Boy Scouts of America

Scouting organization in the United States

For the scouting program within the BSA formerly known as the "Boy Scouts", see Scouts BSA. For the march by John Philip Sousa, see Boy Scouts of America (march).

Boy Scouts of America

Age range|

* Learning for Life: Pre-K through 12th grade
* Cub Scouts: 5–10
* Scouts BSA: 10–18
* Venturing: 14–21
* Exploring Club (LFL): 10–15
* Sea Scouts: 14–21
* Exploring Post (LFL): 16–20
* Scout Leader: 18+ for Cub Scouts and Scouts BSA; 21+ for Venturing and Sea Scouting

Headquarters| Irving, Texas
Location| United States, Europe, Japan and South Korea
Country| United States
Founded| February 8, 1910; 113 years ago (1910-02-08)
Founders|

* Charles Alexander Eastman
* William D. Boyce
* Ernest Thompson Seton
* Daniel Carter Beard

Membership| 1,063,338 youth (2023)
42,822 units (2023)[1]
Chief Scout Executive| Roger Krone
Chair| Brad Tilden
National Commissioner| Scott Sorrels
Honorary Chair| Joe Biden
Affiliation| World Organization of the Scout Movement
Governing body| National Executive Board
|  |

|

Website
scouting.org
Scouting portal

The Boy Scouts of America (BSA, colloquially the Boy Scouts) is one of the largest scouting organizations and one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with about 762,000 youth participants. The BSA was founded in 1910; about 110 million Americans have participated in its programs. BSA became a founding member organization of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922.

The stated mission of the Boy Scouts of America is to "prepare young people to make ethical and moral choices over their lifetimes by instilling in them the values of the Scout Oath and Law." Youth are trained in responsible citizenship, character development, and self-reliance through participation in a wide range of outdoor activities, educational programs, and, at older age levels, career-oriented programs in partnership with community organizations. For younger members, the Scout method is part of the program to instill typical Scouting values such as trustworthiness, good citizenship, and outdoors skills, through a variety of activities such as camping, aquatics, and hiking. To further these outdoor activities, the BSA has four high-adventure bases: Northern Tier (Minnesota, Manitoba, and Ontario), Philmont Scout Ranch (New Mexico), Sea Base (Florida, US Virgin Islands, and Bahamas), and Summit Bechtel Reserve (West Virginia), as well as nearly 100 camps and reservations dedicated to scouts.

The main Scouting divisions are Cub Scouting for ages 5 to 11 years, Scouts BSA for ages 10 to 18, Venturing for ages 14 through 21, and Sea Scouts for ages 14 through 21. The BSA operates Scouting by chartering local organizations, such as churches, clubs, civic associations, or educational organizations, to implement the Scouting program for youth within their communities. Units are led by volunteers appointed by the chartering organization, who are supported by local councils using both paid professional Scouters and volunteers. Additionally, Learning for Life is an affiliate that provides in-school and career education.

In 2019, the Boy Scouts of America renamed its flagship program, Boy Scouts, to Scouts BSA to reflect its policy change allowing girls to join separate, gender-specific troops.

In 2023, BSA agreed to pay $2.46 billion to settle claims by some 82,000 former Boy Scouts who said they had been sexually abused by BSA officials and volunteers.[2]

## Origins[edit]

Ernest Thompson Seton (left), Baden-Powell (seated) and Dan Beard (right)

Further information: Scouting, Scouting in the United States, and History of the Boy Scouts of America

The progressive movement in the United States was at its height during the early 20th century.[3] With the migration of families from farms to cities, there were concerns among some people that young men were no longer learning patriotism, self-reliance, and individualism. Several groups attempted to fill this void. The YMCA was an early promoter of reforms for young men with a focus on social welfare and programs of mental, physical, social and religious development.[4]: 72–82 Others, included the Woodcraft Indians started by Ernest Thompson Seton in 1902 in Cos Cob, Connecticut, and the Sons of Daniel Boone founded by Daniel Carter Beard in 1905 in Cincinnati, Ohio.[5], two notable independent scouting predecessors of BSA within the United States.

Boy Scouts, Troop 10, Columbus, Ohio, 1918

In 1907, Robert Baden-Powell founded the Scouting movement in England using elements of Seton's works among other influences.[6] In 1909, Chicago publisher W. D. Boyce was visiting London, where he encountered a boy who came to be known as the Unknown Scout.[7] Boyce was lost on a foggy street when an unknown Scout came to his aid, guiding him to his destination. The boy then refused Boyce's tip, explaining that he was a Boy Scout and was merely doing his daily good turn. Interested in the Boy Scouts, Boyce met with staff at the Boy Scouts Headquarters and, by some accounts, Baden-Powell. Upon his return to the US, Boyce was inspired by his experience and incorporated the Boy Scouts of America on February 8, 1910.[8] Edgar M. Robinson and Lee F. Hanmer became interested in the nascent BSA and convinced Boyce to turn the program over to the YMCA for development in April 1910. Robinson enlisted Seton, Beard, Charles Eastman, and other prominent leaders in the early youth movements. Former president Theodore Roosevelt, who had long complained of the decline in American manhood, became an ardent supporter.[9] In January 1911, Robinson turned the movement over to James E. West who became the first Chief Scout Executive and Scouting began to expand in the US[4]: 148 Among other programs in the US, the Woodcraft Indians and Sons of Daniel Boone, eventually merged with the BSA.[10]: 52

