Bathytoma

Genus of gastropods

Bathytoma

Temporal range: Paleocene \- Recent

PreꞒ

Shell of Bathytoma luehdorfi (Lischke, 1872)
Scientific classification
Domain:  | Eukaryota
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Mollusca
Class:  | Gastropoda
Subclass:  | Caenogastropoda
Order:  | Neogastropoda
Superfamily:  | Conoidea
Family:  | Borsoniidae
Genus:  | Bathytoma
Harris & Burrows, 1891 [1]
Type species
Murex cataphracta

Brocchi, G.B., 1814

Synonyms[2]

* Bathytoma (Micantapex) Iredale, 1936
* Bathytoma (Parabathytoma) Shuto, 1961
* Bathytoma (Riuguhdrillia) Oyama, 1951
* † Dolichotoma Bellardi, 1875 (invalid: junior homonym of Dolichotoma Hope, 1839 [Coleoptera]; Bathytoma is a replacement name)
* Micantapex Iredale, 1936
* Parabathytoma Shuto, 1961
* Riuguhdrillia Oyama, 1951

Bathytoma is a genus of deep-water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Borsoniidae.[2]

## Fossil records[edit]

This genus is known in the fossil records from the Paleocene to the Quaternary (age range: from 55.8 to 0.781 million years ago). Fossils are found in the marine strata throughout the world.[3]

## Distribution[edit]

This marine species occurs in the Eastern Indian Ocean (Madagascar, Mozambique, South Africa); off Indonesia, New Caledonia, Panglao Island, Sulu Sea, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Bohol, Kerala, New Zealand, Philippines, Sea of Japan; off Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia). They are all known from deep waters from 100 m to about 1500 m, but usually at 200–700 m.

## Description[edit]

The lines of specific distinction appear to be drawn narrowly in this genus and to depend chiefly upon sculpture. The novelty appears intimately related to Bathytoma engonia (Watson, 1881) [4] differing by the sharper keel, more elevated tubercles and generally coarser sculpture.[5]

The biconical or fusiform shell is medium-sized to rather large. Its periphery is smooth or nodose, angulate or keeled. The peripheral anal sinus is deep. The columella is somewhat swollen, sometimes showing a pleat. The paucispiral protoconch consists of 1 to 3 conical or globose whorls, smooth or with faint spiral striae. The operculum has a broadly oblanceolate to ovate shape, with an eccentric to terminal nucleus. The ground color of the shell is white to yellowish-brown.[6]

Their protoconch morphology seems to infer a non-planktotrophic larval development.[7]

## Species[edit]

Species within the genus Bathytoma include:[2][3]

* Bathytoma agnata Hedley & Petterd, 1906
* Bathytoma arbucklei Kilburn, 1986
* Bathytoma atractoides (Watson, 1881)
* Bathytoma badifasciata Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
* † Bathytoma bartrumi Laws, 1939
* Bathytoma belaeformis (Sowerby III, 1903)
* Bathytoma bitorquata (Martens, 1901)
* Bathytoma boholica Parth, 1994
* Bathytoma carnicolor Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
* † Bathytoma cataphracta Brocchi 1814
* Bathytoma consors Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
* † Bathytoma coweorum Beu, 1970
* Bathytoma cranaos Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
* † Bathytoma discors Powell, 1942
* Bathytoma engonia (Watson, 1881)
* Bathytoma episoma Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
* † Bathytoma filaris (Marwick, 1931)
* † Bathytoma finlayi Laws, 1939
* Bathytoma fissa (Martens, 1901)
* Bathytoma formosensis Vera-Pelaez, 2004
* † Bathytoma fortinodosa (Marwick, 1931)
* Bathytoma gabrielae Bozzetti, 2006
* Bathytoma gordonlarki Tucker & Olivera, 2011
* † Bathytoma haasti Hutton 1877
* † Bathytoma hawera (Laws, 1940)
* Bathytoma hecatorgnia (Verco, 1907)
* Bathytoma hedlandensis Tippett & Kosuge, 1994
* Bathytoma helenae Kilburn, 1974
* † Bathytoma hokianga Laws, 1947
* Bathytoma lacertosus (Hedley, 1922)
* Bathytoma luehdorfi (Lischke, 1872)
* † Bathytoma media (Marwick, 1931)
* † Bathytoma mitchelsoni Powell, 1935
* Bathytoma mitrella (Dall, 1881)
* Bathytoma murdochi Finlay, 1930
* Bathytoma neocaledonica Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
* Bathytoma netrion Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
* † Bathytoma ngatapa (Marwick, 1931)
* † Bathytoma nonplicata
* Bathytoma oldhami (Smith E. A., 1899)
* † Bathytoma pacifica Squires 2001
* † Bathytoma paracantha (J.E. Tenison-Woods, 1877)
* Bathytoma paratractoides Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
* Bathytoma parengonia (Dell, 1956)
* † Bathytoma paucispiralis (Powell, 1942)
* † Bathytoma pergracilis (Marwick, 1931)
* † Bathytoma praecisa (Marwick, 1931)
* † Bathytoma prior (Vella, 1954)
* † Bathytoma proavita (Powell, 1942)
* Bathytoma prodicia Kilburn, 1986
* Bathytoma profundis (Laseron, 1954)
* Bathytoma punicea Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
* Bathytoma regnans Melvill, 1918
* Bathytoma solomonensis Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
* Bathytoma somalica Ardovini, 2015
* Bathytoma stenos Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
* † Bathytoma tenuineta (Marwick, 1931)
* Bathytoma tippetti Vera-Peláez, 2004
* Bathytoma tuckeri Vera-Peláez, 2004
* Bathytoma viabrunnea (Dall, 1889)
* Bathytoma virgo (Okutani, 1966)
* Bathytoma visagei Kilburn, 1973
* † Bathytoma wairarapaensis Vella, 1954

