Agencies of the European Union

Distinct body of the European Union

This article is part of a series on

Politics of the European Union

Member states (27)

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden

* * *

Candidate countries

* Albania
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Georgia
* Moldova
* Montenegro
* North Macedonia
* Serbia
* Ukraine

* * *

Countries with suspended accession negotiations

* Turkey

* * *

Applicant countries

* Kosovo

* * *

* Special territories
* Belgium–Germany relations
* France–Germany relations
* Germany–Netherlands relations
* EU 3
* Withdrawal from the European Union

* * *

Treaties and Declarations

* Schuman Declaration (1950)
* Treaty of Paris (1951)
* Europe Declaration (1951)
* Spaak Report (1956)
* Treaty of Rome (1957)
* Euratom Treaty (1957)
* Merger Treaty (1965)
* Solemn Declaration (1983)
* Single European Act (1986)
* Maastricht Treaty (1992)
* Treaty of Amsterdam (1997)
* Treaty of Nice (2001)
* Berlin Declaration (2007)
* Treaty of Lisbon (2007)
* Article 7
* Article 50

* * *

Opt-outs

* * *

Treaties of accession

1972, 1979, 1985, 1994, 2003, 2005, 2011

* * *

Treaties of succession

1984, 2020

* * *

Other treaties

* Schengen Agreement (1985)
* European Economic Area Agreement (1992)

* * *

Abandoned treaties and agreements

* European Constitution (2004)
* UK membership renegotiation (2015–2016)

Executive institutions

European Council

* President: Michel (ALDE)
* Parties
* List of meetings

* * *

European Commission

* Von der Leyen Commission
* President: Von der Leyen (EPP)
* Vice Presidents
* College of Commissioners
* Civil Service
* Secretary-General:  Juhansone

Legislative institutions

* Legislative procedure

* * *

Council of the EU

Presidency

Belgium

(January–June 2024)

* * *

Configurations

* GAC
* FAC
* ECOFIN
* Eurogroup
* AGRIFISH
* EPSCO
* COMPET
* TTE
* ENVI
* JHA
* EYC

* * *

* Voting
* Secretariat
* Secretary-General: Thérèse Blanchet
* Directorates-general
* COREPER

* * *

European Parliament
(Members)

* President: Metsola
* Largest groups
* EPP (Manfred Weber)
* S&D (Iratxe García)
* Member of the European Parliament
* 9th session (2019–2024)
* Bureau
* Vice Presidents
* Quaestor
* Conference

* * *

National parliaments

Judicial institutions

Court of Justice of the EU

* European Court of Justice
* Members
* Advocates General
* Rulings
* General Court

Auditory institutions

European Court of Auditors

* European Court of Auditors

* * *

Other auditory bodies

* Internal Audit Service of the Commission
* Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament
* Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council
* Anti-Fraud Office
* Public Prosecutor's Office

European Central Bank

* President Lagarde
* ESCB
* EMU
* Euro banknotes
* Euro coins

Other bodies

European Investment Bank Group

* Investment Bank
* Investment Fund
* EIB Institute

* * *

European Stability Mechanism

* European Stability Mechanism

* * *

European University Institute

* European University Institute

* * *

Unified Patent Court

* Unified Patent Court

* * *

Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings

* Decentralised agencies of the EU
* Single market agencies
* CFSP agencies
* AFSC agencies
* ESFS European Supervisory Authorities
* SRM bodies
* Executive agencies of the EU
* Euratom agencies
* Decentralised independent bodies of the EU
* European Institute of Innovation and Technology
* European Public Prosecutor's Office
* Corporate bodies of the EU
* European Data Protection Board
* Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations
* Joint undertakings
* of the EU
* of the Euratom

* * *

Other independent bodies

* European Data Protection Supervisor
* European Ombudsman

* * *

Advisory bodies

* European Committee of the Regions
* European Economic and Social Committee
* Political and Security Committee
* European Union Military Committee
* EU/ESA Space Council

* * *

Inter-institutional bodies

* Publications Office of the European Union
* European External Action Service
* European Personnel Selection Office
* Anti-Fraud Office
* European Administrative School