The BSA's stated purpose at its incorporation in 1910 was "to teach [boys] patriotism, courage, self-reliance, and kindred values."[11]: 7 Later, in 1937, Deputy Chief Scout Executive George J. Fisher expressed the BSA's mission: "Each generation as it comes to maturity has no more important duty than that of teaching high ideals and proper behavior to the generation which follows."[12] The current mission statement of the BSA is "to prepare young people to make ethical and moral choices over their lifetimes by instilling in them the values of the Scout Oath and Law."[13][14]

At its peak, Boy Scouts had an active membership of over 4 million youth in 1973.[15] Today, popularity in outdoor events has waned and membership has dropped. However, BSA remains the largest scouting organization and one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with about 1.2 million youth participants and about one million adult volunteers as of 2021[update].[1][16][17]

### Federally chartered corporation[edit]

> The purposes of the corporation are to promote, through organization, and cooperation with other agencies, the ability of boys to do things for themselves and others, to train them in scoutcraft, and to teach them patriotism, courage, self-reliance, and kindred virtues, using the methods that were in common use by boy scouts on June 15, 1916.

36 U.S.C. § 30902

The BSA holds one of the comparatively rare congressional charters under Title 36 of the United States Code.[18][19] On behalf of the BSA, Paul Sleman, Colin H. Livingstone, Ernest S. Martin, and James E. West successfully lobbied Congress for a federal charter for the BSA which President Woodrow Wilson signed on June 15, 1916. One of the principal reasons for seeking a congressional charter was to deal with competition from other Scout organizations including the United States Boy Scouts and the Lone Scouts of America.[20] The 1916 statute of incorporation established this institution among a small number of similarly chartered patriotic and national organizations,[21] such as the Girl Scouts, Civil Air Patrol, the American Legion, the Red Cross, Little League Baseball, and the National Academy of Sciences. The federal incorporation was originally construed primarily as an honor; however, it does grant the chartered organization some special privileges and rights, including freedom from antitrust and monopoly regulation and complete control over the organization's symbols and insignia, [22] though it neither implies nor accords Congress any special control over the BSA, which remains free to function independently.[23]

## Membership[edit]

### Original programs[edit]

A Venturer traverses a COPE High Ropes course.

Boy Scouts of America uses four primary programs to achieve its aims in Scouting:

* Cub Scouting is available to youth from kindergarten through fifth grade.
* Scouts BSA (formerly Boy Scouts) is the flagship program of the BSA for youth ages 11 to 18; 10-year-olds can join after March 1 of their fifth grade year or if they have earned the Arrow of Light award.[24]
* Venturing is the program for ages 14 to 21.[25]
* Sea Scouting is the program for ages 14 to 21 focused on nautical activities.[26]

There are about 100,000 physically or mentally disabled Scouts throughout the United States. Anyone certified as disabled "may enroll in Scouting and remain in its program beyond the regulation age limits. This provision allows all members to advance in Scouting as far as they wish."[27]

### Other programs[edit]

The Boy Scouts of America offers several other programs and subprograms beyond regular membership:

* The Order of the Arrow is the Scouting national honor society for experienced campers, based on American Indian traditions and is dedicated to the ideals of brotherhood and cheerful service. To be considered for membership one must live their life by the Scout Law, accomplish several requirements, and be elected by members of their unit.[28]
* Lone Scouting is a program designed to allow those who would otherwise not be able to become Scouts or Cub Scouts—usually due to residence in an overseas/isolated community or unusual circumstances—to participate in the Scouting experience.[20]
* STEM Scouts is a pilot program of the BSA that focuses on STEM learning and career development for boys and girls in elementary, middle, and high school.[29][30]
* Learning for Life is a school and work-site based program that is a subsidiary of the BSA. It utilizes programs designed for schools and community-based organizations that are designed to prepare youth for the complexities of contemporary society and to enhance their self-confidence, motivation, and self-esteem.[31][27][32] Exploring is the worksite-based program of Learning for Life with programs based on five areas of emphasis: career opportunities, life skills, citizenship, character education, and leadership experience.[33] Learning for Life is not considered a regular Scouting program; it does not use the Scout Oath, Scout Law, uniforms, or insignia of regular Scouting. All Learning for Life programs are open to youth and adults without restriction based on gender, residence, sexual orientation, or other considerations other than age requirements.[33][34]

### Membership controversies[edit]

Main article: Boy Scouts of America membership controversies

LGBT Boy Scouts and their supporters at 2017 Capital Pride parade carrying flags and A Scout is equal sign

Unlike the BSA's Learning for Life, membership in the regular BSA programs had been more restricted and controversial. Until the late 2010s, Cub Scouting or the program then-named Boy Scouting was open to boys only, but girls were permitted to join the Venturing, Sea Scouting, and Explorers programs in 1970. Women could also serve as adult volunteers in all programs in approximately the same time frame. On October 11, 2017, the BSA announced that girls would be allowed to become Cub Scouts, starting in 2018, and be a part of the Scouts BSA Program, starting on February 1, 2019.[35][36][37][38][39][40]

