Atheism in the United States

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2024)

|

American atheistsTotal population

56,000,000 (17%)
(answered "No" to the question "Do you believe in God?")
(2017)[1]
9,571,112 (3.1%)
(self described atheists)
(2014)[2][3]
Religions

* Irreligion:
* (including antitheism, agnostic atheism, apatheism, casualism, counter-apologeticism, debaptism evangelical atheism, freethought/freethinker, ignosticism, implicit and explicit atheism, Marxist–Leninist atheism, negative and positive atheism, nonbeliever, nontheism, post-theism, rationalism, new/scientific atheism, physicalism, metaphysical naturalism, logicalism, secular humanism, skepticism, etc.)
* Secular religions:
* Buddhism
* (including secular Buddhism, etc.)
* Christian atheism
* (including Cultural Christian (Cultural Catholic, Cultural Mormon, Nontheist Quakers, etc.), Lapsed Catholic, Recovering Catholic etc.)
* Ethical movement
* Hinduism
* (including Adevism, Charvaka, Hindu atheist, etc.)
* Jainism
* Jewish atheism
* (including Cultural Judaism, etc.)
* Modern Paganism
* Muslim atheism
* (including Cultural Muslim, etc.)
* New religious movements
* (including Creativity, Raëlism, etc.)
* Parody religions
* (including Church of Satan, Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster/Pastafarianism, Invisible Pink Unicorn, Jediism, LaVeyan Satanism, etc.)
* Satanism
* Unitarian Universalism

A 2023 poll by the Pew Research Center found that 4% of Americans in the United States self-identified as atheists.[4] This is an increase from 3.1% of Americans in 2014.[3] However, in 2014, 9% of Americans agreed with the statement "Do not believe in God" while 2% agreed with the statement "Do not know if they believe in God".[3] According to a poll by non-profit PRRI in 2023, 4% of Americans were atheist and 5% were agnostic.[5] Polling by Gallup in 2022 showed that 17% of respondents replied "No" when asked "Do you believe in God?" in a binary fashion, but when worded differently in 2023, Gallup found that 12% of respondents replied they "Do not believe in" God and 14% replied they were "Not sure about" the existence of God.[6] According to Gallup, there are variations in their polling results because they ask about God in three different wordings, each with a different result.[7]

Part of a series on

Atheism

Concepts

* Implicit and explicit atheism
* Naturalism
* Negative and positive atheism

History

* History of atheism
* Atheism during the Age of Enlightenment
* New Atheism

Society

* Atheist feminism
* Criticism of religion
* Demographics of atheism
* Discrimination against atheists
* Secular ethics
* Secularism
* Separation of church and state
* State atheism

Arguments

Arguments for atheism

* Atheist's wager
* Creator of God
* Evil God challenge
* Fate of the unlearned
* Free will
* God of the gaps
* Hitchens's razor
* Incompatible properties
* Inconsistent revelation
* Nonbelief
* Occam's razor
* Omnipotence paradox
* Parody religion
* Poor design
* Problem of evil
* Problem of Hell
* Russell's teapot
* Theological noncognitivism

People

|  Lists of atheists

* Julian Baggini
* Mikhail Bakunin
* Mario Bunge
* Albert Camus
* Richard Dawkins
* Daniel Dennett
* Denis Diderot
* Ludwig Feuerbach
* A. C. Grayling
* Sam Harris
* Christopher Hitchens
* Baron d'Holbach
* Lawrence Krauss
* Michael Lou Martin
* Karl Marx
* Jean Meslier
* Friedrich Nietzsche
* Michel Onfray
* Bertrand Russell
* Peter Singer
* Victor J. Stenger

Books

* Atheism: The Case Against God
* Breaking the Spell
* De rerum natura
* The End of Faith
* The God Delusion
* God Is Not Great
* The System of Nature

Related stances

|  Irreligion

* Agnosticism
* Freethought
* Secular humanism

Atheism and religion

* Criticism of atheism

* Outline
* Category
* Philosophy portal
* WikiProject

* v
* t
* e

According to the 2014 General Sociological Survey, the number of atheists and agnostics in the U.S. grew over the previous 23 years. In 1991, only 2% identified as atheist, and 4% identified as agnostic; while in 2014, 3.1% identified as atheists, and 5% identified as agnostics.[8]

According to the 2008 ARIS, only 2% the US population was atheist, while 10% were agnostics.[9]

