25, 1984). "Experts Say The South Looks Blead For Glenn". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
35. ^ a b HOWELL RAINES (November 4, 1983). "A Provocative Candidate". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
36. ^ a b Gailey, Phil (December 5, 1983). "Political Potholes Ahead For Traveling Democrats". The New York Times. Chicago (Ill). Retrieved August 11, 2014.
37. ^ Raines, Howell (October 19, 1983). "Politics – Hart'S Tactics Askew'S Train And Film Anxieties". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
38. ^ Rainie, Harrison (June 7, 1984). "Urge Hart to pack it in for unity". Daily News. p. 34. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
39. ^ HOWELL RAINES (February 26, 1984). "8 DEMOCRATS GIRD FOR KEY PRIMARY IN NEW HAMPSHIRE". The New York Times. New Hampshire. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
40. ^ Abramson, Rudy; Oates, May Louise (March 8, 1984). "Senator Accuses Reagan of Using Divisive Issues". The Los Angeles Times. p. 1. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
41. ^ a b Plotz, David (August 20, 1999). "Warren Beatty". Slate Magazine. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
42. ^ Smothers, Ronald (November 1, 1983). "Democratic Candidates Welcome Jackson Bid For Nomination". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
43. ^ a b c Smothers, Ronald (November 4, 1983). "Jackson Declares Formal Candidacy". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
44. ^ "Orval Faubus Supporting Jackson". The Charlotte Observer. March 10, 1984. p. 6. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
45. ^ Smothers, Ronald (December 28, 1983). "Jackson Wins Attention But Strength Is Unclear". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
46. ^ a b Ronald Smothers (March 12, 1984). "Alabama Black Leaders Are Urging Pragmatism In Supporting Mondale". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
47. ^ a b Smothers, Ronald (January 15, 1984). "Jackson Attracts Crowds, But Planning Is Erratic". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
48. ^ Canerdy, Beverly (March 12, 1984). "D.C. mayor stumps for Jackson". Clarion-Ledger. p. 12. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
49. ^ a b c Boyd, Gerald M. (February 14, 1984). "Black Churches A Mainspring Of Jackson's Efforts". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
50. ^ Raines, Howell (December 2, 1983). "Jackson Gets Support, Apparently Without Poll Of The Group". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
51. ^ "CAMPAIGN NOTES; Muhammad Ali Switches His Support to Reagan". The New York Times. October 3, 1984. Retrieved November 17, 2023.
52. ^ "Barry Commoner Vows To Back Jesse Jackson". The New York Times. August 30, 1983. Retrieved January 18, 2015.
53. ^ "South Carolina Political Collections – University Libraries | University of South Carolina". sc.edu.
54. ^ Tom Sherwood (December 15, 1983). "Del. Pickett to Head Mondale's Va. Race". The Washington Post.
55. ^ a b "Winchester Star Newspaper Archives February 10, 1984 Page 18". February 10, 1984.
56. ^ "Anna Belle Clement O'Brien passes away at 86". Archived from the original on September 6, 2009.
57. ^ "Glenn camp can't afford loss in South". The Morning Call. March 11, 1984. p. 7. Retrieved May 13, 2022. "Glenn was endorsed Friday by Sen. Sam Nunn, D-Ga., who said he cast his absentee ballot for the Ohio senator."
58. ^ Robinson, Walter V. (January 21, 1984). "Glenn says a Mondale comment 'goes too far'". The Boston Globe. p. 6. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
59. ^ "Glenn seeking to turn a hero's image into votes". The New York Times. June 15, 1983. Retrieved January 18, 2015.
60. ^ "Ferraro collects pledges of support from state's major political groups". The Montgomery Advertiser. August 26, 1984. p. 2. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
61. ^ "Durrette criticizes Robb for endorsing Mondale". Kingsport Times-News. September 25, 1984. p. 11. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
62. ^ "Askew Ends Presidential Campaign". The Miami Herald. March 2, 1984. p. 17. Retrieved May 13, 2022. "One who apparently dissuaded him was Gov. Bob Graham, who steadfastly supported Askew for president."
63. ^ "ASKEW TELLS MOBILE HE 'FEELS GOOD' ABOUT RACE". The New York Times. February 7, 1984. Retrieved January 18, 2015.
64. ^ Howell Raines (July 20, 1984). "Party Nominates Rep. Ferraro; Mondale, in Acceptance, Vows Fair Policies and Deficit Cut". The New York Times. p. A1.