The BSA position on the importance of religious beliefs among members has inconsistent elements. Many volunteers within the BSA organization believe that atheists and agnostics are welcome, and because of this, in many troops they are. However, in 2018, the Boy Scouts of America National Executive Board "reaffirms its unequivocal commitment to the Declaration of Religious Principle as a fundamental component of the mission of the Boy Scouts of America."[41] At the same meeting, they also stated that "[t]he recognition of God as the ruling and leading power in the universe and the grateful acknowledgement of His favors and blessings are necessary to the best type of citizenship and are wholesome precepts in the education of the growing members."[41]. This position is inconsistent with the fact that the BSA has had Buddhist troops since 1920, and Buddhism is a nontheistic religion which does not assert belief in a creator God.[42] The BSA also signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Unitarian Universalist Association in 2016 which specifically gives ultimate authority over a participant's spiritual welfare to the individual Unitarian Universalist congregation. The MOU also specifically includes within Unitarian Universalist chartered troops Humanism as an acceptable form of spirituality as well as Earth-centered religions.[43]

In 2000, the Supreme Court ruled in Boy Scouts of America v. Dale that Boy Scouts and all similar, private voluntary organizations have the constitutionally protected right under the First Amendment of freedom of association to set membership standards.[44] In 2004, the BSA adopted a new policy statement, including a "Youth Leadership" policy that disallowed members to continue in leadership positions in the event they were to hold themselves out as "open and avowed homosexuals.[45]

At the Scouts annual meeting in April 2012, a leader from the Northeast presented a resolution that "would allow individual units to accept gays as adult leaders".[46][47] However, in July 2012, at the culmination of a review started in 2010, an 11-person committee convened by the BSA reached a "unanimous consensus" recommending retaining the current policy.[48][49] Intel,[50] UPS,[51] and Merck[52][53] cut financial ties with the BSA over the policy decision. Within the BSA National Executive Board, members James Turley, CEO of Ernst & Young, and Randall Stephenson, CEO of AT&T and who was then "on track to become president of the Scout's national board in 2014"[54] and later was, publicly opposed the policy and stated their intention "to work from within the BSA Board to actively encourage dialogue and sustainable progress" in changing the policy.[55] On January 28, 2013, the BSA announced it was considering rescinding the ban on homosexuals, allowing chartered organizations to determine local policy.[56]

On May 23, 2013, over 60% of the 1,400-member BSA National Council voted to remove the restriction denying membership to youth on the basis of sexual orientation while emphasizing that any sexual conduct, whether heterosexual or homosexual, is not allowed. The resolution went into effect on January 1, 2014,[57][58] but Scout leaders who were "open and avowed homosexuals" were still prohibited. The policy specifically states that BSA does not inquire into a person's sexuality.[59] Gay rights groups hailed the decision, but vowed to press on until all gay members were accepted. Some churches and conservative members threatened to quit the Boy Scouts in response.[60] On June 12, 2013, the Southern Baptist Convention passed non-binding resolutions urging the BSA not to change their policy.[61][62] In September 2013, a new scouting group called Trail Life USA was created, in support of what founders call "traditional, Christian" scouting.[63][64][65] Subsequently, some Christian denomination congregations replaced their Boy Scouts of America troops with those of Trail Life USA.[66]

In May 2015, Boy Scouts of America President Robert Gates said it was time to end the ban on gay leaders. Gates said it "cannot be sustained" any longer. On July 10, 2015, the Boy Scouts of America Executive Committee agreed, and referred the matter to the National Executive Board.[67] On July 27, 2015, the Boy Scouts of America National Executive Board voted to lift the organization's blanket ban on openly gay leaders and employees. Local chartering organizations are still permitted to set their own standards based on religious principle for selecting the adult volunteers for their unit.[68]

On January 30, 2017, the Boy Scouts of America announced that transgender children who identify as boys would be allowed to enroll in boys-only programs, effective immediately. Previously, the sex listed on an applicant's birth certificate determined eligibility for these programs; going forward, the decision would be based on the gender listed on the application.[69] Joe Maldonado became the first openly transgender child identifying as a boy to join the Scouts on February 7, 2017.[70] In 2016, he was rejected from the Boy Scouts for being transgender, but the policy was changed after his story became nationally known.[71]

On October 11, 2017, the Boy Scouts of America announced that girls would be welcomed into Cub Scouts beginning in fall of 2018, with an early adopter program beginning on January 15, 2018, in councils that wished to participate early. The announcement included the statement that girls in Cub Scouting will simply be called "Cub Scouts". The flagship program of Boy Scouts of America, previously known as "Boy Scouting", became known as Scouts BSA on February 1, 2019, when the program opened to girls. Members of Scouts BSA are known as "Scouts".[72] On November 6, 2018, the GSUSA filed a federal trademark lawsuit[73] seeking to block the BSA from rebranding itself simply as "Scouts";[74] this is not the first time the two organizations have legally contested the use of the term scout.[75]

## Program[edit]

### Aims, methods, and ideals[edit]

See also: Advancement and recognition in the Boy Scouts of America

Boy Scout, 1974, wearing uniform of the time

> "On my honor, I will do my best, to do my duty, to God and my country, and to obey the Scout Law, to help other people at all times, to keep myself physically strong, mentally awake, and morally straight." -Scout Oath

> "A Scout is trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean, and reverent." -Scout Law