One 2018 research paper using indirect methods estimated that 26% of Americans are atheists, which is much higher than the 3%-11% rates that are consistently found in surveys.[10] However, methodological problems have been identified with this particular study; in particular, it has been posted that many people might not have a binary outlook to the question of the existence of God.[11]

Accurate demographics of atheism are difficult to obtain since conceptions of atheism and self-identification are context dependent by culture.[12] In 2009, Pew stated that only 5% of the US population did not have a belief in a god and out of that small group only 24% self-identified as "atheist", while 15% self-identified as "agnostic" and 35% self-identified as "nothing in particular".[13] In 2023, Pew stated that 23% of atheists believe in a higher power, but not a god.[14]

## Demographics (2014)

[edit]

### Age

[edit]

Lack of belief in god/gods among age groups in the United States (2014)  Age group  | % of lack of belief in god/gods  | % of self described atheists | Source

|
|
|

18-29 year olds  | 16  | 16

| 6  | 6

| [3]
30-49 year olds  | 9  | 9

| 3  | 3

| [3]
All Americans | 9  | 9

| 3.1  | 3.1

| [3]
50-64 year olds  | 6  | 6

| 2  | 2

| [3]
65+ year olds  | 6  | 6

| 2  | 2

| [3]

### Education

[edit]

Lack of belief in god/gods among education in the United States (2014)  Highest degree earned  | % of lack of belief in god/gods  | % of self described atheists  | Source

|
|
|

Post-graduate degree | 14  | 14

| 5  | 5

| [3]
College graduate  | 14  | 14

| 5  | 5

| [3]
All Americans | 9  | 9

| 3.1  | 3.1

| [3]
Some college | 9  | 9

| 3  | 3

| [3]
High school or less  | 6  | 6

| 2  | 2

| [3]

### Gender

[edit]

Lack of belief in god/gods among genders in the United States (2014)  Gender  | % of lack of belief in god/gods  | % of self described atheists  | Source

|
|
|

Male American  | 12  | 12

| 4  | 4

| [3]
Americans | 9  | 9

| 3.1  | 3.1

| [3]
Female American  | 6  | 6

| 2  | 2

| [3]

### Generation

[edit]

Lack of belief in god/gods among generations in the United States (2014)  Generation  | % of lack of belief in god/gods  | % of self described atheists  | Source

|
|
|

Younger Millennial Americans  | 17  | 17

| 6  | 6

| [3]
Older Millennial Americans  | 13  | 13

| 4  | 4

| [3]
Americans | 9  | 9

| 3.1  | 3.1

| [3]
Generation X Americans  | 9  | 9

| 3  | 3

| [3]
Greatest Americans  | 7  | 7

| 2  | 2

| [3]
Baby Boomer Americans  | 6  | 6

| 2  | 2

| [3]
Silent Americans  | 6  | 6

| 1  | 1

| [3]

### Household income

[edit]

Lack of belief in god/gods among household income in the United States (2014)  Cohort  | % of lack of belief in god/gods  | % of self described atheists  | Source

|
|
|

$100,000 or more, Americans  | 14  | 14

| 5  | 5

| [3]
$50,000-$99,999, Americans  | 11  | 11

| 3  | 3

| [3]
$30,000-$49,999, Americans  | 9  | 9

| 3  | 3

| [3]
Americans | 9  | 9

| 3.1  | 3.1

| [3]
Less than $30,000, Americans  | 7  | 7

| 2  | 2

| [3]

### Immigrant status

[edit]

Lack of belief in god/gods among immigrant status in the United States (2014)  Generation  | % of lack of belief in god/gods  | % of self described atheists  | Source

|
|
|

Second generation Americans  | 14  | 14

| 4  | 4

| [3]
Americans | 9  | 9

| 3.1  | 3.1

| [3]
Third generation or higher Americans  | 9  | 9

| 3  | 3

| [3]
Immigrants  | 8  | 8

| 3  | 3

| [3]

### Marital status

[edit]

Lack of belief in god/gods among marital status in the United States (2014)  Cohort  | % of lack of belief in god/gods  | % of self described atheists  | Source

|
|
|

Never married Americans  | 15  | 15

| 5  | 5

| [3]
Living with a partner Americans  | 14  | 14

| 5  | 5

| [3]
Americans | 9  | 9

| 3.1  | 3.1

| [3]
Married Americans  | 7  | 7

| 2  | 2

| [3]
Divorced/separated Americans  | 6  | 6

| 2  | 2

| [3]
Widowed Americans  | 3  | 3

| 1  | 1

| [3]

