Angan languages

Family of Trans–New Guinea languages

Not to be confused with Kamantan language or Ongan languages.

For people named Angan, see Angan.

Angan

Kratke Range
Ethnicity| Angu people
Geographic
distribution| Kratke Range, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea
Linguistic classification| Trans–New Guinea

* Eastern Highlands – Kratke Range
* Angan

Glottolog| anga1289

Map: The Angan languages of New Guinea

The Angan languages

Other Trans–New Guinea languages

Other Papuan languages

Austronesian languages

Uninhabited

The Angan or Kratke Range languages are a family of the Trans–New Guinea languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross. The Angan languages are clearly valid as a family. They were first identified as such by J. Lloyd and A. Healey in 1968; Wurm (1975) classified them as Trans–New Guinea. Glottolog treats Angan as a separate or unclassified family, ignoring further evidence.

The languages are spoken in the Kratke Range of Eastern Highlands Province and adjoining areas of Gulf Province and Morobe Province.[1]

## Languages

[edit]

Ross (2005) classifies the languages as follows:[2][verify this is actually Ross's classification]

* Angan
* Angaatiha
* Angan proper (Nuclear Angan)
* Angan branch A:
* Hamtai (Kapau)
* Kamasa
* Kawatsa
* Menya
* Yagwoia
* Angan branch B:
* Akoye (Lohiki)
* Yipma (Baruya)
* Safeyoka
* Simbari
* Susuami
* Tainae (Ivori)

Branch A is defined by the pronouns 1SG ni and 2SG ti. Ankave is not listed in Ross's classification. It has the 1SG pronouns based on ni, but not a 2SG based on ti.

Usher (2020) is both more agnostic and contradicting of Ross's 'A' and 'B' branches:[3]

* Kratke Range
* Angaataha
* Yagwoia
* Northeast: Kamasa, Kawacha, Safeyoka, Susuami
* Northwest: Baruya (Yipma), Simbari
* Southeast: Hamtai (Kapau), Menya
* Southwest: Akoye (Lohiki) – Tainae (Ivori), Angave

Menya is notable for its dyadic kinship terms (terms referring to the relationship two or more people have to each other), which are rare globally and not prevalent in Papua New Guinea (though they also exist in the Oksapmin language).[4]

Many Angan languages are covered by phonological sketches in Lloyd (1973a, b).[5][6]

## Pronouns

[edit]

Ross (1995) reconstructs the pronouns (independent and object prefixes) as follows:[2]

| singular | dual | plural

|
|
|

1st person  | *nə, *ni
*nə-  | *nʌ, *yʌi
*e(a)-  | *nʌi
*na-
2nd person  | *gə, *ti
*gə-  | *kʌi  | *sʌi
*se-
3rd person  | *gʌ
*u-/*w-  | ?
(=3SG)  | *ku
(=3SG)

## Vocabulary comparison

[edit]

The following basic vocabulary words are from the Trans-New Guinea database:[7]

The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. mɨnyagɨnya, magɨna, munakɨna for “head”) or not (e.g. sanggwa, avgwo, nyɨla for “sun”).

gloss | Ankave | Akoye | Baruya | Hamtai | Kamasa | Kawacha | Menya | Safeyoka | Simbari | Tainae | Yagwoia | Angaataha