Boy Scouts of America (1921), a silent film by Vitalux Movies outlining various practices in the BSA program Boy Scouts Troop at Mt. Vernon Virginia

The objectives of the BSA are referred to as the Aims and Methods of Scouting: Character, Citizenship, Personal Fitness, Leadership.[76] The BSA pursues these aims through an informal education system called the Scout method, with variations that are designed to be appropriate for the age and maturity of each membership division.[13][77]

Cub Scouts wear a uniform that gives each Scout a level of identity within the den, the pack and the community. The Scouts learn teamwork by meeting and working together in a den of four to ten boys or girls under adult leadership. They learn and apply the ideals codified in the Scout Oath and the Scout Law through an advancement system using age-based ranks earned by completing required and elective adventures. Some advancement is done in the home and is intended to involve the entire family and many Cub Scout activities include family members.[25]

In the Scouts BSA program, Scouts learn to use the ideals spelled out in the Scout Oath, the Scout Law, the Outdoor Code, the Scout motto ("Be prepared"), and the Scout slogan ("Do a good turn daily"). They wear a uniform and work together in patrols of four to ten Scouts with an elected patrol leader, who then appoints an assistant patrol leader. Scouts share responsibilities, apply skills learned at meetings and live together in the outdoors. The advancement system provides opportunities for personal growth and self-reliance.[78] Scouts interact with adult leaders who act as role models and mentors, but they are expected to plan their own activities within the troop and to participate in community service.[78]

Venturers are expected to know and live by the Scout Oath and Law. Before May 2014,[79] members of the Venturing program followed the now discontinued Venturing Oath and Venturing Code.[80] Venturers associate and work directly with adults advisors, but the crew is led by elected youth officers who are given opportunities to learn and apply leadership skills. Venturers plan and participate in interdependent group experiences dependent on cooperation. An emphasis on high adventure provides opportunities for team-building and practical leadership applications. A series of awards provide opportunities for recognition and personal growth.[81] Each award requires the Venturer to teach what they have learned to others, thereby returning the skill and knowledge back to the community and enabling the Venturer to master those skills.[81]

In October 2012, the National Council announced that, as a result of the findings and recommendations of a select committee made up of volunteer Scouters, the Cub Scout and Venturing programs would transition to use of the Scout Oath and Law, and in the case of the Venturers, the Boy Scout three-finger salute and sign as well. The Venturing change occurred in May 2014; and the Cub Scout change in mid-2015.[82]

### Ranks[edit]

Main article: Ranks in the Boy Scouts of America

There are seven ranks that a Scout in the Scouts BSA program may attain (note that Eagle Palms are not considered ranks[83]). To obtain a rank, a Scout must complete the requirements for that rank, as well as have a Scoutmaster Conference and a Board of Review (with the exception of Scout Rank).[84] To obtain a rank you must first acquire the rank previous to it, with the exception of Scout rank in which a Scout can earn at anytime once they have completed the requirements for it. The ranks are in the following order: Scout, Tenderfoot, Second Class, First Class, Star Scout, Life Scout, and Eagle Scout. An increasing number of merit badges, as well as being in troop leadership positions, is required for the latter 3 ranks, plus other requirements. Certain ranks require specific merit badges and leadership positions.[84]

Scouting troop in Idaho 1971

### Eagle Scout[edit]

Main article: Eagle Scout

Silver Eagle Palm

Eagle Scout is the highest rank one can receive in Scouts BSA. Since its introduction in 1911, the Eagle Scout rank has been earned by more than two million youth. Requirements include earning at least 21 merit badges and demonstrating Scout Spirit through the Scout Oath and Law, service, and leadership, all before or by age 18. This includes an extensive service project that the Scout plans, organizes, leads, and manages. Eagle Scouts are presented with a medal and a badge that visibly recognizes the accomplishments of the Scout. Additional recognition can be earned through Eagle Palms, awarded for completing additional tenure, leadership, and merit badge requirements. Many famous Americans are Eagle Scouts: astronauts Neil Armstrong and Jim Lovell, film directors Michael Moore and Steven Spielberg, basketball Hall of Famer Bill Bradley and Olympic gold medalist Steven Holcomb, TV host Mike Rowe, Mayor Michael Bloomberg, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, President Gerald Ford, religious founder L. Ron Hubbard, and civil rights leader (and Tuskegee Airman) Percy Sutton are just a small sample of Eagle Scouts.[85][86] Three recipients of the Medal of Honor—Thomas R. Norris, Mitchell Paige and Leo K. Thorsness—were Eagle Scouts.[85]

Upon the introduction of girls into Scouts BSA in February 2019, a temporary time extension for Eagle rank was allowed for up to 2 years for all scouts who were older than 16 but not yet 18 years of age on February 1, 2019.

Of the 21 merit badges Eagle Scouts are required to earn, 14 of the badges must include: First Aid, Citizenship in the Community, Citizenship in the Nation, Citizenship in the World, Citizenship in Society, Communication, Cooking, Personal Fitness, Emergency Preparedness OR Lifesaving, Environmental Science OR Sustainability, Personal Management, Swimming OR Hiking OR Cycling, Camping, and Family Life.

### National Scout jamboree[edit]

Anthony Thomas, the two millionth Eagle Scout, addresses a crowd of over 45,000 Scouts at the 2010 National Scout Jamboree, held at Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia.