### Metro area

[edit]

Lack of belief in god/gods/self described atheists among metro areas in the United States (2014)  State/federal district  | % of lack of belief in god/gods  | % of self described atheists  | Source

|
|
|

Greater San Francisco Bay Area | 21  | 21

| 5  | 5

| [3]
Seattle metropolitan area | 20  | 20

| 10  | 10

| [3]
Boston metropolitan area | 17  | 17

| 4  | 4

| [3]
Providence metropolitan area | 15  | 15

| 4  | 4

| [3]
Baltimore metropolitan area | 14  | 14

| 3  | 3

| [3]
Philadelphia metropolitan area | 13  | 13

| 5  | 5

| [3]
Tampa metropolitan area | 13  | 13

| 4  | 4

| [3]
San Diego metropolitan area | 12  | 12

| 3  | 3

| [3]
Washington metropolitan area | 12  | 12

| 4  | 4

| [3]
Greater Los Angeles Area | 11  | 11

| 4  | 4

| [3]
New York metropolitan area | 11  | 11

| 4  | 4

| [3]
Phoenix metropolitan area | 11  | 11

| 3  | 3

| [3]
Chicago metropolitan area | 10  | 10

| 3  | 3

| [3]
Americans | 9  | 9

| 3.1  | 3.1

| [3]
Detroit metropolitan area | 9  | 9

| 3  | 3

| [3]
Miami metropolitan area | 9  | 9

| 3  | 3

| [3]
Riverside metropolitan area | 8  | 8

| 1  | 1

| [3]
Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex | 7  | 7

| 1  | 1

| [3]
Atlanta metropolitan area | 6  | 6

| 3  | 3

| [3]
Houston metropolitan area | 6  | 6

| 2  | 2

| [3]
St. Louis metropolitan area | 6  | 6

| 3  | 3

| [3]
Pittsburgh metropolitan area | 5  | 5

| 3  | 3

| [3]

### Political affiliation

[edit]

Lack of belief in god/gods among political affiliation in the United States (2014)  Political affiliation  | % of lack of belief in god/gods  | % of self described atheists  | Source

|
|
|

Democrat/Lean Democrat Americans  | 13  | 13

| 5  | 5

| [3]
Americans | 9  | 9

| 3.1  | 3.1

| [3]
No lean, Americans  | 9  | 9

| 3  | 3

| [3]
Republican/Lean Republican Americans  | 5  | 5

| 1  | 1

| [3]

### Parental status

[edit]

Lack of belief in god/gods among parental status in the United States (2014)  Parental status  | % of lack of belief in god/gods  | % of self described atheists  | Source

|
|
|

Non-parents of children under 18 year old Americans  | 10  | 10

| 3  | 3

| [3]
Americans | 9  | 9

| 3.1  | 3.1

| [3]
Parents of children under 18 year old Americans  | 7  | 7

| 2  | 2

| [3]

### Political ideology

[edit]

Lack of belief in god/gods among political ideology in the United States (2014)  Political ideology  | % of lack of belief in god/gods  | % of self described atheists  | Source

|
|
|

Liberal Americans  | 19  | 19

| 7  | 7

| [3]
Americans | 9  | 9

| 3.1  | 3.1

| [3]
Moderate Americans  | 9  | 9

| 3  | 3

| [3]
Don't know, Americans  | 8  | 8

|  | [3]
Conservative Americans  | 3  | 3

| 1  | 1

| [3]

### Race

[edit]

Lack of belief in god/gods among racial groups in the United States (2014)  Racial group  | % of lack of belief in god/gods  | % of self described atheists  | Source

|
|
|

Asian Americans | 19  | 19

| 6  | 6

| [3]
White Americans | 11  | 11

| 4  | 4

| [3]
Americans | 9  | 9

| 3.1  | 3.1

| [3]
Other/Mixed Americans | 8  | 8

| 2  | 2

| [3]
Latino Americans | 6  | 6

| 2  | 2

| [3]
African Americans | 2  | 2

| 1  | 1

| [3]

### Region

[edit]

