2025 Myanmar earthquake

Earthquake in Southeast Asia

2025 Myanmar earthquake

* From top, left to right: Collapsed buildings in Mandalay • A dashcam still of the State Audit Office building in Bangkok collapsing • A damaged building in Mandalay • Indian Air Force C-130 delivering aid, including blankets, food, and medical teams, under Operation Brahma

USGS ShakeMap

UTC time| 2025-03-28 06:20:52
ISC event| 643071319
USGS-ANSS| ComCat
Local date| 28 March 2025 (2025-3-28)
Local time| 12:50:52 MMT (UTC+6:30)
Duration| 85 seconds
Magnitude| Mw 7.7
Depth| 10 km (6 mi)
Epicenter| 21°59′46″N 95°55′34″E﻿ / ﻿21.996°N 95.926°E﻿ / 21.996; 95.926
Fault| Sagaing Fault
Type| Strike-slip, supershear
Areas affected| Myanmar, Thailand, Southwestern China, Vietnam
Max. intensity| MMI IX (Violent)
Aftershocks| 288+ recorded
Strongest: Mww 6.7[1]
Casualties| 4,430\+ fatalities, 6,010\+ injuries, 780\+ missing

On 28 March 2025 at 12:50:52 MMT (06:20:52 UTC), a Mw 7.7 earthquake struck the Sagaing Region of Myanmar, with an epicenter close to Mandalay, the country's second-largest city. The strike-slip shock achieved a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent).[2] It was the most powerful earthquake to strike Myanmar since 1912,[3] and the second deadliest in Myanmar's modern history, surpassed only by upper estimates of the 1930 Bago earthquake.[4] The earthquake caused extensive damage in Myanmar and significant damage in neighboring Thailand. Hundreds of homes were also damaged in Yunnan, China, while more than 300 apartments were affected in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

The earthquake has resulted in as many as 4,390 deaths in Myanmar and 36 in Thailand.[5][6] Up to 6,010 people were injured. Hundreds more were reported missing, including at a collapsed construction site in Bangkok, whose shallow geology makes it more vulnerable to seismic waves from far away and increases the city's susceptibility to earthquake-related impacts.[7][8] Authorities in both Myanmar and Thailand declared a state of emergency.[9][10] As the earthquake struck during Friday prayer hours, collapsing mosques resulted in the deaths of hundreds of Muslims.[11] In addition, more than 670 Buddhist monasteries and 290 pagodas were damaged by the quake.[12] The ongoing civil war in Myanmar has exacerbated the difficulty of disaster relief and info exposure.[13][14] It is the deadliest earthquake globally since the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes.[15]

## Tectonic setting

[edit]

Further information: Sagaing Fault and Geology of Myanmar

The Sagaing Fault can be divided into segments

Myanmar is wedged between four tectonic plates (the Indian, Eurasian, Sunda, and Burma plates) that interact in active geological processes. Along the west coast of the Coco Islands, off the Rakhine coast, and into Bangladesh, is a highly oblique convergent boundary known as the Sunda megathrust. This large fault marks the boundary between the Indian and Burma plates. The megathrust emerges from the seafloor in Bangladesh, where it runs parallel and east of the Chin Hills. This boundary continues to the north of Myanmar where it ends at the eastern Himalayas.[16]

A 1,400-kilometre (870 mi) transform fault runs through Myanmar and connects the Andaman spreading center to a collision zone in the north. Called the Sagaing Fault, it is a boundary between the Burma and Sunda plates as they slide past each other at 18–49 mm (0.71–1.93 in) per year. It is Myanmar's largest and most active source of earthquakes, running through or close to major cities including Yangon, Naypyidaw, and Mandalay. Large and damaging earthquakes occurred along the fault in May and December 1930 (Ms 7.3 & 7.5) 1931 (Ms 7.5), 1946 (Mw 7.3 & 7.7), 1956 (Ms 7.0), 1991 (Mw 6.9) and 2012 (Mw 6.9).[17] The magnitudes of earthquakes on the Sagaing Fault vary across the fault zone from Mw 7.0 to 8.0. The recurrence interval also varies depending on the location along the fault; its southern segments, which ruptured in 1930, have return periods of 100–150 years based on paleoseismological studies.[16]

Destructive earthquakes have affected the area for centuries, but academic research has been limited. Most earthquakes in Myanmar, including large surface rupturing events, are thus not well understood. A large Mw 8.5–8.8 earthquake in 1762 ruptured a section of the Sunda megathrust off the Rakhine coast. That earthquake may have been caused by the Indian plate subducting beneath the Burma plate along the megathrust. Remnants of the subducted Indian plate beneath central Myanmar also cause intraslab earthquakes; one example is the 1975 Bagan earthquake (Mw 7.0) which occurred at a depth of 120 km (75 mi).[16]

According to a study published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, the Sagaing Fault can be divided into two regions; the northern and southern sections. The Sagaing Fault between 16.5 and 23.5 degrees north latitude is defined as the southern section. It is further divided into five segments from south to north; the Bago, Pyu, Naypyidaw, Meiktila, and Sagaing segments. The Naypyidaw segment is characterised by two parallel faults running for 70 km (43 mi) with parts of them located beneath the capital city, Naypyidaw. The last recorded earthquake was in 1929 with a magnitude smaller than 7.0. The 220 km (140 mi) long Meiktila segment extends between Mandalay and Naypyidaw and is characterised as a linear feature. The nearly flat topography across this segment suggest the slip component is entirely horizontal. This segment has not experienced any major earthquakes, although it possibly ruptured during the 1839 Ava earthquake. The Sagaing segment is also another linear segment that runs parallel to the Irrawaddy River. The northern part of this segment ruptured during one of the mainshocks in the 1946 Sagaing earthquakes, while the 1956 Sagaing earthquake ruptured the southern strand.[18]

This earthquake also affected Thailand, with damage primarily concentrated in the Bangkok region, about 1,000 km (620 mi) away from the epicenter. Bangkok's geology, characterised by a top layer of soft marine clay, renders its emerging high-rises vulnerable to distant, powerful earthquakes, as the ubiquitous clay layer contributes to local site effects amplifying long-period ground motion which in turn can match the resonant frequency of tall buildings.[8][19][20] Occupants in Bangkok have often felt effects from earthquakes centered many hundreds or even thousands of kilometres away. Research headed by Pennung Warnitchai of the Asian Institute of Technology had previously identified the Sagaing Fault as a potential risk, if a magnitude-8.0 earthquake were to occur in the Andaman Sea, 400 km (250 mi) from the city, resulting in future disaster.[21][22] For preventing catastrophic effects in skyscrapers, elementary seismic considerations were only added to the building code in 2007, with older structures being particularly dangerous.[19]

## Earthquake

[edit]

Further information: List of aftershocks of the 2025 Myanmar earthquake

Mw 7.7 finite fault

Distribution of slip across the rupture

Surface projection of finite fault model

The earthquake occurred at 12:50:52 MMT, with its epicenter located in Sagaing Township near the Sagaing–Mandalay border region, 14 km (8.7 mi) north-northwest of Sagaing city and 16 km (9.9 mi) west of Mandalay, Myanmar's second largest city. It measured 7.7 on the moment magnitude scale according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS),[2] while the Thai Meteorological Department put the magnitude at 8.2.[23] Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris placed the earthquake's moment magnitude at 7.9.[24]

It is the largest earthquake with an epicenter in Myanmar since the 1912 Maymyo earthquake (which had an Mw of 7.9).[25] The focal mechanism solution indicated it occurred due to strike-slip faulting at a depth of 10 km (6.2 mi). The type of faulting is consistent with rupture on the Sagaing Fault. According to a finite fault model released by the USGS, the earthquake rupture extended more than 460 km (290 mi) by 20 km (12 mi) from Singu in Mandalay to Pyu in Bago. From the epicenter the rupture propagated more than 75 km (47 mi) to the north and terminated just south of Singu. About 420 km (260 mi) of the rupture occurred to the south where it terminated at Pyu. Most of the slip which exceeded 1 m (3 ft 3 in) was concentrated between Singu and Oktwin while less than 1 m (3 ft 3 in) of slip occurred beneath Pyu and further south. A gap with an apparent lack of slip exists between Naypyidaw and Pyu which the USGS attributes to a lack of observations. A maximum slip of 4.3334 m (14.217 ft) was recorded southeast of the hypocenter, between Sagaing and Amarapura. The entire rupture process took just over 80 seconds with the greatest phase of seismic moment release occurring about 30 seconds after initiation. The rupture is thought to have propagated at speeds in excess of the shear wave velocity, making this an example of a supershear earthquake.[2]

Satellite data also confirmed the inferred observations of an exceptionally long surface rupture extending from Kyaukmyaung, Sagaing to Penwegon, Bago. The length of the surface rupture from satellite data was 500 km (310 mi). Throughout most of the rupture, slip at the surface exceeded 3 m (9.8 ft) while around the epicenter area, reached 4–5 m (13–16 ft).[26] A study of satellite data at the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan revealed that up to 6 m (20 ft) of horizontal displacement occurred along the fault.[27]

The earthquake was followed by more than 288 aftershocks by 07:00 ICT on 3 April, according to the Thai Meteorological Department. These aftershocks were recorded in Myanmar and nearby regions including 10 events between magnitude 5.0 and 5.9. There were also seven aftershocks recorded in Mae Hong Son with magnitudes of 1.4 to 3.5.[28] The largest aftershock measured Mww 6.7 and occurred 12 minutes after the mainshock with a hypocenter beneath Mandalay International Airport. This aftershock also had a focal mechanism corresponding to strike-slip faulting.[1]

A 2011 study by Nobuo Hurukawa and Phyo Maung Maung in Geophysical Research Letters identified two seismic gaps along the Sagaing Fault. One of these gaps is located in central Myanmar between 19.2 degrees north and 21.5 degrees north, corresponding to the Meiktila segment. The pair concluded that this 260 km (160 mi) gap could produce a magnitude 7.9 earthquake if it completely ruptures.[29] The Meiktila and Sagaing segment (to the north) may have been the source of the 1839 Ava earthquake. It is believed to have ruptured 285–325 km (177–202 mi) of the fault on both segments. A study of the seismic intensity distribution suggest the estimated magnitude of the 1839 event was 7.9.[30] Seismologists Judith Hubbard and Kyle Bradley said this seismic gap is located between the 1929 (Naypyidaw semgent) and 1956 (southern Sagaing segment) ruptures. The pair said this earthquake may have partially ruptured the seismic gap based on their analysis of the preliminary finite fault model by the USGS. The rupture extent corresponded with the Meiktila and Sagaing segments and overlapped with the rupture extent of the 1839 earthquake. The fault extent involved in the Mw 7.1 earthquake in 1956 also seemed to have moved during the 28 March 2025 event. They estimated that the 28 March 2025 rupture terminates in the north just south of the 2012 Shwebo earthquake rupture (which occurred on the central Sagaing segment).[31]

Several earthquakes of lower magnitudes hit the country through March leading up to this earthquake. In the first week of March alone, eight earthquakes hit Yangon, Ayeyarwaddy Region, and Shan State, causing public concern.[32]

### Intensity

[edit]

According to a USGS simulation, the maximum Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) of the mainshock was estimated to have reached MMI IX (Violent) in areas of Mandalay, Sagaing, Bago, and Naypyidaw close to the rupture area; an estimated 2.6 million people were exposed to MMI IX shaking overall. The MMI also reached VII (Very Strong) in Magway, Kayin and Shan, and VI (Strong) in the administrative divisions of Yangon, Kachin Mon, Kayah and Ayeyarwady. MMI V (Moderate) was recorded in Bangkok and Chiang Mai in Thailand, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture in China, and Imphal in India. Overall, 27.16 million people, about half of Myanmar's population, were estimated to have been exposed to shaking levels exceeding MMI VI in 12 of the 15 administrative divisions.[a][2] In Thailand, shaking was felt in 63 of the country's 77 provinces.[33]

Map showing estimated degree of damage (black to yellow) in settlements marked as dots.

