Aporrhaidae

Family of gastropods

Aporrhaidae

A shell of Aporrhais pespelecani, from Catalonia, Spain
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Mollusca
Class:  | Gastropoda
Subclass:  | Caenogastropoda
Order:  | Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:  | Stromboidea
Family:  | Aporrhaidae
Gray, 1850[1]
Genera

See text

Synonyms

* † Anchurinae Kollmann, 2009 · accepted, alternate representation
* Aporrhaididae (misspelling)
* Aporrhaiidae (Spelling variation)
* Aporrhainae Gray, 1850 · accepted, alternate representation
* † Arrhoginae Popenoe, 1983
* Chenopidae Deshayes, 1865
* † Dicrolomatidae Korotkov, 1992
* † Dimorphosominae Kollmann, 2009 · accepted, alternate representation
* † Harpagodinae Pchelintsev, 1963 · accepted, alternate representation
* † Perissopterinae Korotkov, 1992
* † Pterocerellinae Bandel, 2007 · accepted, alternate representation
* † Pugnellidae Kiel & Bandel, 1999[2] (original rank)
* † Pugnellinae Kiel & Bandel, 1999 · accepted, alternate representation
* Spinilomatinae Gründel, Nützel & Schulbert, 2009 · accepted, alternate representation
* † Struthiopterinae Zinsmeister & Griffin, 1995 · accepted, alternate representation
* † Tundorinae Bandel, 2007 †

Aporrhaidae is a family of sea snails commonly called the "pelican's foot snails." The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005[3] categorizes Aporrhaidae as marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.

Aporrhaids are commercially important, especially in traditional fisheries.[4]

## Description[edit]

Aporrhaids have a large lip with finger-like extensions, and a small operculum. They do not have movable eyes. Instead, their eyes are fixed at the base of each tentacle.[5]

The mollusk has one narrow foot, which renders its motion interrupted as the foot must raise the shell a tiny bit in each single movement, simultaneously pushing it forward. The motion must be repeated again and again for the mollusk to travel.[6]

## Habitat[edit]

Aporrhaidae live on muddy and sandy bottoms, sometimes in very large populations.

## Subfamilies[edit]

Subfamilies in the family Aporrhaidae include:

* Aporrhainae Gray, 1850 - synonym: Chenopidae Deshayes, 1865
* Arrhoginae Popenoe, 1983 - synonyms: Alariidae Koken, 1889 (inv.); Dicrolomatidae Korotkov, 1992
* † Harpagonidae Pchelintsev, 1963
* † Perissopterinae Korotkov, 1992 - synonym: Struthiopterinae Zinsmeister & Griffin, 1995
* † Spinigerinae Korotkov, 1992 (inv.)

Aporrhais from the Pliocene of Cyprus.

## Genera[edit]

There are only two Recent genera:[7][8]

* Aporrhais da Costa, 1778
* Arrhoges Gabb, 1868
* † Dicroloma Gabb, 1868
* † Drepanocheilus Meek, 1864
* † Hemichenopus Steinmann & Wilckens, 1908
* † Struthioptera Finlay & Marwick, 1937

Fossil genera within the family Aporrhaidae include:

* Alarimella Saul, 1998
* Anchura Conrad, 1860
* Antarctohoges Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992
* Araeodactylus Harris & Burrows, 1891
* Auriala Hacobjan, 1976
* Austroaporrhais Zinsmeister & Griffin, 1995
* Bicorempterus Gründel, 2001
* Ceratosiphon Gill, 1870
* Cultrigera Böhm, 1885
* Cuphosolenus Piette, 1876
* Cuphotifer Piette, 1876
* Cyclomolops Gabb, 1868
* Diarthema Piette, 1864
* Digitolabrum Cossmann, 1904
* Dimorphosoma Gardner, 1875
* Graciliala Sohl, 1960
* Goniocheila Gabb, 1868
* Helicaulax Gabb, 1868
* Kangilioptera Rosenkrantz, 1970
* Kaunhowenia Abdel Gawad, 1986
* Latiala Sohl, 1960
* Lispodesthes White, 1875
* Maussenetia Cossmann, 1904
* Mexopus Kiel & Perrilliat, 2001
* Monocuphus Piette, 1876
* Perissopter Tate, 1865
* Peruchilus Olsson, 1931
* Pietteia Cossmann, 1904
* Platyoptera Conrad, 1855
* Pseudanchura Kollmann, 2005
* Pterocerella Meek, 1864
* Pugioptera Pchelincev, 1953
* Strombopugnellus Koch, 1911
* Struthiochenopus Zinsmeister & Griffin, 1995
* Teneposita Loch, 1989
* Tessarolax Gabb, 1864
* Tibiaporrhais Elder, 1990
* Toarctocera Gründel, Nützel & Schulbert, 2009[9] \- type species: Rostellaria subpunctata \- Toarctocera subpunctata (von Munster in Goldfuss, 1826–1844)
* Trilemma Blagovetshenskiy & Shumilkin, 2006
* Tulochilus Finlay & Marwick, 1937
* Tundora Stephenson, 1941
* Ueckeritzella Gründel, 1998
* Wateletia Cossmann, 1889

## References[edit]

1. ^ Gray J. E. 1850\. Figures of molluscous animals selected from various authors. Etched for the use of students by M. E. Gray. Volume 4. Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, London. iv+219 pp. Apporhaidae at page 66.
2. ^ Kiel S. & Bandel K. (1999). "The Pugnellidae, a new stromboidean family from the Upper Cretaceous". Paläontologische Zeitschrift 73(1-2): 47-58, 6 Figs., Stuttgart. PDF[permanent dead link]
3. ^ Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997. 397 pp. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278
4. ^ "Shells aporrhaidae". Archived from the original on 2005-03-05. Retrieved 2009-03-07.
5. ^ "Aporrhaidae (Pelicans Foot)". Archived from the original on 2019-02-22. Retrieved 2009-03-07.
6. ^ "TrekNature | A Pelican's foot for Ahmet Photo".
7. ^ Gofas, S. (2012). Aporrhaidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=22988 on 2012-09-27
8. ^ Kronenberg, G.C. 1991: The Recent species of the family Aporrhaidae. Vita marina, 41(2): 73-84.
9. ^ Gründel, J., Nützel A. & Schulbert C. (24 July) 2009. Toarctocera (Gastropoda, Aporrhaidae): a new genus from the Jurassic (Toarcian/Aalenian) of South Germany and the early evolutionary history of the family Aporrhaidae. Paläontologische Zeitschrift (online), PDF

* Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp.

## External links[edit]

* Data related to Aporrhaidae at Wikispecies
* Media related to Aporrhaidae at Wikimedia Commons
* Gastropoda Stromboidea - Ulrich Wieneke and Han Stoutjesdijk

Taxon identifiers|

* Wikidata: Q619733
* Wikispecies: Aporrhaidae
* BOLD: 82536
* CoL: 7NFYP
* EoL: 2568132
* Fossilworks: 53504
* GBIF: 4304980
* IRMNG: 105046
* ITIS: 72549
* NBN: NHMSYS0021055551
* NCBI: 387441
* uBio: 501926
* WoRMS: 22988

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