Lack of belief in god/gods/self described atheists among regions in the United States (2014)  State/federal district  | % of lack of belief in god/gods  | % of self described atheists  | Source

|
|
|

Northeastern United States | 12  | 12

| 4  | 4

| [3]
Western United States | 12  | 12

| 4  | 4

| [3]
Americans | 9  | 9

| 3.1  | 3.1

| [3]
Midwestern United States | 8  | 8

| 3  | 3

| [3]
Southern United States | 7  | 7

| 2  | 2

| [3]

### Religion

[edit]

Lack of belief in god/gods among religious/belief groups in the United States (2014)  Religious group  | % of lack of belief in god/gods  | Source

|
|

Atheist Americans  | 92  | 92

| [3]
Agnostic Americans  | 41  | 41

| [3]
Nothing in particular (religion not important), Americans | 33  | 33

| [3]
Unaffiliated Americans | 33  | 33

| [3]
Buddhist Americans | 27  | 27

| [3]
New Age movement, Americans  | 21  | 21

| [3]
Nothing in particular, Americans | 20  | 20

| [3]
Unitarians and other liberal faiths in "other faiths", Americans  | 19  | 19

| [3]
Jewish Americans | 17  | 17

| [3]
Hindu Americans | 10  | 10

| [3]
Americans | 9  | 9

| [3]
Episcopalian (Mainline Protestant) Americans  | 4  | 4

| [3]
Anglican Church, Americans  | 3  | 3

| [3]
Episcopal Church, Americans  | 3  | 3

| [3]
Nothing in particular (religion important), Americans  | 3  | 3

| [3]
Eastern Orthodox Americans | 3  | 3

| [3]
Lutheran (Mainline Protestant) Americans  | 2  | 2

| [3]
Mainline Protestant Americans  | 2  | 2

| [3]
Nondenominational (Mainline Protestant) Americans  | 2  | 2

| [3]
Roman Catholic Americans | 2  | 2

| [3]
Baptist (Mainline Protestant) Americans  | 1  | 1

| [3]
Christian Americans | 1  | 1

| [3]
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Americans  | 1  | 1

| [3]
Muslim Americans | 1  | 1

| [3]
Pentecostal (Evangelical Protestant) Americans  | 1  | 1

| [3]
Presbyterian (Evangelical Protestant) Americans  | 1  | 1

| [3]
Presbyterian (Mainline Protestant) Americans  | 1  | 1

| [3]
Presbyterian Church in America, Americans  | 1  | 1

| [3]
Presbyterian Church, Americans  | 1  | 1

| [3]
United Church of Christ, Americans  | 1  | 1

| [3]
United Methodist Church, Americans  | 1  | 1

| [3]
Adventist (Evangelical Protestant) Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
African Methodist Episcopal Church, Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
American Baptist Churches, Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Assemblies of God, Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Baptist (Evangelical Protestant) Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Baptist (Historically Black Protestant) Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Church of God, Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Church of God in Christ, Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Mormon, Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Church of the Nazarene, Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Churches of Christ, Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Evangelical Protestant Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Historically Black Protestant, Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Holiness (Evangelical Protestant), Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Independent Baptist (Evangelical Protestant) Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Interdenominational (Evangelical Protestant) Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Interdenominational (Mainline Protestant) Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Jehovah's Witness, Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Lutheran (Evangelical Protestant) Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Methodist (Historically Black Protestant) Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Mormon Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
National Baptist Convention, Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Nondenominational (Evangelical Protestant) Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Nondenominational (Historically Black Protestant) Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Nondenominational charismatic Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Nondenominational evangelical Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Nondenominational fundamentalist Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Pentecostal (Historically Black Protestant) Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Restorationist (Evangelical Protestant) Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Seventh-day Adventist Americans  | <1 |  | [3]
Southern Baptist Convention, Americans  | <1 |  | [3]

### Sexual orientation

[edit]

Self described atheists among sexual orientations in the United States (2014)  Sexual orientation  | % of self described atheists  | Source

|
|

LGBT Americans  | 8  | 8

| [3]
Americans | 3.1  | 3.1

| [3]
Straight Americans  | 3  | 3

| [3]

### State/federal district

[edit]