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

head  | mɨnga(yi) | mɨnggaaya | mɨnyagɨnya | mnga | magɨna | munakɨna | mnyanga | mɨnakɨna | minta | mɨnggaai | mnakɨna | mɨtɨ-'o
hair  | nda'a | n̩daa(vɨ') | mɨjata | mta | njisa | msa'a | mta; nda | mɨsa | mindata | ṃde | msaasa | mɨsis-a'a
ear  | haara'a | araa | kadɨka | qata | kata'a | kaatɨga | qata | haaraha | kaantɨka | aarɨ(na) | qatisa | atɨ'-ɨrɨ
eye  | sɨmu(yi) | aagwaai | tɨnna | hingo | tuma | tɨmma | hingwa | tɨma | sɨmta | haagwe | hina | nt-a'a
nose  | sɨ'ma | hamɨ | sɨnna | hima | sipata | lɨpasi | hima | zamaana | sɨmputa | hamɨ | himsa | mant-a'a
tooth  | maangɨ | maaga | maanga | maanga | maanga | maanga | heqwaanga | maanga | maanka | maage | maana | mank-ɨrɨ
tongue  | aai'wɨ | aabgwa; aavwia | taalɨta | aaiwa | tewa | teva | tewa | meraanya | kwaavlɨlɨ | aaveona | hyaalsa | omas-a'a
leg  | sugwaaviaga | avga | sɨvɨla | yanga | sugwa | lɨvya | zuka | zɨve | sɨwla | habgu' | kwapɨtwalyɨ | au'-ɨrɨ
louse  | iya | ye | yɨle | iyaa'aa | iya | iya | yaaqa | iyaa | ila | nde' | ila | akɨrɨ-'o
dog  | sɨwia | tayo | jɨlɨka | hive'aa | suya | lɨvaaya | hivyeqa | zɨwasa | njɨlɨka | tɨyo | wakyɨ | su'-ɨrɨ
bird  | inga | inko | yuta | inga | manɨwa | mɨnavaaya | yinga | yɨhuva | ntaqatɨ | inko | qaikwɨsa | ko-'o
egg  | ki'mɨnga | m̩ge | (yu)kwaraka | mnga | hi'imɨya | mɨnya | qwi | mɨna | pantapta | ṃge'; munke' | mna | kwaatani-patɨ; nameraa-'o
blood  | taangga | taagi | tawe | hinge'aa | kwe | langaaya | hangeqa | saahana; yaa'mpaza | mɨnjaaka | taagi' | msaasa | nsɨtɨ-patɨ
bone  | enga' | yanggai | yagɨnya | yanga | yakina | yakɨna | yaanga | yakana | yankinta | yɨnggai | yekɨna | antɨ-tatɨ
skin  | yaraa(na) | yara(na) | kɨlaaka | hewa | pa'a(me) | paa(ga) | hviwa | (aa'ma)paaha | kɨlaaka | yarana | aa'mosa | ampɨ-patɨ
breast  | aamunga | aamɨgo | aa(ng)wɨnya | aamga | aanya | aamɨna | aangwa | aamna | aamɨnta | aamugo' | aamna | amwɨtɨ'-ɨrɨ
tree  | ika' | iga' | ita | iya | isa | iga | iya | iya | ika | igya | isa | i-patɨ
man  | oga | avo; waako | kwala | qoka | kwe'wa | kwe; kwoyava | qoka | hwe | kwala | avo | kwala | wo-'o
woman  | aavagi | abaagi | bala | aapaka | amaa | a'me; api | apaka | ape | aampala | avaagi | aapala | apop-aatɨ
sun  | sanggwa | avgwo | nyɨla | mapa | mape | mapiya | mapa (tɨqa) | mape | kwɨnja; nilya | habgo' | mapya | ipɨ-'o
moon  | ema' | aamnggo | langwa | qaamnga | ki'yapa | kaamɨna | qaangwa | haamna | lampaaka | imo' | lamnyɨ | waatɨ-'o
water  | yɨnunggu | inaaga | aalya | e'aa | kwe('ma) | aaya | eqa | aaya | aalya; wanya | (i)naagu | aalyɨ | wapo'-o
fire  | ta'a | ta(vɨ') | dɨka | ta | ta'a | tɨga | ta | tɨha | ntɨka | taa(vɨ') | tɨsa | sis-a'a
stone  | sa'anga | andaga | sɨla | hawa | tega | laasa | hika | zasa | sɨla | haai | hekyɨ | naw-a'a
name  | avaa'nankana | ntaga | yaya (yavya) | yav'a | nyanyaawo | yavya | yavqa | yave | yavata | taagɨ(va') | yawyɨ | ampɨ-patɨ
eat  | n̲eo' | n̲amda' | n̲ɨwa' | qan̲'i | inyo | minyo | an̲ki | haṉkaha | an̲aantapyɨ | nɨmda' | hisa n̲aatana | nanataise
one  | naawona | fonu' | pɨrɨ' (na) | fati (na) | hunanɨnko | uwa'na | hɨnkwona | ingava'na | pɨrɨ'mɨna | fono | hɨnkwa'na | nas-
two  | uwa | faaina | pɨrɨwaai (na) | hivaa'u | hukwego | huvaa'u | hɨnqwaaqwo | huvaa'u | pɨvɨraalna | foya | hulwaaqwɨ | ya-

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Papua New Guinea languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
2. ^ a b
* Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
3. ^ NewGuineaWorld
4. ^ The Oksapmin Kinship System Archived 2009-09-20 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved May 21, 2009.
5. ^ Lloyd, Richard G. 1973a The Angan language family. In: Franklin (ed.), 31–110.
6. ^ Lloyd, Richard G. 1973b The Angan language family: Neighbouring languages. In: Franklin (ed.), 93–94.
7. ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.

