Anti-Hindu sentiment

This article is about hatred of, or prejudice towards Hindus. For religious persecution of Hindus, see Persecution of Hindus.

This article may be in need of reorganization to comply with Wikipedia's layout guidelines. Please help by editing the article to make improvements to the overall structure. (July 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

Freedom of religion

Concepts

* Laicism
* Religious discrimination
* Religious censorship
* Religious liberty
* Religious police
* Religious pluralism
* Secularism
* Separation of church and state
* Anti-clericalism
* School prayer
* Catholic priests in public office
* Confessionalism
* Theocracy

* * *

* State religion
* Secular state
* Confessional state
* Atheist state

Status by country

|  Africa

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Comoros
* DR Congo
* Egypt
* Mauritania
* Morocco
* South Africa
* Sudan
* Tanzania

North and South America

* Brazil
* Canada
* Colombia
* Ecuador
* Guyana
* Panama
* Paraguay
* United States

Asia

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* China
* Cyprus
* Northern Cyprus
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* Japan
* Kazakhstan
* Laos
* Malaysia
* Maldives
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* North Korea
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Russia
* Singapore
* South Korea
* Sri Lanka
* Taiwan
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Turkey
* Turkmenistan
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam

Europe

* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Northern Cyprus
* France
* Georgia
* Germany
* Hungary
* Italy
* Kosovo
* Montenegro
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* Romania
* Russia
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

Middle East

* Bahrain
* Egypt
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* Jordan
* Kuwait
* Lebanon
* Oman
* Palestinian territories
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* Syria
* UAE
* Yemen

Oceania

* Australia

Topical

* Apostasy in Islam by country
* Blasphemy laws by country
* Female genital mutilation laws by country
* Legal aspects of ritual slaughter
* Religious male circumcision

Religious persecution

* Traditional African religions
* Atheism
* Baháʼí Faith
* Buddhism
* Christianity
* Christophobia
* post–Cold War era
* Catholicism
* Catholic Church
* Mormonism
* Jehovah's Witness
* Eastern Orthodox Christianity
* Oriental Orthodox Christianity
* Protestantism
* Falun Gong
* Hinduism (Anti-Hindu sentiment)
* Islam
* Sunni
* Shi'a
* Ahmadiyya
* Alevism
* Sufis
* Islamophobia
* Judaism
* Antisemitism
* Anti-Judaism
* Religious antisemitism
* New religious movements
* Christian countercult movement
* Neopaganism
* Rastafari
* Zoroastrianism

Religion portal

* v
* t
* e

Part of a series on

Discrimination

Forms

* Institutional
* Structural
* Statistical
* Systemic
* Taste-based

Attributes

* Age
* Caste
* Class
* Dialect
* Disability
* Economic
* Genetic
* Hair texture
* Height
* Language
* Looks
* Mental disorder
* Nationality or citizenship
* Race / Ethnicity
* Skin color
* Scientific racism
* Rank
* Sex
* Sexual orientation
* Species
* Size
* Viewpoint

Social

* Arophobia
* Anti-albinism
* Acephobia
* Adultism
* Anti-altruistic
* Anti-autism
* Anti-homelessness
* Anti-drug addicts
* Anti-intellectualism
* Anti-intersex
* Anti-left handedness
* Anti-Masonry
* Aporophobia
* Audism
* Biphobia
* Clannism
* Elitism
* Ephebiphobia
* Health
* mental
* in poverty
* Fatphobia
* Gayphobia
* Gerontophobia
* Heterosexism
* HIV/AIDS stigma
* Hypergamy
* Homophobia
* In-group
* Leprosy stigma
* Lesbophobia
* Against men
* Misandry
* Misogyny
* Nepotism
* Outgroup
* Pedophobia
* Perpetual foreigner
* Pregnancy
* Sectarianism
* Supremacism
* Aryanism
* Autistic
* Black
* Hutu
* Chauvinism
* Han
* Female
* Human
* Nordicism
* Male
* Jewish
* Ultranationalism
* White
* Transphobia
* Non-binary
* Transmisogyny
* Trans men
* Vegaphobia
* Xenophobia

Religious

* Atheism
* Campaigns in China
* Exclusivism
* Baháʼí Faith
* Buddhism
* Christianity
* Persecution
* Catholicism
* Eastern Orthodoxy
* Coptic Christianity
* Jehovah's Witnesses
* LDS or Mormon
* Protestantism
* Tewahedo Orthodoxy
* post–Cold War era
* Falun Gong
* Hinduism
* Persecution
* Untouchability
* Islam
* Religious police
* Punishment of apostasy
* Persecution
* Ahmadiyya
* Shi'ism
* Sufism
* Sunnism
* minority Muslim
* Judaism
* Persecution
* Neopaganism
* Rastafari
* Sikhism
* Yazidism
* Zoroastrianism

Race or ethnicity

* Afghan
* African
* Albanian
* Arab
* Armenian
* Asian
* France
* South Africa
* United States
* Assyrian
* Australian
* Austrian
* Azerbaijani
* Black people
* African Americans
* China
* South Africa
* Bengali
* Bulgarian
* Catalan
* Chechen
* Chinese
* Han people
* Colombian
* Croat
* Dutch
* English
* Estonian
* Filipino
* French
* Fulani
* Finnish
* Georgian
* German
* Greek
* Haitian
* Hazara
* Hungarian
* Igbo
* Indian
* Indigenous people
* Australia
* Canada
* United States
* Iranian
* Irish
* Italian
* Japanese
* Jewish
* Eliminationist
* New
* Religious
* Anti-Yiddish
* Zionist
* Korean
* Kurdish
* Lithuanian
* Malay
* Māori
* Mexican
* Middle Eastern
* Mongolian
* Montenegrin
* Nigerian
* Pakistani
* Palestinians
* Pashtun
* Polish
* Portuguese
* Quebec
* Romani
* Romanian
* Russian
* Scottish
* Serb
* Slavic
* Somali
* Spanish
* Taiwanese
* Tatar
* Thai
* Tibetan
* Turkish
* Ukrainian
* Uyghur
* Venezuelan
* Vietnamese
* Welsh
* White people

Manifestations

* Algorithmic bias
* Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
* SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
* Blood libel
* Bullying
* Cancel culture
* Capital punishment for homosexuality
* Carnism
* Cognitive
* Compulsory sterilization
* Corrective rape
* Counter-jihad
* Cultural genocide
* Defamation
* Democide
* Dog whistle
* Domicide
* Economic
* Education
* Academic
* In curricula
* Sexism
* Eliminationism
* Eliminationist antisemitism
* Employment
* Enemy of the people
* Environmental racism
* Ethnic cleansing
* Ethnic conflict
* Ethnic hatred
* Ethnic joke
* Ethnocide
* Excellence
* Gender-based dress codes
* Cosmetics policy
* High heel policy
* Forced conversion
* Freak show
* Funding
* Gay bashing
* Gendercide
* Transgender genocide
* Genital modification and mutilation
* Circumcision
* Female genital mutilation
* Intersex medical interventions
* Genocide
* examples
* Glass ceiling
* Hate crime
* Disability hate crime
* Violence against LGBTQ people
* Violence against transgender people
* Hate group
* Hate speech
* Institutional
* Abuse
* Discrimination
* Racism
* Homeless dumping
* Housing
* Hypergamy
* Age disparity
* Indian rolling
* International inequality
* Kill Haole Day
* Lavender scare
* LGBTQ+
* grooming conspiracy theory
* Linguicide
* Lynching
* Media
* Minority stress
* Moral exclusion
* Mortgage
* Murder music
* Native American mascots
* Braves
* Blackhawks
* Chiefs
* Occupational
* Apartheid
* Inequality
* Injustice
* Segregation
* Opposition to immigration
* Paper genocide
* Persecution
* Pogrom
* Political
* Political repression
* Ideological repression
* Purge
* Racialization
* Religious persecution
* Religious terrorism
* Religious violence
* Religious war
* Scapegoating
* Segregation academy
* Selective prosecution
* Sentencing disparity
* Sexual harassment
* Sex-selective abortion
* Slut-shaming
* Structural abuse
* Structural discrimination
* Structural evil
* Structural inequality
* Structural violence
* Suicide
* Untermensch
* Trans bashing
* Victimisation
* Violence against women
* White flight
* White genocide conspiracy theory
* Wife selling
* Witch hunt

Policies

* Algorithmic wage discrimination
* Age of candidacy
* Blood purity
* Blood quantum
* Breadwinner model
* Conscription and sexism
* Crime of apartheid
* Disabilities
* Catholic
* Jewish
* Disparate impact
* Fagging
* Gender pay gap
* Gender roles
* Protecting Women's Private Spaces Act
* Gerontocracy
* Gerrymandering
* Ghetto benches
* Internment
* Jewish quota
* Law for Protection of the Nation
* LGBTQ rights opposition
* MSM blood donation restrictions
* No kid zone
* Numerus clausus (as religious or racial quota)
* One-drop rule
* Racial quota
* Racial segregation
* Jim Crow laws
* Nuremberg Laws
* Racial steering
* Redlining
* Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
* Segregation
* age
* racial
* religious
* sexual
* Social exclusion
* Sodomy law
* State atheism
* State religion
* Ugly law
* Voter suppression

Countermeasures

* Affirmative action
* Anti-discrimination law
* Anti-racism
* Audit study
* Autism rights movement
* Blind audition
* Constitutional colorblindness
* Cultural assimilation
* Cultural pluralism
* Diversity, equity, and inclusion
* Diversity training
* Empowerment
* Fat acceptance movement
* Feminism
* Fighting Discrimination
* Golden Rule
* Hate speech laws by country
* Human rights
* Intersex human rights
* Korenizatsiia
* LGBTQ rights
* Music in the movement against apartheid
* Nonviolence
* Racial integration
* Reappropriation
* Rock Against Sexism
* Self-determination
* Social integration
* Toleration
* Transgender rights movement
* Universal suffrage
* Women's rights

Related topics

* Allophilia
* Alterity
* Amatonormativity
* Bias
* Cisnormativity
* Civil liberties
* Criminalization of homosexuality
* Dehumanization
* Diseases of despair
* Diversity
* Multiculturalism
* Neurodiversity
* Ethnic penalty
* Figleaf
* Gender-blind
* Heteronormativity
* Historical eugenics
* Internalized oppression
* Intersectionality
* Mad pride
* Masculism
* Medical model of disability
* autism
* Net bias
* Nonperson
* Oikophobia
* Oppression
* Police brutality
* Respect
* Polyculturalism
* Power distance
* Prejudice
* Prisoner abuse
* Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
* Racism by country
* Racial color blindness
* Religious intolerance
* Reverse discrimination
* Reverse racism
* Reverse sexism
* Second-generation gender bias
* Snobbery
* Social equity
* Social exclusion
* Social identity threat
* Social model of disability
* Social privilege
* Christian
* male
* white
* Social stigma
* Speciesism
* Stereotype
* threat
* The talk
* Zionism

* v
* t
* e

Part of a series on

Hinduism

* Hindus
* Mythology

Origins

Historical

* History
* Indus Valley Civilisation
* Vedic Hinduism
* Dravidian folk religion
* Śramaṇa
* Tribal religions in India