## Impact

[edit]

See also: List of populated places affected by the 2025 Myanmar earthquake

Casualties by country  Country  | Deaths  | Injuries  | Missing

|
|
|

Myanmar | c.4,390  | c.5,970  | c.700+
Thailand | 36  | 34  | 58
China | 0  | 2  | 0
Total  | c.4,430+ | c.6,010+ | c.750+

### In Myanmar

[edit]

Damage to the Great Wall Hotel, Mandalay

The number of casualties in Myanmar varies across different sources. Mizzima News reported a death toll of more than 4,390 while 3,500 were injured.[34] According to data compiled by the Democratic Voice of Burma, more than 3,900 people died, 710 were missing and 5,970 more were injured.[5] The state-run Myanmar Radio and Television said more than 3,300 died, 220 were missing and 4,790 others were injured.[35] Deaths occurred in the administrative areas of Mandalay, Naypyidaw, Sagaing, Shan, Bago and Kayin.[5] The National Unity Government estimated that more than eight million Burmese were affected and were in urgent need of assistance.[36]

Phone and internet infrastructure was disrupted nationwide.[37] Casualty estimates in rural areas remained scarce.[38] At least 21,783 homes were damaged across the country, of which 15,114 collapsed,[39] along with 1,000 government buildings, with 50 health centers also damaged.[40] The All Myanmar Islamic Religious Organization estimated at least 250 people died as over 50 mosques collapsed during Friday prayer time.[41] As recent as 2 April, there were reports of unstable buildings collapsing and causing casualties including two hotels in Mandalay.[42] The Spring Revolution Myanmar Muslim Network estimated that 700 Muslim worshippers were killed in Mandalay and Sagaing across at least 60 damaged mosques.[11] The junta put the number of Muslims killed at 500.[43] The junta also said 670 Buddhist monasteries and 290 pagodas had been damaged.[44] The World Health Organization estimated that four hospitals and one health center had been destroyed while 32 hospitals and 18 health centers had been damaged.[45]

In Mandalay Region, more than 2,500 died[5] and 1,670 were injured.[46] At least 900 people were killed in Mandalay city,[5] where half of all buildings were thought to have been severely damaged or destroyed.[47] At Mandalay International Airport, ceilings collapsed and some damage occurred in the basement.[48] Buildings at the campus of Mandalay University collapsed or caught fire with many trapped inside.[49] The Dokhtawaddy Bridge crossing the Myitnge River on the Yangon–Mandalay Expressway near Inwa also collapsed with supporting pylons falling down. Reportedly some vehicles were on the bridge at the time of the earthquake and fell into the river, though no casualties have been confirmed yet.[50]

All 40 mosques in Mandalay were damaged, 10 of which collapsed, resulting in more than 400 deaths.[51] Some mosques affected were over a century old and had not been allowed to be repaired since 1962.[41][52] Several monks were killed and injured when a monastery collapsed in the city.[53][54] Over 600 monks were trapped beneath the collapsed U Hla Thein Temple while they were taking examinations, 80 of whom died.[55] Amarapura also recorded 200 deaths,[5] including 150 from a collapsing mosque.[51] The 12-storey Sky Villa condominium building in Aungmyethazan Township progressively collapsed, killing nine people and trapping 90 more.[56][57] Roads in Mandalay were left "in complete darkness" at night, with residents unable to access utilities such as power and running water. Some people reportedly found shelter from the almost 40 °C heat in the shade of trees in lieu of staying indoors for fear of aftershocks.[58] At the collapsed Masoyein Monastery, at least 30 monks died and 50 were injured.[59] At the Mandalay Central Prison, 12 civillians and military personnel were killed in building collapses.[60]

In Maha Aungmye Township, a two-story tea shop collapsed, trapping around 70 people. Additionally, a three-story car accessories store also collapsed in Pyigyidagun Township, trapping more than 10 employees,[61] and in the same township, a building under construction was razed, killing eight and trapping many others.[62] A massive blaze in Sein Pan neighborhood of Maha Aungmye Township nearly reduced the entire place to the ground.[63] Later assessments revealed more than 800 homes were burnt and 3,000 residents were affected.[64] More than 400 people were killed and 1,000 more were injured in Pyawbwe Township, where most buildings were destroyed.[65][66] In the township, a five-story Kanbawza Bank building collapsed, killing all 40 people inside.[67] The Maha Aungmye Bonzan Monastery was also destroyed.[68] Mandalay Palace and the Mahamuni Pagoda also suffered significant structural damage.[69] A dam was also reported to have collapsed in Mandalay, causing flooding, while sections of the Mandalay-Yangon highway were damaged.[70] In Yamethin, more than 200 deaths and many missing persons were reported.[71][72] More than a dozen children were killed when a 100-year-old school collapsed in the township.[73]

In Meiktila, houses and religious buildings suffered structural collapse.[74] At least 44 deaths and 166 injuries were recorded in the city.[5][75] Search and rescue teams reported 100 fatalities in the village of Bone Oe.[38] In Wundwin Township, 51 deaths were reported[71] and at least 30 died in Singu Township when a mine collapsed.[76] Homes and pagodas were also razed in Madaya Township.[74] At least 129 people died in Kyaukse Township,[5] including 40 students and nine teachers who died in Kyaukse town after a school collapsed.[77][78]

In Sagaing Region, nearly 700 fatalities were reported.[5] In Sagaing city alone, more than 680 died[5] and 90 percent of structures were destroyed.[79] An estimated 40 or 50 Muslim worshippers in the city died across three collapsed mosques.[80] Much of the Ava Bridge[81] and the city's fire station also collapsed, hampering relief efforts and trapping many.[82] Out of the five mosques in Sagaing, four collapsed due to the earthquake.[52] The Min Street Mosque is feared to have collapsed with over 100 people inside. Several monastic schools and a nunnery in the city were also damaged, likely killing people in the hundreds and trapping over 900 monks across four schools.[83] The United Nations Development Programme estimated that 80% of buildings in the city had been damaged, with 50% in a severe condition.[84] Historic temples in resistance-held Chaung-U Township, southwest Sagaing Region were damaged by the earthquake.[85] In Mingun, 20 people were killed by a collapsing military bunker and the nearby Hsinbyume Pagoda was also largely destroyed.[86] Over 200 were also killed in Tada-U Township and the town of Shwebo recorded four fatalities.[5]

Partially-collapsed building in Naypyidaw

Across Naypyidaw Union Territory, more than 500 people died and 840 were injured.[87] In Zabuthiri Township, 204 deaths were reported; a number of the people killed were civil servants who died when their apartments collapsed in several complexes.[88][89] In many of these housing complexes, the ground floor collapsed, killing their inhabitants.[89] Offices of the rescue, information, home affairs, labour, foreign affairs, defense, and agriculture and irrigation ministries were also severely damaged and 20 bodies were found among the ruins.[89] Nearly 300 deaths were confirmed in Naypyidaw city.[5] The air traffic control tower of Nay Pyi Taw International Airport collapsed, killing six people[90] and reportedly leaving no survivors in the aftermath.[91] Roads buckled while ceilings partially collapsed in the city.[92] Several homes and religious shrines were also damaged.[70] Officials at a 1,000-bed hospital say hundreds of injured people arrived,[93] including 20 who died.[49] The roof of that hospital's emergency room had collapsed.[58] The military headquarters, parliament buildings and official housing buildings were heavily damaged,[94] with several government buildings collapsing, killing the permanent secretary of the labour ministry and several other senior foreign officials.[49] The Defence Services Museum and the National Museum in Naypyidaw also sustained damage.[95][92] Eighty-six bodies were discovered beneath the rubble of several collapsed buildings and monasteries in Pyinmana.[96] Numerous military buildings in Naypyidaw collapsed, killing 100 soldiers.[97]

More than 150 people were killed in Shan, including 130 in Nyaungshwe Township;[5] many were reported in the 19 villages built on the shores of Inle Lake and 2,790 houses were damaged.[98][99] In Kayla, a village with more than 1,000 households, at least 75 percent of it was destroyed and 42 residents died.[100][98] The villages of Zayatgyi and Seong Wa Gyi also reported major destruction. A local charity group said many people died from home collapses or electrocution. Fifty-one bodies were taken to a hospital but some could not be recovered as they were trapped underwater.[100] In Aungban, 11 people were killed and 25 others were rescued after a six-storey hotel collapsed; six members of the same family were among the dead.[101] Jet fighters en route for an aerial bombing campaign against Danu People's Liberation Army positions during the earthquake dropped bombs at 12:55pm MMT in Nawnghkio Township causing further damage to affected villages and killing seven soldiers minutes after the first earthquake.[85][102]

In Bago, the death toll stood at nearly 80.[5] In Taungoo Township, 40 miners were killed by a collapsing mine.[103] A school collapse in the township killed five children while 14 more were killed by a collapsing mosque.[104] Another school serving as a shelter for displaced people collapsed, trapping more than 20 people.[105] More than 160 people were killed in Pyay Township.[66] In Pyu, 17 people died,[5] including four members of a family when a wall of their home toppled.[106] A local resident reported one death, 10 injuries and more than 50 damaged houses in the village of Ywa Ma Pai in Oktwin Township.[107]

Two deaths and building damage were reported in Karen National Union-controlled villages in Kyaukki and Shwegyin townships.[108] In Yangon, minor damage occurred, some buildings were tilted and phone lines were downed.[109] Power outages occurred, with the electricity supply in Yangon being limited to four hours daily.[110]

Several foreign nationals were also killed, injured or reported missing following the earthquake in Myanmar. The Chinese embassy said at least five citizens were among the dead while 13 others were injured.[111][112] A French couple travelling in Mandalay were also killed by falling debris.[113] One Taiwanese national was among the victims, killed in the collapse of the Great Wall Hotel Mandalay.[114] Four Filipino migrant workers also went missing,[115] including a couple who were trapped in the Sky Villa condominium in Mandalay.[116] A Japanese resident was reported missing in Mandalay, and is believed by the Japanese embassy to have been trapped at their collapsed residence.[117] Two other Japanese were also injured in Mandalay.[118]

### In Thailand

[edit]

Further information: 2025 Bangkok skyscraper collapse

A dashcam still of the State Audit Office building in Bangkok collapsing

In Thailand, the earthquake caused dozens of deaths in Bangkok. Twenty-nine fatalities and all 58 missing persons occurred when an under-construction skyscraper collapsed.[119] Seven additional deaths were reported in other parts of the city.[120][6] At least 33 were injured around Bangkok and one person was injured in Nonthaburi province.[121][33] The earthquake was felt in 63 of Thailand's 77 provinces (including Bangkok), with damage reported in 18 provinces, mostly in the north and around Bangkok.[33]

The collapsed building was a 33-story office tower being built for the State Audit Office in Chatuchak district. The disaster resulted in 29 confirmed worker deaths[122] and 18 injuries, while 78 remained unaccounted for, as of 18:00 on 30 March.[6] (Earlier reports noted 68 who received medical attention.[123]) Some victims of the collapse were believed to be migrant workers from Myanmar.[124] Seven further deaths and 15 injuries occurred elsewhere in the city:[6] a crane operator died and four people were injured when a crane collapsed at a construction site in the Bang Pho area,[125] one construction worker was crushed by a falling concrete slab in Khan Na Yao District,[126] and five people died trying to evacuate from tall buildings, including two later in hospital.[6] Three people were injured when an elevator failed,[127] and another crane collapse in Din Daeng injured four and damaged the Chaloem Maha Nakhon Expressway's Din Daeng toll plaza, forcing its closure.[6][128]

Two sudden deaths, possibly from heart attacks, were also reported, in Nonthaburi and Samut Prakan provinces,[129][130] though these have not been officially confirmed to be related to the earthquake.

People evacuating from a Central Department Store in Khet Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, Thailand

Deputy Prime Minister Phumtham Wechayachai described the shaking as unprecedented in Bangkok in the past 100 years.[131] It caused marked swaying in high-rise buildings, triggering widespread panic among occupants, many of whom rushed to exit into the streets. Most buildings were evacuated, and public venues closed down. All rapid transit lines were suspended, and some roads were closed.[132] Road traffic came to a stand-still, and remained severely congested into the night.[133] After all other rapid transit lines reopened, MRT Pink Line remained suspended as its power rail was dislocated in Min Buri district, Bangkok.[134]

CCTV footage of the earthquake from a skyscraper swimming pool in Bangkok

Many high-rise buildings developed visible damage as a result of the earthquake. Sky bridges connecting three luxury high-rise apartment towers were severed by the tremor, causing debris to fall off while water spilled from the rooftop pools of the buildings, as well as many others.[135] One fire incident was also reported, which was caused by a stove left unattended by fleeing residents.[128] Bangkok Governor Chadchart Sittipunt stated that the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration's reporting platform received over 14,430 reports of building damage,[136] while it planned to inspect 700 structures across the city.[135] He later urged the owners of 11,000 buildings across the capital to assess their property's safety.[137] The interior ministry said that 3,375 government buildings had been affected by the earthquake nationwide, with 221 of them in sustaining moderate damage and 34 others in severe condition.[138]

Throughout the country, the Ministry of Public Health reported that 63 of its hospitals in 17 provinces were affected by the earthquake, with many temporarily evacuating patients. Several sustained damage, mostly in the form of wall cracks.[139][140] Rajavithi Hospital in Bangkok moved patients out of its 25-storey building, housing them in a sports hall while the main building, which exhibited multiple cracks, awaited inspection.[141] It later transferred 162 patients to other hospitals.[142]

In Chiang Mai, several condominium buildings suffered cracks.[143] Across the country, damage was reported from 591 houses, 55 temples, 86 hospitals, 9 buildings, 52 schools and 25 government buildings in Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phayao, Lamphun, Lampang, Mae Hong Son, Phrae, Nan, Phetchabun, Phitsanulok, Sukhothai, Ang Thong, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Samut Prakan, Samut Sakhon and Chai Nat provinces.[144] Damage to religious and cultural sites was recorded in Lampang, Nan, and Chiang Mai provinces.[145] Twenty 10-tonne (11-ton) concrete beams being installed for an elevated section of the new Den Chai–Chiang Rai–Chiang Khong railway [th] also collapsed and crushed six vehicles in Chiang Rai province, without causing injuries.[146] Half a dozen sinkholes were reported in Ban Mae Surin, a village in the Khun Yuam district of Mae Hong Son.[147]

### Elsewhere

[edit]

A CCTV still of a rooftop infinity pool collapse sweeping away a crowd of people in Yunnan Province, China

In Yunnan, China, the earthquake was strongly felt across the province. Two people were injured in the border city of Ruili,[148][149] while nine others were rescued after being trapped in an elevator.[150] About 847 homes were damaged in the city, affecting 2,840 people.[151] Other provinces including Guizhou, Guangxi and Sichuan also felt the tremors.[152] The Ministry of Foreign Affairs in China said no Chinese citizens were killed in the earthquake.[135]

Tremors were felt in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,[153] as well as in Vientiane, Laos, causing people to evacuate buildings.[154] In Ho Chi Minh City, 342 apartments were damaged.[155]