65. ^ a b c d Church, George L.; Magnuson, Ed (July 23, 1984). "Geraldine Ferraro: A Break with Tradition". Time. Archived from the original on January 5, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
66. ^ Blumenthal, Ralph (September 8, 2008). "When the Press Vetted Geraldine Ferraro". The New York Times. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
67. ^ Buckley, Cara (March 28, 2011). "Of Ferraro's Roles in Many Arenas, a Favorite: Gerry From Queens". The New York Times. pp. A18. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
68. ^ The New York Times, June 11, 1983
69. ^ The New York Times, November 9, 1983
70. ^ The New York Times, April 20, 1984
71. ^ The New York Times, April 27, 1984
72. ^ The New York Times, May 4, 1984
73. ^ The New York Times, August 28, 1984
74. ^ "Former Congressman John Anderson Runs for President Again in 1984". Archives.nbclearn.com. Retrieved January 18, 2015.
75. ^ a b "Anderson Won't Join Race for Presidency". The Burlington Free Press. April 27, 1984. p. 7A. Archived from the original on February 17, 2024 - via Newspapers.com.
76. ^ "Anderson in New YorkTo Support Mondale". The New York Times. October 31, 1984. Archived from the original on February 17, 2024.
77. ^ Broder, David (August 27, 1984). "Anderson To Endorse Mondale". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 17, 2024.
78. ^ "Candidate withdraws from Race". news.google.com. August 27, 1983. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013 - via The Palm Beach Post.
79. ^ Ranney 1985, p. 119; 133-134.
80. ^ Ranney 1985, p. 134-135.
81. ^ Ranney 1985, p. 161.
82. ^ Pierard 1985, p. 101-103.
83. ^ a b Martin, Douglas (March 27, 2011). "Geraldine A. Ferraro, First Woman on Major Party Ticket, Dies at 75". The New York Times. pp. A1. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
84. ^ Ranney 1985, p. 134.
85. ^ Chao, Eveline (July 8, 2015). "35 Musicians Who Told Politicians to Stop Using Their Songs". Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 8, 2021.
86. ^ a b Baker, Peter and Susan Glasser, The Man Who Ran Washington: The Life and Times of James A. Baker III (Doubleday, NY: 2020), pp. 238-243.
87. ^ "1984 Presidential Candidate Debate: President Reagan and Walter Mondale – 10/7/84". Debates. October 7, 1984. Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
88. ^ Reagan, Ronald; Mondale, Walter (April 27, 2009). 1984 Presidential Candidate Debate: President Reagan and Walter Mondale – 10/21/84. The Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. Event occurs at 32:55. Archived from the original on October 29, 2021.
89. ^ Mondale, Walter. "1984: There You Go Again... Again / Debating Our Destiny Transcript". PBS Newshour (Interview). Interviewed by Lehrer, Jim. Archived from the original on December 12, 2000. Retrieved February 29, 2012.
90. ^ a b c d "CPD: 1984 Debates". www.debates.org. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
91. ^ a b Ranney 1985, p. 1.
92. ^ a b Prendergast, William B. (1999). The Catholic vote in American politics. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. pp. 186, 191–193. ISBN 0-87840-724-3.
93. ^ "Minnesota heads Reagan's wish list". The Tuscaloosa News. Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Associated Press. December 4, 1984. p. 27. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
94. ^ a b "Historical U.S. Presidential Elections 1789–2016". Retrieved October 12, 2018.
95. ^ Ranney 1985, p. 321.
96. ^ Ranney 1985, p. 204.
97. ^ Ranney 1985, p. 210.
98. ^ Ranney 1985, p. 60.
99. ^ Rosenstone 1985, p. 31.
100. ^ Ranney 1985, p. 211.
101. ^ Ranney 1985, p. 231; 234.
102. ^ Leip, David. "1984 Presidential Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved August 7, 2005.
103. ^ "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved August 7, 2005.
104. ^ a b "1984 Presidential General Election Data – National". Retrieved March 17, 2013.
105. ^ Barone, Michael; Ujifusa, Grant (September 1, 1989). The Almanac of American Politics. Collier Books. ISBN 978-0-89234-044-6.
106. ^ a b "POPULAR VOTE AND ELECTORAL COLLEGE VOTE BY STATE" (TXT). Psephos.adam-carr.net. Retrieved January 18, 2015.
107. ^ a b "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections – County Data". Uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved January 16, 2011.
108. ^ "How Groups Voted in 1984". ropercenter.cornell.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
109. ^ Granberg 1987, p. 61.