Traditional

* Itihasa-Purana
* Epic-Puranic royal genealogies
* Epic-Puranic chronology

Sampradaya (Traditions)

Major Sampradaya (Traditions)

* Vaishnavism
* Pancharatra
* Shaivism
* Kapalika
* Pashupata
* Pratyabhijña
* Shaktism
* Smartism

Other Sampradaya (Traditions)

Deities

Absolute Reality / Unifying Force

* Brahman

Trimurti

* Brahma
* Vishnu
* Shiva

Tridevi

* Saraswati
* Lakshmi
* Parvati

Other major Devas / Devis

Vedic Deities:

* Tridasha
* Adityas
* Rudras
* Vasus
* Ashvins
* Mahadevi
* Other Vedic Deities

Post-Vedic:

* Avatar
* Dashavatara
* Durga
* Navadurga
* Mahavidya
* Kartikeya
* Ganesha
* Hanuman
* Radha
* Shakti
* Sita

Devatas

* Vishvakarma
* Kubera

Concepts

Worldview

* Cosmology
* Mythology

Ontology

* Tattvas
* Subtle elements
* Panchikarana
* Gross elements
* Guṇas
* Purusha
* Prakṛti

Supreme reality

* Brahman
* Nirguna
* Saguna
* Om
* Saccidānanda

God

* Ishvara
* Devas / Devi
* Devatas
* God in Hinduism
* God and gender

Puruṣārtha (Meaning of life)

* Dharma
* Artha
* Kama
* Moksha

Āśrama (Stages of life)

* Brahmacharya
* Gṛhastha
* Vānaprastha
* Sannyasa

Three paths to liberation

* Bhakti yoga
* Jnana yoga
* Karma yoga

Liberation

Mokṣa-related topics:

* Paramātman
* Maya
* Karma
* Saṃsāra

Mind

* Ātman (self)
* Anātman (non-self)
* Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body)
* Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs)

* Prajña (wisdom)
* Ānanda (happiness)
* Viveka (discernment)
* Vairagya (dispassion)
* Sama (equanimity)
* Dama (temperance)
* Uparati (self-settledness)
* Titiksha (forbearance)
* Shraddha (faith)
* Samadhana (concentration)
* Arishadvargas (six enemies)
* Ahamkara (attachment)

Ethics

* Niti śastra
* Yamas
* Niyama
* Ahimsa
* Achourya
* Aparigraha
* Brahmacharya
* Satya
* Damah
* Dayā
* Akrodha
* Arjava
* Santosha
* Tapas
* Svādhyāya
* Shaucha
* Mitahara
* Dāna
* Sources of dharma

Epistemology

* Pratyakṣa (perception)
* Anumāṇa (inference)
* Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy)
* Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption)
* Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)
* Śabda (word, testimony)

Practices

Worship, sacrifice, and charity

* Puja
* Ārtī
* Prarthana
* Śrauta
* Temple
* Murti
* Bhakti
* Japa
* Bhajana
* Kīrtana
* Yajna
* Homa
* Tarpana
* Vrata
* Prāyaścitta
* Tirtha
* Yatra
* Tirthadana
* Matha
* Nritta-Nritya
* Dāna
* Sevā
* Yoga
* Exorcism

Meditation

* Tapas
* Dhyana
* Samādhāna
* Nididhyāsana

Yoga

* Sadhu
* Yogi
* Yogini
* Asana
* Sādhanā
* Hatha yoga
* Jnana yoga
* Bhakti yoga
* Karma yoga
* Rāja yoga
* Kundalini yoga

Arts

* Bharatanatyam
* Kathak
* Kathakali
* Kuchipudi
* Manipuri
* Mohiniyattam
* Odissi
* Sattriya
* Bhagavata Mela
* Yakshagana
* Dandiya Raas
* Carnatic music
* Pandav Lila
* Kalaripayattu
* Silambam
* Adimurai

Rites of passage

* Garbhadhana
* Pumsavana
* Pumsavana Simantonayana
* Simantonnayana
* Jatakarma
* Nāmakaraṇa
* Nishkramana
* Annaprashana
* Chudakarana
* Karnavedha
* Vidyāraṃbhaṃ
* Upanayana
* Keshanta
* Ritushuddhi
* Samavartanam
* Vivaha
* Antyesti

Festivals

* Diwali
* Holi
* Maha Shivaratri
* Navaratri
* Durga Puja
* Ramlila
* Vijayadashami-Dussehra
* Raksha Bandhan
* Ganesh Chaturthi
* Vasant Panchami
* Rama Navami
* Janmashtami
* Onam
* Makar Sankranti
* Kumbh Mela
* Pongal
* Ugadi
* Vaisakhi
* Bihu
* Puthandu
* Vishu
* Ratha Yatra

Philosophical schools

Six Astika schools

* Samkhya
* Yoga
* Nyaya
* Vaisheshika
* Mīmāṃsā
* Vedanta
* Advaita
* Dvaita
* Vishishtadvaita
* Achintya Bheda Abheda
* Shuddhadvaita
* Svabhavika Bhedabheda
* Akshar Purushottam Darshan

Other schools

* Ājīvika
* Buddhism
* Jainism
* Charvaka

Gurus, Rishi, Philosophers

Ancient

* Saptarshi
* Vashistha
* Kashyapa
* Atri
* Jamadagni
* Gotama
* Vishvamitra
* Bharadwaja
* Agastya
* Angiras
* Aruni
* Ashtavakra
* Jaimini
* Kanada
* Kapila
* Patanjali
* Pāṇini
* Prashastapada
* Raikva
* Satyakama Jabala
* Valmiki
* Vyasa
* Yajnavalkya

Medieval

* Abhinavagupta
* Adi Shankara
* Akka Mahadevi
* Allama Prabhu
* Alvars
* Basava
* Chaitanya
* Ramdas Kathiababa
* Chakradhara
* Chāngadeva
* Dadu Dayal
* Eknath
* Gangesha Upadhyaya
* Gaudapada
* Gorakshanatha
* Haridasa Thakur
* Harivansh
* Jagannatha Dasa
* Jayanta Bhatta
* Jayatīrtha
* Jiva Goswami
* Jñāneśvar
* Kabir
* Kanaka Dasa
* Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
* Madhusūdana
* Madhva
* Matsyendranatha
* Morya Gosavi
* Mukundarāja
* Namadeva
* Narahari Tirtha
* Narasimha Saraswati
* Nayanars
* Nimbarkacharya
* Srinivasacharya
* Prabhākara
* Purandara Dasa
* Raghavendra Swami
* Raghunatha Siromani
* Raghuttama Tirtha
* Ram Charan
* Ramananda
* Ramanuja
* Ramprasad Sen
* Ravidas
* Rupa Goswami
* Samarth Ramdas
* Sankardev
* Satyanatha Tirtha
* Siddheshwar
* Sripada Srivallabha
* Sripadaraja
* Surdas
* Swaminarayan
* Śyāma Śastri
* Tukaram
* Tulsidas
* Tyagaraja
* Vācaspati Miśra
* Vadiraja Tirtha
* Vallabha
* Valluvar
* Vedanta Desika
* Vidyaranya
* Vyasaraja

Modern

* Aurobindo
* Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati
* Bhaktivinoda Thakur
* Chandrashekarendra Saraswati
* Chinmayananda
* Dayananda Saraswati
* Jaggi Vasudev
* Krishnananda Saraswati
* Mahavatar Babaji
* Mahesh Yogi
* Narayana Guru
* Nigamananda
* Nisargadatta Maharaj
* Prabhupada
* Radhakrishnan
* R. D. Ranade
* Ramakrishna
* Rama Tirtha
* Ramana Maharshi
* Ravi Shankar
* Ramdas
* Samarth
* Sathya Sai Baba
* Shirdi Sai Baba
* Shraddhanand
* Satyadhyana Tirtha
* Siddharameshwar Maharaj
* Sivananda
* Trailanga
* U. G. Krishnamurti
* Upasni Maharaj
* Vethathiri Maharishi
* Vivekananda
* Yogananda

Texts

Sources and classification of scripture

* Śruti
* Smṛti
* Ācāra
* Ātmatuṣṭi

Scriptures

* Timeline of Hindu texts

Vedas

* Rigveda
* Yajurveda
* Samaveda
* Atharvaveda

Divisions

* Samhita
* Brahmana
* Aranyaka
* Upanishads

Upanishads

Rigveda:

* Aitareya
* Kaushitaki

Yajurveda:

* Brihadaranyaka
* Isha
* Taittiriya
* Katha
* Shvetashvatara
* Maitri

Samaveda:

* Chandogya
* Kena

Atharvaveda:

* Mundaka
* Mandukya
* Prashna

Vedangas

* Shiksha
* Chandas
* Vyākaraṇa
* Nirukta
* Kalpa
* Jyotisha

Other scriptures

* Bhagavad Gita
* Agamas (Hinduism)

Itihasas

* Ramayana
* Mahabharata

Puranas

* Vishnu Purana
* Bhagavata Purana
* Devi Bhagavata Purana
* Naradiya Purana
* Vāmana Purana
* Matsya Purana
* Garuda Purana
* Brahma Purana
* Brahmanda Purana
* Brahma Vaivarta Purana
* Bhavishya Purana
* Padma Purana
* Agni Purana
* Shiva Purana
* Linga Purana
* Kūrma Purana
* Skanda Purana
* Varaha Purana
* Markandeya Purana

Upavedas

* Ayurveda
* Dhanurveda
* Gandharvaveda
* Sthapatyaveda

Shastras, sutras, and samhitas

* Dharma Shastra
* Artha Śastra
* Shilpa Shastras
* Kama Sutra
* Brahma Sutras
* Samkhya Sutras
* Mimamsa Sutras
* Nyāya Sūtras
* Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
* Yoga Sutras
* Pramana Sutras
* Charaka Samhita
* Sushruta Samhita
* Natya Shastra
* Panchatantra
* Naalayira Divya Prabandham
* Tirumurai
* Ramcharitmanas
* Yoga Vasistha
* Swara yoga
* Panchadasi

Stotras, stutis and Bhashya

* Kanakadhara Stotra
* Shiva Stuti
* Vayu Stuti

Tamil literature

* Tirumurai
* Naalayira Divya Prabandham
* Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
* Tiruppukal
* Kural
* Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram
* Five Great Epics
* Eighteen Greater Texts
* Eighteen Lesser Texts
* Athichudi
* Iraiyanar Akapporul
* Abirami Antati
* Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
* Vinayagar Agaval

Other texts

Hindu Culture & Society

Society

* Varna
* Brahmin
* Kshatriya
* Kayastha
* Vaishya
* Shudra
* Dalit
* Jāti
* Gotra
* Dvija
* Dasa

Hindu Art

* Hindu art
* Hindu iconography
* Shilpa Shastras
* Rasa (aesthetics)
* Indian aesthetics
* Yantra

Hindu Architecture

* Hindu architecture
* Hindu temple architecture
* Vastu shastra
* Talamana

Hindu Music

* Hindu music
* Shruti (music)
* Svara
* Alankāra
* Tala (music)
* Raga
* Rasa (aesthetics)
* Sangita
* Vadya
* Natya Shastra

Food & Diet Customs

* Ahimsa
* Diet in Hinduism
* Sattvic diet
* Mitahara
* Jhatka
* Vrata

Time Keeping Practices

* Hindu units of time
* Hindu calendar
* Panchangam
* Vikram Samvat
* Shaka era

Hindu Pilgrimage

* Pilgrimage sites

Other society-related topics:

* Discrimination
* Persecution
* Nationalism
* Hindutva
* Organisations
* Reform movements

Other topics

Hinduism by country

* Greater India
* Balinese Hinduism
* Caribbean Shaktism
* Template:Hindu scriptures and texts

Hinduism & Other Religions

* Hinduism and Jainism / and Buddhism / and Sikhism / and Judaism / and Christianity / and Islam

Other Related Links (Templates)

* Hindu Scriptures & Texts
* Hindu Philosphy
* Sampradayas (Traditions)
* Shaivism
* Vaishnavism
* Shaktism

* Glossary
* Outline

* Hinduism portal

* v
* t
* e

Anti-Hindu sentiment is a negative perception, sentiment or actions against the practitioners or religion of Hinduism. It exists in many contexts in many countries, often due to historical conflict. There is also scholarly debate on what constitutes anti-Hindu sentiment in the Western World.