In India, shaking was experienced in the Delhi-National Capital Region, causing people to evacuate buildings.[156][157] Northeastern states, particularly Meghalaya, experienced noticeable aftershocks with a 4.0-magnitude tremor reported in the East Garo Hills.[158] Tremors were also felt in cities like Kolkata and Imphal.[159] In Basirhat, residents reported the shaking of natural water bodies.[160] The Bengali newspaper agency Aajkaal reported that residents of Basirhat felt the earthquake for as long as 30 minutes, as water bodies shook for that duration.[161] Tremors were also felt in parts of Assam including Guwahati.[162]

Tremors were felt across Bangladesh, including cities such as Dhaka, Sylhet, Rajshahi and Chittagong, causing people to panic and evacuate buildings.[163][164]

Tremors were also felt in Cambodia[165] and the northern Malaysian states of Penang, Kedah and Kelantan.[166][167]

### Estimations of losses

[edit]

The USGS Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) service estimated a 35 percent probability of economic losses between US$10 billion and US$100 billion and a 31 percent probability of economic losses exceeding US$100 billion; upper estimates of economic losses exceed Myanmar's GDP of $64.2 billion.[168] The service also estimated a 35 percent probability of deaths between 10,000 and 100,000 and a 33 percent probability of deaths exceeding 100,000.[2] The Thai Hotels Association said that it expected international tourist arrivals to decrease by at least 10–15% in the two weeks following the earthquake, adding that 10% of foreign tourists had checked out following the earthquake.[169] Tourism minister Sorawong Thienthong noted that there had been over 1,000 hotel room bookings in the two days following the earthquake, while there was a shift in destination preferences from Bangkok to other places such as Pattaya.[170]

## Aftermath

[edit]

In a statement by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) on 1 April, shelter, clean water and medicine were running low in Myanmar. Additionally, due to the lack of clean water, the United Nations warned about the possibility of a cholera outbreak. The World Health Organization said that many hospitals in the region were also running beyond their intended capacity. Damaged roads and bridges also hampered rescue missions. OCHA added that it took their team 13 hours to reach Mandalay from Yangon instead of the typical eight-hour travel time.[171] In many parts of Myanmar, the first responders were volunteer groups who, without special equipment, tried to pull survivors from the rubble.[172]

Although the military regime appealed for international aid, several human rights organisations said there is selective allocation of assistance. Some affected regions such as Sagaing and Shan were receiving less aid whereas most resources were directed at Mandalay and Naypyidaw. Some groups said the regime may be falsely claiming logistical challenges to rationalise restricting aid in resistance-controlled areas. Amnesty International also shared a similar statement.[173] United Nations rapporter Tom Andrews said there were many reports of the military preventing aid and workers from accessing some areas.[174]

Many residents in Mandalay slept in the streets during the first night after the earthquake due to persistent aftershocks.[175] Due to limited equipment and emergency specialists, the city's residents conducted their own rescue activities.[176] On 29 March, rescuers were still working to retrieve at least 90 people trapped in one of the condominiums that collapsed. According to a Red Cross member, nine bodies and 44 survivors were pulled from the wreckage.[177] The Mandalay General Hospital reached its capacity and dozens of injured patients received treatment outside the building.[178] Fires also spread through Thannauk, Sein Pan and Maha Aungthan West wards with the latter being entirely reduced to ashes, according to Mandalay residents. Roads closures and fuel shortages in Mandalay continued to hinder rescue efforts.[83] By 31 March, the Myanmar Fire Services Department said it rescued 403 people and recovered 259 bodies in the city.[179] While most residents left their apartments, reports emerged of lootings at night in some parts of the city.[180]

In Sagaing, a resident said many bodies were buried in mass graves but due to the lack of space, others were sent to nearby Mandalay for cremation. Even so, there was a lack of cremators to accommodate the overwhelming number of dead which began to decompose in the days after the earthquake.[181] Officials were short on body bags, food and dress.[182] Rescue efforts in the city were minimal, in part due to collapsed fire station trapping emergency personnel and lack of safe bridge access from Mandalay.[82] Many bodies remained buried beneath the rubble while much of the city was abandoned. Residents also reported a strong stench emanating from residential areas due to unrecovered bodies.[183] In Naypyidaw, many people were buried beneath collapsed structures.[184] Workers of the junta regime continued to work in the open lawn beside the ruins of their ministry buildings. The city morgue was overwhelmed by the number of bodies and the lack of power meant they were rotting. Decomposing bodies were also found along the road outside the facility.[185] As the Muslim cemetery in Sagaing had been closed due to fighting between the military and rebels, the remains of Muslim fatalities were transported to Mandalay for burial.[186]

Nearly a week after the earthquake, rescue efforts were still ongoing in Taungoo, Bago. A resident said there was no international assistance so residents carried out rescue efforts themselves while a social worker said their equipment were inadequate.[187] Telecommunication services in Yangon were disabled from the time of the earthquake until past 22:00 MMT. Electricity was only available intermittently, and in townships further afield not available at all.[188] In Pathein, Ayeyarwady Region, the earthquake knocked out electrical services and disabled the generators used for water pumping for several days.[189]

From 28 March to 3 April, military airstrikes killed at least 58 civilians and members of rebel forces.[190] The airbase in Monywa continued operations against resistance-held Chaung-U Township, deploying a paradrop attack at 19:00 MMT on the day of the earthquake.[85] The following day, the junta resumed aerial bombardment on territories held by resistance forces in Karen, northern Shan, Bago and Sagaing regions.[191] The People's Defence Force, a rebel force, said they would observe a partial ceasefire for two weeks beginning on 30 March.[192] Despite this, the junta conducted a bombing campaign in Pauk Township, Sagaing Region.[193] An airstrike in Singu Township, Mandalay, on 31 March injured several residents and burnt down their homes.[194] The junta also continued bombing campaigns in Rakhine State, destroying parts of the hospital in Arakan Army-controlled Ponnagyun on 28 March with Arakan Army continuing offensive operations in Kyaukphyu Township.[195][196] On 2 April, troops from the regime fired warning shots at nine trucks carrying Chinese relief items in Nawnghkio Township, Shan.[197]

In Bangkok, trading on the Stock Exchange of Thailand was suspended.[198] The finance ministry did not report any major losses on the economy, fiscal infrastructure or financial system.[199]

Thai Air Traffic Control issued a nationwide no-fly order for all airports,[200] while train services between Bangkok and north and northeastern Thailand were also suspended.[201] Services on the BTS Skytrain and "long-distance" routes were resumed by the evening of 28 March.[199] The MRT Blue Line and Purple Line resumed operations on the morning of 29 March, followed by the Yellow Line on 30 March.[202][203] The Pink Line partially reopened on 31 March; Min Buri station remained closed due to a dislocated power rail.[204] Inspectors were deployed across Bangkok to check the safety of buildings.[135]

On 29 March, rescuers said at least 15 people were found alive but trapped within the rubble of the State Audit Office building site in Chatuchak district.[124] Many of the workers trapped were believed to be migrants from Myanmar. Rescuers used drones, sniffer dogs and cranes to carry out their operations. The family members of those trapped also visited the site of the collapse.[205]

On 31 March, a mb 4.1 aftershock caused additional buildings to collapse in Mandalay.[206][207]

## Domestic responses

[edit]

### Myanmar

[edit]

Myanmar's military junta declared a state of emergency in six regions, including Sagaing, Mandalay, Bago, Magway, Shan State, and Naypyidaw, following the earthquake. The junta's leader, Min Aung Hlaing, visited a hospital in Naypyidaw to assess the treatment of the injured. The junta also requested international humanitarian aid to assist with the aftermath of the disaster.[208][209] General Zaw Min Tun said many hospitals in Mandalay, Naypyidaw, and Sagaing received a large number of injured patients and needed blood donors.[210] In Sagaing city, junta soldiers conducted security checks and prevented unpermitted rescue operations from being carried out.[211] Military checkpoints also hampered efforts to bury bodies as they blocked off the Islamic cemetery in the city.[212] Emergency response teams from Ayeyarwady Region and Yangon were dispatched to Naypyidaw to help with search and rescue efforts.[213] Reporters in Mandalay described rescue operations as slow with a shortage of personnel. Many collapsed buildings remain unsearched and few survivors have been found in searched buildings.[214]

The National Unity Government of Myanmar (NUG) met to coordinate emergency immediate relief efforts and called for international aid.[215] US$1 million was allocated for emergency rescue with PDF forces deployed to aid affected resistance-controlled regions in Sagaing, Mandalay and Magway Regions. The government offered assistance in bring aid into their territories if the junta would guarantee the safety of medical personnel.[216] The day after the earthquake, the NUG announced a two-week pause on offensives to coordinate humanitarian efforts with the UN and non-governmental groups.[217] Despite this, the military continued airstrikes against rebel-held villages, prompting condemnation from United Nations Special Rapporteur on Human Rights in Myanmar Tom Andrews.[218] Junta leader Min Aung Hlaing announced on 1 April that he would continue military operations against rebels.[219] That same day, the Three Brotherhood Alliance announced a month-long ceasefire to facilitate relief efforts, followed on 2 April by the junta, which said it would observe a ceasefire until 22 April.[220] However, the following day, the junta conducted an aerial bombing campaign in Indaw, Sagaing Region and continued shelling in Bhamo, Kachin State,[221] which occurred despite a ceasefire declared on 2 April by the Kachin Independence Army.[45]

On 31 March 2025, the junta declared a period of national mourning that would last until 6 April 2025.[222] A minute of silence was held at 12:51:02 MMT, the exact time the earthquake occurred, on 1 April.[223]

### Thailand

[edit]

Thai Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra cut short her attendance at a tourism conference in Phuket to return to Bangkok[224] and held an emergency meeting on the disaster.[92] She later visited the collapsed State Audit Office building site in Chatuchak[225] and ordered the formation of a committee of experts to investigate the collapse within a week.[226] She also announced that the Thai monarchy would place those injured by the earthquake under its patronage.[227]

Governor of Bangkok Chadchart Sittipunt declared a level 2 disaster area for the city,[228] which was lifted on 31 March.[229] He also ordered Lumphini, Benchasiri, Benjakitti and Chatuchak Parks to remain open overnight on 28 March to accommodate stranded and displaced people.[201] Around 400 people took shelter in city parks overnight.[230] The Ministry of Transport deployed additional public buses,[231] while the management of Suvarnabhumi Airport implemented a temporary shuttle bus service to mitigate a shortage of taxis traveling to and from the airport.[232] The Ministry of Education ordered a nationwide closure of schools.[233] Mental health hotlines maintained by the Ministry of Health expanded its hotline services and received at least 1,598 following the earthquake.[234] Pathum Thani and Phrae provinces were also declared as emergency disaster assistance zones.[235] Criticism arose in Thailand over a delay in the dissemination of SMS warnings regarding the earthquake.[236]

On 30 March, Thailand's interior minister Anutin Charnvirakul said an investigation into the audit office building collapse was to be completed within a week. Charnvirakul also added that Chinese disaster specialists would assist in the enquiry.[237] The Anti-Corruption Organisation of Thailand, a government watchdog, found substandard steel rebars after gathering debris samples and performing an initial test.[176] On 31 March 2025, reports of cracks and tremors prompted the evacuation of multiple buildings across Bangkok. While initially reported by some outlets as being due to aftershocks,[238] the Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation confirmed that the aftershocks on 31 March were too weak to affect Thailand. Authorities later dismissed the scare as a false alarm, with city engineers stating that the reported cracks were not new and had appeared since 28 March.[239][240] The Ministry of Health also warned against what it called "earthquake drunk" syndrome, a condition attributed to disruptions to balance that resulted in people having swaying or moving feelings following an earthquake.[241]

On 31 March, a minute of silence was held in the Senate of Thailand for the victims of the earthquake.[242]

### China

[edit]

Authorities in Yunnan deployed 646 rescuers and 14 search dogs for rescue operations in the province.[150]

## International humanitarian efforts

[edit]

Airlift by IAF consisting of NDRF volunteers and equipment for rescue operations Indian Navy officials loading INS Satpura and INS Savitri with 40 tonnes of humanitarian aid under Operation Brahma, heading for the Port of Yangon

### International organisations

[edit]

Various countries pledged support in the form of humanitarian aid. Myanmar accepted aid from India and the AHA Centre while the United Nations said it would provide an early sum of US$5 million in emergency aid.[199] The International Charter Space and Major Disasters was activated by the United Nations Satellite Centre (UNOSAT) on behalf of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) at 10:21 UTC on 28 March, thus providing for widespread humanitarian satellite coverage.[243] The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies launched an emergency appeal on 30 March for more than $100 million to help earthquake victims.[244] The World Health Organization announced a dispatch of 60 tonnes of critical medical supplies, including mobile medical tents, surgical kits and medicines.[245]

The European Union (EU) provided a total of €2.5 million in initial emergency assistance to Myanmar.[246] The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA Centre) deployed the ASEAN Emergency Response and Assessment Team (ASEAN-ERAT) to conduct rapid needs assessment in affected areas with the association member states responding individually with search and rescue operations, the deployment of relief teams with assessment experts, humanitarian assistance support such as food and medical supplies, financial aid, logistics, and equipment.[247]

### State actors

[edit]

Australia provided an initial AU$2 million through the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) for immediate humanitarian relief in Myanmar.[248] A rapid response team was also mobilised through Australia Assists with a further AU$3.5 million allocated to Australian NGOs and their local partners for the distribution of food, water and sanitation and emergency health and education, another AU$500,000 contribution to the Emergency Action Alliance, and another AU$3 million for emergency relief supplies to support the efforts of the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management.[248][249] Caritas Australia launched an appeal for Myanmar and preparing a response for humanitarian requirements such as emergency shelter, food, other essentials, as well as psychosocial support.[250]