Euratom

Euratom members

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden

* * *

Associated states

* Switzerland
* United Kingdom

* * *

* Nuclear power in the European Union

Euratom since 1 January 2021

Economic and Monetary Union

Eurozone members

* Austria
* Belgium
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* Portugal
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain

* * *

Eurogroup

* President
* Paschal Donohoe

* * *

Other currencies in use

* Bulgarian lev
* Czech koruna
* Danish krone
* Hungarian forint
* Polish złoty
* Romanian leu
* Swedish krona

* * *

* ERM II
* Enlargement of the eurozone

* * *

Non Euro countries relationship to Euro

* Bulgaria
* Czechia
* Denmark
* Hungary
* Poland
* Sweden
* Romania

Eurozone since 2015

Schengen Area

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden

* * *

Non-EU members

* Iceland
* Liechtenstein
* Norway
* Switzerland

* * *

* Prüm Convention
* Schengen Information System
* Visa Information System
* Visa policy of the Schengen Area

* * *

Non-Schengen area EU member states

* Cyprus
* Ireland (Opt-out)

Schengen Area from January 2023

European Economic Area

EEA members

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia (provisional member)
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden

* * *

Non-EU members

* Iceland
* Liechtenstein
* Norway

* * *

Topics

* EEA Joint Committee
* EEA National Identity cards
* Microstates and the European Union

European Economic Area

Elections

* 1979, 1984, 1989, 1994
1999, 2004, 2009, 2014, 2019
* 2024 (last election)
* European political parties
* Constituencies

* * *

Elections in EU member states

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden

* * *

* Referendums relating to the EU

Law

* Acquis
* Primacy (ECJ Case 6/64)
* Subsidiarity
* Regulation
* Directive
* Decision
* Recommendation
* Fundamental Rights

Policies and issues

* Budget
* Customs Union
* Free Trade Agreements
* European Single Market
* Area of FS&J
* Policies
* Agricultural
* Energy
* Fisheries
* Regional
* Citizenship
* Passports of the European Union
* Identity
* Pro-Europeanism
* Euroscepticism
* European banking union
* European Banking Supervision
* Single Resolution Mechanism
* Capital Markets Union
* European System of Financial Supervision
* Integration
* Supranationalism
* European Federation
* Multi-speed Europe
* Enhanced cooperation

Foreign relations

High Representative

* Josep Borrell

* * *

* Ext. Action Service
* Foreign Policy
* Defence Policy

* * *

Foreign relations of EU member states

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden

* * *

* Argentina–European Union relations
* Armenia–European Union relations
* Australia–European Union relations
* Brazil–European Union relations
* Canada–European Union relations
* China–European Union relations
* European Union–NATO relations
* Georgia–European Union relations
* Iceland–European Union relations
* Kazakhstan–European Union relations
* Japan–European Union relations
* Mexico–European Union relations
* Moldova–European Union relations
* Norway–European Union relations
* Russia–European Union relations
* Switzerland–European Union relations
* Turkey–European Union relations
* Ukraine–European Union relations
* United Kingdom–European Union relations (History)
* Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union
* Brexit
* United States–European Union relations

* * *

* Common Travel Area (Ireland)
* Microstates and the European Union
* European Union and the United Nations
* European Union Association Agreement

* * *

* G7
* G20

Defunct bodies

* European Communities (1958–1993)

European Coal and Steel Community
European Economic Community
* European Community
* Western European Union
* Convention on the Future of Europe

European Union portal

* Other countries

* v
* t
* e

The agencies of the European Union (formally: Agencies, decentralised independent bodies, corporate bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom) are bodies of the European Union and the Euratom established as juridical persons through secondary EU legislation and tasked with a specific narrow field of work.[1]

They are distinct from:

* international law juridical persons established through primary (treaty) legislation, either as an EU institution (the European Central Bank) or an EU body of other type (such as the European Investment Bank Group entities, the European University Institute, the European Stability Mechanism or the Unified Patent Court)
* other EU institutions
* other EU bodies lacking juridical personality, including the advisory bodies, the independent offices held by a single person (European Ombudsman, European Data Protection Supervisor), and the (non-independent, auxiliary) EU inter-institutional services, regardless whether established through treaty or secondary legislation
* the pan-EU organisational forms which are not considered constituent bodies of the EU or the Euratom, regardless whether possessing juridical personality (European Research Infrastructure Consortium, European political party, European political foundation, European grouping of territorial cooperation, Societas Europaea, Societas Cooperativa Europaea) or lacking it (European economic interest grouping)

## Overview[edit]

In contrast to other EU bodies established through secondary legislation, each of more than fifty such entities has its own juridical personality granted by the EU law, recognised across the EU, and in some cases, also across the EEA countries, Switzerland, Serbia, Ukraine, the United Kingdom and Turkey. Nevertheless, in relations with other non-EU third countries, they are in general not recognised as independent entities, thus being considered either parts of the juridical personality of the EU or the Euratom.[1]

Some of the agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom are tasked with answering the need to develop scientific or technical know-how in certain fields, others bring together different interest groups to facilitate dialogue at European and international level.

## Existing agencies[edit]

They are divided into the following groups:[1]

### Decentralised agencies of the EU[edit]

Distinct from the EU institutions, the agencies of the European Union are specialist bodies set up to advise the Institutions and Member States in areas that affect everyone living in the Union.[2] They are located in member states across the EU, providing services, information, and know-how. The total budget of all the decentralised agencies is approximately 0.8% of the EU's annual budget.[3]

#### Single market agencies[edit]

Single market agencies (under the former I Pillar)

Official name  | Abbreviation  | Location  | Member state  | Est. | Members and observers

|
|
|
|
|

European Agency for Safety and Health at Work | EU-OSHA | Bilbao |  Spain | 1994 | members: EU states, European Commission[4]
European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training | Cedefop | Thessaloniki |  Greece | 1975 | members: EU states
observers: Iceland, Norway[5]
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions | EUROFOUND | Dublin |  Ireland | 1975 | members: EU states, European Commission
observers: EFTA[6]
European Environment Agency | EEA | Copenhagen |  Denmark | 1994 | members: EU states, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey[7]
co-operating: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia
European Training Foundation | ETF | Turin |  Italy | 1994 | members: EU states, European Commission[8]
European Medicines Agency | EMA | Amsterdam (since 2019)

London (1995–2019)[a]

|  Netherlands

( UK until 2019)[a]

| 1995 | members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament
observers: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway[10]
European Union Intellectual Property Office[11] | EUIPO[12] | Alicante |  Spain | 1994 | members: EU states, European Commission[13]
Community Plant Variety Office | CPVO | Angers |  France | 1994 | members: EU states, European Commission[14]
Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union | CdT | Luxembourg City |  Luxembourg | 1994 | members: EU states, European Commission[15]
European Food Safety Authority | EFSA | Parma |  Italy | 2002 | members: EU states
observers European Commission, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland
European Maritime Safety Agency | EMSA | Lisbon |  Portugal | 2002 | members: EU states, European Commission, Iceland, Norway[16]
European Aviation Safety Agency | EASA | Cologne |  Germany | 2003 | members: EU states, European Commission, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland[17]
observers: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, UNMIK[18]
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control | ECDC | Stockholm |  Sweden | 2005 | members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament
observers: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway[19]
European Union Agency for the Space Programme | EUSPA | Prague |  Czech Republic | 2021[20] | members: EU states, European Commission
observers: Norway, European Space Agency[21]
European Railway Agency | ERA | Valenciennes and Lille |  France | 2004 | members: EU states, European Commission, Norway[22]
European Fisheries Control Agency | EFCA | Vigo |  Spain | 2005 | members: EU states, European Commission[23]
European Chemicals Agency | ECHA | Helsinki |  Finland | 2007 | members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament
observers: Iceland, Norway[24]
Body of European Regulators of Electronic Communications | BEREC | Riga |  Latvia | 2010 | members: EU states, European Commission[25]
Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators | ACER | Ljubljana |  Slovenia | 2009 |
European Labour Authority | ELA  | Bratislava |  Slovakia | 2019  | members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament[26][27]