## Definitions

[edit]

Scholar Jeffery D. Long defines the term "Hinduphobia" as an irrational aversion of Hindus or Hinduism.[1] Vamsee Juluri, a Professor of Media Studies at the University of San Francisco agrees.[2][a]

## Examples of anti-Hindu sentiments

[edit]

Destroyed Hindu temple in Banshkhali, Chittagong, Bangladesh

According to the religious dialogue activist P. N. Benjamin, some Christian evangelists denigrate Hindu gods and consider Hindu rituals barbaric, and such attitudes have caused tensions between religious communities.[5][6]

Akbaruddin Owaisi, a leader of the All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen party in Hyderabad, has been charged several times for hate speeches denigrating Hindu gods and inciting violence against Hindus.[7][8]

A Muslim preacher apologised for insulting Hinduism in 2014, after an uproar.[9] Hindus have historically been, and continue to be, considered Kafirs by some Muslims[10] and Heathen, Satanic or Demonic by some Christians.[11]

## Asia

[edit]

### Afghanistan

[edit]

See also: Hinduism in Afghanistan

Religious persecution and discrimination of Hindus have caused Afghanistan's Hindu population to dwindle.[12] Sikhs and Hindus are continuing to flee from Afghanistan as of July 2020.[13]

The Taliban government in Afghanistan, which enforced strict sharia (Islamic law), announced plans to require all Hindus (and Sikhs) to wear identifying badges in public in May 2001 as part of the Taliban's campaign to segregate and repress "un-Islamic and idolatrous segments" of Afghan society.[14][15] At the time, about 500 Hindus and 2,000 Sikhs remained in Afghanistan.[16] The anti-Hindu decree was seen by many as being reminiscent of the Nazi law which required all Jews to wear identifying yellow badges.[15][17][18] The order prompted international outrage, and it was denounced by the Indian and U.S. governments,[16] as well as by Abraham Foxman of the Anti-Defamation League.[17] Following international pressure, the Taliban regime dropped the badge plans in June 2001.[19]

In recent years, the ISKP has attacked the Sikh and Hindu populations in Afghanistan. There have been reports of ISKP attacks, including murders, of Sikhs and Hindus at places of worship. Additionally, because of their perceived riches, land grabbing, harassment, discrimination, and even documented cases of societal violence in Afghanistan, Hindus and Sikhs have experienced crime situations.[20]

### Bangladesh

[edit]

See also: Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh

In Bangladesh political leaders frequently face controversy for spreading anti-Hindu sentiment in an attempt to appeal to religious extremists and incite community outrage.[21] One of the most well known instances of this occurred in 1996 when Khaleda Zia a previous Prime Minister, and then leader of the opposition, declared that the country was at risk of hearing "uludhhwani" (a Bengali Hindu custom involving women's ululation) from mosques, replacing the azaan (Muslim call to prayer).[22]

The fundamentalists and right-wing parties such as the Bangladesh Nationalist Party and Jatiya Party often portray Hindus as being sympathetic to India, making accusations of dual loyalty and allegations of transferring economic resources to India, contributing to a widespread perception that Bangladeshi Hindus are disloyal to the state. Also, the right wing parties claim the Hindus to be backing the Awami League.[23]

On 28 February 2013, the International Crimes Tribunal sentenced Delwar Hossain Sayeedi, the Vice President of the Jamaat-e-Islami to death for the war crimes committed during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. Following the sentence, Jamaat-e-Islami activists attacked Hindu communities across the country. Hindu properties were looted and burned down, and temples were desecrated and set on fire.[24][25] While the government has held the Jamaat-e-Islami responsible for the attacks on the minorities, the Jamaat-e-Islami leadership has denied any involvement. The minority leaders have protested the attacks and appealed for justice. The Supreme Court of Bangladesh has directed the law enforcement to start suo motu investigation into the attacks. US Ambassador to Bangladesh express concern about attack of Jamaat on Bengali Hindu community.[26][27] The violence included the looting of Hindu properties and businesses, the burning of Hindu homes, and desecration and destruction of Hindu temples.[28] According to community leaders, more than 50 Hindu temples and 1,500 Hindu homes were destroyed in 20 districts.[29] On 5 May 2014, A mob of almost 3,000 attacked Hindu households and a temple in eastern Bangladesh after two youths from the community allegedly insulted the Islamic prophet, Muhammad on Facebook.[30][31][32]

Following the resignation of Sheikh Hasina on 5 August 2024, attacks began on some of the homes, businesses, and places of worship of the Hindu community in Bangladesh.[33]

### India

[edit]

See also: Persecution of Hindus § Post-Independence India

This section needs expansion. You can help by making an edit requestadding to it . (February 2021)

|

On September 2, 2023, while addressing a conference organized in Tamil Nadu, Udhayanidhi Stalin made a controversial statement likening Sanatana Dharma to diseases like malaria and dengue. He emphasized that Sanatana Dharma should not merely be opposed but must be eradicated, claiming that it opposes social justice and equality. This remark was met with widespread outrage across the nation, with many interpreting it as a call for genocide. Political leaders from the INDIA bloc, notably the Chief Minister of West Bengal Mamata Banerjee, publicly distanced themselves from Stalin's remarks, expressing their disapproval.[34][35]

In March-April 2024, a Christian church in Andhra Pradesh came to attention when a video showing that the church's footwalk tiles consisted of sacred Hindu symbols of Om and Swastika went viral on social media and sparked outrage. Following the backlash, the tiles containing those symbols were removed by the church.[36][37][38]

On 27th August, 2024, a temple was vandalised in Hyderabad.[39] There was a massive protest after the vandalism and there is evidence that the men who vandalised the temple were Owaisi's men.[40][41]

In September 2024, stones were pelted at Ganesha idol processions in many parts of India.[42][43][44][45][46] The police were also attacked in many places but managed to seize the swords used to attack the devotees; petrol bombs were also used to set shops on fire.[47] In another incident, the Ganesh idol was taken from the demonstrators by the police, who then secured it in an unoccupied police van, the snaps of which went viral online, as well as in newspapers; some claimed it was, "belittling" to do so.[48][49][50]

### Malaysia

[edit]

See also: Hinduism in Malaysia, 2001 Kampung Medan riots, 2009 cow head protests, HINDRAF, and 2007 HINDRAF rally

In April 2006, local authorities demolished several Hindu temples to make way for developmental projects. Their reason was that these temples were unlicensed and squatting on government land. In April and May 2006, several Hindu temples were demolished by city hall authorities in the country, accompanied by violence against Hindus.[51] On 21 April 2006, the Malaimel Sri Selva Kaliamman Temple in Kuala Lumpur was reduced to rubble after the city hall sent in bulldozers.[52]

The president of the Consumers Association of Subang and Shah Alam in Selangor had been helping to organise efforts to stop the local authorities in the Muslim dominated city of Shah Alam from demolishing a 107-year-old Hindu temple. The growing Islamization in Malaysia is a cause for concern to many Malaysians who follow minority religions such as Hinduism.[53]

On 11 May 2006, armed city hall officers from Kuala Lumpur forcefully demolished part of a 60-year-old suburban temple that serves more than 1,000 Hindus. The "Hindu Rights Action Force", a coalition of several NGO's, have protested these demolitions by lodging complaints with the Malaysian Prime Minister.[54] Many Hindu advocacy groups have protested what they allege is a systematic plan of temple cleansing in Malaysia. The official reason given by the Malaysian government has been that the temples were built "illegally". However, several of the temples are centuries old.[54] According to a lawyer for the Hindu Rights Action Task Force, a Hindu temple is demolished in Malaysia once every three weeks.[55]

A group of Malaysian Muslims protested against the construction of a Hindu temple in a Muslim-majority neighborhood, using a cow's head in the demonstration, sparking concerns about racial and religious tensions in the country.[56]

### Pakistan

[edit]

See also: Persecution of Hindus § Pakistan 2, Decline of Hinduism in Pakistan, Sectarianism in Pakistan § Hindus, Pakistan studies, and Religious discrimination in Pakistan § Hindus

In Pakistan, Hindus are often regarded as kafirs (unbelievers) and blamed for "causing all the problems in Pakistan".[57] On Pakistan Day, the Pakistan Army dropped leaflets in South and North Waziristan warning tribesmen about foreigners and their local supporters, using the term "Yahood Aur Hanood" (Jews and Hindus) to describe the perceived enemies. The leaflets aimed to differentiate between the war on terror and local tribes, urging vigilance against intruders.[58] At the time of Pakistan's creation the 'hostage theory' had been espoused. According to this theory the Hindu minority in Pakistan was to be given a fair deal in Pakistan in order to ensure the protection of the Muslim minority in India.[59][60]

Separate electorates for Hindus and Christians were established in 1985—a policy which was originally proposed by Islamist leader Abul A'la Maududi. Christian and Hindu leaders complained that they felt excluded from the county's political process, but the policy had strong support from Islamists.[61]

The Muttahida Majlis-i-Amal (MMA), a coalition of Islamist political parties in Pakistan, calls for the increased Islamization of the government and society, specifically taking an anti-Hindu stance. The MMA leads the opposition in the national assembly, held a majority in the NWFP Provincial Assembly, and was part of the ruling coalition in Balochistan. However, some members of the MMA made efforts to eliminate their rhetoric against Hindus.[62]

The public school curriculum in Pakistan was Islamized during the 1980s.[63] The government of Pakistan claims to undertake a major revision to eliminate such teachings and to remove Islamic teaching from secular subjects.[62] The bias in Pakistani textbooks was also documented by Y. Rosser (2003). She wrote that

> "in the past few decades, social studies textbooks in Pakistan have been used as locations to articulate the hatred that Pakistani policy makers have attempted to inculcate towards their Hindu neighbours", and that as a result "in the minds of generations of Pakistanis, indoctrinated by the 'Ideology of Pakistan' are lodged fragments of hatred and suspicion."[64]

The bias in Pakistani textbooks was studied by Rubina Saigol, K. K. Aziz, I. A. Rahman, Mubarak Ali, A. H. Nayyar, Ahmed Saleem, Y. Rosser and others.