Species brought into synonymy

* Bathytoma biconica Hedley, 1903: synonym of Benthofascis biconica (Hedley, 1903)
* Bathytoma colorata Sysoev & Bouchet, 2001: synonym of Gemmuloborsonia colorata (Sysoev & Bouchet, 2001)
* † Bathytoma condonana F.M. Anderson & B. Martin, 1914: synonym of Megasurcula condonana (F.M. Anderson & B. Martin, 1914)
* † Bathytoma excavata Suter, 1917: synonym of † Austrotoma excavata (Suter, 1917)
* Bathytoma sulcata excavata Suter, 1917 synonym of † Austrotoma excavata (Suter, 1917)
* Bathytoma gratiosa Suter, 1908: synonym of Fenestrosyrinx gratiosa (Suter, 1908), synonym of Taranis gratiosa (Suter, 1908)
* Bathytoma sarcinula Hedley, 1905: synonym of Benthofascis sarcinula (Hedley, 1905)
* Bathytoma tremperiana (Dall, 1911): synonym of Megasurcula tremperiana (Dall, 1911)
* Bathytoma tremperiana Dall, 1911: synonym of Megasurcula carpenteriana (Gabb, 1865)
* Subgenus Bathytoma (Parabathytoma) Shuto, 1961 represented as Bathytoma Harris & Burrows, 1891
* Bathytoma (Parabathytoma) helenae Kilburn, 1974 represented as Bathytoma helenae Kilburn, 1974
* Bathytoma (Parabathytoma) visagei Kilburn, 1973 represented as Bathytoma visagei Kilburn, 1973

Fossil shell of Bathytoma cataphracta from Pliocene of Italy

## References[edit]

1. ^ Harris G. F. & Burrows H. W. (1891). The Eocene and Oligocene beds of the Paris basin. Geologists' Association, London 129 pp.: page(s): 113
2. ^ a b c Bathytoma Harris & Burrows, 1891. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 12 August 2011.
3. ^ a b Fossilworks
4. ^ Watson — Journal Linnean Society, xv., 1881, p. 405
5. ^ Hedley, C. & Petterd, W.P. 1906. Mollusca from three hundred fathoms, off Sydney. Records of the Australian Museum 6: 211-225
6. ^ Kilburn R.N. (1986). Turridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of southern Africa and Mozambique. Part 3. Subfamily Borsoniinae. Annals of the Natal Museum. 27: 633-720 page(s): 639, figs 28-29, 33-34
7. ^ Nicolas Puillandre, Alexander V. Sysoev, Baldomero M. Olivera, Arnaud Coulouxd & Philippe Bouchet, Loss of planktotrophy and speciation: geographical fragmentation in the deep-water gastropod genus Bathytoma (Gastropoda, Conoidea) in the western Pacific; Systematics and Biodiversity Volume 8, Issue 3, 2010 DOI:10.1080/14772001003748709

* Harris G. F. & Burrows H. W. (1891). The Eocene and Oligocene beds of the Paris basin. Geologists' Association, London 129 pp.: page(s): 113
* Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.

## External links[edit]

Media related to Bathytoma at Wikimedia Commons

Taxon identifiers|

* Wikidata: Q3721858
* AFD: Bathytoma
* BOLD: 126831
* CoL: 7NQKV
* Fossilworks: 10829
* GBIF: 2303854
* iNaturalist: 246799
* IRMNG: 1414508
* ITIS: 75206
* NCBI: 473401
* NZOR: 634f2f89-1e80-456e-9ccc-6bf48e2edcba
* WoRMS: 391178

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