Main article: National Scout jamboree (Boy Scouts of America)

The National Scout Jamboree is a gathering of Scouts and Venturers from across the US. It is usually held every four years, with some adjustment for special years such as the 2010 National Scout Jamboree that celebrated the BSA centennial. The first jamboree was held in 1937 at the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C.[87] There were 27,232 Scouts and Leaders present at the first National Jamboree.[88] In 1950, the Boy Scouts of America hosted their second National Jamboree at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. The event was to commemorate the organization's 40th anniversary.[88] Since then, jamborees have been held in varying locations. From 1981 until 2010, the jamboree was held at Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia. A permanent location owned by the BSA was sought in 2008 for future jamborees, high adventure programs and training. The Summit Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve near Beckley, West Virginia, is now the permanent site beginning with the 2013 National Scout Jamboree.[89]

### High adventure[edit]

The Boy Scouts of America operates several high-adventure bases at the national level. Each offers a wide range of programs and training; a typical core program may include sailing, wilderness canoeing or wilderness backpacking trips. These bases are administered by the High Adventure Division of the National Council.

Current high-adventure bases of the Boy Scouts of America include Philmont Scout Ranch, Northern Tier National High Adventure Bases, Florida National High Adventure Sea Base, and The Summit Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve.

Boy Scouts of the Wildcat Patrol

### Equipment[edit]

The Boy Scouts of America have functioned as a licensor and distributor of official Boy Scout uniforms, camping gear, and other items since the 1920s.[90] These include backpacks, pocket knives, belt knives, tents, sleeping bags, canteens, and mess gear.[90][91][92]

### Training[edit]

Main article: Leadership training (Boy Scouts of America)

The BSA offers a wide variety of mandatory and optional training programs in youth protection, outdoor skills and leadership.

#### Adult leader training[edit]

Every adult leader must complete Youth Protection Training, and then is strongly encouraged to complete a general overview training called This is Scouting, and a Fast Start training specific to his/her program level. Position-specific training is required for all direct-contact leaders. Upon completion of basic training, a leader may wear the Trained emblem on his/her BSA uniform.

Supplemental skill-specific training is also available to BSA volunteers to gain knowledge in outdoors skills including camping, hiking, first aid, Leave No Trace, swim safety, climbing safety, hazardous weather, and other skills.

The highest level of BSA training is Wood Badge,[93] focused on helping participants develop leadership skills while participating in an outdoor program over five days. Some councils offer high-adventure training for adults using the Powder Horn program.[94] Leaders can also take the Seabadge advanced leadership and management course.[95]

#### Youth leadership training[edit]

Scout youth leaders may attend the unit-level Introduction to Leadership Skills for Troops. Local councils offer the advanced National Youth Leadership Training and the National Council offers the National Advanced Youth Leadership Experience conducted at Philmont Training Center. The Boy Scouts of America also offers the NYLT Leadership Academy which trains youth staff members from across the country for council-level NYLT courses.[96]

Venturers and Sea Scouts may attend the unit-level Introduction to Leadership Skills for Crews or Introduction to Leadership Skills for Ships. Crew officers can attend Crew Officer Orientation, and then a council-provided Kodiak leadership training program[97]

Order of the Arrow members may attend the National Leadership Seminar, run multiple times each year by each region.[98]

#### National Camping School[edit]

The Boy Scouts of America operates a National Camping School program which trains people how to run various departments or areas at the Scouts BSA summer camps. Some online training is offered, but most areas require an in-person week-long training program at one of the National Camping Schools.[99][100] After successfully completing a week-long program, a person is entitled to wear the National Camping School patch. The regular-size patch may be worn on the right breast shirt pocket, in the temporary patch spot.[101] National Camping School certification is valid for five years.[102]

### Love of outdoors[edit]

See also: Leave No Trace and Tread Lightly!

Scouts see nature as an adventurous place, and it is expected that when they get older the experience from their youth will make them nature lovers. Scouts envisage nature as a heritage.[103] [104]

> "On breaking up camp leave two things behind you: 1. Nothing. 2. Your thanks." — Lord Baden-Powell in 1919.

## Organization[edit]

### National Council[edit]

BSA National Office in Irving, Texas

The National Council is the corporate membership of the Boy Scouts of America and consists of volunteer Scouters who meet annually. The day-to-day operations of the National Council are administered by the Chief Scout Executive and other national professional staff. National Council members include volunteers who are elected national officers and executive board members, regional presidents, the local council representatives, members at large, and honorary members. The national headquarters has been in Irving, Texas since 1979.

Since the founding of the BSA in 1910, the President of the United States has served as the organization's honorary president during his term in office, former presidents serve as honorary vice presidents for their lifetimes.[105]

### Governance and the National Executive Board[edit]

Main article: National Executive Board of the Boy Scouts of America

The BSA National Executive Board governs the organization. The 2015 National Executive Board consisted of 79 members.[106]

The board is led by the national president, a volunteer elected by the National Council. Board members included regular elected members, regional presidents, and up to five appointed youth members. The Chief Scout Executive is the board secretary and non-voting member. The National Executive Board has a number of standing committees that correspond to the professional staff organization of the National Council.