A study by Nayyar & Salim (2003) that was conducted with 30 experts of Pakistan's education system, found that the textbooks contain statements that seek to create hate against Hindus. There was also an emphasis on Jihad, Shahadat, wars and military heroes. The study reported that the textbooks also had a lot of gender-biased stereotypes. Some of the problems in Pakistani textbooks cited in the report were:

> "Insensitivity to the existing religious diversity of the nation"; "Incitement to militancy and violence, including encouragement of Jihad and Shahadat"; a "glorification of war and the use of force"; "Inaccuracies of fact and omissions that serve to substantially distort the nature and significance of actual events in our history"; "Perspectives that encourage prejudice, bigotry and discrimination towards fellow citizens, especially women and religious minorities, and other towards nations" and "Omission of concepts ... that could encourage critical self awareness among students". (Nayyar & Salim 2003). The Pakistani Curriculum document for classes K-V stated in 1995 that "at the completion of Class-V, the child should be able to "Understand Hindu-Muslim differences and the resultant need for Pakistan. [p. 154]

A more recent textbook which was published in Pakistan and titled A Short History of Pakistan, edited by Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi, has been heavily criticized by academic peer-reviewers for anti-Hindu biases and prejudices that are consistent with Pakistani nationalism, where Hindus are portrayed as "villains" and Muslims as "victims" living under the "disastrous Hindu rule" and "betraying the Muslims to the British", characterizations that academic reviewers found "disquieting" and having a "warped subjectivity".[65][66][67]

Ameer Hamza, a leader of the terrorist group Lashkar-e-Taiba, wrote a highly derogatory book about Hinduism in 1999 called "Hindu Ki Haqeeqat" ("Reality of (a) Hindu"); he was not prosecuted by the Government.[68]

According to the Sustainable Development Policy Institute report 'Associated with the insistence on the Ideology of Pakistan has been an essential component of hate against India and the Hindus. For the upholders of the Ideology of Pakistan, the existence of Pakistan is defined only in relation to Hindus, and hence the Hindus have to be painted as negatively as possible'[69] A 2005 report by the National Commission for Justice and Peace a non profit organization in Pakistan, found that Pakistan Studies textbooks in Pakistan have been used to articulate the hatred that Pakistani policy-makers have attempted to inculcate towards the Hindus. "Vituperative animosities legitimise military and autocratic rule, nurturing a siege mentality. Pakistan Studies textbooks are an active site to represent India as a hostile neighbour", the report stated. "The story of Pakistan's past is intentionally written to be distinct from, and often in direct contrast with, interpretations of history found in India. From the government-issued textbooks, students are taught that Hindus are backward and superstitious." Further the report stated "Textbooks reflect intentional obfuscation. Today's students, citizens of Pakistan and its future leaders are the victims of these partial truths".[70][71][72][73]

An editorial in Dawn discussed a report by The Guardian noted that state-run schools, promoted extremism and bigotry. It highlighted that textbooks in Pakistani state schools propagate concepts like jihad, the inferiority of non-Muslims, and hostility towards India, which foster a bigoted and obscurantist mindset.[74][75] According to a study by a US government commission, textbooks in Pakistani schools foster prejudice and intolerance of Hindus and other religious minorities, and most teachers view non-Muslims as enemies of Islam.[76] According to historian Professor Mubarak Ali, textbook reform in Pakistan began with Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's introduction of Pakistan Studies and Islamic Studies in 1971. General Zia-ul-Haq later intensified historical revisionism, exploiting these reforms to promote a religiously exclusive narrative, which has contributed to intolerance and extremism. The broader context includes issues with outdated and biased textbook content, with reform efforts struggling to address these problems comprehensively.[77]

## Outside Asia

[edit]

### Australia

[edit]

In April 2024, a Hindu woman named Swastika Chandra from Sydney was banned from using the Uber app because it considered her first name (Swastika) to be offensive and related to Nazism. Swastika is a Hindu symbol of divinity and spirituality, however it's perception in other parts of the world is different due to the adoption of the symbol by the Nazi Party in the early 20th century. After a period of six months, Uber exempted the ban and apologized for the misunderstanding.[78]

### Fiji

[edit]

This article may be unbalanced toward certain viewpoints. Please improve the article by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the talk page. (September 2021)

|

By the time Fiji gained independence from colonial rule, Hindus and other Indo-Fijians constituted nearly fifty percent of the total Fijian population. Nevertheless, the colonial-era laws and the first constitution for Fiji, granted special rights to native Fijians.[citation needed] These laws relegated Hindus as second class citizens of Fiji without full rights. For example, it denied them property rights, such as the ability to buy or own land. Hindus and other Indo-Fijians have since then not enjoyed equal human rights as other Fijians. They can only work as tenant farmers for Fijian landlords.[79] The difference in human rights has been a continuing source of conflict between "native" Fijians and Indo-Fijians, with native Fijians believing Fiji to be their ancestral land that only they can own, and Indo-Fijians demanding equal rights for all human beings.[citation needed][dubious - discuss]

Beyond land ownership, Hindus have been persecuted in the Fijian communal structure. Spike Boydell states, "the [colonial authorities] introduced the divisive and unworkable system of communal representation and communal electoral rolls. Thus, different communities were represented by their own kind. This still extends to schooling in a prevailing quasi apartheid educational system."[80]

During the late 1990s, Fiji witnessed a series of riots by radical native Fijians against Hindus (and other Indo-Fijians). In the spring of 2000, the democratically elected Fijian government led by Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry, who was a Hindu, was held hostage by a group headed by George Speight. They demanded a segregated state exclusively for the native Fijians, thereby legally abolishing any human rights the Hindu inhabitants held up until then. Hindu owned shops, Hindu schools and temples were destroyed, vandalized and looted.[81][82]

The Methodist Church of Fiji and Rotuma, and particularly Sitiveni Rabuka who led the 1987 coup in Fiji, called for the creation of a Christian State and endorsed forceful conversion of Hindus after a coup d'état in 1987.[citation needed] In 2012, Fiji Methodist Church's president, Tuikilakila Waqairatu, called for Fiji to officially declare Christianity as the state religion; the Hindu community leaders demanded that Fiji be a secular state where religion and state are separate.[83]

### United Kingdom

[edit]

After the Leicester riots in October 2022, Hindu groups were set to boycott a review by Dr. Chris Allen, the review's head, because of perceived lack of impartiality.[84]

A national report in the UK found that 51% of Hindu parents reported their children facing Anti-Hindu hate in schools, and found that schools had failed to monitor and address the issues. It also reported several cases of physical assault as well as beef being thrown at a student.[85]

#### Conservative Party

[edit]

In October 2018, it was reported that Conservative Party candidate for the Mayor of London Shaun Bailey had written a pamphlet, entitled No Man's Land, for the Centre for Policy Studies. In it, Bailey argued that accommodating Hindus "[robs] Britain of its community" and it is also turning the country into a "crime riddled cess pool". He also claimed that South Asians "bring their culture, their country and any problems they might have, with them" and that this was not a problem within the black community "because we've shared a religion and in many cases a language".[86] In the pamphlet, Bailey confused the Hindu religion with the Hindi language: "You don't know what to do. You bring your children to school and they learn far more about Diwali than Christmas. I speak to the people who are from Brent and they've been having Hindi (sic) days off."[87]

James Cleverly, the Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Party, defended Bailey and suggested that Bailey's remarks were being misconstrued. He implied that black boys were turning to crime due to exposure to other religions rather than focusing on "their own Christian culture." However, the anti-racism organization Hope Not Hate condemned Bailey's comments as "grotesque."[88]

### United States

[edit]

See also: Persecution of Hindus § United States

The rise of the Indian American community in the United States has triggered some isolated attacks on them, as has been the case with many minority groups in the United States. Attacks which specifically target Hindus in the United States stem from what is often referred to as the "racialization of religion" among Americans, a process that begins when certain phenotypical features which are associated with a group and attached to race in popular discourse become associated with a particular religion or religions. The racialization of Hinduism in American perception has led Americans to perceive Hindus as belonging to a separate group and this contributes to prejudices against them.[89]

In 2019, Swaminarayan Temple in Kentucky was vandalised. They sprayed black paint on the deity and sprayed "Jesus is the only God" on the walls. The Christian cross was also spray painted on various walls.[90][better source needed] In April 2015, a Hindu temple in north Texas was vandalised when nasty images were spray-painted on its walls. In February 2015, Hindu temples in Kent and the Seattle Metropolitan area were also vandalised.[91][92]

In July 2019, a Hindu priest wearing his religious attire was physically assaulted by Sergio Gouveia in Queens, New York, just two blocks from Shiv Shakti Peeth Temple in Glen Oaks. A Senator and the New York State Attorney General have labeled it a hate crime, stating, "If someone is targeted because of religious robe and a couple of blocks from the temple where he resides, it is difficult to believe this was random." However, the New York police have not classified it as a hate crime.[93][94]

#### Pat Robertson

[edit]

In addition, anti-Hindu views have been expressed which are specifically based on misperceptions of the religion of Hinduism as well as mistaken racial perceptions. In the United States Pat Robertson has denounced Hinduism as "demonic", believing that when Hindus "feel any sort of inspiration, whether it's by a river or under a tree, on top of a hill, they figure that some God or spirit is responsible for that. And so they'll worship that tree, they'll worship that hill or they'll worship anything."[95] His remarks were widely condemned and disputed by Indian Americans and members of many non-partisan advocacy groups.[96] Evangelical leader Albert Mohler defended Robertson's remarks, saying "any belief system, any world view, whether it's Zen Buddhism or Hinduism or dialectical materialism for that matter, Marxism, that keeps persons captive and keeps them from coming to faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, yes, is a demonstration of satanic power."[97]

#### United States Congress

[edit]

Main article: Rajan Zed prayer protest

In July, 2007, The United States Senate conducted its morning prayer services with a Hindu prayer,[98] a historical first. During the service, three disruptors, named Ante Nedlko Pavkovic, Katherine Lynn Pavkovic and Christen Renee Sugar, from the Fundamentalist Christian activist group Operation Save America[99] protested by arguing that the Hindu prayer was "an abomination", and they also claimed that they were "Christians and Patriots". They were swiftly arrested and charged with disrupting Congress.[100][101]

The event generated a storm of protest by Christian right groups in the country, with the American Family Association (AFA) opposing the prayer and carrying out a campaign to lobby senators to protest against it.[102][103] Their representative attacked the proceedings as "gross idolatry".[99] The AFA sent an "Action Alert" to its members in which it asked them to e-mail, write letters, or call their Senators and ask them to oppose the Hindu prayer, stating that it is "seeking the invocation of a non-monotheistic god."[104][105][106] The "alert" stated that "since Hindus worship multiple gods, the prayer will be completely outside the American paradigm, flying in the face of the American motto One Nation Under God."[107] The convocation by Zed was in fact disrupted by three protesters in the gallery reportedly shouting "this is an abomination" and other complaints.[104]

Barry W. Lynn, executive director of Americans United for Separation of Church and State, said the protest "shows the intolerance of many religious right activists. They say they want more religion in the public square, but it's clear they mean only their religion."[99]

#### California Textbook Controversy

[edit]

Main article: California textbook controversy over Hindu history

A controversy in the US state of California concerning the portrayal of Hinduism in history textbooks began in 2005. A protest was led by Vedic Foundation (VF) and the American Hindu Education Foundation (HEF) by complaining to the California's Curriculum Commission, saying the coverage in sixth grade history textbooks of Indian history and Hinduism was biased against Hinduism; and points of contention includes a textbook's portrayal of the caste system, the Indo-Aryan migration theory, and the status of women in Indian society as the main features of Hinduism.