Bangladesh Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus ordered the Bangladesh Armed Forces to urgently deploy rescue and medical teams to Myanmar with relief supplies, including medicine, tents, dry food, and medical services.[251] These supplies and medicines were delivered in two phases using three transport aircraft from the Bangladesh Army and Bangladesh Air Force.[252]

Cambodia pledged an initial US$100,000 in aid to Myanmar.[253]

The Chinese embassy in Myanmar said the country would allocate US$13.77 million worth of supplies including tents, blankets, medical kits, sustenance and other items.[254] On 29 March 37 members of a search and rescue team from Yunnan, China, arrived in Yangon. The team, along with over 100 rescue equipment, travelled to Naypyidaw to participate in rescue missions.[255] On 30 March, China sent 17 trucks loaded with shelter and medical supplies to Mandalay. Hong Kong sent a group of 51 search-and-rescue personnel and two rescue dogs. The team also carried nine tons of life detecting devices and automatic satellite tracking antenna system among other critical items.[256]

The Indian Air Force sent an aircraft carrying over 15 tonnes of relief material containing essential shelter and medical supplies to Myanmar.[257] The efforts were conducted under the moniker Operation Brahma.[258] On 1 April, the Indian team also established a field hospital in Mandalay with a capacity of 200 patients. The staff treated more than 100 patients and performed two critical surgeries within the first day.[259]

Indonesia's defense ministry said 12 tonnes of humanitarian relief and 39 military personnel were flown to Naypyidaw to assist medical needs, construct shelters and search for the missing.[260] The National Alms Agency (BAZNAS) of Indonesia sent a total of 100 generators, 50 tents, 10 thousand sarongs, and five thousand packages each of women's essentials and children's necessities.[261] A search and rescue team consisting of 53 personnel was also dispatched by Indonesia.[262]

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu ordered a search and rescue team, led by Colonel Yossi Pinto, be sent to Thailand to assist local authorities.[263] The Israeli embassy sent a scanning device that was used to search for survivors at the State Audit Office building,[6] while IsraAid deployed an emergency team.[264]

Japan deployed 450 tents, 240 waterproof sheets and a group of medical personnel to affected areas in Myanmar.[265] It also pledged $6 million in emergency grant aid to the country.[118]

The Laos Ministry of National Defence sent an emergency response team to Myanmar to assist in search and rescue efforts, consisting of 33 firefighters, 11 soldiers and other supporting staff.[266][267]

Malaysia sent an immediate 50 members of the Special Malaysia Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (SMART) relief personnel for rescue operations in Myanmar,[14][268] with RM10 million (US$2.3 million) humanitarian aid also provided.[269]

New Zealand also pledged NZ$2 million to Myanmar.[270]

Pakistan's National Disaster Management Authority prepared to send 70 tons of relief materials, with 35 tons handed over to Myanmar authorities in Yangon on 1 April.[271][272]

The Philippines sent a 91-member Inter-Agency Humanitarian Contingent that consists of personnel from the Office of Civil Defense, Department of Health, Philippine Army, Philippine Air Force, Bureau of Fire Protection, Metropolitan Manila Development Authority, and the private sector.[273]

The Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation also sent two aircraft with 120 doctors and rescue personnel to Myanmar.[255][274] A mobile air hospital was established in Mandalay.[275]

The Singapore Civil Defence Force sent an 80-member team to assist the rescue efforts in Myanmar.[276]

South Korea pledged US$2 million in humanitarian aid to Myanmar.[277]

Spain, through the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation, sent €500,000 to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and another €1,500,000 to the Disaster Response Emergency Fund of IFRC (IFRC-DREF).[278]

Sri Lanka pledged US$1 million in humanitarian aid to assist with ongoing relief and recovery efforts and prepared medical teams and health sector assistance for deployment to Myanmar.[279] The Temple of the Tooth also announced Rs15 million financial aid to Myanmar.[280]

The Taiwanese National Fire Agency placed 120 personnel and six dogs on standby to assist in rescue efforts in Myanmar,[281] but the offer was declined, and the team was disbanded.[282][283] The Taiwanese Red Cross pledged US$50,000 in aid,[284] while Fo Guang Shan committed US$61,553 in financial and material aid. China Airlines offered to transport disaster relief supplies free of charge.[285]

The Royal Thai Armed Forces said it would deploy a 49-member search and rescue team to Myanmar.[286]

The United Kingdom announced a £10 million humanitarian aid package for Myanmar.[287]

United States President Donald Trump said the country will be sending aid to Myanmar, despite recent cuts on foreign aid.[288] The US embassy pledged up to $2 million through local organizations.[289] A team of three was sent to Myanmar for recovery efforts but they experienced difficulties with visa processing.[290] In Thailand, the US Indo-Pacific Command deployed personnel to assist in rescue operations at the State Audit Office.[291]

The Vietnam People's Army deployed an 80-member earthquake relief team which arrived in Yangon on 30 March.[292] A 26-member team from Vietnam's Ministry of Public Security on 31 March 2025 arrived in Myanmar's Sagaing city, beginning their search and rescue operations.[293] In response to Myanmar's request for assistance, Vietnam offered an emergency aid package worth $300,000 to support earthquake recovery efforts.[294]

## See also

[edit]

* Myanmar portal
* Thailand portal

* Lists of earthquakes
* Lists of 21st-century earthquakes
* List of earthquakes in 2025
* List of earthquakes in Myanmar
* List of earthquakes in Thailand

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Not counting the Wa Self-Administered Division or the five Self-Administered Zones of the country

## References

[edit]