Disbelief in god/gods in the United States by state/territory in 2014

>20%

15–19

10–14

7–9%

4–6%

<4%

Lack of belief in god/gods/self described atheists among states/local district in the United States (2014)  State/federal district  | % of lack of belief in god/gods  | % of self described atheists  | Source

|
|
|

| # of population  |  | # of population  |
Vermont | 131,406  | 21  | 21

| 43,802  | 7  | 7

| [3][2]
Massachusetts | 1,178,573  | 18  | 18

| 327,381  | 5  | 5

| [3][2]
Maine | 212,538  | 16  | 16

| 26,567  | 2  | 2

| [3][2]
New Hampshire | 210,635  | 16  | 16

| 78,988  | 6  | 6

| [3][2]
District of Columbia | 84,241  | 14  | 14

| 24,069  | 4  | 4

| [3][2]
Oregon | 498,040  | 13  | 13

| 191,554  | 5  | 5

| [3][2]
Washington | 874,190  | 13  | 13

| 336,227  | 5  | 5

| [3][2]
Alaska | 85,228  | 12  | 12

| 35,512  | 5  | 5

| [3][2]
California | 4,470,475  | 12  | 12

| 1,490,158  | 4  | 4

| [3][2]
Connecticut | 427,834  | 12  | 12

| 178,264  | 5  | 5

| [3][2]
Nevada | 324,066  | 12  | 12

| 135,028  | 5  | 5

| [3][2]
Wisconsin | 682,438  | 12  | 12

| 170,610  | 3  | 3

| [3][2]
New York | 2,131,591  | 11  | 11

| 968,905  | 5  | 5

| [3][2]
Idaho | 172,434  | 11  | 11

| 31,352  | 2  | 2

| [3][2]
New Mexico | 226,510  | 11  | 11

| 61,775  | 3  | 3

| [3][2]
Rhode Island | 115,782  | 11  | 11

| 42,103  | 4  | 4

| [3][2]
Arizona | 639,202  | 10  | 10

| 191,761  | 3  | 3

| [3][2]
Colorado | 502,920  | 10  | 10

| 201,168  | 4  | 4

| [3][2]
Florida | 1,880,131  | 10  | 10

| 564,039  | 3  | 3

| [3][2]
Indiana | 648,380  | 10  | 10

| 194,514  | 3  | 3

| [3][2]
Maryland | 577,355  | 10  | 10

| 173,207  | 3  | 3

| [3][2]
Pennsylvania | 1,270,238  | 10  | 10

| 381,071  | 3  | 3

| [3][2]
Hawaii | 122,427  | 9  | 9

| 27,206  | 2  | 2

| [3][2]
Illinois | 1,154,757  | 9  | 9

| 384,919  | 3  | 3

| [3][2]
Iowa | 274,172  | 9  | 9

| 121,854  | 4  | 4

| [3][2]
Michigan | 889,528  | 9  | 9

| 296,509  | 3  | 3

| [3][2]
Minnesota | 477,353  | 9  | 9

| 159,118  | 3  | 3

| [3][2]
Nebraska | 164,371  | 9  | 9

| 18,263  | 1  | 1

| [3][2]
United States | 27,787,098  | 9  | 9

| 9,571,112  | 3.1  | 3.1

| [3][2]
Montana | 79,153  | 8  | 8

| 39,577  | 4  | 4

| [3][2]
New Jersey | 703,352  | 8  | 8

| 175,838  | 2  | 2

| [3][2]
North Dakota | 53,807  | 8  | 8

| 13,452  | 2  | 2

| [3][2]
Utah | 221,111  | 8  | 8

| 82,917  | 3  | 3

| [3][2]
Virginia | 640,082  | 8  | 8

| 160,020  | 2  | 2

| [3][2]
Kentucky | 303,756  | 7  | 7

| 173,574  | 4  | 4

| [3][2]
Delaware | 62,855  | 7  | 7

| 17,959  | 2  | 2

| [3][2]
Kansas | 199,718  | 7  | 7

| 57,062  | 2  | 2

| [3][2]
North Carolina | 667,484  | 7  | 7

| 190,710  | 2  | 2

| [3][2]
Ohio | 807,555  | 7  | 7

| 230,730  | 2  | 2

| [3][2]
South Dakota | 56,993  | 7  | 7

| 24,425  | 3  | 3

| [3][2]
Georgia | 581,259  | 6  | 6

| 193,753  | 2  | 2

| [3][2]
Louisiana | 272,002  | 6  | 6

| 90,667  | 2  | 2

| [3][2]
Missouri | 359,336  | 6  | 6

| 119,779  | 2  | 2

| [3][2]
Texas | 1,508,734  | 6  | 6

| 502,911  | 2  | 2

| [3][2]
Wyoming | 33,818  | 6  | 6

| 16,909  | 3  | 3

| [3][2]
South Carolina | 231,268  | 5  | 5

| 46,254  | 1  | 1

| [3][2]
West Virginia | 92,650  | 5  | 5

| 18,530  | 1  | 1

| [3][2]
Arkansas | 116,637  | 4  | 4

| 58,318  | 2  | 2

| [3][2]
Mississippi | 118,692  | 4  | 4

| 29,673  | 1  | 1

| [3][2]
Tennessee | 190,383  | 3  | 3

| 63,461  | 1  | 1