Present and past members of the National Executive Board include Utah Senator Mitt Romney,[citation needed] Ernst & Young CEO Jim Turley and AT&T CEO Randall Stephenson.[107] Other members included Latter-day Saint Church President Thomas S. Monson.[108]

### Groups and divisions[edit]

Boy Scouts canoeing on the Blackwater River, Virginia Little Rock scouts 1920

The Program Impact Division is responsible for developing the Scouting program and includes the volunteer committees and staff working on volunteer training, youth development, and other program impact needs. The All Markets membership emphasis includes focus groups and special committees working to improve outreach to youth and families in various underserved ethnic populations, with literature and marketing materials targeting Hispanic/Latino families, Asian-American families, and African-American families. The BSA also participates in the American Indian Scouting Association in partnership with the Girl Scouts.

The Outdoor Adventure Division oversees four high adventure bases: Northern Tier (Minnesota, Manitoba, and Ontario), Philmont Scout Ranch (New Mexico), Sea Base (Florida, US Virgin Islands, and Bahamas), and Summit Bechtel Reserve (West Virginia), over one hundred separate camps and reservations specifically dedicated to scouts, and other special programs such as the Order of the Arrow.

Other divisions provides support for the world and national jamborees and International Scouting relations. The Membership Impact Division works to sustain marketing efforts and relationships with the national organizations that make up the predominant number of chartered organizations, such as Lions International, Rotary International, Kiwanis International, American Legion, Elks, VFW, and all religious denominations chartering BSA units.

The National Supply Group is responsible for developing and selling uniforms, apparel, insignia, literature, and equipment. It sells equipment and supplies through National Scout Shops, local council trading posts, authorized independent resellers, and online at ScoutShop.org. Supply Group also licenses trademarks for use by other commercial vendors. The Administrative Group provides internal administration service and support. It includes the Marketing and Communications Division responsible for marketing the BSA program, administering the national websites, and publishing Scouting for adult leaders and Scout Life (formerly Boys' Life) for youth.

The National Scouting Museum is located at Philmont Scout Ranch in New Mexico. Exhibits include high adventure sections, hands-on learning experiences, interactive exhibits, and a historical collection tracing uniforms, themes, and documents from the beginning of the Scouting movement in America. Among the museum's artifacts are the Eagle Scout medal of Arthur Rose Eldred, the first Eagle Scout.

The National Court of Honor certifies the BSA's highest awards: lifesaving and meritorious action awards, distinguished service awards, Eagle Scout and the Quartermaster Award.

### National Service Territories[edit]

Main article: National Service Territories

For administrative purposes, the BSA is divided into sixteen National Service Territories (NSTs) including international areas for scouts with parents serving outside the US. Each NST encompasses multiple states or portions of states/counties.[109]

Until 2021, the Boy Scouts of America was divided into four regions for administrative purposes — Central, Southern, Western, Northeast.[110]

### Local councils[edit]

Main article: Scout councils (Boy Scouts of America)

Boy Scouts of America Atlanta, Georgia Area Council headquarters

The BSA program is administered through 272 local councils, with each council covering a geopolitical area that may vary from a single city to an entire state. Councils receive an annual charter from the National Council and are usually incorporated as a charitable organization.[111]

The council level organization is similar to that of the National Council. The council executive board is headed by the council president and is made up of annually elected local community leaders.[112] The board establishes the council program and carries out the resolutions, policies, and activities of the council. Board members serve without pay and some are volunteer Scouters working at the unit level. Youth members may be elected to the council executive board according to the council by-laws.

The Scout executive manages council operations—including finance, property management, advancement and awards, registrations, and Scout Shop sales—with a staff of other professionals and para-professionals. Volunteer commissioners lead the unit service functions of the council, help maintain the standards of the BSA, and assure a healthy unit program.[113]

The BSA charters two councils for American Scouts living overseas, largely on military bases in Europe and Asia. The Transatlantic Council, headquartered in Livorno, Italy, serves BSA units in much of Europe, and the Far East Council, headquartered in Japan, serves units in the western Pacific areas. The Direct Service branch makes the Scouting movement available to US citizens and their dependents living in countries outside these jurisdictions or in isolated areas. The Aloha Council in Hawaii also serves BSA units in the American territories of American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and in the sovereign countries of the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau.[114]

The Greater New York Councils are unique in that they are divided into five boroughs with each led by a borough Scout executive and each borough then divided into districts.

Councils are divided into districts with leadership provided by the district executive, district chairman, and the district commissioner.[111] Districts are directly responsible for the operation of Scouting units and, except for the district executive, are mostly staffed with volunteers.[112] The voting members of each district consist of volunteer representatives from each chartered organization having at least one BSA unit, plus annually elected members-at-large who in turn elect the district chairman. Boroughs and districts are subdivisions of the local council and do not have a separate corporate status.[115]

See also: List of defunct councils (Boy Scouts of America)

See also: List of council camps (Boy Scouts of America)

### Chartered organizations and units[edit]

See also: Chartered Organizations of the Boy Scouts of America

The Boy Scouts of America partners with community organizations, such as religious congregations, fraternal groups, service clubs, and other community associations, to provide the Scouting program for the particular neighborhood or community in which the particular organization wishes to reach out to youth and families. These organizations hold charters issued by the BSA and are known then as chartered organizations. Each chartered organization provides the meeting place for BSA youth, oversees the volunteer leaders, and agrees to follow the basic BSA safety policies and values-based program, and the organization is considered the "owner" of its local program, much like a franchise.[116]