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2. ^ a b c d e ANSS. "M 7.7 – 16 km NNW of Sagaing, Myanmar 2025". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
3. ^ Adkin, Ross (29 March 2025). "Voices are starting to emerge from quake-devastated Myanmar. Here's what we are hearing". CNN.
4. ^ Ledur, Júlia (28 March 2025). "Friday's quake is the deadliest to hit Myanmar in 95 years". The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "မြေငလျင် နောက်ဆုံးရရှိသော သတင်းအချက်အလက်များ" [Latest earthquake information]. Democratic Voice of Burma (in Burmese). 2 April 2025. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
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18. ^ Wang, Yu; Sieh, Kerry; Tun, Soe Thura; Lai, Kuang-Yin; Myint, Than (2014). "Active tectonics and earthquake potential of the Myanmar region". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 119 (4): 3767–3822\. Bibcode:2014JGRB..119.3767W. doi:10.1002/2013JB010762.3767-3822&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/2013JB010762&rft_id=info:bibcode/2014JGRB..119.3767W&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Yu&rft.au=Sieh,+Kerry&rft.au=Tun,+Soe+Thura&rft.au=Lai,+Kuang-Yin&rft.au=Myint,+Than&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2025+Myanmar+earthquake" class="Z3988">
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21. ^ Warnitchai, Pennung; Chintanapakdee, Chatpan; Ornthammarath, Teraphan (June 2018). การลดความเสี่ยงของอาคารสูงในกรุงเทพมหานครและปริมณฑลที่เกิดจากแผ่นดินไหวขนาดใหญ่ในระยะไกล: รายงานฉบับสมบูรณ์ [Mitigation of Seismic Risk of Tall Buildings in Bangkok Metropolitan Area from Large Distant Earthquakes: Final Report] (Report) (in Thai). Thailand Research Fund. p. 6.
22. ^ "แผ่นดินไหว…ไม่ไกลคนกรุง" [Earthquake is closer to Bangkokians than realized]. Thailand Science Research and Innovation (in Thai). 16 April 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
23. ^ "Massive Bangkok Quake Leaves City Reeling, Building Crumbles". Bernama. 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
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26. ^ Bradley, Kyle; Hubbard, Judith A. (2 April 2025). "Surface ruptures of the Myanmar M7.7 earthquake mapped from space". Earthquake Insights. doi:10.62481/51b7df8c. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
27. ^ "Myanmar Quake Caused Ground Shift of Up to 6 Meters: Study". Jiji Press. Nippon.com. 2 April 2025. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
28. ^ "288 aftershocks registered since Friday's earthquake in Myanmar". The Nation. 3 April 2025.
29. ^ Hurukawa, Nobuo; Maung, Phyo Maung (2011). "Two seismic gaps on the Sagaing Fault, Myanmar, derived from relocation of historical earthquakes since 1918". Geophysical Research Letters. 38 (L01310). Bibcode:2011GeoRL..38.1310H. doi:10.1029/2010GL046099.
30. ^ Wu, Sheng-Han (2022). Yóu dìbiǎo pòliè yǔ zhèndù jìlù chóngjiàn 1839 miǎndiàn ā wǎ dìzhèn zhī guīmó 由地表破裂與震度紀錄重建1839緬甸阿瓦地震之規模 [Re-estimating the magnitude of 1839 Ava earthquake through geomorphic mapping and macroseismic records, central Myanmar] (Masters thesis). Department of Geosciences, College of Sciences, National Taiwan University. doi:10.6342/ntu202203906.
31. ^ Hubbard, Judith; Bradley, Kyle (29 March 2025). "Catastrophic M7.7 earthquake caused by rupture of Sagaing Fault in Myanmar". Earthquake Insights. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
32. ^ "မြန်မာ့ငလျင် – ခပ်စိပ်စိပ်လှုပ်ခတ်လာတဲ့နောက် ပြည်သူတွေ စိုးရိမ်မှုမြင့်တက်" [Myanmar Earthquake – Public concern rises after successive earthquakes] (in Burmese). BBC. 6 March 2025.
33. ^ a b c "บกปภ.ช. อัปเดตความคืบหน้าการให้ความช่วยเหลือกรณีแผ่นดินไหว เร่งสำรวจความเสียหาย และผลกระทบเพื่อให้การช่วยเหลือตามสิทธิอย่างเป็นธรรมและทั่วถึง" [DDPM Center updates progress on earthquake relief, presses for damage and impact assessment for fair and thorough assistance]. NBT Connext (in Thai). Retrieved 30 March 2025.
34. ^ "ငလျင်ဒဏ်သင့်ဒေသများအပါအဝင် ဒေသအချို့ အချိန်အခါမဟုတ် မိုးရွာနိုင်" [Some areas, including earthquake-affected areas, may experience unseasonal rain]. Mizzima (in Burmese). 2 April 2025. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
35. ^ "Myanmar earthquake death toll rises to 3,301". Xinhua. China Daily. 4 April 2025. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
36. ^ "ငလျင်အပြီး ဆောက်လုပ်ရေးသုံး ပစ္စည်းများနှင့် ဆေးဝါးများ စျေးခုန်တက်". Mizzima News (in Burmese). 2 April 2025.
37. ^ "မြန်မာနိုင်ငံမြို့ကြီးအချို့တွင် ပြင်းထန်ငလျင်လှုပ်ခတ်" [Cities in Myanmar hit with strong earthquake]. Myanmar now. 28 March 2025.
38. ^ a b Volk, Kristina (29 March 2025). "Myanmar rescuer says villages near Mandalay are suffering even more". BBC.
39. ^ ECHO (3 April 2025). "Myanmar, Thailand - 7.7 M Earthquake, update (DG ECHO, Copernicus EMSR, AHA Centre, media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 03 April 2025)". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 3 April 2025.
40. ^ "မြန်မာ ငလျင် အဆောက်အအုံ သောင်းနဲ့ချီ ပျက်စီး". BBC News (in Burmese). 3 April 2025. Retrieved 3 April 2025.
41. ^ a b "ငလျင်ကြောင့် ဗလီ ၅၀ခန့် ပြိုကျပြီးနောက် လူရာချီသေဆုံး" ["50 mosques collapse due to earthquake, hundreds dead"] (in Burmese). Myanmar Now. 30 March 2025. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
42. ^ Mogul, Rhea (4 April 2025). "Buildings in Myanmar continue to collapse days after deadly quake". CNN. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
43. ^ Htun, Zeyar; Wong, Tessa (2 April 2025). "The man mourning 170 loved ones lost in Myanmar's earthquake". BBC News. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
44. ^ "Myanmar quake struck mosques as minority Muslims gathered for Ramadan prayers". Bangkok Post. 29 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
45. ^ a b "Myanmar earthquake death toll rises to 3,085 as more bodies found". AP News. 3 April 2025. Retrieved 3 April 2025.
46. ^ "မန္တလေးတိုင်းတွင် ငလျင်ဒဏ်ကြောင့် သေဆုံးသူ ၆၄၉ ဦးရှိပြီး ဒဏ်ရာရရှိသူ ၁၆၇၀ ဦးရှိကာ ပျောက်ဆုံးနေသူ ၆၈ ဦးရှိ၊ သေဆုံးသူအရေအတွက် ဆက်လက်မြင့်တက်မည်". Khit Thit Media (in Burmese). 29 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
47. ^ "ငလျင်ဒဏ်ကြောင့် မန္တလေးမြို့က နေအိမ်အဆောက်အဦ အများအပြား ထိခိုက်ပျက်စီး". Democratic Voice of Burma (in Burmese). 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
48. ^ "အင်အားပြင်းငလျင်ကြောင့် မန္တလေးအပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာလေဆိပ်နှင့် နေပြည်တော်အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာ လေဆိပ်တို့တွင် ထိခိုက်ပျက်စီးမှုများ ရှိ". Elevennews. 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
49. ^ a b c "Myanmar earthquake live: 'Hundreds of casualties' after 7.7-magnitude quake". The Times. London. 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
50. ^ "မန္တလေး လေဆိပ်အဝင်လမ်းပေါ်ရှိ ဒုဌဝတီတံတား ငလျင်ဒဏ်ကြောင့် ပြိုကျသွားပြီး ကားတချို့ ပြုတ်ကျမှုရှိ" [Duhtawady Bridge on road to Mandalay Airport collapses due to earthquake damage, some vehicles also fall]. 28 March 2025.
51. ^ a b "မန္တလေးမှာ ဗလီပြိုကျလို့ အစ္စလာမ်ဘာသာဝင် သေဆုံးမှု ၄၀၀ကျော်ရှိလား". LuduNwayOo. 30 March 2025. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
52. ^ a b "မန္တလေးမှာ ဗလီ ၃၀ထက်မနည်း ပြိုကျပျက်စီးပြီး လူသေဆုံးမှုများ". LuduNwayOo. 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
53. ^ "20 Killed As Mosque Collapses in Myanmar Earthquake; Children Among Victims in Monastery Tragedy". News18. 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
54. ^ "ငလျင်ဒဏ်ကို တစ်နိုင်ငံလုံးခံစားရပြီး မန္တလေး၊ စစ်ကိုင်းနှင့် ရှမ်းတောင်တို့တွင် အပျက်အစီးများ" [Earthquake felt nationwide, with damage reported in Mandalay, Sagaing and Shan State] (in Burmese). Tachileik News Agency. 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
55. ^ "မန္တလေးတွင် ငလျင်ကြောင့် ပြိုကျခဲ့သည့် ဦးလှသိန်းဗိမာန်အတွင်း စာမေးပွဲ ဖြေနေကြသည့် သံဃာတော် ၈၀ ပါးကျော် ပျံလွန်တော်မူဟုဆို". Khit Thit Media (in Burmese). 29 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
56. ^ "Sky Villa အဆောက်အဦး ပြိုကျမှုမှ ရုပ်အလောင်း ၉ လောင်းတွေ့ရှိထားပြီး အသက်ရှင်လျက် ကယ်ဆယ်နိုင်ခဲ့သူ ၄၃ ဦးထိရှိကာ ကယ်ဆယ်ရေးများ ဆက်လက် လုပ်ဆောင်နေ". Khit Thit Media (in Burmese). 29 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
57. ^ "Myanmar Quake Toll Passes 1,000 As Rescuers Dig For Survivors". Channels TV. 29 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
58. ^ a b Zaw, Htet Naing (31 March 2025). "Heartbroken parents call out children's names at earthquake-hit pre-school". Mandalay region: BBC News. Archived from the original on 31 March 2025. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
59. ^ "ငလျင်ဒဏ်ကြောင့် မန္တလေး မစိုးရိမ်ကျောင်းတိုက်က သံဃာ ၃၀ ကျော် ပျံလွန်တော်မူ၊ ၅၀ ကျော် ဒဏ်ရာရ" [Earthquake kills over 30 monks at Mandalay's Masoeng Monastery, injures over 50]. Democratic Voice of Burma (in Burmese). 2 April 2025. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
60. ^ "အိုးဘိုအကျဥ်းထောင်အတွင်း ငလျင်ဒဏ်ကြောင့် သေဆုံးသူ ၁၂ ဦးရှိ၊ စစ်ကောင်စီ သတင်းဖုံးဖိထား" [12 dead in earthquake in Obo prison, military council suppresses news]. Karen Information Center (in Burmese). 2 April 2025. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
61. ^ "မန္တလေးမြို့ မဟာအောင်မြေမြို့နယ်ရှိ နှစ်ထပ်ခွဲလက်ဖက်ရည်ဆိုင် ငလျင်ကြောင့် ပြိုကျခဲ့ပြီး လူ ၇၀ ခန့် ပိတ်မိနေ". Eleven Media Group Co., Ltd (in Burmese). Retrieved 28 March 2025.
62. ^ Ferguson, Donna; Ambrose, Tom; Sedghi, Amy; Lavelle, Daniel; Mackay, Hamish (28 March 2025). "Thailand and Myanmar earthquake death toll rises as Bangkok declared disaster area with dozens trapped under skyscraper – live". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
63. ^ "ငလျင်လှုပ်အပြီး မန္တလေးတက္ကသိုလ်ပင်မဆောင်နှင့် စိန်ပန်းရပ်ကွက် မီးလောင်" [Mandalay University main building and Seinpan neighborhood caught fire after earthquake]. Democratic Voice of Burma (in Burmese). 29 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
64. ^ "မန္တလေး စိန်ပန်းရပ် မီးဘေးသင့်ပြည်သူ ၃,၀၀၀ ကျော် အကူအညီလိုအပ်‌နေ" [More than 3,000 people in Mandalay's Seinpan Yat fire need help]. Democratic Voice of Burma. 3 April 2025. Retrieved 3 April 2025.
65. ^ "ငလျင်ကြောင့် ပျော်ဘွယ်မှာ သေဆုံးသူ ၄၀၀ ကျော်ရှိလာ". Radio Free Asia (in Burmese). 1 April 2025. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
66. ^ a b "ပျော်ဘွယ်မှာ ငလျင်ကြောင့် သေဆုံးသူ နှစ်ရာကျော်အထိ မြင့်တက်လာ". Radio Free Asia (in Burmese). 30 March 2025. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
67. ^ "ငလျင်ကြောင့် ပျော်ဘွယ်မြို့ရှိ ကမ္ဘောဇဘဏ်ပြိုကျမှု အသက်ရှင်သူ မရှိနိုင်တော့" [No survivors after Kanbawza Bank collapses in Pyawbwe due to earthquake]. Democratic Voice of Burma (in Burmese). 31 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
68. ^ "ငလျင်ကြောင့် မယ်နုအုတ်ကျောင်း ပြိုကျပျက်စီ" [The Mae Nu brick school collapsed due to the earthquake] (in Burmese). Elevennews. 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
69. ^ "Myanmar earthquake: Photos, video show devastation as mosque and Mahamuni Pagoda collapse after strong tremors". The Times of India. 28 March 2025. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
70. ^ a b Rising, David; Saksornchai, Jintamas (28 March 2025). "Powerful quake rocks Myanmar and Thailand and kills more than 150 people". Associated Press. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
71. ^ a b "မန္တလေးတိုင်း နယ်မြို့ ၅ ခုတွင် ငလျင်ကြောင့် လူ ၆၀၀ နီးပါးသေဆုံး" (in Burmese). Myanmar Now. 1 April 2025. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
72. ^ "ရမည်းသင်းမြို့နယ်တွင် ငလျင်လှုပ်ခတ်မှုကြောင့် ပြည်သူ ၁၀၀ ကျော် သေဆုံးပြီး ထိခိုက်ပျက်စီးမှု များပြား". Khit Thit Media (in Burmese). 29 March 2025.
73. ^ Phyo, Aung Kyaw (1 April 2025). "နှစ်ပေါင်း ၁၀၀ ကျော် ရှေးဟောင်းကျောင်း ငလျင်ကြောင့်ပြိုကျရာမှ ယဉ်ကျေးလိမ္မာသင်တန်းတက်ရောက်နေသူ ကလေးငယ် ၁၃ ဦးသေဆုံး" [13 children attending a literacy class die after 100-year-old school collapses in earthquake]. Mizzima (in Burmese). Retrieved 1 April 2025.
74. ^ a b "ငလျင်ကြောင့် မတ္တရာမြိုပေါ် နေအိမ်များနှင့် သာသနာ့အဆောက်အဦများပြိုကျ" [Meiktila town's houses and religious buildings collapse due to earthquake]. Mizzima News (in Burmese).
75. ^ "မိတ္ထီလာမြို့တွင် ငလျင်ဒဏ်ကြောင့် သေဆုံးသူ ၂၆ ဦးရှိပြီး ထိခိုက်ဒဏ်ရာရရှိသူ ၁၆၆ ဦးရှိဟု ဒေသခံများ ပြောဆို" [Locals say 26 people have died and 166 have been injured in the earthquake in Meiktila]. Khit Thit Media. 30 March 2025. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
76. ^ "စဥ့်ကူး၌ ငလျင်ကြောင့် ရွှေတွင်းပြိုကျပြီး ၃၀ နီးပါးသေဆုံး၊ ၅ ဦးကို ကယ်တင်နိုင်" [Nearly 30 killed, 5 rescued in gold mine collapse caused by earthquake in Sukkur]. Democratic Voice of Burma (in Burmese). 1 April 2025. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
77. ^ "ငလျင်ကြောင့် ကျောက်ဆည်တွင် လူ ၁၀၀ကျော်သေဆုံး၊ ပြိုကျအဆောက်အဦများ ရှင်းလင်းရေး အကူအညီလို" [Earthquake kills over 100 at Kyaukse Dam, needs help clearing collapsed buildings]. Mizzima (in Burmese). 1 April 2025. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
78. ^ "ကျောက်ဆည် Bright Kids school ပြိုကျမှု သေဆုံးသူ ၅၀ ကျော်ထိရှိလာပြီး ကယ်ဆယ်ရေးများ ဆက်လက် လုပ်ဆောင်နေ၊ မန္တလေး အမြောက်တန်းဗလီ ပြိုကျမှု ရုပ်အလောင်း ၁၂၀ ကျော် တွေ့ရှိထား". Khit Thit Media (in Burmese). 30 March 2025. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
79. ^ "Myanmar earthquake leaves Sagaing in ruins as death toll surpasses 100". Myanmar Now. 2 April 2025. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
80. ^ "အင်အားပြင်း ငလျင်ကြောင့် စစ်ကိုင်းမြို့တွင် သေဆုံးသူ ၂၀၀ ကျော် ရှိလာပြီး ပိတ်မိနေသူများစွာ ကျန်ရှိနေ" [Powerful earthquake kills over 200 in Sagaing, many trapped]. Weekly Eleven. 30 March 2025. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
81. ^ "ငလျင်ကြောင့် စစ်ကိုင်းတွင် လူ ၂ ဦးသေဆုံး၊ စစ်ကိုင်းတံတားဟောင်းပြိုကျ၊ တံတားသစ် ဖြတ်သန်းခွင့်ပိတ်" [Earthquake kills 2 in Sagaing, old Sagaing bridge collapses, new bridge closed]. Democratic Voice of Burma (in Burmese). 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
82. ^ a b "စစ်ကိုင်းတစ်မြို့လုံး ၈၀ ရာခိုင်နှုန်း ပြိုကျပျက်စီးပြီး လတ်တလောသေဆုံးသူ စာရင်း ၅၀ နီးပါး အတည်ပြုနိုင်ကာ ထိခိုက်သေဆုံးသူ ရာချီ ရှိနိုင်ကာ ကယ်ဆယ်ရေးလုပ်မည့်သူမရှိ၊ မီးသတ်ဌာနတစ်ခုလုံး ပြိုကျပျက်စီးနေ" [80% of entire Sagaing town collapsed, death toll currently at 50 with hundreds more casualties expected as no rescue efforts, one fire station collapsed trapping fire department.]. Khit Thit Media (in Burmese). 29 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
83. ^ a b "ငလျင်ဒဏ်ကြောင့် သေဆုံးသူ ၁၆၀၀ ကျော်အနက် မန္တလေးတိုင်းတွင် အများဆုံးဖြစ်နေ" [Earthquake damage increases death toll past 1600, Mandalay Region most hit]. Myanmar Now (in Burmese). 30 March 2025.
84. ^ "Myanmar's junta chief arrives for Bangkok summit as quake toll surpasses 3,000". France 24. 3 April 2025. Retrieved 3 April 2025.
85. ^ a b c "ငလျင်ဘေးသင့်ပြီး နာရီပိုင်းအကြာအထိ လေကြောင်းတိုက်ခိုက်မှုများ စစ်တပ်ဆက်လုပ်" [Hours after earthquake danger subsided, aerial warfare from military continues]. Myanmar Now. 29 March 2025.
86. ^ "မင်းကွန်းမြို့တွင် ငလျင်ဒဏ်ကြောင့် ထိခိုက်သေဆုံးသူများထဲတွင် စစ်ကောင်စီ တပ်သားများလည်းပါဝင်ပြီး ကယ်ဆယ်ရေးများ ဆက်လက် လုပ်ဆောင်နေဆဲဟု ဒေသခံများ ပြောဆို". Khit Thit Media. 29 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
87. ^ "Mandalay hit hardest in powerful Myanmar earthquake with 2,053 people killed". Xinhua News Agency. 4 April 2025. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
88. ^ Nwe, Shwe (29 March 2025). "နေပြည်တော် ဇမ္ဗူသီရိ၌ သေဆုံး ၂၀၄ ဦးရှိ၊ ဝန်ထမ်းအိမ်ရာ အများစုပါ" [204 dead in Nay Pyi Taw's Zambuthiri, most of them in staff housing]. Mizzima. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