| [3][2]
Alabama | 95,595  | 2  | 2

| 47,797  | 1  | 1

| [3][2]

## Public officials

[edit]

### United States Representatives

[edit]

Photo | Name | State | Position | Party | Term | Source

|
|
|
|
|
|

| Pete Stark | California | United States Representative from California's 8th district, 9th district, 13th district | Democratic | 1973–2013 | [15]
| Jared Huffman | California | United States Representative from California's 2nd district | Democratic | 2013–present | [16]
| Barney Frank | Massachusetts | United States Representative from Massachusetts's 4th district | Democratic | 1981–2013 | [17]

### United States Senators

[edit]

Photo | Name | State | Position | Party | Term | Source

|
|
|
|
|
|

| Thomas Gore | Oklahoma | United States Senator from Oklahoma | Democratic | 1907–1921

1931, 1937

| [18]
| Kyrsten Sinema | Arizona | United States Senator from Arizona | Independent | 2019–  | [19]

### Governors

[edit]

Photo | Name | State | Position | Party | Term | Source

|
|
|
|
|
|

| Culbert Olson | California | 29th Governor of California | Democratic | 1939–1943 | [20]
| Jesse Ventura | Minnesota | 38th Governor of Minnesota | Reform
(1998-2000) | Independence
(2000-2003) | 1999–2003 | [21]

### State legislators

[edit]

Photo | Name | State | Position | Party | Term | Source

|
|
|
|
|
|

| Timothy Smith | New Hampshire | New Hampshire State Representative | Democratic | 2012-Present | [22]
| Culbert Olson | California | California State Senator | Democratic | 1934–1938 | [20]
| Jared Huffman | California | California State Assembly, 2nd district | Democratic | 2006–2012 | [16]
| Sean Faircloth | Maine | Maine Representative, 17th and 117th districts

Maine State Senator

| Democratic | 1992–1994
2002–2008
1994–1996  |
| Barney Frank | Massachusetts | Massachusetts State Representative, 5th and 8th Suffolk districts | Democratic | 1973–1981 | [17]
| Ernie Chambers | Nebraska | Nebraska State Senator, 11th district | Independent | 1971–2009
2013–2021 | [23]
| Megan Hunt | Nebraska | Nebraska State Senator, 8th district | Democratic | 2019–present | [24]
| Lori Lipman Brown | Nevada | Nevada State Senator | Democratic | 1992–1994 | [25]
| Andrew Zwicker | New Jersey | New Jersey General Assembly, 16th District | Democratic | 2016–present | [26]
| Culbert Olson | Utah | Utah State Senator | Democratic | 1916–1920 | [20]

### Mayors

[edit]

Photo | Name | State | Position | Party | Term | Source

|
|
|
|
|
|

| Jesse Ventura | Minnesota | Mayor of Brooklyn Park, Minnesota | Independent | 1991–1995 | [21]
| Rocky Anderson | Utah | 33rd Mayor of Salt Lake City, Utah | Democratic | 2000–2008 | [27]

### City councils

[edit]

Photo | Name | State | Position | Party | Term | Source

|
|
|
|
|
|

| Sean Faircloth | Maine | Chair of the City Council of Bangor | Democratic | 2016–present |
| Cecil Bothwell | North Carolina | City councilor of Asheville | Democratic | 2009–2017 |

## Political views

[edit]

Rocky Anderson, founder of the Justice Party | Douglas Campbell, co-founder of the Godless Americans Political Action Committee | Emma Goldman, founder of anarcho-feminism | James P. Cannon, co-founder of the Communist League of America |  |  | Abbie Hoffman, co-founder of the Youth International Party | Richard B. Spencer, founder of the alt-right |  | Murray Rothbard, founder of anarcho-capitalism | Cenk Uygur, co-founder of the Justice Democrats