Within each chartered organization, there may be one or more "units". A unit is a group of youth and adults which are collectively designated as a Cub Scout pack, Boy Scout troop, Venturing crew, or Sea Scout ship. Each chartered organization may charter as many units as it wishes, but usually only 3 or 4 (one unit for each program level). The BSA council provides the leader training, inter-unit activities, camping programs, volunteer and professional support, and insurance coverage. Units also create their own activities (such as monthly camping trips, outings, or service projects), and most meet weekly at the place of the chartered organization for youth to learn basic skill development and practice leadership in small groups known as dens and patrols.[116]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was the first partner to sponsor Scouting in the United States. It adopted the program in 1913 as part of its Mutual Improvement Association program for young men,[117] and it was the largest single sponsor of Scouting until it ceased sponsoring Scouting units[118][119] at the end of 2019.[120]

The BSA at its peak reportedly had 4.8 million members in the 1970s with its membership plunging to less than half across its 266 local councils; down from 2.9 million in 2006[121] to roughly 2.3 million youth members just over a decade later.[122]

### Leadership[edit]

Main article: Leadership in the Boy Scouts of America

All Scouting units above the Cub Scout pack (i.e. units serving adolescent Scouts), leadership of the unit comprises both adult leaders (Scouters) and youth leaders (Scouts). In fact, this is a critical component of the program. In order to learn leadership, the youth must actually serve in leadership roles. Adult leaders may be either men or women in all positions.[116]

A properly run Scouts BSA troop is run by the Senior Patrol Leader, who is elected by the troop, and their assistant, who may either be elected or appointed. These and the other youth leaders are advised and supported by the adult leaders. "Scouts are youth-led."[123]

### Finance[edit]

The National Council is incorporated as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization and is funded from private donations, membership dues, corporate sponsors, and special events with total revenues of $237 million.[124][125]

In addition to donations from individuals, the BSA receives extensive donations from major corporations. In 2010, their top corporate donors were, in order, Intel, Emerson, Verizon, 3M, Bank of America, Wells Fargo, Pfizer, Valero, UPS, U.S. Bank, Eli Lilly, GE, and Monsanto.[126]

## Impact on American life[edit]

Further information: Scouting in popular culture, List of Scouts, and List of Eagle Scouts (Boy Scouts of America)

FEMA Boy Scouts of America video

Scouting and Boy Scouts are well known throughout American culture and approximately 110 million Americans have participated in BSA programs at some time in their lives.[11] The term "Boy Scout" is used to generally describe someone who is earnest and honest, or who helps others cheerfully; it can also be used as a pejorative term for someone deemed to be overly idealistic.[127]

Prominent Americans in diverse walks of life, from filmmaker Steven Spielberg (who helped launch a merit badge in cinematography) to adventurer Steve Fossett to U.S. presidents, were BSA members as youths.[128][129] Over two-thirds of all astronauts have had some type of involvement in Scouting,[130] and eleven of the twelve men to walk on the Moon were Scouts, including Eagle Scouts Neil Armstrong and Charlie Duke.[131][132] The pinewood derby—a wood car racing event for Cub Scouts—has been declared "a celebrated rite of spring" and was named part of "America's 100 Best" by Reader's Digest.[133]

President Gerald Ford said, "I can say without hesitation, because of Scouting principles, I know I was a better athlete, I was a better naval officer, I was a better congressman, and I was a better prepared President."[134]

Norman Rockwell's Beyond the Easel, 1969 Boy Scout Troop 68 (1974)

Famed American illustrator Norman Rockwell's works were closely associated with the Boy Scouts of America for much of the 20th century.[135]: 43 Beginning in 1913, Rockwell began illustrating covers of Boys' Life, the magazine for BSA youth. He also drew the organization's annual calendar illustrations between 1925 and 1976.[135]: 89

In 1969, as a tribute to Rockwell's 75th birthday, officials of Brown & Bigelow and the Boy Scouts of America asked Rockwell to pose in Beyond the Easel for a calendar illustration. As part of the US Bicentennial celebrations in 1976, Rockwell's Scouting paintings toured the nation and were viewed by 280,000 people.[135]: 155 In 2008, a twelve-city US tour of Rockwell's works was scheduled.[136]

Alvin Townley wrote in Legacy of Honor about the large positive impact of Eagle Scouts in America. Townley cited such examples as how Scouts, especially Eagle Scouts, were disproportionately represented among Hurricane Katrina's volunteer relief workers; just as they are disproportionately represented among members of the United States Senate.[11]: 152 Former Governor Rick Perry of Texas is an Eagle Scout who defended BSA policies and restrictions against ACLU criticisms in his book, On My Honor: Why the American Values of the Boy Scouts Are Worth Fighting For.[137]

Boy Scouts of the Eagle Patrol Eagle Scouts

Mark Mays, CEO of Clear Channel Communications, told a magazine interviewer in May 2008 that, "Particularly in the very impactful ages of youth 11 to 14 years old, when they can really go astray and you're taking the time to spend with them and focus on cultural core values like reverent, trustworthy, loyal, and helpful—all of those different things ... Scouting has a huge positive impact on boys and their lives, and that in turn positively impacts our communities and society as a whole."[138]