The California Department of Education (CDE) initially sought to resolve the controversy by appointing Shiva Bajpai, Professor Emeritus at California State University Northridge, as a one-man committee to review revisions proposed by the groups.[108] Michael Witzel and others revisited the proposed changed on behalf of the State Board of Education and suggested reverting some of the approved changes.[109] In early 2006, the Hindu American Foundation sued the State Board over matters of process;[109] the case was settled in 2009.

#### Dotbusters

[edit]

Main article: Dotbusters

The Dotbusters was a hate group in Jersey City, New Jersey, that attacked and threatened Indian-Americans in the fall of 1987.[110] The name originates from the bindi traditionally worn by Hindu women and girls on their forehead. In July 1987, they had a letter published in the Jersey Journal[111] stating that they would take any means necessary to drive the Indians out of Jersey City:

> I'm writing about your article during july [sic] about the abuse of Indian People. Well I'm here to state the other side. I hate them, if you had to live near them you would also. We are an organization called dot busters. We have been around for 2 years. We will go to any extreme to get Indians to move out of Jersey City. If I'm walking down the street and I see a Hindu and the setting is right, I will hit him or her. We plan some of our most extreme attacks such as breaking windows, breaking car windows, and crashing family parties. We use the phone books and look up the name Patel. Have you seen how many of them there are? Do you even live in Jersey City? Do you walk down Central avenue and experience what its [sic] like to be near them: we have and we just don't want it anymore. You said that they will have to start protecting themselves because the police cannot always be there. They will never do anything. They are a weak [sic] race physically and mentally. We are going to continue our way. We will never be stopped.[112]

## Resolutions and proclamations recognizing Hinduphobia

[edit]

In April 2023, Georgia became the first state in the United States to pass a resolution condemning Hinduphobia.[113][114][115] That same month, the city of Fremont, California issued a proclamation acknowledging that "Hindu Americans have been the targets of bullying, discrimination, hate speech, harassment, and bias-motivated crimes."[116]

## Criticism

[edit]

Some academics question the usage of the term "Hinduphobia" in the West. Brian Collins[b] found the tropes of Hinduphobia to be a popular weapon employed by the affluent Hindu diaspora in stifling critical academic discourses on Hinduism—parallels with Kansas creationists were drawn.[117] Scholars affiliated to South Asia Scholar Activist Collective (SASAC)[118][119] reject "Hinduphobia" as an ahistorical and inappropriate neologism employed by the Hindu Right in order to suppress academic inquiry into topics concerned with Hinduism, Hindutva, caste, and Indian State.[120][121] While racist and anti-Hindu prejudices have been indeed observed, in their view, Hindus have not faced any entrenched systematic oppression in India or United States.[120][121] The claimants of Hinduphobia were also accused of engaging in discrimination against Muslims, lower-castes, Dalits, Christians, and progressive Hindus.[121]

## See also

[edit]

* Anti-Indian sentiment
* Antiziganism
* 2022 Leicester unrest
* Pat Robertson
* Goa Inquisition
* 2023 Haryana riots
* Mappila riots
* Noakhali riots
* 2013 Bangladesh Anti-Hindu Violence
* 2024 Bangladesh Anti-Hindu violence