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### Views of atheists

[edit]

A June–September 2014 Pew Research Center survey found that 69% of atheist Americans identity as Democratic or lean Democratic, 17% have no lean, 15% identify as Republican, 56% liberal, 29% moderate, 10% conservative, and 5% don't know. Among Americans who don't believe in god/gods, 65% identity as Democratic or lean Democratic, 17% have no lean, 18% identity as Republican, 50% liberal, 31% moderate, 13% conservative, and 6% don't know. That makes atheist and nonbelievers in god/gods Americans as belief groups to be the most politically liberal belief group in America and the least politically aligned belief group with Republicans and conservatism in the United States.[3]

### Views about atheists

[edit]

In 2014, a Pew survey found that 53% of Americans claimed they would be less likely to vote for a presidential candidate who was an atheist.[28]

### Groups that include atheists

[edit]

An October 2013 Public Religion Research Institute American Values Survey found 58% of American libertarians report they believe in a personal god, 25% believe god is an impersonal force in the universe, and 16% report that they do not believe in a god. It also found 73% of Americans who identify with the Tea Party report they believe in a personal god, 19% believe god is an impersonal force in the universe, and 6% report that they do not believe in a god. It also found 90% of white evangelical Protestants report they believe in a personal god, 8% believe god is an impersonal force in the universe, and less than 1% report that they do not believe in a god.[29]

## List of atheist Americans

[edit]

Main articles: List of American atheists and List of fictional atheists and agnostics

## Organizations

[edit]

* American Atheists
* Atheist Alliance International
* The Clergy Project
* Freedom From Religion Foundation
* Freethinking Atheist and Agnostic Kinship
* International League of non-religious and atheists
* Internet Infidels
* Military Association of Atheists & Freethinkers
* Rational Response Squad
* Recovering from Religion

## See also

[edit]

* Religion portal
* Philosophy portal
* United States portal

* Atheism
* Discrimination against atheists in the United States
* Irreligion in the United States
* Religion in the United States