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Wisconsin's primary ballot offered voters the options "Ronald Reagan Yes," "Ronald Reagan No," and "Others"

## Works cited

[edit]

* Ranney, Austin, ed. (1985). The American Elections of 1984. Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-0230-6.
* Frankovic, Kathleen (1985). "The 1984 Election: The Irrelevance of the Campaign". PS. 18 (1). American Political Science Association: 39–47. doi:10.2307/418804. JSTOR 418804.
* Pierard, Richard (1985). "Religion and the 1984 Election Campaign". Review of Religious Research. 27 (2). Religious Research Association: 98–114. doi:10.2307/3511665. JSTOR 3511665.
* Rosenstone, Steven (1985). "Explaining the 1984 Presidential Election". The Brookings Review. 3 (2). Brookings Institution: 25–32. JSTOR 20079866.
* Granberg, Donald (1987). "The Abortion Issue in the 1984 Elections". Family Planning Perspectives. 19 (2). Guttmacher Institute: 59–62. doi:10.2307/2135050. JSTOR 2135050. PMID 3595819.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Boyd, Richard W., Paul R. Mencher, Philip J. Paseltiner, Ezra Paul, Alexander S. Vanda, "The 1984 Election as Anthony Downs and Stanley Kelley Might Interpret It", Political Behavior, Vol. 10, No. 3 (Autumn, 1988), pp. 197–213.
* Goldman, Peter, et al. The quest for the presidency 1984 (1985) online
* Johnstone, Andrew, and Andrew Priest, eds. US Presidential Elections and Foreign Policy: Candidates, Campaigns, and Global Politics from FDR to Bill Clinton (2017) pp 271–292. online
* Ladd, Everett Carll (1985). "On Mandates, Realignments, and the 1984 Presidential Election". Political Science Quarterly. 100 (1): 1–24. doi:10.2307/2150858. JSTOR 2150858.
* Leuchtenburg, William E. (1986). The 1984 Election in Historical Perspective. Waco: Baylor University Press. ISBN 0-918954-45-2.
* Morris, Lorenzo (1990). The Social and Political Implications of the 1984 Jesse Jackson Presidential Campaign. New York: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-92785-7.
* Moore, Jonathan, ed. (1986). Campaign for President: The Managers Look at '84. Dover: Auburn House. ISBN 0-86569-132-0.
* Sandoz, E.; Crabb, C. V. Jr., eds. (1985). Election 84: Landslide Without a Mandate?. New York: New American Library. ISBN 0-451-62424-6.
* Stempel, Guido H. III; John W. Windhauser (1991). The Media in the 1984 and 1988 Presidential Campaigns. New York: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-26527-5.