#### Common Security and Defence Policy agencies[edit]

Common Security and Defence Policy agencies (under the former II Pillar)

Official name  | Abbreviation  | Location  | Member state  | Est. | Members and observers

|
|
|
|
|

European Defence Agency | EDA | Brussels |  Belgium | 2004 | members: EU states;[28] European Commission
participant: Norway
European Institute for Security Studies | EUISS | Paris |  France | 2001 |
European Union Satellite Centre | SatCen | Torrejón de Ardoz |  Spain | 2002 |

#### Area of freedom, security and justice agencies[edit]

Area of freedom, security and justice agencies (under the former III Pillar)

Official name  | Abbreviation  | Location  | Member state  | Est. | Members and observers

|
|
|
|
|

European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training | CEPOL | Budapest (since 2014)

Bramshill (2005–2014)

|  Hungary

( UK till 2014)

| 2005 | members: EU states without Denmark
associates: Iceland, Norway, Switzerland[29]
European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation | Europol | The Hague |  Netherlands | 1998 | members: EU states
European body for the enhancement of judicial co-operation | Eurojust | The Hague |  Netherlands | 2002 | members: EU states
European Agency for the operational management of large-scale IT Systems in the area of freedom, security and justice[30][31] | eu-LISA[32] | Tallinn[33] |  Estonia | 2012 |
European Border and Coast Guard Agency | Frontex  | Warsaw |  Poland | 2016[34] | members: EU states, except Ireland, Schengen Area states not members of the EU
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction | EMCDDA | Lisbon |  Portugal | 1993 | members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament, Norway
observers: Turkey[35]
European Union Agency for Cybersecurity | ENISA | Athens |  Greece | 2005 | members: EU states[36]
European Union Agency for Asylum | EUAA | Valletta |  Malta | 2011[31] |
European Institute for Gender Equality | EIGE | Vilnius |  Lithuania | 2007 | members: EU states[37]
Fundamental Rights Agency | FRA | Vienna |  Austria | 2007 | members: EU states, European Commission, Council of Europe[38]

#### European supervisory authorities[edit]

European supervisory authorities (of the European System of Financial Supervision)

Official name  | Abbreviation  | Location  | Member state  | Est. | Members and observers

|
|
|
|
|

European Banking Authority | EBA | Paris (since 2019)

London (2011–2019)[a]

|  France

( UK till 2019)[a]

| 2011 | [39]
European Securities and Markets Authority | ESMA | Paris |  France | 2011 | [40]
European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority | EIOPA | Frankfurt |  Germany | 2011 | [41]

#### Banking union (Single Resolution Mechanism) bodies[edit]

Single Resolution Mechanism bodies (of the European banking union)

Official name  | Abbreviation  | Location  | Member state  | Est. | Members and observers

|
|
|
|
|

Single Resolution Board | SRB  | Brussels |  Belgium | 2015  | Eurozone countries, Bulgaria

### Executive agencies of the EU[edit]

Executive agencies are created by European Commission for a fixed period.

Official name  | Abbreviation  | Location

|
|

European Cybersecurity Competence Centre | ECCC | Bucharest[42]
European Innovation Council and Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Executive Agency | EISMEA | Brussels
Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency | EACEA | Brussels
European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency | CINEA | Brussels
Research Executive Agency | REA | Brussels
European Research Council Executive Agency | ERCEA | Brussels
European Health and Digital Executive Agency | HaDEA | Brussels

### Euratom agencies[edit]

Official name  | Abbreviation  | Location

|
|

Euratom Supply Agency | ESA | Luxembourg City

## Decentralised independent secondary-legislation bodies[edit]

The list includes the two decentralised bodies other than agencies, established as EU juridical persons through secondary legislation of the EU/Euratom.