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ In a discourse on the related issue of California textbook controversy, Chinnaiah Jangam (Professor of South Asian History at Carleton University) had noted that Juluri did not have any academic training in history, swore by Brahminical ideology, and even wrote a book in defense of militant Hindu nationalism.[3] Juluri rejected the charges.[4]
2. ^ Collins is the Chair Professor in Indian Religion and Philosophy at Ohio University.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Long, Jeffery D. (December 2017). "Reflections on Hinduphobia: A Perspective from a Scholar-Practitioner" (PDF). Prabuddha Bharata. 122: 797–804.797-804&rft.date=2017-12&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Jeffery+D.&rft_id=https://www.esamskriti.com/essays/pdf/17%20Reflections%20on%20Hinduphobia%20PDF.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Anti-Hindu+sentiment" class="Z3988">
2. ^ Juluri, Vamsee (2020). ""Hindu nationalism" or "Hinduphobia"? : Ethnocentrism, errors, and bias in media and media studies". In Sharma, Divya (ed.). Ethics, Ethnocentrism and Social Science Research. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780429270260-8. ISBN 9780429270260. S2CID 226346622.
3. ^ Jangam, Chinnaiah (5 June 2015). "What Is at Stake in Rewriting California School Textbooks?". Economic and Political Weekly. 51 (29): 7–8.7-8&rft.date=2015-06-05&rft.aulast=Jangam&rft.aufirst=Chinnaiah&rft_id=https://www.epw.in/journal/2016/29/commentary/what-stake-rewriting-california-school-textbooks.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Anti-Hindu+sentiment" class="Z3988">
4. ^ Juluri, Vamsee (5 June 2015). "California Textbooks Issue: A Response". Economic and Political Weekly: 7–8.7-8&rft.date=2015-06-05&rft.aulast=Juluri&rft.aufirst=Vamsee&rft_id=https://www.epw.in/journal/2016/31/web-exclusives/california-textbooks-issue-response.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Anti-Hindu+sentiment" class="Z3988">
5. ^ "Who's afraid of dialogue?". The Hindu. 9 October 2001. Archived from the original on 23 May 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
6. ^ Bauman, Chad M. (2 February 2015). Pentecostals, Proselytization, and Anti-Christian Violence in Contemporary India. Oxford University Press. p. 125\. ISBN 9780190266318.
7. ^ Bagri, Neha Thirani (8 November 2014). "Indian Muslims Lose Hope in National Secular Party". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
8. ^ "Politician Akbaruddin Owaisi held over 'hate speeches'". BBC News. 8 January 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
9. ^ "Muslim preacher apologises for insulting Hinduism". Deccan Herald. 31 July 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2017.[permanent dead link‍]
10. ^ Engineer, Ashghar Ali (13–19 February 1999). "Hindu-Muslim Problem: An Approach". Economic and Political Weekly. 37 (7): 397. JSTOR 4407649.
11. ^ Altman, Michael (2017). Heathen, Hindoo, Hindu: American Representations of India, 1721-1893. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190654924.
12. ^ Kumar, Ruchi. "The decline of Afghanistan's Hindu and Sikh communities". aljazeera.com. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
13. ^ Bagchi, Joymala. "Sikh Afghan Nationals Narrate Their Stories Of Fear, Suppression And Anxiety Faced In Kabul". businessworld.in. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
14. ^ Taliban to mark Afghan Hindus, CNN (22 May 2001).
15. ^ a b Taliban to Require Identity Badges for Non-Muslims, PBS NewsHour, PBS (22 May 2001).
16. ^ a b Luke Harding, Taliban defends Hindu badges plan, The Guardian (23 May 2001).
17. ^ a b Jack Kelley, Taliban: Hindus must wear identity labels, USA Today (22 May 2001).
18. ^ Associated Press (22 May 2001). "Taliban to Enforce Hindu 'Badges.'" Wired. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
19. ^ Taliban drop badge policy for Hindus, United Press International (27 June 2001).
20. ^ "3.14.3. Hindus and Sikhs". European Union Agency for Asylum. 18 June 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2025.
21. ^ Print Article - Wanted: Some Hindu spine Archived 29 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine
22. ^ Bangladesh opposition leader accused of hurting religious sentiment. Agence-France Press. 18 November 1996.
23. ^ "Amnesty International Report". Archived from the original on 18 October 2006. Retrieved 21 September 2006.
24. ^ Habib, Haroon (1 March 2013). "44 killed in Bangladesh violence". The Hindu. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
25. ^ "Bagerhat Hindu Temple Set on Fire". bdnews24.com. 2 March 2013. Archived from the original on 7 April 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
26. ^ "US worried at violence". The Daily Star (Bangladesh). 12 March 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
27. ^ "Mozena: Violence is not the way to resolution". The Daily Ittefaq. 11 March 2013. Archived from the original on 16 November 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
28. ^ "Bangladesh: Wave of violent attacks against Hindu minority". Press releases. Amnesty International. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
29. ^ Ethirajan, Anbarasan (9 March 2013). "Bangladesh minorities 'terrorised' after mob violence". BBC News. London. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
30. ^ "Hindu households, temple attacked in Bangladesh". Deccan Herald. Dhaka. 5 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
31. ^ "Mob of 3000 people attacks Hindu households, temple in Bangladesh". DNA India. Dhaka. 5 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
32. ^ "Mob of 3000 attack Hindu households, temple in Bangladesh". Firstpost. Bangladesh. 5 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
33. ^ Johnson, George (10 August 2024). "Bangladesh Hindus targeted in attacks after fall of PM". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 August 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
34. ^ Bureau, The Hindu (2 September 2023). "Sanatana is against social justice and has to be eradicated: Udhayanidhi". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2 September 2023. `{{cite news}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
35. ^ ""Respect People Of Tamil Nadu But...": Mamata Banerjee On 'Sanatana' Remark". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 11 March 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
36. ^ "ऊँ और स्वास्तिक के चिन्ह पर पैर रखकर चल रहे थे लोग, चर्च में नफरत वाला काम". News18 हिंदी (in Hindi). 4 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
37. ^ Commune, The (5 April 2024). "Following Social Media Outcry, Pathway Leading To Church With Tiles Having Hindu Symbols Removed". The Commune. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
38. ^ "Deliberately hurting Hindu sentiments! Andhra Church uses 'Om' & 'Swastika' tiles for flooring". www.newsbharati.com. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
39. ^ "Telangana: Hyderabad Police arrests 2 men for vandalising Bhoolaxmi temple idol". mint. 27 August 2024. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
40. ^ Commune, The (27 August 2024). ""Do Not Dare Touch Our Temples," BJP Leader Madhavi Latha Warns Amidst Vandalism At Hyderabad's Bhoolaxmi Temple, Massive Protests And Tensions Erupt". The Commune. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
41. ^ "Telangana: Tensions Erupt After Temple Vandalised In Hyderabad". ABP Live. 27 August 2024. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
42. ^ Ansari, Nahid (15 September 2024). "Clashes erupt in UP's Mahoba after stone pelting during Ganesh idol procession". India Today. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
43. ^ Singh, Umesh (11 September 2024). "SP Lodha transferred following stone-pelting incident during a Ganesh idol procession in MP's Ratlam". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
44. ^ "Stones pelted at Ganesh pandal in Surat; 6 arrested". The Hindu. 9 September 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
45. ^ Samachar, Gujarat (11 September 2024). "After Surat stones pelted at Ganesh Pandal in Kutch". GujaratSamachar English. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
46. ^ Raj, Gayathri V (11 September 2024). "Nagamangala Ganesha procession news: Stone pelting, lathi charge during procession in Karnataka's Nagamangala, Section 144 imposed". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
47. ^ "Ganpati idol stone pelting incident: 52 held, BJP questions arrest of Hindu devotees". English.Mathrubhumi. 12 September 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
48. ^ "Bengaluru: Viral photo of Ganesh idol in police van sparks outrage". The Siasat Daily. 14 September 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
49. ^ Verma, Shivam (14 September 2024). "Picture of Lord Ganesha's idol in police van sparks row in Bengaluru: Here's what we know so far". DNA India. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
50. ^ "Lord Ganesha murti in Bengaluru police van sparks row: PM Modi says 'in Congress-ruled Karnataka, even…'". mint. 15 September 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
51. ^ Temple row - a dab of sensibility please,malaysiakini.com
52. ^ "Free domain sharing - Site not yet configured". gatago.com. Archived from the original on 4 November 2006.
53. ^ Pressure on multi-faith Malaysia,BBC
54. ^ a b Hindu group protests 'temple cleansing' in Malaysia Archived 4 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine,Financial Express
55. ^ Malaysia ethnic Indians in uphill fight on religion Reuters India - 8 November 2007
56. ^ Malaysia Muslims protest proposed Hindu temple Associated Press - 28 August 2009
57. ^ "Why democracy didn't take roots in Pakistan?". kashmirherald.com.
58. ^ Military drops leaflets in Waziristan Archived 17 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine, jang.com.pk
59. ^ Zamindar, Vazira Fazila-Yacoobali (2010). The Long Partition and the Making of Modern South Asia: Refugees, Boundaries, Histories. Columbia University Press. p. 72\. ISBN 9780231138475. "The logic of the hostage theory tied the treatment of Muslim minorities in India to the treatment meted out to Hindus in Pakistan."
60. ^ Dhulipala, Venkat (2015). Creating a New Medina: State Power, Islam, and the Quest for Pakistan in Late Colonial North India. Cambridge University Press. p. 19\. ISBN 9781316258385. "Within the subcontinent, ML propaganda claimed that besides liberating the 'majority provinces' Muslims it would guarantee protection for Muslims who would be left behind in Hindu India. In this regard, it repeatedly stressed the hostage population theory that held that 'hostage' Hindu and Sikh minorities inside Pakistan would guarantee Hindu India's good behaviour towards its own Muslim minority."
61. ^ Jones, Owen Bennett (2002). Pakistan: Eye of the Storm. Yale University Press. p. 31. ISBN 0300101473. Retrieved 9 December 2014. "separate electorates for minorities in pakistan."
62. ^ a b International Religious Freedom Report 2006 Published by the US Department of State
63. ^ "Pakistan". U.S. Department of State.
64. ^ "Abuse of History in Pakistan: Bangladesh to Kargil". Archived from the original on 14 November 2003. Retrieved 2007-01-29., by Dr. Yvette C Rosser
65. ^ Lehmann, F., 1968, Pacific Affairs, University of British Columbia, pp. 644–645
66. ^ Calkins, P. B. Pacific Affairs, University of British Columbia, pp. 643–644, 1968
67. ^ Ahmed, A., Pacific Affairs, University of British Columbia, pp. 645–647, 1968
68. ^ "Pakistan". U.S. Department of State.
69. ^ Nayyar, A.H. and Salim, A. (eds.)(2003). The subtle Subversion: A report on Curricula and Textbooks in Pakistan. Report of the project A Civil Society Initiative in Curricula and Textbooks Reform. Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Islamabad.
70. ^ Hate mongering worries minorities, Daily Times (Pakistan), 2006-04-25
71. ^ In Pakistan's Public Schools, Jihad Still Part of Lesson Plan - The Muslim nation's public school texts still promote hatred and jihad, reformers say. By Paul Watson, Times Staff Writer; 18 August 2005; Los Angeles Times. 4 Page article online Retrieved on 2 January 2010
72. ^ Primers Of Hate - History or biology, Pakistani students get anti-India lessons in all their textbooks; 'Hindu, Enemy Of Islam' - These are extracts from government-sponsored textbooks approved by the National Curriculum Wing of the Federal Ministry of Education. Archived 7 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine By AMIR MIR; 10 October 2005; Outlook India Magazine Retrieved on 2 January 2010
73. ^ Noor's cure: A contrast in views; by Arindam Banerji; 16 July 2003; Rediff India Abroad Retrieved on 2 January 2010
74. ^ Curriculum of hatred Archived 26 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Dawn, 2009-05-20
75. ^ ‘School texts spreading more extremism than seminaries’ By Our Special Correspondent; Tuesday, 19 May 2009; Dawn. Retrieved 1 January 2010
76. ^ "US commission: Pakistan schools teach Hindu hatred". The Boston Globe. Associated Press. 9 November 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
77. ^ The threat of Pakistan's revisionist texts, The Guardian, 2009-05-18
78. ^ "A woman called Swastika got an apology from Uber after it banned her because of her name". Business Insider. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
79. ^ Vasil, R. K. (1972) 'Communalism and constitution-making in Fiji', in Pacific Affairs 45 (1 & 2):21-41
80. ^ Spike Boydell (2001), Philosophical Perceptions of Pacific Property - Land as a Communal Asset in Fiji Department of Land Management and Development, School of Social and Economic Development, University of the South Pacific
81. ^ "Hindus in South Asia and the Diaspora: A Survey of Human Rights 2005". Hafsite.org. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
82. ^ FIJI 2012 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT
83. ^ Fiji Hindu group rejects Christian state calls Australian Broadcasting Corporation (6 Sep 2012)
84. ^ Watson, Greig (29 October 2022). "Leicester disorder: Hindu groups set to boycott review". BBC News. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
85. ^ "Anti-Hindu Hate In Schools".
86. ^ "Tory London mayoral candidate claimed celebrating Hindu and Muslim festivals has turned Britain into 'cesspool of crime'". The Independent. 4 October 2018. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
87. ^ Sonwalkar, Prasun (4 October 2018). "Anti-Hindu, Muslim views return to haunt London mayor candidate Shaun Bailey". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
88. ^ Sabbagh, Dan (4 October 2018). "Tory deputy chairman admits concerns about Shaun Bailey remarks". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
89. ^ Joshi, Khyati, The Racialization of Hinduism, Islam, and Sikhism in the United States, Equity & Excellence in Education, Volume 39, Number 3, August 2006, pp. 211–226(16)
90. ^ "Hindu temple vandalised with hate speech in US, hateful words written on walls". www.timesnownews.com. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
91. ^ "Hindu temple vandalised in U.S." The Hindu. PTI. 31 January 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
92. ^ "US: Hindu temple vandalized in Kentucky, deity sprayed black paint". in.news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
93. ^ "Community leaders rally around Hindu priest who was beaten". 23 July 2019.
94. ^ "State Attorney General James Calls Unprovoked Attack On Hindu Priest In Queens A Hate Crime". 23 July 2019.
95. ^ The 700 Club, 23 March 2006.
96. ^ "Using TV, Christian Pat Robertson Denounces Hinduism as "Demonic"". Archived from the original on 20 October 2009.
97. ^ The O'Reilly Factor, Fox News Channel. 17 March 2006.
98. ^ "Senate Prayer Led by Hindu Elicits Protest". The Washington Post. 13 July 2007. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2008.
99. ^ a b c "Christian protesters disrupt first Senate prayer by a Hindu". Boston Herald. Washington. 12 July 2007. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
100. ^ "A Hindu Prayer in the Senate Meets Protest". The New York Times. 13 July 2007. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
101. ^ A link to YouTube video on YouTube
102. ^ Michelle Boorstein, Hindu Groups Ask '08 Hopefuls to Criticize Protest, Washington Post (27 July 2007).
103. ^ A Prayer and Protest, Las Vegas Sun (13 July 2007).
104. ^ a b "Hindu Prayer in Senate Disrupted." Associated Press (published on NBC News). 2007-06-12. Retrieved on 2007-06-15
105. ^ "ActionAlert: Hindu to open Senate with prayer". American Family Association. Archived from the original on 15 July 2007.
106. ^ "Senate Prayer Led by Hindu Elicits Protest". washingtonpost.com.
107. ^ "Hindu to open Senate with prayer AFA Action Alert, July 10, 2007"
108. ^ flrvs. "A saffron assault abroad". Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
109. ^ a b "Hindu groups sue California Board of Education". Rediff. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
110. ^ Gutierrez, Elizabeth. "THE -DOTBUSTER- ATTACKS: HATE CRIME AGAINST ASIAN INDIANS IN JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY" (PDF). Geography and Urban Studies Temple UniversitY Philadelphia, PA 19122. p. 30. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
111. ^ Marriott, Michel (12 October 1987). "In Jersey City, Indians Protest Violence". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
112. ^ "On Common Ground: World Religions in America - The Pluralism Project".
113. ^ Now |, Times (1 April 2023). "Georgia legislature takes aim at attacks on Hinduism, passes resolution against Hinduphobia". The Economic Times. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
114. ^ "Georgia passes resolution condemning Hinduphobia, becomes first US state to do so". ANI News. 1 April 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
115. ^ "The resolution was initiated by representatives of Forsyth County as part of Hindu Advocacy Day!". Coalition of Hindus of North America. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
116. ^ April 18, 2023 City Council Meeting, retrieved 4 August 2023
117. ^ Collins, Brian (2014). "Introduction". The Head Beneath the Altar: Hindu Mythology and the Critique of Sacrifice. Michigan State University Press. pp. 26–28\. ISBN 978-1-61186-116-7. JSTOR 10.14321/j.ctt7zt5hc.4.26-28&rft.pub=Michigan+State+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.14321/j.ctt7zt5hc.4#id-name=JSTOR&rft.isbn=978-1-61186-116-7&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Anti-Hindu+sentiment" class="Z3988">
118. ^ "Hindutva's threat to academic freedom". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
119. ^ Prakash, Priyali (10 July 2021). "'Targeted by hate': Audrey Truschke on why she helped write a 'Hindutva Harassment Field Manual'". Scroll.in. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
120. ^ a b "Bad Faith Bias Claims". Hindutva Harassment Field Manual. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
121. ^ a b c "Glossary". Hindutva Harassment Field Manual. Retrieved 10 July 2021.

## Sources

[edit]

* Long, Jeffery D. (2011). Historical Dictionary of Hinduism. Scarecrow Press.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Balagangadhara, S.N.; Claerhout, Sarah (Spring 2008). "Are Dialogues Antidotes to Violence? Two Recent Examples From Hinduism Studies" (PDF). Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies. 7 (19): 118–143\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 August 2009. Retrieved 17 January 2009.118-143&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Balagangadhara&rft.aufirst=S.N.&rft.au=Claerhout,+Sarah&rft_id=http://www.jsri.ro/new/?download=19_balagangadhara_claerhout.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Anti-Hindu+sentiment" class="Z3988">
* Benkin, Richard L. (2014). A Quiet Case of Ethnic Cleansing - The Murder of Bangladesh's Hindus (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Akshaya Prakashan (published 1 January 2014). ISBN 978-8188643523.
* Kamra, A. J. (2000). The prolonged partition and its pogroms: Testimonies on violence against Hindus in East Bengal 1946-64. Voice of India. ISBN 9788185990637. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
* Rosser, Yvette Claire (2003). Islamization of Pakistani Social Studies Textbooks. Monograph (Observer Research Foundation). New Delhi: Rupa & Co. ISBN 9788129102218. Retrieved 23 January 2023..
* Chaturvedi, Vinayak (1 December 2021). "The Hindu Right and Attacks on Academic Freedom in the US". The Nation. Retrieved 23 January 2023.