89. ^ a b c Phyo, Aung Kyaw (31 March 2025). "ငလျင်ဒဏ်ကြောင့် စစ်ကောင်စီ ဝန်ကြီးဌာနရုံးများ ပျက်စီးမှုကြီးမား၊ ဝန်ထမ်းအမြောက်အမြား နေပြည်တော်ကိုစွန့်ခွာ" [Earthquake causes extensive damage to military council ministry offices, forcing many employees to flee Naypyidaw]. Mizzima. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
90. ^ "မြေငလျင်ကြောင့် သေဆုံးထိခိုက်သူ ၈၀ ဝန်းကျင်ရှိလာ". Radio Free Asia (in Burmese). 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
91. ^ "Breaking News- ငလျင်ကြောင့် နေပြည်တော်လေဆိပ်၏ လေကြောင်းထိန်းသိမ်းရေး တာဝါ ကျိုးကျပြီး တာဝန်ထမ်းဆောင်နေသည့် ဝန်ထမ်းအားလုံး သေဆုံး" [Breaking News: Earthquake causes Naypyidaw Airport's air traffic control tower to collapse, killing all staff on duty]. Khit Thit Media (in Burmese). 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
92. ^ a b c "Earthquake death toll in Myanmar, Thailand surpasses 150". Al Jazeera. 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
93. ^ "Mass casualty earthquake devastates Myanmar, Thailand, trapping dozens and injuring hundreds". Malay Mail. Agence France-Presse. 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
94. ^ Maung Dagon (28 March 2025). "ငလျင်ကြောင့် နေပြည်တော် စစ်ရုံးနှင့် အနီးတစ်ဝိုက်ရှိ ဝန်ထမ်း အိမ်ယာများ ပျက်ဆီးမှုများပြား" [Earthquake causes extensive damage to Nay Pyi Taw military headquarters and surrounding staff housing]. MPA Press (in Burmese). Retrieved 28 March 2025.
95. ^ "Lines of wounded at Myanmar hospital after powerful quake". France 24. 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
96. ^ "ပျဉ်းမနားမြို့တွင် ငလျင်ဒဏ်ကြောင့် သေဆုံးသူ ၈၆ ဦးထိရှိလာပြီး ရုပ်အလောင်း အားလုံး ဆွဲမထုတ်နိုင်သေး၊ အရေးပေါ် ကုသနေရသည့် လူနာ ၅၀၀ ခန့်ရှိ" [Death toll from earthquake damage in Pyimana town reaches 86, bodies still trapped and over 500 wounded being treated]. Khit Thit Media. 29 March 2025.
97. ^ "နေပြည်တော်တွင် ငလျင်ကြောင့် စစ်တပ်အဆောက်အအုံများ ပြိုလဲပြီး စစ်သား ၁၀၀ ဝန်းကျင်သေဆုံးနိုင်ဟုဆို". Khit Thit Media (in Burmese). 31 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
98. ^ a b "ငလျင်သင့် အင်းလေးပြည်သူများ အစားအစာနှင့်ရေ အရေးတကြီးလိုအပ်" [Earthquake-stricken Inle residents urgently need food and water]. Democratic Voice of Burma (in Burmese). 31 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
99. ^ "အင်အားပြင်းငလျင်လှုပ်ခတ်အပြီး သုံးရက်အကြာ အင်းလေးဒေသ၌ သေဆုံးသူ ၉၀နီးပါးရှိလာ". LuduNwayOo. 30 March 2025. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
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101. ^ "ဟိုတယ်အောင်ပန်းပြိုကျမှု မိသားစုဝင် ၆ဦး၏ ရုပ်အလောင်းရှာတွေ့၊ စုစုပေါင်း ရုပ်အလောင်း ၁၁ဦး တွေ့ထား". LuduNwayOo. 30 March 2025. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
102. ^ "ငလျင်လှုပ်ပြီးချိန် လေတပ်က ဗုံးကြဲ၍ ဓနုတပ်ဖွဲ့ဝင် ၇ ဦး သေဆုံး" [Aerial bombing after earthquake kills 7 Danu soldiers]. Myanmar Now.
103. ^ "တောင်ငူမြို့နယ်တွင် ငလျင်ကြောင့် ရွှေတွင်းလုပ်သား ၄၀ ထက်မနည်း သေဆုံး". Mizzima News (in Burmese). 31 March 2025.
104. ^ "ငလျင်ဒဏ်ကြောင့် တောင်ငူ၊ ပျော်ဘွယ်တွင် လူ ၂၁ ဦး သေဆုံး" [Earthquake kills 21 people in Taungoo, Pyaw Bwe]. Mizzima News (in Burmese). 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
105. ^ "ငလျင်လှုပ်ခတ်မှုကြောင့် တောင်ငူဝေဠု၀န်ကျောင်းပြိုကျပြီး စစ်ဘေးရှောင်ကလေး ၂၀ ကျော်ပိတ်မိ" [Earthquake causes Taungoo Weluwan school to collapse, trapping over 20 displaced children]. Yangon Media Group (in Burmese). 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
106. ^ "ဖြူးမြို့တွင် ငလျင်ကြောင့် ကျောင်းဆရာမအပါအဝင် မိသားစုဝင် ၄ ဦး သေဆုံး" [Four members of a family, including a school teacher, die in earthquake in Phyu]. Democratic Voice of Burma (in Burmese). 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
107. ^ Hsu Yee (29 March 2025). "ကျွဲပွဲမြို့တွင် ငလျင်ကြောင့် ကလေးငယ်တစ်ဦးသေဆုံး၊ နေအိမ် ၅၀ ကျော် ထိခိုက်". MPA Press (in Burmese). Retrieved 29 March 2025.
108. ^ "ငလျင်အကူအညီအပေါ် စစ်တပ်က အခွင့်ကောင်းယူ နိုင်ငံရေးအမြတ်မထုတ်ရန် KNU တိုက်တွန်း" [KNU urges military not to take advantage of earthquake aid for political gain]. Democratic Voice of Burma (in Burmese). 31 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
109. ^ "ရန်ကုန်တွင် ငလျင်ဒဏ်ခံစားရသော်လည်း အပျက်အစီးနည်" [Yangon earthquake hits but less damage]. Democratic Voice of Burma (in Burmese). 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
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113. ^ "Séisme en Birmanie : qui était le couple de Français décédé lors du tremblement de terre" [Earthquake in Burma: Who were the French couple who died in the earthquake?] (in French). Huffington Post. 31 March 2025. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
114. ^ "Taiwanese woman dies in Myanmar quake while on way to make donations". Focus Taiwan. 2 April 2025. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
115. ^ "4 Filipinos unaccounted for after Myanmar earthquake". GMA News. 30 March 2025. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
116. ^ "Mag-asawang Filipino nawawala sa Myanmar matapos ang lindol" [Filipino married couple missing in Myanmar following earthquake]. ABS-CBN. 31 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
117. ^ "Japanese adult in Myanmar unaccounted for after quake". The Nation. 31 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
118. ^ a b "Japan medical team arrives in quake-hit Myanmar to offer assistance". Kyodo News. 2 April 2025. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
119. ^ "เจออีก 14 ร่างใต้ซากตึกถล่ม ผู้ว่าฯ กทม. ยืนยันยังไม่ยุติการค้นหา" [Another 14 bodies found under collapsed building rubble, Bangkok governor confirms search not over]. Bangkok Biz News (in Thai). 3 April 2025. Retrieved 3 April 2025.
120. ^ "ศูนย์เอราวัณรายงาน แผ่นดินไหวคร่าแล้ว 19 ชีวิต ตึก สตง.12 จุดอื่นๆ อีก 7". ผู้จัดการ. 31 March 2025.
121. ^ "อัปเดตผลกระทบจากแผ่นดินไหวกทม. บาดเจ็บ 33 ราย เสียชีวิต 18 ราย สูญหาย 78 ราย" [Update on Bangkok earthquake effects – 33 injured, 18 dead, 78 missing]. Hfocus.org (in Thai). 30 March 2025. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
122. ^ "เจออีก 14 ร่างใต้ซากตึกถล่ม ผู้ว่าฯ กทม. ยืนยันยังไม่ยุติการค้นหา" (in Thai). Bangkok Biz News. 2 April 2025.
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125. ^ "เครนก่อสร้างคอนโดย่านบางโพถล่ม หลังแผ่นดินไหว ตาย 1" [Construction crane collapse in Bang Pho after earthquake, 1 dead]. Thai PBS. 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
126. ^ "แผ่นดินไหวทำแผ่นปูนร่วง ทับคนงานดับคาไซต์งาน ก่อสร้างคอนโดมิเนียม" [Earthquake causes concrete slab fall, crushes worker to death at condominium construction site]. Khaosod (in Thai). 28 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
127. ^ "สธ.ตั้ง รพ.สนาม คาดมีคนติดใต้ซากตึก สตง.ถล่ม 80 คน" [MOPH sets up field hospital, 80 estimated trapped under SAO building collapse]. Thai PBS (in Thai). 28 March 2025.
128. ^ a b "169 buildings in Bangkok cracked from the earthquake, no damage". The Nation. 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
129. ^ "สลด! ผู้ป่วยโรคหัวใจวิ่งหนีแผ่นดินไหวลงจากคอนโด ช็อกเสียชีวิต" [Agony! Heart disease patient escapes earthquake down from condo, is shocked, dies]. PPTVHD36 (in Thai). 28 March 2025. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
130. ^ "ลุง 65 ปี ช็อกแผ่นดินไหว เสียชีวิต" [65-year-old uncle dies from earthquake shock]. Channel 7 (in Thai). 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
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133. ^ "กรุงเทพฯ สาหัส! ทุกเส้นรถติดหนัก รัชดาอัมพาต 3 ชม.ไม่ขยับ หลังปิด 'รถไฟฟ้าทุกสาย'" [Bangkok critical! Traffic jams on every road, Ratchada paralyzed for 3 hours, after the suspension of 'all rapid transit lines']. 28 March 2025.
134. ^ "Thai quake death toll reaches 17 with 77 missing, monorail still halted". Bangkok Post. 30 March 2025.
135. ^ a b c d "Myanmar earthquake death toll soars past 1,000 as Thailand scrambles to rescue trapped Bangkok workers". CNN. 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
136. ^ "UPDATE สถานการณ์จากเหตุแผ่นดินไหว วันที่ 31 มีนาคม 2568 เวลา 19.00 น." Prd.go.th. 31 March 2025. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
137. ^ "Bangkok governor urges owners of 11,000 buildings to check safety". The Nation. 30 March 2025. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
138. ^ "Over 3,000 govt buildings affected by earthquake, 34 severely damaged". The Nation. 2 April 2025. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
139. ^ "รพ.สธ. 63 แห่งรับผลกระทบแผ่นดินไหว เศร้า! เด็ก 1 เดือนป่วยวิกฤตดับระหว่างอพยพ" [63 MOPH hospitals face earthquake effects. Sadness! Critically ill 1-month-old dies during evacuation]. Hfocus.org (in Thai). 28 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
140. ^ Tanraksa, Poramet; Tangprasert, Prasit; Natanri, Chakkrapan (28 March 2025). "Tremors felt in North, Northeast". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
141. ^ "Deadly earthquake forces Thai patients into sports hall". Bangkok Post. Agence France-Presse. 29 March 2025. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
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143. ^ "คอนโดเชียงใหม่ รพ.สวนดอก ผนังร้าว ห้ามไม่ให้เข้าตึก". Prachachat Business (in Thai). 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
144. ^ "ปภ.เผยความคืบหน้าการให้ความช่วยเหลือเหตุแผ่นดินไหว สั่งพื้นที่เร่งสำรวจและให้ความช่วยเหลือ หากงบประมาณไม่เพียงให้ขอขยายวงเงินทันที" [DDPM gives updates on earthquake relief, instructs local authorities to press on with surveys and assistance, if hitting budget limits to request extensions immediately]. Royal Thai Government (in Thai). 30 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
"ลดระดับแผ่นดินไหวสาธารณภัยเป็นระดับ 2 – กทม.แนะเลี่ยง 2 เส้นทาง" [Earthquake disaster level reduced to 2 – BMA advises avoiding 2 routes]. Thai PBS (in Thai). 30 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
145. ^ "Authorities rush to inspect quake damage to historical sites". The Nation. 29 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
146. ^ "คานคอนกรีตก่อสร้างทางรถไฟเชียงรายถล่ม ทับรถยนต์พัง 6 คัน" [Concrete beams in Chiang Rai railway construction collapse, crushing 6 motor vehicles]. Thai PBS (in Thai). Retrieved 30 March 2025.
147. ^ "236 aftershocks recorded since Friday's earthquake in Myanmar". The Nation. 30 March 2025.
148. ^ "缅甸发生7.9级地震：云南多地有震感，瑞丽有房屋受损、人员受伤". China National Radio. 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
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161. ^ "ভূমিকম্পে কেঁপে উঠল বসিরহাটের বিভিন্ন এলাকা, ঘর ছেড়ে রাস্তায় বাসিন্দারা". আজকাল. 28 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
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163. ^ "দেশের বিভিন্ন স্থানে ভূমিকম্প অনুভূত, উৎপত্তিস্থল মিয়ানমারে মাত্রা ৭.৩" [Tremors felt across the country, magnitude 7.3 in epicenter Myanmar]. Samakal (in Bengali). 28 March 2025.
164. ^ "Earthquake shakes Dhaka, other parts of Bangladesh". The Daily Star. 28 March 2025.
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179. ^ "မန္တလေးမှာ ၄၀၃ ဦး ကယ်ထုတ်နိုင်ပြီ" [403 people have been rescued in Mandalay] (in Burmese). BBC News. 1 April 2025. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
180. ^ "မန္တလေးက ငလျင်ဒဏ်သင့် အထပ်မြင့်တိုက်များ ဖောက်ထွင်းခံနေရ" [Earthquake-hit high-rise buildings in Mandalay are being demolished]. Democratic Voice of Burma (in Burmese). 2 April 2025. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
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183. ^ "စစ်ကိုင်းမြို့တွင် သေဆုံးသူများကို မဖော်နိုင်သေးသဖြင့် အပုပ်နံ့များ ထွက်လာ" [A foul smell rises in Sagaing as bodies still unaccounted for]. Democratic Voice of Burma. 2 April 2025. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
184. ^ "နေပြည်တော် အိမ်အပြိုများကြား ပိမိနေသူများကို လက်ရှိအချိန်ထိ ဆွဲထုတ်မရသေး". Mizzima News (in Burmese). 29 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
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186. ^ Htun, Zeyar; Wong, Tessa (2 April 2025). "The man mourning 170 loved ones lost in Myanmar's earthquake". BBC. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
187. ^ "တောင်ငူမြို့ ငလျင်သင့်နေရာအချို့ ကယ်ဆယ်ရေးမဝင်နိုင်သေး" [Rescuers still unable to reach some earthquake-hit areas in Taungoo]. Karen Information Center (in Burmese). 3 April 2025. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
188. ^ "ငလျင်လှုပ်ခတ်ပြီးနောက် ရန်ကုန်တွင် ဖုန်းလိုင်းများ ဆိုးရွားစွာပြတ်တောက်" [Phone lines severely disrupted in Yangon after earthquake]. Democratic Voice of Burma (in Burmese). 29 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
189. ^ "ပုသိမ်တွင် လျှပ်စစ်မီးမရသဖြင့် ရေရရှိရန် ခက်ခဲနေ" [Pathein has difficulty obtaining water due to lack of electricity]. Democratic Voice of Burma. 1 April 2025. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
190. ^ "ငလျင်ဘေးသင့်ဒေသ၌ စစ်ကောင်စီက လေကြောင်းတိုက်ခိုက်၊ မြေပြင်စစ်ကြောင်းထိုး" [Military council launches airstrikes, ground offensive in quake-hit region]. Democratic Voice of Burma (in Burmese). 4 April 2025. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
191. ^ "မြန်မာပြည်သူများအားလုံး အတိဒုက္ခရောက်နေသည့် ငလျင်လှုပ်ခတ်ပြီးနောက် စစ်ကောင်စီက KNU ဌာနချုပ်အနီး ၊ စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်း၊ ရှမ်းမြောက်နှင့်ပဲခူးတိုင်းတို့ကို လေကြောင်းတိုက်ခိုက်မှုများ လုပ်ဆောင်" [During troubling times for all Myanmar people, junta conducts aerial attacks on KNU HQ, Sagaing Region, North Shan and Bago Regions]. 29 March 2025.
192. ^ "Myanmar anti-coup fighters call partial ceasefire for quake relief". Channel NewsAsia. Agence France-Presse. 30 March 2025. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
193. ^ "NUG က ငလျင်ဒဏ်ကယ်ဆယ်ရေးအတွက် နှစ်ပတ် အပစ်ရပ်ထားသော်လည်း ပေါက်မြို့နယ်အတွင်းတွင် စစ်တပ်က စစ်ရဟတ်ယာဉ်ဖြင့် ဗုံးကျဲပစ်ခတ်တိုက်ခိုက်" [Despite NUG 2-week ceasefire to aid with earthquake relief, military uses helicopters to continue bombings in Pauk Township]. 30 March 2025.
194. ^ "ငလျင်ဒဏ်ခံခဲ့ရသည့် စဉ့်ကူးမြို့နယ်၌ စစ်ကောင်စီတပ်က လေကြောင်းတိုက်ခိုက်" [Military council launches airstrikes in earthquake-hit Singu Township]. Democratic Voice of Burma (in Burmese). 1 April 2025. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
195. ^ "အရပ်သားကျေးရွာများကို စစ်ကောင်စီက ဗုံးကြဲတိုက်ခိုက်နေ၍ ကျောက်ဖြူရှိ စစ်ကောင်စီတပ်စခန်းကို AA ထိုးစစ်ဆင်တိုက်ခိုက်" [Local villages continue being bombed by SAC, AA sieges SAC military outpost]. Narinjara.
196. ^ "ပုဏ္ဏားကျွန်းဆေးရုံကို စစ်ကောင်စီက အတွဲလိုက်ဒုံးဖြင့် ပစ်ခတ်၍ အဆောင်အချို့ ပျက်စီး" [Ponnakyun Hospital bombed by cluster missiles, destroyed]. Narinjara.
197. ^ "Myanmar junta admits to firing on Chinese Red Cross aid convoy". Myanmar Now. 2 April 2025. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
198. ^ Taha, Rana (28 March 2025). "Powerful earthquake hits Myanmar, felt in Bangkok". DW News. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
199. ^ a b c "Myanmar quake death toll expected to rise as junta seeks aid". Bloomberg News, Reuters. 29 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
200. ^ "Earthquake in Myanmar felt in Thailand". The Nation. 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
201. ^ a b "Quake-hit Bangkok declared disaster area". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
202. ^ "อัปเดตเช้านี้ รถไฟฟ้า BTS-MRT กลับมาเปิดให้บริการ หลังเกิดเหตุ "แผ่นดินไหว"" [Update this morning: BTS-MRT back in service after earthquake]. Thai Rath (in Thai). 29 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