Official name  | Abbreviation  | Location  | Member state  | Members and associates

|
|
|
|

European Institute of Innovation and Technology | EIT | Budapest |  Hungary | Members: EEA countries, Switzerland; associates: the United Kingdom
European Public Prosecutor's Office | EPPO | Luxembourg City[43][44] |  Luxembourg | members: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain

## Other secondary-law corporate bodies[edit]

The list includes the remaining two bodies other than agencies, decentralised bodies or joint undertakings, established as EU juridical persons through secondary legislation of the EU/Euratom.

Official name  | Abbreviation  | Location  | Member state  | Est.

|
|
|
|

European Data Protection Board | EDPB  | Brussels | Belgium  | 2018
Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations | APPF | Brussels[45] | Belgium  | 2014

## Joint undertakings[edit]

A joint undertaking is a juridical person and a subsidiary body of the EU or the Euratom, established through an agreement between the European Commission, the participating member states, and the European industry of a certain field, with the purpose of implementing a public-private partnership project.

### of the European Union[edit]

Official name  | Abbreviation

|

Bio-based Industries | BBI
Clean Sky | CS
Electronic Components and Systems | ECSEL
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen | FCH
High-Performance Computing | EuroHPC
Innovative Medicines Initiative | IMI
Single European Sky Air Traffic Management Research | SESAR
Shift-2-Rail | S2R

### of the Euratom[edit]

Official name  | Abbreviation

|

Fusion for Energy | F4E
Joint European Torus | JET

## Non-existing decentralised bodies[edit]

### Proposed and abandoned[edit]

Name  | Abbreviation  | Fate

|
|

Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority[46] | HERA | eventually established as DG HERA instead

### Transformed or dissolved[edit]

#### Agencies[edit]

Official name  | Abbreviation  | Location  | Member state  | Established  | Abolished  | Fate

|
|
|
|
|
|

European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia | EUMC | Vienna |  Austria | 1997 | 2007 | Transformed into FRA
European Agency for Reconstruction | EAR | Thessaloniki |  Greece | 2000 | 2008 | Dissolved; tasks assigned to DG NEAR and IPA
Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency | Chafea | Luxembourg City |  Luxembourg | 2005 | 2015 | Dissolved; tasks assigned to DG SANTE and to HaDEA
European GNSS Supervisory Authority | GSA | undef. | undef. | 2004 | 2010 | Transformed into the second GSA
European GNSS Agency | GSA | Prague |  Czech Republic | 2010 | 2021 | Transformed into EUSPA
European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union | Frontex | Warsaw |  Poland | 2005 | 2016 | Transformed into current Frontex

#### Euratom joint undertakings[edit]

* Schnell-Brüter- Kernkraftwerksgesellschaft mbH' (SBK)
* Hochtemperatur- Kernkraftwerk GmbH (HKG)

## See also[edit]

* Directorate-General
* European integration – participation by non-EU states in EU initiatives
* Glossary of European Union concepts, acronyms, and jargon
* Meroni doctrine

## References[edit]

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3. ^ Deloitte (November 2016), How do EU agencies and other bodies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda? (Report), European Union (published 11 May 2017), archived from the original on 8 July 2022, retrieved 21 August 2018
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6. ^ "EUROFOUND membership". Europa (web portal). 3 June 2010. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
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11. ^ Former Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market
12. ^ Former OHIM
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42. ^ "Commission welcomes political agreement on the Cybersecurity Competence Centre and Network". Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
43. ^ "Ministry of Justice: New European Public Prosecutor's Office to be based in Luxembourg". 8 June 2017. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
44. ^ "Joint Statement by Vice-President Jourová, Commissioner Hahn and Commissioner Reynders on the launch of the European Public Prosecutor's Office" (Press release). Brussels: European Commission. 1 June 2021. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
45. ^ "Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
46. ^ "European Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA)". Archived from the original on 22 March 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ a b c d With the United Kingdom departure from the EU, the EU decided to relocate the agencies based in London to Amsterdam and Paris on 20 November 2017.[9]

## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Agencies of the European Union.

* EU's main site about agencies
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Agencies, decentralised independent bodies, corporate bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom

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