## External links

[edit]

Wikiquote has quotations related to Anti-Hindu sentiment.

* HYPERLINK TO HINDUPHOBIA: Online hatred, extremism and bigotry against Hindus (PDF). Hindu American Foundation. 2007. Retrieved 23 January 2023.

* v
* t
* e

Hinduism topics

* Glossary
* Index
* Timeline

Philosophy|

| Concepts|

* Brahman
* Om
* Ishvara
* Atman
* Maya
* Karma
* Saṃsāra

* Puruṣārthas
* Dharma
* Artha
* Kama
* Moksha

* Niti
* Ahimsa
* Asteya
* Aparigraha
* Brahmacharya
* Satya
* Dāna
* Damah
* Dayā
* Akrodha

|

Schools|

* Āstika: Samkhya
* Yoga
* Nyaya
* Vaisheshika
* Mīmāṃsā
* Vedanta
* Svābhāvika Bhedābheda
* Dvaita
* Advaita
* Vishishtadvaita
* Nāstika: Charvaka

Texts|

| Classification|

* Śruti
* Smṛti

|

Vedas|

* Rigveda
* Yajurveda
* Samaveda
* Atharvaveda

Divisions|

* Samhita
* Brahmana
* Aranyaka

Upanishads|

* Aitareya
* Kaushitaki
* Brihadaranyaka
* Isha
* Taittiriya
* Katha
* Maitrayaniya
* Shvetashvatara
* Chandogya
* Kena
* Mundaka
* Mandukya
* Prashna

Upavedas|

* Ayurveda
* Dhanurveda
* Natyaveda
* Sthapatyaveda

Vedanga|

* Shiksha
* Chandas
* Vyākaraṇa
* Nirukta
* Kalpa
* Jyotisha

Other|

* Bhagavad Gita
* Agamas
* Itihasas
* Ramayana
* Mahabharata
* Puranas
* Minor Upanishads
* Arthashastra
* Nitisara
* Dharmaśāstra
* Manusmriti
* Nāradasmṛti
* Yājñavalkya Smṛti
* Sutras
* Stotras
* Subhashita
* Tantras
* Yoga Vasistha
* Yoga Sutras of Patanjali

Sangam literature|

* Tirumurai
* Divya Prabandham
* Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
* Thiruppugal
* Thirukkural
* Kamba Ramayanam
* Five Great Epics
* Eighteen Greater Texts
* Eighteen Lesser Texts
* Athichudi
* Iraiyanar Akapporul
* Abhirami Antati
* Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
* Vinayagar Agaval
* Vedarthasamgraha

Deities|

| Gods|

* Trimurti
* Brahma
* Vishnu
* Shiva
* Agni
* Dattatreya
* Ganesha
* Hanuman
* Indra
* Kartikeya
* Krishna
* Rama
* Surya
* Varuna
* Vayu
* more

|

Goddesses|

* Tridevi
* Saraswati
* Lakshmi
* Parvati
* Bhumi
* Durga
* Kali
* Mahavidya
* Matrika
* Radha
* Rukmini
* Sati
* Shakti
* Shashthi
* Sita
* more

Practices|

| Worship|

* Temple
* Murti
* Puja
* Bhakti
* Japa
* Bhajan
* Naivedhya
* Yajna
* Homa
* Tapas
* Dhyāna
* Tirthatana

|

Sanskaras|

* Garbhadhana
* Pumsavana
* Simantonayana
* Jatakarma
* Namakarana
* Nishkramana
* Annaprashana
* Chudakarana
* Karnavedha
* Vidyarambha
* Upanayana
* Keshanta
* Ritushuddhi
* Samavartanam
* Vivaha
* Antyeshti

Varnashrama|

* Varna
* Brahmin
* Kshatriya
* Vaishya
* Shudra
* Ashrama
* Brahmacharya
* Grihastha
* Vanaprastha
* Sannyasa

Festivals|

* Diwali
* Holi
* Shivaratri
* Raksha Bandhan
* Navaratri
* Durga Puja
* Ramlila
* Vijayadashami
* Ganesh Chaturthi
* Rama Navami
* Janmashtami
* Onam
* Pongal
* Makar Sankranti
* New Year
* Bihu
* Gudi Padwa
* Pahela Baishakh
* Puthandu
* Vaisakhi
* Vishu
* Ugadi
* Kumbh Mela
* Haridwar
* Nashik
* Prayag
* Ujjain

* Ratha Yatra
* Teej
* Vasant Panchami
* Others

Other|

* Svādhyāya
* Namaste
* Bindi
* Tilaka

Related|

* Hindus
* Etymology
* List
* Denominations
* Law
* Calendar
* Anti-Hindu sentiment
* Criticism
* Hindu gurus and sants
* Hindu studies
* Iconography
* Mythology
* Nationalism
* Hindutva
* Persecution
* Pilgrimage sites
* India
* Relations with other religions
* Baháʼí
* Buddhism
* Islam
* Jainism
* Judaism
* Sikhism
* Theosophy
* Glossary
* Hinduism by country
* Hindu temples
* List
* Architecture

Outline

* Category
* Portal
* WikiProject

* v
* t
* e

Religious persecution and discrimination

By group|

* Atheism
* Campaigns in China
* Exclusivism
* Baháʼí Faith
* Buddhism
* Christianity
* Persecution
* Catholicism
* Eastern Orthodoxy
* Coptic Christianity
* Jehovah's Witnesses
* LDS or Mormon
* Protestantism
* Tewahedo Orthodoxy
* post–Cold War era
* Falun Gong
* Hinduism
* Persecution
* Untouchability
* Islam
* Religious police
* Punishment of apostasy
* Persecution
* Ahmadiyya
* Shi'ism
* Sufism
* Sunnism
* minority Muslim
* Judaism
* Persecution
* Neopaganism
* Rastafari
* Sikhism
* Yazidism
* Zoroastrianism

Methods|

* Censorship
* Blasphemy law
* Blood libel
* Communal violence
* Cultural genocide
* Deprogramming
* Desecration
* Domicide
* Discrimination
* Ethnic cleansing
* Ethnic conflict
* Extrajudicial killing
* Extrajudicial punishment
* Exclusivism
* Forced conversion
* Forced displacement
* Hate crime
* Iconoclasm
* Intolerance
* Pogrom
* Police
* Political violence
* Population cleansing
* Population transfer
* Sectarian violence
* Social cleansing
* Segregation
* State atheism
* State religion
* Terrorism
* Violence
* War

Events|

* Persecution of Canaanite Pagans (1210 BC-1200 BC)
* Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire (64–313)
* Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire (c. 324–c. 491)
* Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent (c.550–c. 1200)
* Yellow Turban Rebellion (c.184–c. 205)
* Battle of Tours (732)
* Rhineland massacres (1096)
* Jerusalem massacre (1099)
* Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent (643–1526)
* Inquisition (1184–1908)
* Massacre at Ayyadieh (1191)
* Northern Crusades (12th–16th cent.)
* Crusades against Christians (13th–15th cent.)
* Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain (1500–1526)
* European wars of religion (1522–1712)
* Ottoman–Habsburg wars (1526–1791)
* Goa Inquisition (1561–1812)
* French Wars of Religion (1562–1598)
* Expulsion of the Moriscos (1609–1614)
* Test Acts (1673–1829)
* Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction (1683–1922)
* Christianization of the Sámi people (1700s)
* French Revolutionary dechristianisation (1789–1801)
* Utah War (1857–1858)
* 1860 Mount Lebanon civil war (1860)
* Circassian genocide (1864)
* Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)
* Adana massacre (1909)
* Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars (1912–1913)
* Greek genocide (1913–1922)
* Pontic Greek genocide
* Assyrian genocide (1914–1924)
* Armenian genocide (1915–1923)
* Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc (1917–1990)
* Soviet persecution (1922–1991)
* 1917-1921
* 1921-1928
* 1928-1941
* 1958-1964
* 1970-1987
* legislation
* Šahovići massacre (1924)
* White Terror (Spain) (1936–1975)
* Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses (1933)
* The Holocaust (1939–1945)
* Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia (1941–1945)
* Communist Polish persecution (1945–1989)
* Communist Romanian persecution (1945–1989)
* Noakhali riots (1946)
* Direct Action Day (1946)
* 1946 Bihar riots (1946)
* Rawalpindi massacres (1947)
* Persecution of Hindus in Pakistan (1947–ongoing)
* Violence against Muslims in India (1947–ongoing)
* Violence against Hindus in independent India (1947–ongoing)
* 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight (1948)
* Jewish exodus from the Muslim world (1948–1980)
* Antireligious campaigns in China (1949–ongoing)
* Persecution of Tibetans (1950–ongoing)
* Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria (1950)
* Religious violence in Nigeria (1953–ongoing)
* Istanbul pogrom (1955)
* Buddhist crisis (1963)
* Huế Phật Đản shootings (1963)
* Thích Quảng Đức (1963)
* Xá Lợi Pagoda raids (1963)
* Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)
* Four Olds (1966)
* Famen Temple (1966)
* Bangladesh genocide (1971)
* Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh (1971–ongoing)
* Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990)
* Cambodian genocide (1975–1979)
* 1984 anti-Sikh riots (1984)
* Revival Process (1984–1989)
* 1989 expulsion of Turks from Bulgaria (1989)
* Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus (1990)
* Yugoslav Wars (1991–2001)
* Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War (1992–1996)
* Bosnian genocide (1995)
* War crimes in the Kosovo War (1999)
* Walisongo school massacre (2000)
* Kosheh massacres (2000)
* September 11 attacks (2001)
* 2002 Gujarat riots (2002)
* South Thailand insurgency (2004–ongoing)
* Boko Haram insurgency (2009–ongoing)
* Maspero demonstrations (2011)
* Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh (2013–2016)
* Yazidi genocide (2014–2017)
* Genocide of Christians by ISIL (2014–ongoing)
* Iraqi Turkmen genocide (2014–2017)
* Persecution of Uyghurs in China (2014–ongoing)
* Rohingya genocide (2016–ongoing)
* Christchurch mosque shootings (2019)
* 2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings (2019)
* 2020 Delhi riots (2020)
* 7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel (2023)
* 2024 Istanbul church shooting
* Crocus City Hall attack (2024)