203. ^ "รถไฟฟ้า "สายสีเหลือง" เตรียมเปิดให้บริการเที่ยงวันนี้ ส่วน "สายสีชมพู" ยังปิด" ["Yellow Line" to resume operations today at noon while "Pink Line" still closed]. Thai Rath (in Thai). 30 March 2025. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
204. ^ "รถไฟฟ้าสายสีชมพู เปิดให้บริการวันนี้ 06.00 น.เว้นสถานีมีนบุรี" [Pink Line to open today 6 AM except Min Buri station]. Thai PBS (in Thai). Retrieved 31 March 2025.
205. ^ Walker, Tommy (29 March 2025). "Thailand quake rescue efforts a race against time". DW News. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
206. ^ ANSS. "M 4.1 – 4 km NE of Sagaing, Burma (Myanmar) 2025". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
207. ^ "ငလျင်ဘေး ၄ ရက်ကျော်ကြာ ပိတ်မိ ပျောက်ဆုံးနေသူများအတွက် ပိုမိုစိုးရိမ်လာရ" [Fears grow for those trapped and missing after more than 4 days of earthquake] (in Burmese). Myanmar Now. 1 April 2025. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
208. ^ Rob Picheta; Ross Adkin; Lex Harvey; Edward Szekeres; Hassan Tayir; Todd Symons (28 March 2025). "Live updates: Myanmar earthquake magnitude 7.7, tremors felt in Thailand". CNN. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
209. ^ Parry, Richard Lloyd; Thurston, Joshua (28 March 2025). "Myanmar earthquake latest: tremors felt 640 miles away in Bangkok". The Times. London. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
210. ^ "မန္တလေး၊နေပြည်တော်၊ စစ်ကိုင်းတို့ရှိ ဆေးရုံများတွင် ငလျင်ဒဏ်ကြောင့် ဒဏ်ရာရရှိလူနာများပြားနေပြီး သွေးအလှူရှင်များလိုအပ်နေ" [Hospitals in Mandalay, Nay Pyi Taw, and Sagaing are experiencing a high number of earthquake-injured patients and are in need of blood donors.]. Eleven Media Group (in Burmese). 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
211. ^ "Help Comes Slowly for War-Torn City in Myanmar Hit by Earthquake". The New York Times. 31 March 2025.
212. ^ "Over 200 bodies recovered from three mosques in Sagaing Region unable to receive traditional Islamic burial". Democratic Voice of Burma. 31 March 2025.
213. ^ "ရန်ကုန်နှင့် ဧရာဝတီတိုင်းတို့မှ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံမီးသတ်တပ်ဖွဲ့ ရှာဖွေကယ်ဆယ်ရေး(အထူး)တပ်ဖွဲ့ဝင်များ နေပြည်တော်သို့ ထွက်ခွာ" [Myanmar national firefighter special search and rescue brigades from Yangon and Ayeyarwady Region sent to Naypyidaw]. 28 March 2025.
214. ^ "‌ငလျင်ကြောင့် သေဆုံးသူအရေအတွက် စစ်ကောင်စီ ဘာပြောလဲ" [What does the junta say about those dead from earthquake?]. BBC. 28 March 2025.
215. ^ "Opposition National Unity Government calls for international help for Myanmar quake victims". Mizzima News. 28 March 2025.
216. ^ "Earthquake relief efforts underway in National Unity Government controlled territories of central Myanmar". Democratic Voice of Burma. 30 March 2025.
217. ^ Rising, David; Saksornchai, Jintamas (29 March 2025). "Myanmar resistance movement announces partial ceasefire to aid quake relief as death toll tops 1,600". Los Angeles Times.
218. ^ Henschke, Rebecca (29 March 2025). "Myanmar junta continues air strikes after devastating earthquake". BBC.
219. ^ "အပစ်ရပ်ထားသည့်အဖွဲ့များကို ဆက်လက်တိုက်ခိုက်မည်ဟု စစ်ခေါင်းဆောင် တုံ့ပြန်" [Junta leader announces he will continue to attack groups that paused operations]. Mizzima.
220. ^ "‌Myanmar holds minute's silence for more than 2,700 dead in devastating earthquake". France 24. 2 April 2025.
221. ^ "စစ်ကောင်စီက ရက် ၂၀ ကြာ အပစ်ရပ်မည်ဟု ကြေညာပြီးနောက် ၀ိုင်းမော်တွင် စစ်ရေးလှုပ်ရှားသဖြင့် တိုက်ပွဲဖြစ်ပွား၊ အင်းတော်မြို့ကိုလည်း စစ်တပ်က လေယာဉ်ဖြင့် ဗုံးကျဲ" [Military junta announces 20 day ceasefire and then takes military action in Bhamo battle, military also aerial bombs Intaw]. Khit Thit Media (in Burmese). 3 April 2025.
222. ^ "‌Myanmar Junta Declares A Week of National Mourning After Quake". Barron's. 31 March 2025.
223. ^ "‌Myanmar holds minute's silence for more than 2,700 dead in devastating earthquake". France 24. 1 April 2025.
224. ^ "Thai PM calls for calm, aftershock alerts in place". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
225. ^ "First deaths confirmed as 'mass casualty' quake hits Myanmar, Thailand". France 24. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
226. ^ "PM orders committee to investigate the collapse of the SAO building". The Nation. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
227. ^ "Their Majesties take earthquake victims under royal patronage". The Nation. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
228. ^ "กทม.ประกาศเขตประสบสาธารณภัย ระดับ 2 หลังแผ่นดินไหว". Thai PBS (in Thai). Retrieved 28 March 2025.
229. ^ "Bangkok ends disaster zone announcement as overall situation improves". nationthailand. 1 April 2025. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
230. ^ "Myanmar quake toll passes 1,000 as rescuers dig for survivors". France 24. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
231. ^ "Earthquake situation resolved, PM Paetongtarn confirmed". The Nation. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
232. ^ "Suvarnabhumi Airport Deploys Extra Shuttle Buses Amid Post-Earthquake Taxi Shortage". The Nation. 28 March 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
233. ^ "Chatuchak Building Collapse Claims Three Lives". The Nation. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
234. ^ "Thailand's Mental Health Services Mobilised Following Earthquake, Hotline Capacity Tripled". The Nation. 31 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
235. ^ "DDPM updates on earthquake: Tremors felt in 57 provinces". The Nation. 29 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
236. ^ "Thai govt 'slow to react' to tremors". Bangkok Post. 31 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
237. ^ "Probe into State Audit Office collapse to conclude in 7 Days: Anutin". The Nation. 30 March 2025. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
238. ^ "Bangkok on Edge as Aftershocks Trigger Evacuations and Safety Scrutiny". The Nation. 31 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
239. ^ "PM Paetongtarn urges public not to panic after Bangkok tremor". nationthailand. 31 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
240. ^ "Old cracks cause alarm, evacuation of Bangkok buildings". Bangkok Post. 31 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
241. ^ "Thai govt warns over 'earthquake drunk' syndrome". Bangkok Post. 31 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
242. ^ "Thai parliament reports no real earthquake damage, just 'minor cracks'". Bangkok Post. 31 March 2025. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
243. ^ "Earthquake in Thailand – Charter Activations". The International Charter: Space And Major Disasters.
244. ^ "Rescue hopes fading three days after deadly Myanmar quake". France 24. 31 March 2025.
245. ^ "ငလျင်ဒဏ်သင့်ဒေသကို WHO က တန်ချိန် ၆၀ ကျော်ရှိ ဆေးဘက်ဆိုင်ရာအထောက်အပံ့များ ပေးပို့" [WHO sends over 60 tons of medical supplies to earthquake-hit region]. Democratic Voice of Burma (in Burmese). 4 April 2025. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
246. ^ "EU provides €2.5 million in initial emergency aid for people affected by the earthquake in Myanmar". European Commission (Press release). 28 March 2025. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
247. ^ "Secretary-General of ASEAN addresses aftermath of the earthquake in Myanmar and Thailand with CNBC". Association of Southeast Asian Nations. 1 April 2025. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
248. ^ a b "Further humanitarian assistance to Myanmar". Minister for Foreign Affairs, Senator the Hon Penny Wong. 2 April 2025. Retrieved 3 April 2025.
249. ^ "Myanmar Earthquake [Overview]". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia. Retrieved 3 April 2025.
250. ^ "Caritas Australia launches Myanmar earthquake appeal". Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne. 31 March 2025. Retrieved 3 April 2025.
251. ^ "Bangladesh sends emergency relief to quake-hit Myanmar". The Daily Star. 30 March 2025. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
252. ^ "Bangladesh sends second aid package to Myanmar quake victims". The Daily Star. 1 April 2025. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
253. ^ "Cambodia to provide 100,000 USD in initial emergency aid to quake-devastated Myanmar". Xinhua News Agency. 31 March 2025.
254. ^ "China to provide quake-stricken Myanmar with US$13.8 million in aid, sends 82 rescuers". Channel NewsAsia. Reuters. 29 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
255. ^ a b "တရုတ်၊ရုရှားအပြင် နိုင်ငံတကာကယ်ဆယ်ရေးအဖွဲ့တွေ မြန်မာပြည်ကိုလာနေ" [International relief teams, including China and Russia, are coming to Myanmar]. MPA Press (in Burmese). 29 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
256. ^ Hannon, Brian P. D. (30 March 2025). "Medical supplies in great need as international assistance flows into Myanmar after earthquake". Associated Press.
257. ^ "Myanmar earthquake: India to send 15 tonnes of relief material". The Economic Times. 29 March 2025.
258. ^ Ray, Kalyan (29 March 2025). "India intensifies relief efforts under 'Operation Brahma' as Myanmar reels from earthquake". Deccan Herald.
259. ^ "Live Updates: Death Toll Exceeds 3,000; Indian Army field hospital begins operations; 70 Aftershocks Within a Week and more". The Irrawaddy. 3 April 2025. Retrieved 3 April 2025.
260. ^ Santoso, Anton; Marison, Walda; Sulistiyandari, Resinta (31 March 2025). "Indonesia sends 12 tons of aid to Myanmar earthquake victims". Antara. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
261. ^ Sinaga, Yuni Arisandy; Dewi K, Hana; Sulistiyandari, Resinta (1 April 2025). "Baznas sends emergency supplies to support Myanmar earthquake recovery". Antara. Retrieved 3 April 2025.
262. ^ Sinaga, Yuni Arisandy; Marison, Walda; Difa, Yashinta (1 April 2025). "Indonesia dispatches SAR team to earthquake-stricken Myanmar". Antara. Retrieved 3 April 2025.
263. ^ Fabian, Emanuel. "Israel to send search and rescue delegation to Thailand after deadly earthquake". The Times of Israel. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
264. ^ "IsraAID deploys emergency team in wake of Myanmar and Thailand Earthquake". ISRAAID. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
265. ^ "Japan to send medical team to Myanmar". NHK World. 1 April 2025. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
266. ^ "Laos sends 33 officers to Myanmar for earthquake relief efforts". Vietnam News Agency. 1 April 2025. Retrieved 3 April 2025 - via Vietnam+.
267. ^ "Laos Sends Team To Aid In Myanmar Earthquake". Xinhua News Agency. 1 April 2025. Archived from the original on 3 April 2025. Retrieved 3 April 2025 - via Bernama.
268. ^ "'Saving lives comes first': SMART team joins Myanmar SAR mission, sacrifices Raya with families". Malay Mail. Bernama. 30 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
269. ^ "Malaysia will provide US$2.3 million in earthquake aid to Myanmar: PM Anwar". Channel NewsAsia. 30 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
270. ^ "International aid flows to Myanmar after devastating earthquake". The Nation. 30 March 2025.
271. ^ "Pakistan gears up to send 70 tonnes of relief goods as Myanmar quake kills over 2,700". Dawn. 1 April 2025.
272. ^ "Pakistan sends 35 tonnes of relief supplies to quake-hit Myanmar". The News International. 1 April 2025.
273. ^ Cuadra, Bea (1 April 2025). "PH sends rescue team to help Myanmar search for quake survivors". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
274. ^ Pashkova, Liliya (28 March 2025). "Россия отправила спасателей в пострадавшую от землетрясения Мьянму" [Russia sends rescuers to earthquake-hit Myanmar]. rbc.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 31 March 2025.
275. ^ "ငလျင်ဒဏ်သင့် မန္တလေးတွင် ရုရှားကယ်ဆယ်ရေးအဖွဲ့က ရွှေ့ပြောင်းလေကြောင်းဆေးရုံ ၁ ခု ဖွင့်" [Russian rescue team opens mobile air hospital in earthquake-hit Mandalay]. Reuters (in Burmese). Democratic Voice of Burma. 3 April 2025. Retrieved 3 April 2025.
276. ^ "SCDF deploys 80-member Operation Lionheart rescue team to assist quake-hit Myanmar". CNA. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
277. ^ Sang-soo, Park (29 March 2025). "S. Korea to offer US$2 mln in humanitarian aid to Myanmar over disastrous quake". Yonhap News Agency.
278. ^ AECID (1 April 2025). "España se une a la respuesta internacional a favor de las personas damnificadas por el terremoto de Myanmar movilizando dos millones de euros" [Spain joins the international response to aid victims of the Myanmar earthquake by mobilising two million euros]. ReliefWeb (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 April 2025.
279. ^ "Sri Lanka pledges USD 1 million aid to Myanmar". Newswire.lk. 2 April 2025. Retrieved 3 April 2025.
280. ^ "2025 මාර්තු 28 දින ලොවම කම්පා කරමින් සිදුවූ භූ කම්පනයෙන් මියන්මාරය මහත් ව්‍යසනයකට මුහුණදෙනු ලැබුවා" [Myanmar faced a major disaster after the earthquake that shook the world on 28 March 2025]. Sri Dalada Maligawa (in Sinhala). 2 April 2025. Retrieved 3 April 2025.
281. ^ Li-yun, Huang; Yu-chen, Lai; Chih-wei, Hsu; Hsin-hui, Lu; Yen-hsiang, Chao (30 March 2025). "Taiwanese rescue personnel on standby after massive quake in Myanmar". Focus Taiwan.
282. ^ Younger, Hollie (31 March 2025). "Myanmar turns down Taiwan quake rescue offer". Taipei Times. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
283. ^ Li-yun, Huang; Chih-wei, Hsu; Po-yang, Hsiao; Hong-kuo, Wang; Yeh, Joseph (31 March 2025). "Taiwan disbands standby rescue team to help Myanmar after earthquake". Central News Agency (Taiwan).
284. ^ Chieh-ling, Chen; Hsiung-feng, Chang; Chih-liang, Chang; Hsien-feng, Lee; Liu, Kay (30 March 2025). "Taiwan Red Cross to donate US$50,000 to earthquake-hit Myanmar". Focus Taiwan.
285. ^ Yeh, Joseph (30 March 2025). "Taiwanese remains trapped in collapsed Myanmar hotel". Focus Taiwan.
286. ^ "Thai military to aid search and rescue in Myanmar". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
287. ^ Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office and Baroness Chapman of Darlington (29 March 2025). "UK Government announces a package of up to £10 million support to help the people of Myanmar following recent earthquake". gov.uk.
288. ^ Jonathan Landay; Daphne Psaledakis (28 March 2025). "Remaining USAID staff fired, Trump says Myanmar will still get earthquake aid". Reuters.
289. ^ "Earthquake compounds Myanmar's humanitarian crisis as the death toll passes 2,000". Associated Press. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
290. ^ "With US absent, China steps in for earthquake-hit Myanmar". Reuters. Channel News Asia. 4 April 2025. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
291. ^ "US military personnel join rescue operation in Bangkok". The Nation. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
292. ^ "Vietnam's rescue forces arrive in Myanmar for earthquake relief mission". Vietnam News Agency. 30 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025 - via Vietnam+.
293. ^ "Vietnam's Ministry of Public Security team begins rescue operations in Myanmar". Vietnam News Agency. 31 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025 - via Vietnam+.
294. ^ "Vietnam offers $300,000 emergency aid for Myanmar earthquake". Vietnam News Agency. 30 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025 - via VnExpress.