* Lloyd, R.G. "The Angan Language Family". In Franklin, K. editor, The linguistic situation in the Gulf District and adjacent areas, Papua New Guinea. C-26:31-110. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1973. doi:10.15144/PL-C26.31

* v
* t
* e

Trans–New Guinea languages

West Trans–New Guinea languages

| Dani|

* Grand Valley Dani
* Hupla
* Nduga
* Nggem
* Silimo
* Walak
* Wano
* Western Dani
* Yali

|

Paniai Lakes|

* Auye
* Dao
* Ekari
* Moni
* Wolani

West Bomberai|

* Baham
* Iha
* Karas

Timor–Alor–Pantar|

| East Timor|

* Fataluku
* Makalero
* Makasae
* Oirata
* Rusenu

|

Alor–Pantar|

* Abui
* Adang
* Blagar
* Kafoa
* Kamang
* Klon
* Kui
* Kula
* Retta
* Sawila
* Wersing
* Kaera
* Nedebang
* Teiwa
* Western Pantar

Others|

* Bunak

Central and South New Guinea languages

| Asmat–Kamoro|

| Asmat|

* Asmat
* Citak

|

Sabakor|

* Buruwai
* Kamberau

Others|

* Kamoro
* Sempan

Greater Awyu|

| Awyu–Dumut|

* Aghu
* Mandobo
* Kombai–Wanggom
* Pisa
* Sawi
* Shiaxa
* Wambon

|

Becking–Dawi|

* Komyandaret
* Korowai
* Tsaukambo

Ok–Oksapmin|

| Western|

* Burumakok
* Kopkaka

|

Lowland|

* Iwur
* Muyu
* Ninggerum
* Yonggom

Mountain|

* Bimin
* Faiwol
* Mian
* Setaman
* Suganga
* Tifal
* Telefol
* Urapmin

Others|

* Nakai
* Ngalum
* Oksapmin
* Tangko

Bayono–Awbono|

* Bayono
* Awbono
* Densar
* Kovojab

Komolom|

* Koneraw
* Mombum

Somahai|

* Momina
* Momuna

Kutubuan languages

| East Kutubuan|

* Foe
* Fiwaga

|

West Kutubuan|

* Fasu
* Some
* Namumi

Chimbu–Wahgi languages

| Jimi|

* Kandawo
* Maring
* Narak

|

Wahgi|

* Nii
* Wahgi

Chimbu|

* Chuave
* Dom
* Golin
* Kuman
* Nomane
* Salt-Yui
* Sinasina

Hagen|

* Kaguel
* Melpa
* Tembagla

Kainantu–Goroka languages

| Goroka|

| Gahuku|

* Alekano
* Dano
* Tokano

|

Kamono–Yagaria|

* Abaga
* Inoke-Yate
* Kamono
* Kanite
* Ke’yagana
* Yagaria

Others|

* Benabena
* Fore
* Gende
* Gimi
* Isabi
* Siane
* Yaweyuha

Kainantu|

| Tairora|

* Binumarien
* Kambaira
* Tairoa
* Waffa

|

Gauwa|

* Agarabi
* Awa
* Awiyaana
* Gadsup
* Kosena
* Ontenu
* Oweina
* Usarufa

Other|

* Kenati

Madang languages

| Croisilles
(Adelbert Range)|

| Dimir-Malas|

* Dimir
* Malas

|

Kaukombar|

* Mala
* Maiani
* Maia

Kowan|

* Korak
* Waskia

Kumil|

* Bepour
* Mauwake
* Moere

Numugen|

* Bilakura
* Parawen
* Ukuriguma
* Usan
* Yaben
* Yarawata

Omosan|

* Kobol
* Pal

Tiboran|

* Kowaki
* Mawak
* Pamosu

other|

* Brem
* Musar
* Wanambre

Kalam|

* Kalam
* Kobon
* Tai

Mabuso|

| Kokan|

* Girawa
* Kein

|

Gum|

* Amele
* Bau
* Gumalu
* Isebe
* Panim
* Sihan

Hanseman|

* Bagupi
* Baimak
* Gal
* Garus
* Kare
* Matepi
* Mawan
* Mosimo
* Murupi
* Nake
* Nobonob
* Rempi
* Rapting
* Samosa
* Saruga
* Silopi
* Utu
* Wagi
* Wamas
* Yoidik