## External links

[edit]

* The Election Wall's 1984 election video page
* 1984 popular vote by counties
* 1984 popular vote by states
* 1984 popular vote by states (with bar graphs)
* Campaign commercials from the 1984 election
* Democratic primaries at the Wayback Machine (archived October 26, 2009)
* Election of 1984 in Counting the Votes Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine

* v
* t
* e

State and district results of the 1984 United States presidential election

* Alabama
* Alaska
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* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
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* Florida
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* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
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* v
* t
* e

(<- 1980) 1984 United States presidential election (1988 ->)

Republican Party|

* Convention
* Primaries
* results

Candidates|

* Incumbent nominee: Ronald Reagan
* campaign
* positions
* Incumbent VP nominee: George H. W. Bush

* Other candidates: Ben Fernandez
* Harold Stassen

Democratic Party|

* Convention
* Primaries
* results

Candidates|

* Nominee: Walter Mondale
* campaign
* VP nominee: Geraldine Ferraro

* Other candidates: Reubin Askew
* Alan Cranston
* John Glenn
* Gary Hart
* Fritz Hollings
* Jesse Jackson
* campaign
* George McGovern

Third-party and independent candidates

Citizens Party|

Nominee
Sonia Johnson
VP nominee
Richard Walton

Communist Party|

Nominee
Gus Hall
VP nominee
Angela Davis

Libertarian Party|

Nominee
David Bergland
VP nominee
Jim Lewis

Other candidates
Gene Burns
Earl Ravenal
Mary Ruwart

Prohibition Party|

Nominee
Earl Dodge

Socialist Equality Party|

Nominee
Edward Winn
VP nominee
Helen Halyard

Socialist Party|

Nominee
Sonia Johnson
VP nominee
Richard Walton

Socialist Workers Party|

Nominee
Melvin T. Mason
VP nominee
Matilde Zimmermann

Workers World Party|

Nominee
Larry Holmes
Alternate nominee
Gavrielle Holmes
VP nominee
Gloria La Riva

Independents and other candidates|

* Charles Doty
* Larry Flynt
* Larry "Bozo" Harmon
* Lyndon LaRouche
* running mate: Billy Davis

Other 1984 elections
House
Senate
Gubernatorial

* v
* t
* e

(1983 ←)  1984 United States elections (→ 1985)

President|

* 1984 United States presidential election
* Democratic primaries
* Republican primaries
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U.S.
Senate|

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U.S.
House|

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State
governors|

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* Lt. Gov
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State
legislature|

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Mayors|

* Anchorage AK
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* v
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United States presidential elections

Elections by year|

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Elections by state|

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Primaries and caucuses|

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Nominating conventions|

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Electoral College
and popular vote|

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Related|

* Campaign slogans
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* Guam straw poll
* Vice presidential confirmations:
* 1973
* 1974

* House elections
* Senate elections
* Gubernatorial elections

* v
* t
* e

Ronald Reagan

* 40th President of the United States (1981–1989)
* 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975)

Life and
politics|

* Birthplace
* Pitney Store
* Boyhood home
* General Electric Showcase House
* 668 St. Cloud Road
* Rancho del Cielo
* Filmography
* Political positions
* Governorship of California
* 1969 People's Park protest
* Tyler Prize
* Rockefeller Commission
* Citizens for the Republic
* Presidential Library and Museum
* Reagan era
* Reagan coalition
* 1989 trip to Japan
* Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute
* Death and state funeral