## Content attribution

[edit]

* This article incorporates public domain material from Earthquake Hazards Program. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 28 March 2025.

## External links

[edit]

* Media related to 2025 Myanmar earthquake at Wikimedia Commons

* v
* t
* e

← Earthquakes in 2025

January|

* Awash, Ethiopia (5.7, January 4)
* Tibet, China (7.1, January 7) †
* Tainan, Taiwan (6.0, January 20)

February|

* Metehara, Ethiopia (5.9, February 14)

March|

* Sagaing, Myanmar (7.7, March 28) †‡

* † indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
* ‡ indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
* Dates for all earthquakes are in UTC

* v
* t
* e

Earthquakes and plate tectonics in Myanmar

Pre-20th century|

* 1762 Rahkine
* 1839 Innwa
* 1858 Prome

20th century|

* 1912 Taunggyi
* 1930 Bago
* 1930 Pyu
* 1931 Myitkyina
* 1946 Sagaing
* 1950 Assam–Tibet
* 1956 Sagaing
* 1975 Bagan
* 1976 Yunnan
* 1988 Myanmar–India
* 1988 Lancang–Gengma
* 1995 Menglian
* 1997 Chittagong

21st century|

* 2003 Taungdwingyi
* 2004 Indian Ocean
* 2009 Coco Islands
* 2011 Yingjiang
* 2011 Tarlay
* 2012 Thabeikkyin
* 2016 Imphal
* 2016 Chauk
* 2016 Kani
* 2025 Sagaing

Fault zones and tectonic plates|

* Sagaing Fault
* Kyaukkyan Fault
* Three Pagodas Fault
* West Andaman Fault
* Kabaw Fault
* Sunda megathrust
* Main Himalayan Thrust
* Main Frontal Thrust
* Burma plate
* Sunda plate
* Indian plate
* Eurasian plate

* v
* t
* e

Earthquakes in China

Historical|

* 1038 Dingxiang
* 1290 Chihli (Inner Mongolia)
* 1303 Hongdong, Shanxi
* 1536 Xichang, Sichuan
* 1556 Shaanxi
* 1604 Quanzhou, Fujian
* 1605 Guangdong
* 1626 Lingqiu, Shanxi
* 1654 Tianshui, Gansu
* 1668 Tangcheng, Shandong
* 1679 Beijing, Hebei
* 1695 Linfen, Shanxi
* 1709 Zhongwei
* 1718 Tongwei, Gansu
* 1733 Dongchuan, Yunnan
* 1738 Dangjiang, Qinghai
* 1739 Yinchuan–Pingluo, Ningxia
* 1786 Kangding-Luding, Sichuan
* 1815 Pinglu, Shanxi
* 1830 Cixian, Hebei
* 1833 Kunming, Yunnan
* 1850 Xichang, Sichuan
* 1879 Wudu, Gansu
* 1889 Chilik, Xinjiang

20th century|

* 1902 Kashgar, Xinjiang
* 1906 Manas, Xinjiang
* 1913 Eshan, Yunnan
* 1918 Shantou, Guangdong
* 1920 Haiyuan, Ningxia
* 1923 Renda, Sichuan
* 1925 Dali, Yunnan
* 1927 Gulang, Gansu
* 1931 Fuyun, Xinjiang
* 1932 Changma, Gansu
* 1933 Diexi, Sichuan
* 1936 Lingshan, Guangxi
* 1937 Heze, Shandong
* 1947 Assam
* 1948 Litang, Sichuan
* 1950 Assam–Tibet
* 1952 Damxung, Tibet
* 1955 Kangding, Sichuan
* 1955 Yuzha, Sichuan
* 1966 Xingtai, Hebei
* 1969 Bohai Sea
* 1969 Yangjiang, Guangdong
* 1970 Tonghai, Yunnan
* 1973 Luhuo, Sichuan
* 1974 Zhaotong, Yunnan
* 1975 Haicheng, Liaoning
* 1976 Longling, Yunnan
* 1976 Tangshan, Hebei
* 1976 Songpan–Pingwu, Sichuan
* 1981 Dawu, Sichuan
* 1983 Heze, Shandong
* 1985 Luquan, Yunnan
* 1985 Wuqia, Xinjiang
* 1988 Lancang–Gengma, Yunnan
* 1990 Gonghe, Qinghai
* 1994 Taiwan Strait
* 1995 Menglian, Yunnan
* 1995 Wuding, Yunnan
* 1996 Lijiang, Yunnan
* 1996 Baotou, Inner Mongolia
* 1997 Jiashi, Xinjiang
* 1997 Manyi, Tibet
* 1998 Zhangbei-Shanyi, Hebei
* 1998 Ninglang, Yunnan
* 2000 Yao'an, Yunnan

21st century|

* 2001 Kunlun
* 2003 Bachu, Xinjiang
* 2003 Dayao, Yunnan
* 2003 Zhaosu, Xinjiang
* 2005 Ruichang, Jiangxi
* 2006 Yanjin, Yunnan
* 2008 Wenchuan, Sichuan
* 2008 Yingjiang, Yunnan
* 2008 Panzhihua, Sichuan
* 2008 Damxung, Tibet
* 2009 Qapqal, Xinjiang
* 2009 Yao'an, Yunnan
* 2010 Yushu, Qinghai
* 2011 Yingjiang, Yunnan
* 2011 Myanmar
* 2012 Yangzhou, Jiangsu
* 2012 Zhaotong, Yunnan
* 2013 Lushan, Sichuan
* 2013 Dingxi, Gansu
* 2014 Yutian, Xinjiang
* 2014 Yingjiang, Yunnan
* 2014 Ludian, Yunnan
* 2014 Jinggu, Yunnan
* 2014 Kangding, Sichuan
* 2015 Pishan, Xinjiang
* 2017 Taxkorgan, Xinjiang
* 2017 Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan
* 2017 Jinghe, Xinjiang
* 2019 Changning, Sichuan
* 2020 Kashgar, Xinjiang
* 2020 Qiaojia, Yunnan
* 2021 Dali, Yunnan
* 2021 Maduo, Qinghai
* 2021 Luxian, Sichuan
* 2022 Menyuan, Qinghai
* 2022 Ya'an, Sichuan
* 2022 Luding, Sichuan
* 2023 Jishishan, Gansu
* 2024 Uqturpan, Xinjiang
* 2025 Tingri, Tibet

By province|

* Sichuan
* Yunnan

Organizations|

* China Meteorological Administration
* China Earthquake Administration
* China Earthquake Networks Center
* China Geological Survey
* China International Search and Rescue Team

*[USGS]: United States Geological Survey
*[Max.]: Maximum
*[c.]: circa
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