other|

* Munit

Mindjim|

* Anjam
* Bongu
* Male
* Sam

Rai Coast
(South Madang)|

| Awung|

* Jilim
* Rerau
* Yangulam

|

Brahman|

* Biyom
* Tauya

Evapia|

* Kesawai
* Sinsauru
* Sausi

Peka|

* Danaru
* Sop
* Sumau
* Urigina

Nuru|

* Duduela
* Kwato
* Ogea
* Uya

Kabenau|

* Arawum
* Dumpu
* Kolom
* Lemio
* Siroi

other|

* Pulabu

Southern Adelbert|

| Tomul (Josephstaal)|

* Anam
* Anamgura
* Moresada
* Osum
* Wadaginam

|

Sogeram (Wanang)|

* Apali
* Atemble
* Faita
* Magɨyi
* Musak
* Nend
* Mum
* Paynamar
* Sileibi

Yaganon|

* Dumun
* Ganglau
* Saep
* Yabong

(unclear)|

* Amaimon
* Bargam
* Gants
* Wasembo
* Yamben

Finisterre–Huon languages

| Finisterre|

| Erap|

* Finongan
* Gusan
* Mamaa
* Munkip
* Nakama
* Nek
* Nimi
* Nuk
* Numanggang
* Sauk
* Uri

|

Gusap–Mot|

* Iyo
* Madi
* Neko
* Nekgini
* Ngaing
* Rawa
* Ufim

Uruwa|

* Sakam
* Som
* Nukna
* Yau
* Weliki

Wantoat|

* Awara
* Wantoat
* Tuma-Irumu

Warup|

* Asaro'o
* Bulgebi
* Degenan
* Forak
* Guya
* Gwahatike
* Muratayak

Yupna|

* Bonkiman
* Domung
* Ma
* Nankina
* Yopno
* Yout Wam

Huon|

| Eastern|

* Dedua
* Kâte
* Kovai
* Kube
* Mape
* Migabac
* Momare
* Sene
* Tobo

|

Western|

* Burum
* Borong
* Kinalakna
* Komba
* Kumokio
* Mese
* Nabak
* Nomu
* Ono
* Selepet
* Sialum
* Timbe

Southeast Papuan languages

| Koiarian|

* Grass Koiari
* Mountain Koiari
* Koitabu
* Barai
* Namiae
* Ese
* Ömie

|

Kwalean|

* Humene
* Uare
* Mulaha

Manubaran|

* Doromu
* Maria

Yareban|

* Moikodi
* Aneme Wake
* Bariji
* Nawaru
* Yareba

Mailuan|

* Bauwaki
* Domu
* Binahari
* Morawa
* Mailu
* Laua

Dagan|

* Daga
* Mapena
* Maiwa
* Dima
* Ginuman
* Kanasi
* Onjob
* Umanakaina
* Turaka

Anim languages

| Tirio (Lower Fly)|

* Baramu
* Bitur
* Makayam
* Were

|

Boazi (Lake Murray)|

* Boazi
* Zimakani

Marind–Yaqai|

* Bipim
* Marind
* Yaqay

Inland Gulf|

* Ipiko
* Foia Foia
* Hoia Hoia
* Mubami

Other families

| Angan|

* Akoye
* Angaataha
* Ankave
* Hamtai
* Kamasa
* Kawacha
* Menya
* Safeyoka
* Simbari
* Susuami
* Tainae
* Yagwoia
* Yipma