Presidency
(timeline)|

* Transition
* First inauguration and Release of hostages
* Second inauguration
* Assassination attempt
* Cabinet
* Judicial appointments
* Supreme Court
* controversies
* Administration scandals
* AIDS
* Bush transition
* Impeachment efforts
* Opinion polling
* Executive orders
* Presidential proclamations

| Foreign policy|

* Reagan Doctrine
* Cold War
* 1st term
* 2nd term
* Soviet Union summits
* Geneva
* Reykjavík
* Washington
* INF Treaty
* Moscow
* Governors Island
* Constructive engagement
* Invasion of Grenada
* Iran–Contra affair
* Libya bombing
* Strategic Defense Initiative
* International trips
* "We begin bombing in five minutes"
* Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act of 1983
* Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act
* Goldwater–Nichols Act
* Montreal Protocol
* Executive Order 12333
* Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
* Form I-9
* H-2A visa
* H-2B visa
* American Homecoming Act
* Trade and Tariff Act of 1984
* Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement
* Israel–United States Free Trade Agreement
* Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act
* Exon–Florio Amendment

|

Domestic policy|

* Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986
* Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988
* Office of National Drug Control Policy
* Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act
* Cannabis policy
* Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987
* Coastal Barrier Resources Act
* Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984
* Armed Career Criminal Act
* Sentencing Reform Act
* United States Sentencing Commission
* Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983
* Emergency Food Assistance and Soup Kitchen-Food Bank Program
* Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
* Toxics Release Inventory
* Emergency Wetlands Resources Act
* Federal Employees Liability Reform and Tort Compensation Act of 1988
* Grace Commission
* Hunger Prevention Act of 1988
* Martin Luther King Jr. Day
* Medical Waste Tracking Act
* Minerals Management Service
* National Appliance Energy Conservation Act
* National Fishing Enhancement Act of 1984
* Nuclear Waste Policy Act
* Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986
* Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
* Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983
* Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Program
* Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act
* Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act
* 1982 VRA Amendments
* Water Quality Act of 1987
* Water Resources Development Act of 1986
* Water Resources Development Act of 1988

Economic policy|

* Agriculture and Food Act of 1981
* Agricultural Credit Act of 1987
* Agriculture Mediation Program
* Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation
* Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984
* Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985
* Deficit Reduction Act of 1984
* Expedited Funds Availability Act
* Extra-Long Staple Cotton Act of 1983
* Food Security Act of 1985
* Conservation Reserve Program
* Dairy Export Incentive Program
* Garn–St. Germain Depository Institutions Act
* Interest and Dividend Tax Compliance Act of 1983
* Internal Revenue Code of 1986
* Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981
* Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services Waivers
* Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987
* Railroad Retirement Solvency Act of 1983
* Reagan tax cuts
* Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981
* Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982
* Katie Beckett Medicaid waiver
* Tax Reform Act of 1986
* Low-Income Housing Tax Credit
* MACRS
* Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act
* Surface Transportation Assistance Act
* Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act
* Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988
* Video Privacy Protection Act

Speeches|

* Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine (1961)
* "A Time for Choosing" (1964)
* States' rights speech (1980)
* Inaugural address
* 1981
* 1985
* "Ash heap of history" (1982)
* "Evil empire" (1983)
* "Tear down this wall!" (1987)
* Joint session of Congress (1981)
* State of the Union Address
* 1982
* 1983
* 1984
* 1985
* 1986
* 1987
* 1988

Books|

* An American Life
* The Reagan Diaries

Elections|

| Gubernatorial|

* 1966
* 1970

|

Presidential|

* 1976 campaign
* primaries
* convention
* 1980 campaign
* "Let's make America great again"
* "There you go again"
* primaries
* running mate selection
* convention
* debates
* election
* 1984 campaign
* "Morning in America"
* "Bear in the woods"
* primaries
* convention
* debates
* election

Cultural
depictions|

* Bibliography
* In music
* Let Them Eat Jellybeans! (1981)
* U.S. Postage stamps
* Rap Master Ronnie
* Ed the Happy Clown (1983 comic series)
* Spitting Image (TV series) (1984)
* A Mind Forever Voyaging (1985 game)
* The Dark Knight Returns (1986)
* film adaptation
* Pizza Man (1991 film)
* The Day Reagan Was Shot (2001 film)
* Reagan's War (2002 book)
* The Reagans (2003 film)
* Reagan (2011 documentary)
* The Butler (2013 film)
* Killing Reagan (2015 book)
* Killing Reagan (2016 film)
* Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War (2020 game)
* The Reagans (2020 miniseries)
* Reagan (2024 film)
* "What would Reagan do?"