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Religion". 8 June 2007.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az Bureau, U.S. Census. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2017-03-22. `{{cite web}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs "Religious Landscape Study". Pew Research Center. 2014. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
4. ^ Lipka, Michael; Tevington, Patricia; Starr, Kelsey (7 February 2024). "8 facts about Atheists". Pew Research Center.
5. ^ "Religious Change in America". PRRI. 27 March 2024.
6. ^ "Religion". Gallup. 2007-06-08. Retrieved 2024-03-14.
7. ^ Saad, Lydia; Hrynowski, Zach (24 June 2022). "How Many Americans Believe in God?". Gallup. "The answer to how many Americans believe in God depends on how the question is asked. Gallup has measured U.S. adults' belief in God three different ways in recent years, with varying results."
8. ^ Hout, Michael; Smith, Tom (March 2015). "Fewer Americans Affiliate with Organized Religions, Belief and Practice Unchanged: Key Findings from the 2014 General Social Survey" (PDF). General Social Survey. NORC. "The percentage answering 'no religion' was 21 percent in 2014, 20 percent in 2012, just 14 percent as recently as 2000, and only 8 percent in 1990." & "In 2014, 3 percent of Americans did not believe in God and 5 percent expressed an agnostic view; the comparable percentages were 2 percent and 4 percent in 1991. More people believed in a 'higher power' in 2014 (13%) than in 1991 (7%)."
9. ^ Kosmin, Barry; Keysar, Ariela (2009). "American Nones: The Profile of the No Religion Population" (PDF). Trinity College.
10. ^ Gervais, Will M.; Najle, Maxine B. (2018). "How many atheists are there?". Social Psychological and Personality Science. 9: 3–10. doi:10.1177/1948550617707015.
11. ^ Resnick, Brian (13 April 2017). "How many American atheists are there really?". Vox. Vox Media. Vox Media. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
12. ^ Zuckerman, Phil (2007), "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns", Cambridge Companion to Atheism, pp. 47–66, doi:10.1017/CCOL0521842700.004
13. ^ "Not All Nonbelievers Call Themselves Atheists | Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project". Pewforum.org. 2009-04-02. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
14. ^ Lipka, Michael; Tevington, Patricia; Starr, Kelsey (7 February 2024). "8 facts about Atheists". Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 2024-05-10. "About three-quarters of U.S. atheists (77%) do not believe in God or a higher power or in a spiritual force of any kind, according to our summer 2023 survey. At the same time, 23% say they do believe in a higher power of some kind."
15. ^ Stark called himself "a Unitarian who does not believe in a supreme being" and has been identified as an atheist. Rep. Stark applauded for atheist outlook: Believed to be first congressman to declare nontheism, Associated Press, March 13, 2007 (Accessed June 15, 2007)
16. ^ a b "lawmaker isn't sure that God exists. Now, he's finally decided to tell people". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2019-04-06.
17. ^ a b Wong, Curtis (2013-08-09). "Barney Frank's 'Pot-Smoking Atheist' Revelation Discussed On 'The Rubin Report'". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2013-08-09.
18. ^ "FFRF & Tulsa nontheists salute Gore as first atheist senator". September 7, 2010.
19. ^ "Democrat Senator Kyrsten Sinema takes oath on U.S. Constitution instead of Bible - National | Globalnews.ca". Global News. Retrieved 2021-07-26.
20. ^ a b c The Hon. Atheist Governor: Culbert L. Olson Archived 2008-09-23 at the Wayback Machine
21. ^ a b "Jesse Ventura". NNDB.com. Retrieved 25 April 2012. "Formerly a Lutheran, Ventura generally considers himself an atheist."
22. ^ ""Humanist PAC Marks Gains for Atheists and Freethinkers – and Hope for All Americans in Future Elections"". Freethought Equality. 2020. Retrieved Dec 20, 2020.
23. ^ Hammel, Paul. "Ernie Chambers targets 'so help me God' in oaths". Omaha World-Herald. Archived from the original on 4 September 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
24. ^ Gunz, Rafaella (May 11, 2019). "Meet Megan Hunt: bisexual single mom and first-term Nebraska state senator". Gay Star News. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
25. ^ ""You can be elected as an openly gay politician in this country, but you can't be elected as an openly atheistic one", said Lori Lipman Brown, who was hired last fall to be the Washington, D.C., lobbyist for an organization devoted to atheist causes, the Secular Coalition for America. She's believed to be the first paid lobbyist for the unbelievers in the nation's capital, the front lines of the culture wars. Now, all Brown is seeking is a constituency willing to go public. "Think of where the LGBT movement was 25 years ago", said Brown, who has worked on gay and lesbian rights issues as a legislator and attorney. "That's where atheists are today." [...] Brown, who is married and was raised a "humanistic Jew", talks about how she "came out" as an atheist several years ago, and how most atheists aren't "out yet" at work. She says atheist kids—like many gay children—are made to feel outcasts at school, and explains that she wants to erase the negative connotation to the word "atheist" just as homosexuals have reclaimed slurs like "queer" and "dyke."" Joe Garofoli, 'Atheists hoping to assert rights in religious era', San Francisco Chronicle, February 20, 2006 (accessed June 16, 2008).
26. ^ "I'm an atheist, but I don't believe that science and religion are by definition incompatible." Andrew Zwicker, Reddit AMA, 13 May 2014 (accessed 9 November 2017).
27. ^ voterocky.org
28. ^ "For 2016 Hopefuls, Washington Experience Could Do More Harm than Good". Pew Research Center - U.S. Politics & Policy. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
29. ^ "In Search of Libertarians in America" (PDF).

## Further reading

[edit]

* Casey Cep, "Without a Prayer: Why are Americans still uncomfortable with atheism?", The New Yorker, October 29, 2018, pp. 66–71. Discusses R. Laurence Moore and Isaac Kramnick, Godless Citizens in a Godly Republic: Atheists in American Public Life, Norton, 2018; and John Gray, Seven Types of Atheism, Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2018, which defines "atheist" as "anyone with no use for a divine mind that has fashioned the world" (a category that includes nontheist religions with no creator god, such as Buddhism and Taoism).
* Schmidt, Leigh Eric, Village Atheists: How America's Unbelievers Made Their Way in a Godly Nation, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2016.
* Michael Shermer, "Silent No More: The rise of the atheists", Scientific American, vol. 318, no. 4 (April 2018), p. 77\. Studies suggest that some 26 percent of Americans – more than 64 million people – are atheists. "[W]e should continue working on grounding our morals and values on viable secular sources such as reason and science."

## External links

[edit]

* Reality Check: Being Nonreligious in America 2020 report from American Atheists

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