|

Awin–Pa|

* Awin
* Pa

Binanderean|

* Baruga
* Binandere
* Ewage
* Korafe
* Orokaiva
* Suena
* Yekora
* Zia

Bosavi|

* Aimele
* Beami
* Edolo
* Kaluli
* Kasua
* Onobasulu
* Sonia

Duna–Pogaya|

* Duna
* Pogaya

East Strickland|

* Fembe
* Gobasi
* Konai
* Kubo
* Odoodee
* Samo

Engan|

* Angal
* Bisorio
* Enga
* Huli
* Ipili
* Kewa
* Kyaka
* Lembena
* Samberigi

Gogodala–Suki|

* Suki
* Gogodala
* Ari
* Waruna

Goilalan|

* Fuyug
* Tauade
* Biangai
* Kunimaipa
* Weri

Kayagaric|

* Atohwaim (Kaugat)
* Yogo (Tamagario)
* Kayagar (Kaygir)
* Tamagario

Kiwaian|

* Bami
* Kerewo
* Kiwai
* Morigi
* Waboda

Kolopom|

* Kimaama (Kimaghama)
* Riantana
* Ndom

Turama–Kikorian|

* Ikobi
* Omati
* Rumu

isolates|

* Moraori
* Wiru

* v
* t
* e

Papuan language families
(Palmer 2018 classification)

Trans-New Guinea
subgroups|

| Central Papua, Indonesia|

* Ok-Oksapmin
* Dani
* Asmat-Kamoro
* Mek
* Paniai Lakes
* West Bomberai
* Somahai

|

Southeast Papua, Indonesia|

* Anim
* Greater Awyu
* Kayagaric
* Kolopom
* Marori

Southwest Papua New Guinea|

* Gogodala-Suki
* Turama-Kikori
* Kiwaian
* Awin-Pa

Central Papua New Guinea|

* Madang
* Finisterre-Huon
* Kainantu-Goroka
* Chimbu-Wahgi
* Enga-Kewa-Huli
* Bosavi
* East Strickland
* Kutubu
* Duna-Bogaya
* Wiru

Papuan Peninsula|

* Angan
* Greater Binanderean
* Dagan
* Mailuan
* Koiarian
* Goilalan
* Yareban
* Kwalean
* Manubaran

Eastern Nusantara
families and isolates|

* Timor-Alor-Pantar
* North Halmahera

* Tambora†

Bird's Head Peninsula
families and isolates|

* South Bird's Head
* Nuclear South Bird's Head
* Inanwatan–Duriankere
* Konda–Yahadian
* East Bird's Head
* Nuclear East Bird's Head
* Hatam–Mansim
* West Bird's Head

* Abun
* Mpur
* Maybrat
* Mor
* Tanah Merah

Northern Western New Guinea
families and isolates|

* Tor-Kwerba
* Lakes Plain
* Border
* Sko
* East Cenderawasih Bay
* Pauwasi
* East
* West
* Nimboran
* Sentani
* Mairasi
* Kaure
* Lepki-Murkim
* Senagi (Angor-Dera)
* Tofanma-Namla
* Yapen

* Abinomn
* Burmeso
* Elseng
* Kapauri
* Kembra
* Keuw
* Kimki
* Massep
* Mawes
* Molof
* Usku
* Yetfa

Central Western New Guinea
families and isolates|

* Bayono-Awbono

* Dem
* Uhunduni

Sepik-Ramu basin
families and isolates|

* Torricelli
* Sepik
* Lower Sepik-Ramu
* Lower Sepik
* Ramu
* Kwomtari
* Leonhard Schultze (Walio-Papi)
* Upper Yuat (Arafundi-Piawi)
* Yuat
* Left May
* Amto-Musan

* Busa
* Tayap
* Yadë

| Torricelli subgroups|

* Marienberg
* Arapesh
* Urim
* Maimai
* Wapei
* Palei
* One (West Wapei)
* Monumbo?

|

Sepik subgroups|

* Middle Sepik
* Ndu
* Nukuma
* Yellow River
* Yerakai
* Upper Sepik
* Wogamus
* Iwam
* Abau
* Sepik Hill
* Tama
* Ram
* Amal

Ramu subgroups|

* Lower Ramu
* Ottilien
* Misegian
* Middle Ramu
* Grass?
* Tamolan
* Ataitan (Tanggu)

Gulf of Papua and southern New Guinea
families and isolates|

* Yam
* Pahoturi River
* Eleman
* Oriomo
* Teberan
* Doso-Turumsa
* Komolom
* Yelmek-Maklew

* Dibiyaso
* Kaki Ae
* Kamula
* Karami
* Pawaia
* Porome
* Purari
* Tabo

Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands
families and isolates|

* Baining
* North Bougainville
* South Bougainville
* Central Solomons
* Butam-Taulil