Legacy|

* Namesakes and memorials
* U.S. Capitol statue
* USS Ronald Reagan (CVN-76)
* Ronald Reagan Building
* Ronald Reagan Day
* Reagan Day Dinner
* Ronald Reagan Trail
* Accolades

Family|

* Jane Wyman (first wife)
* Nancy Reagan (second wife)
* Maureen Reagan (daughter)
* Michael Reagan (adopted son)
* Patti Davis (daughter)
* Ron Reagan (son)
* Jack Reagan (father)
* Nelle Wilson Reagan (mother)
* Neil Reagan (brother)
* Rex (dog)

* <- Jimmy Carter
* George H. W. Bush ->

* Category

* v
* t
* e

George H. W. Bush

* 41st President of the United States (1989–1993)
* 43rd Vice President of the United States (1981–1989)
* Director of Central Intelligence (1976–1977)
* U.S. ambassador to the United Nations (1971–1973)
* U.S. Representative for TX–7 (1967–1971)

Life|

* Presidency
* Presidential Library
* Bush School of Government and Public Service
* Walker's Point Estate
* Post-presidency
* Death and state funeral

Elections|

| U.S. Senate|

* 1964
* 1970

|

U.S. House|

* 1966
* 1968

Vice Presidential|

* 1980 campaign
* selection
* convention
* election
* transition
* 1984 campaign
* convention
* election

Presidential|

* 1980 campaign
* primaries
* 1988 campaign
* primaries
* running mate selection
* convention
* "a thousand points of light"
* "Read my lips: no new taxes"
* debates
* election
* 1992 campaign
* primaries
* convention
* debates
* election

Public image|

* Saturday Night Live parodies
* The X-Presidents
* Presidential Reunion (2010 short film)
* Supermarket scanner moment
* The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear (1991)
* What It Takes: The Way to the White House (1993)
* The Silence of the Hams (1994)
* "Two Bad Neighbors" (1996)
* George Bush: The Life of a Lone Star Yankee (1997)
* The Family: The Real Story of the Bush Dynasty (2004)
* George H.W. Bush (2008)
* Bad for Democracy (2008)
* Family of Secrets (2009)
* 41: A Portrait of My Father (2014 book)
* Destiny and Power (2015 book)

Books|

* A World Transformed (1998)
* All the Best (1999)

Legacy|

* Bibliography
* Presidential Library
* George H. W. Bush Monument
* Medal of Freedom
* Bush School of Government
* Reagan Award
* George Bush Intercontinental Airport
* George Bush Center for Intelligence
* USS George H.W. Bush (CVN-77)

Family|

* Barbara Bush (wife)
* George W. Bush (son
* presidency)
* Pauline Robinson Bush (daughter)
* Jeb Bush (son)
* Neil Bush (son)
* Marvin Bush (son)
* Dorothy Bush Koch (daughter)
* Barbara Bush Coyne (granddaughter)
* Jenna Bush Hager (granddaughter)
* George P. Bush (grandson)
* Lauren Bush (granddaughter)
* Pierce Bush (grandson)
* Prescott Bush (father)
* Dorothy Walker Bush (mother)
* Nancy Walker Bush Ellis (sister)
* Jonathan Bush (brother)
* William H. T. Bush (brother)
* Samuel P. Bush (grandfather)
* George Herbert Walker (grandfather)
* James Smith Bush (great-grandfather)
* Obadiah Bush (great-great-grandfather)
* Millie (family dog)
* Sully (service dog)

* ← Ronald Reagan
* Bill Clinton →

* ← Walter Mondale
* Dan Quayle →

* Category

Authority control databases: National |

* Israel
* United States

|

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[LN]: Lost Nomination
*[AK]: Alaska
*[LA]: Louisiana
*[FL]: Florida
*[CA]: California
*[PR]: Puerto Rico