Religion

* v
* t
* e

Theology

Conceptions of God

| Theism|

| Forms|

*   * Deism
* Dystheism
* Henotheism
* Hermeticism
* Kathenotheism
* Nontheism
* Monolatry
* Monotheism
* Urmonotheismus
* Mysticism
* Panentheism
* Pandeism
* Pantheism
* Polydeism
* Polytheism
* Spiritualism
* Theistic finitism
* Theopanism

|

Concepts|

*   * Deity
* Divinity
* Gender of God and gods
* Goddess
* Numen

Singular god
theologies|

| By faith|

* Abrahamic religions
* Baháʼí Faith
* Judaism
* Christianity
* Islam
* Buddhism
* Hinduism
* Jainism
* Sikhism
* Tenrikyo
* Zoroastrianism

|

Concepts|

* Absolute
* Brahman
* Emanationism
* Logos
* Supreme Being

God as|

* Time
* Good (Ahura Mazda, Father of Greatness)

Trinitarianism|

* Athanasian Creed
* Comma Johanneum
* Consubstantiality
* Homoousian
* Homoiousian
* Hypostasis
* Perichoresis
* Shield of the Trinity
* Trinitarian formula
* Trinity
* Trinity of the Church Fathers
* Trinitarian universalism

Eschatology|

* Afterlife
* Apocalypticism
* Fate of the unlearned
* Fitra
* Heaven / Hell

| By religion|

* Buddhist
* Christian
* Hindu
* Islamic
* Jewish
* Taoist
* Zoroastrian

|

Feminist|

* Buddhism
* Christianity
* Hinduism
* Islam
* Judaism
* Mormonism
* Goddesses

Other concepts|

* Attributes of God in Christianity / in Islam
* Binitarianism
* Demiurge
* Divine simplicity
* Divine presence
* Egotheism
* Exotheology
* Hermeneutics
* Holocaust
* Godhead in Christianity
* Latter Day Saints
* Great Architect of the Universe
* Great Spirit
* Apophatic theology
* Olelbis
* Open theism
* Personal god
* Phenomenological definition
* Philo's view
* Process
* Tian
* Unmoved mover

Names of God in|

* Christianity
* Hinduism
* Islam
* Jainism
* Judaism

By faith

| Christian|

* History
* Outline
* Biblical canon
* Glossary
* Paterology
* Christology
* Pneumatology
* Cosmology
* Ecclesiology
* Eschatology
* Ethics
* Hamartiology
* Messianism
* Philosophy
* Political
* Practical
* Public
* Sophiology
* Soteriology

|

Hindu|

* Ayyavazhi theology
* Krishnology

Islamic|

* Oneness of God
* Prophets
* Holy Scriptures
* Angels
* Predestination
* Last Judgment

Jewish|

* Abrahamic prophecy
* Aggadah
* Denominations
* Kabbalah
* Philosophy

Pagan|

* Slavic Native Faith
* Wiccan

East Asian|

* Tenrikyo

Religion portal

* v
* t
* e

Discrimination

Forms|

* Institutional
* Structural
* Statistical
* Systemic
* Taste-based

Attributes|

* Age
* Caste
* Class
* Dialect
* Disability
* Economic
* Genetic
* Hair texture
* Height
* Language
* Looks
* Mental disorder
* Nationality or citizenship
* Race / Ethnicity
* Skin color
* Scientific racism
* Rank
* Sex
* Sexual orientation
* Species
* Size
* Viewpoint

Social|

* Arophobia
* Anti-albinism
* Acephobia
* Adultism
* Anti-altruistic
* Anti-autism
* Anti-homelessness
* Anti-drug addicts
* Anti-intellectualism
* Anti-intersex
* Anti-left handedness
* Anti-Masonry
* Aporophobia
* Audism
* Biphobia
* Clannism
* Elitism
* Ephebiphobia
* Health
* mental
* in poverty
* Fatphobia
* Gayphobia
* Gerontophobia
* Heterosexism
* HIV/AIDS stigma
* Hypergamy
* Homophobia
* In-group
* Leprosy stigma
* Lesbophobia
* Against men
* Misandry
* Misogyny
* Nepotism
* Outgroup
* Pedophobia
* Perpetual foreigner
* Pregnancy
* Sectarianism
* Supremacism
* Aryanism
* Autistic
* Black
* Hutu
* Chauvinism
* Han
* Female
* Human
* Nordicism
* Male
* Jewish
* Ultranationalism
* White
* Transphobia
* Non-binary
* Transmisogyny
* Trans men
* Vegaphobia
* Xenophobia

Religious|

* Atheism
* Campaigns in China
* Exclusivism
* Baháʼí Faith
* Buddhism
* Christianity
* Persecution
* Catholicism
* Eastern Orthodoxy
* Coptic Christianity
* Jehovah's Witnesses
* LDS or Mormon
* Protestantism
* Tewahedo Orthodoxy
* post–Cold War era
* Falun Gong
* Hinduism
* Persecution
* Untouchability
* Islam
* Religious police
* Punishment of apostasy
* Persecution
* Ahmadiyya
* Shi'ism
* Sufism
* Sunnism
* minority Muslim
* Judaism
* Persecution
* Neopaganism
* Rastafari
* Sikhism
* Yazidism
* Zoroastrianism

Race / Ethnicity|

* Afghan
* African
* Albanian
* Arab
* Armenian
* Asian
* France
* South Africa
* United States
* Assyrian
* Australian
* Austrian
* Azerbaijani
* Black people
* African Americans
* China
* South Africa
* Bengali
* Bulgarian
* Catalan
* Chechen
* Chinese
* Han people
* Colombian
* Croat
* Dutch
* English
* Estonian
* Filipino
* French
* Fulani
* Finnish
* Georgian
* German
* Greek
* Haitian
* Hazara
* Hungarian
* Igbo
* Indian
* Indigenous people
* Australia
* Canada
* United States
* Iranian
* Irish
* Italian
* Japanese
* Jewish
* Eliminationist
* New
* Religious
* Anti-Yiddish
* Zionist
* Korean
* Kurdish
* Lithuanian
* Malay
* Māori
* Mexican
* Middle Eastern
* Mongolian
* Montenegrin
* Nigerian
* Pakistani
* Palestinians
* Pashtun
* Polish
* Portuguese
* Quebec
* Romani
* Romanian
* Russian
* Scottish
* Serb
* Slavic
* Somali
* Spanish
* Taiwanese
* Tatar
* Thai
* Tibetan
* Turkish
* Ukrainian
* Uyghur
* Venezuelan
* Vietnamese
* Welsh
* White people

Manifestations|

* Algorithmic bias
* Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
* SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
* Blood libel
* Bullying
* Cancel culture
* Capital punishment for homosexuality
* Carnism
* Cognitive
* Compulsory sterilization
* Corrective rape
* Counter-jihad
* Cultural genocide
* Defamation
* Democide
* Dog whistle
* Domicide
* Economic
* Education
* Academic
* In curricula
* Sexism
* Eliminationism
* Eliminationist antisemitism
* Employment
* Enemy of the people
* Environmental racism
* Ethnic cleansing
* Ethnic conflict
* Ethnic hatred
* Ethnic joke
* Ethnocide
* Excellence
* Gender-based dress codes
* Cosmetics policy
* High heel policy
* Forced conversion
* Freak show
* Funding
* Gay bashing
* Gendercide
* Transgender genocide
* Genital modification and mutilation
* Circumcision
* Female genital mutilation
* Intersex medical interventions
* Genocide
* examples
* Glass ceiling
* Hate crime
* Disability hate crime
* Violence against LGBTQ people
* Violence against transgender people
* Hate group
* Hate speech
* Institutional
* Abuse
* Discrimination
* Racism
* Homeless dumping
* Housing
* Hypergamy
* Age disparity
* Indian rolling
* International inequality
* Kill Haole Day
* Lavender scare
* LGBTQ+
* grooming conspiracy theory
* Linguicide
* Lynching
* Media
* Minority stress
* Moral exclusion
* Mortgage
* Murder music
* Native American mascots
* Braves
* Blackhawks
* Chiefs
* Occupational
* Apartheid
* Inequality
* Injustice
* Segregation
* Opposition to immigration
* Paper genocide
* Persecution
* Pogrom
* Political
* Political repression
* Ideological repression
* Purge
* Racialization
* Religious persecution
* Religious terrorism
* Religious violence
* Religious war
* Scapegoating
* Segregation academy
* Selective prosecution
* Sentencing disparity
* Sexual harassment
* Sex-selective abortion
* Slut-shaming
* Structural abuse
* Structural discrimination
* Structural evil
* Structural inequality
* Structural violence
* Suicide
* Untermensch
* Trans bashing
* Victimisation
* Violence against women
* White flight
* White genocide conspiracy theory
* Wife selling
* Witch hunt

Discriminatory
policies|

* Algorithmic wage discrimination
* Age of candidacy
* Blood purity
* Blood quantum
* Breadwinner model
* Conscription and sexism
* Crime of apartheid
* Disabilities
* Catholic
* Jewish
* Disparate impact
* Fagging
* Gender pay gap
* Gender roles
* Protecting Women's Private Spaces Act
* Gerontocracy
* Gerrymandering
* Ghetto benches
* Internment
* Jewish quota
* Law for Protection of the Nation
* LGBTQ rights opposition
* MSM blood donation restrictions
* No kid zone
* Numerus clausus (as religious or racial quota)
* One-drop rule
* Racial quota
* Racial segregation
* Jim Crow laws
* Nuremberg Laws
* Racial steering
* Redlining
* Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
* Segregation
* age
* racial
* religious
* sexual
* Social exclusion
* Sodomy law
* State atheism
* State religion
* Ugly law
* Voter suppression

Countermeasures|

* Affirmative action
* Anti-discrimination law
* Anti-racism
* Audit study
* Autism rights movement
* Blind audition
* Constitutional colorblindness
* Cultural assimilation
* Cultural pluralism
* Diversity, equity, and inclusion
* Diversity training
* Empowerment
* Fat acceptance movement
* Feminism
* Fighting Discrimination
* Golden Rule
* Hate speech laws by country
* Human rights
* Intersex human rights
* Korenizatsiia
* LGBTQ rights
* Music in the movement against apartheid
* Nonviolence
* Racial integration
* Reappropriation
* Rock Against Sexism
* Self-determination
* Social integration
* Toleration
* Transgender rights movement
* Universal suffrage
* Women's rights

Related topics|

* Allophilia
* Alterity
* Amatonormativity
* Bias
* Cisnormativity
* Civil liberties
* Criminalization of homosexuality
* Dehumanization
* Diseases of despair
* Diversity
* Multiculturalism
* Neurodiversity
* Ethnic penalty
* Figleaf
* Gender-blind
* Heteronormativity
* Historical eugenics
* Internalized oppression
* Intersectionality
* Mad pride
* Masculism
* Medical model of disability
* autism
* Net bias
* Nonperson
* Oikophobia
* Oppression
* Police brutality
* Respect
* Polyculturalism
* Power distance
* Prejudice
* Prisoner abuse
* Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
* Racism by country
* Racial color blindness
* Religious intolerance
* Reverse discrimination
* Reverse racism
* Reverse sexism
* Second-generation gender bias
* Snobbery
* Social equity
* Social exclusion
* Social identity threat
* Social model of disability
* Social privilege
* Christian
* male
* white
* Social stigma
* Speciesism
* Stereotype
* threat
* The talk
* Zionism

* Category
* Commons

Authority control databases: National |

* United States
* Israel

|

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template