* Anêm
* Ata
* Kol
* Kuot
* Makolkol
* Sulka

Rossel Island
isolate|

* Yélî Dnye

Proposed groupings|

* West Papuan
* Northwest Papuan
* South Pauwasi
* East Papuan
* Southeast Papuan
* Papuan Gulf
* Binanderean–Goilalan
* Arai–Samaia
* Asmat–Mombum
* Trans-Fly–Bulaka River
* Trans-Fly
* Dani–Kwerba
* East Bird's Head – Sentani
* Kwomtari–Fas
* Left May – Kwomtari
* Tor–Kwerba–Nimboran
* West Trans–New Guinea
* West Papuan Highlands
* Central and South New Guinea
* Central West New Guinea
* East New Guinea Highlands
* Yele – West New Britain
* Sepik–Ramu
* Indo-Pacific

Proto-language|

* Proto-Trans–New Guinea

* v
* t
* e

Languages of Papua New Guinea

Official languages|

* English
* Hiri Motu
* Tok Pisin
* Papua New Guinean Sign Language

Major Indigenous
languages|

* Adzera
* Amanab
* Awad Bing
* Barok
* Bimin
* Bola
* Bugawac
* Dedua
* Dobu
* Iatmul
* Kâte
* Kobon
* Kovai
* Kuanua
* Kuman
* Kuot
* Kurti
* Lihir
* Mandara
* Mangseng
* Mbula
* Mende
* Mussau-Emira
* Mutu
* Nekgini
* Ngaing
* Niwer Mil
* Nobonob
* Numanggang
* Nyindrou
* Pele-Ata
* Petats
* Ramoaaina
* Seimat
* Solong
* Somba-Siawari
* Suau
* Sulka
* Tangga
* Tobo
* Uneapa
* Ura
* Vitu
* Waris

Other Papuan
languages|

| Angan|

* Akoye
* Angaataha
* Ankave
* Hamtai
* Kamasa
* Kawacha
* Menya
* Safeyoka
* Simbari
* Susuami
* Tainae
* Yagwoia
* Yipma

|

Awin–Pa|

* Awin
* Pa

Binanderean|

* Baruga
* Binandere
* Ewage
* Korafe
* Orokaiva
* Suena
* Yekora
* Zia

Bosavi|

* Aimele
* Beami
* Edolo
* Kaluli
* Kasua
* Onobasulu
* Sonia

Chimbu–Wahgi|

* Chuave
* Dom
* Golin
* Kandawo
* Kaugel
* Kuman
* Maring
* Melpa
* Narak
* Nii
* Nomane
* Salt-Yui
* Sinasina
* Tembagla
* Wahgi

New Ireland|

* Bilur
* Fanamaket
* Kandas
* Konomala
* Kuanua
* Label
* Niwer Mil
* Patpatar
* Ramoaaina
* Siar
* Sursurunga
* Warwar Feni

Duna–Pogaya|

* Duna
* Pogaya

East Kutubuan|

* Fasu
* Fiwaga
* Foi

East Strickland|

* Fembe
* Gobasi
* Konai
* Kubo
* Odoodee
* Samo

Engan|

* Angal
* Bisorio
* Enga
* Huli
* Ipili
* Kewa
* Kyaka
* Lembena
* Samberigi

Eleman|

* Kaki Ae
* Keoru
* Opao
* Orokolo
* Toaripi
* Tairuma

Ok–Oksapmin|

* Bimin
* Faiwol
* Mian
* Ngalum
* Ninggerum
* Oksapmin
* Setaman
* Suganga
* Telefol
* Tifal
* Urap
* Yonggom

Teberan|

* Dadibi
* Folopa

Tirio|

* Abom
* Baramu
* Bitur
* Tirio
* Were

Turama–Kikorian|

* Ikobi
* Omati
* Rumu

Larger families|

* Finisterre–Huon
* Kainantu–Goroka
* Madang
* Ramu–Lower Sepik
* Sepik
* Southeast Papuan
* Torricelli

Sign languages|

* Enga
* Kailge
* Mehek
* Mount Avejaha
* Rossel Island
* Sinasina
* Wanib

Authority control databases: National |

* Israel

|

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*[2SG]: second person, singular
*[3SG]: third person, singular
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