Mayor of New York City and business tycoon Michael Bloomberg, said that the BSA's Scout Law required of all Boy Scouts—a Scout is trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean, and reverent—are "all the American values ... Americans have quaintly simplistic ways and direct ways of phrasing things ... I think it's one of the great strengths of this country."[11]: 116

Peter Applebome, an editor of The New York Times, wrote in 2003 of his experience as an adult participating with his son in Scouting activities, "I feel lucky to have had this unexpected vehicle to share my son's youth, to shape it, and to be shaped by it as well."[139] He concluded that, although Scouting is viewed by some as old-fashioned, "Scouting's core values ... are wonderful building blocks for a movement and a life. Scouting's genuinely egalitarian goals and instincts are more important now than they've ever been. It's one of the only things that kids do that's genuinely cooperative, not competitive."[139]: 319–320

At the turn of the 20th century, Halloween had turned into a night of vandalism, with destruction of property and cruelty to animals and people.[140] Around 1912, the BSA, Boys Clubs and other neighborhood organizations came together to encourage a safe celebration that would end the destruction that had become so common on this night.[141]

The Boy Scouts of America are quite particular about how and when the Scout uniforms and insignia may be used in film and other portrayals; and for that reason, most films and television productions made in the US utilize "ersatz" Scouting organizations. Examples of this include the "Order of the Straight Arrow", portrayed in the King of the Hill cartoon series, and the "Indian Guides" depicted in the 1995 Chevy Chase film, Man of the House. One exception to this policy is the Walt Disney movie Follow Me, Boys! with Fred MacMurray portraying a Scoutmaster of a rural troop. It was released to theaters in 1966 and re-released in 1976. Another is the final scene of The Sopranos television show, where Tony Soprano sits down to dinner in a restaurant. At another table, several Cub Scouts, in full uniform, are seated.

### Good Turns[edit]

Smokey Bear with members of the Boy Scouts of America and the Camp Fire Girls celebrating the 50th anniversary of their founding in 1960 Poston AZ Scouts 1955

From the inception of the Scouting movement, Scouts have been urged to "Do a Good Turn Daily", as it is the slogan for the Boy Scouts of America. The first national Good Turn was the promotion of a safe and sane Fourth of July in 1912. During World War I, Every Scout to Save a Soldier was a slogan used to motivate children involved in Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts to help sell War savings stamps.[142] Scouting for Food is an ongoing annual program begun in 1986 that collects food for local food banks.[143]

In 1997, the BSA developed Service to America with a commitment to provide 200 million hours of service by youth members by the end of the year 2000. As part of Service to America, the BSA provided service projects in conjunction with the National Park Service. In October 2003, the Department of the Interior expanded the program with the creation of Take Pride in America, opening service to all Americans.[144] Service to America became Good Turn for America in 2004 and expanded to address the problems of hunger, homelessness, and inadequate housing and poor health in conjunction with the Salvation Army, the American Red Cross, Habitat for Humanity, and other organizations.[145][146]

## Controversies[edit]

On February 1, 2019, the Boy Scouts of America renamed its flagship program, Boy Scouts, to Scouts BSA to reflect its policy change allowing girls to join separate, gender-specific troops. Shortly thereafter, the largest charter organization supporting BSA, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, decided to part ways substantially contributing to a net loss of nearly a million scouts/leaders. On February 18, 2020, the National BSA filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and is currently restructuring its financial situation. On November 16, 2020, the National BSA disclosed in their bankruptcy filings that over 92,000 former Scouts had reported sexual abuse by members of the organization. In December 2021, the insurer for the Boy Scouts of America agreed to pay $800M into the fund for survivors.[147] In 2022, the Boy Scouts of America agreed to pay an additional $2.4 Billion into the fund as part of a bankruptcy settlement with payments beginning in September 2023.[148]

### Sexual abuse cases[edit]

Main articles: Boy Scouts of America sex abuse cases and Youth Protection program (Boy Scouts of America)

Scouting sexual-abuse cases are situations where youth involved in Scouting programs have been sexually abused by someone who is also involved in the Scouting program. J.L. Tarr, a US Chief Scout Executive in the 1980s, was quoted in an article regarding sexual assault cases against Scout leaders across all 50 states: "That's been an issue since the Boy Scouts began."[149] Several reports have surfaced over the years regarding incidents of sexual abuse within the Boy Scouts of America to include incidents of repeat offenders.[150][151] There have also been several high-profile court cases that resulted in convictions and settlements involving such incidents.[150][151] On October 19, 2012, the Boy Scouts of America were forced by court order to release over 20,000 pages of documentation on 1200 alleged child sexual abuse cases within the organization from between 1965 and 1985.[152] Legal claims against BSA for such matters continue to the present day.[153][154] Following its bankruptcy in February 2020, over 92,000 sexual abuse claims were filed with the bankruptcy court before the November 16, 2020 deadline to receive claims.[155][156]

In the 1980s BSA developed its Youth Protection program, to educate youth, leaders and parents about the problem, and to introduce barriers to sexual abuse of children using the Scout program to reach victims. "Two deep" leadership dictates that no adult member can be alone with any youth member (other than their own child). Shortly after joining, youth must discuss with their parents a pamphlet on sexual abuse. Prior to joining, adults must take a youth protection training course, which must be renewed every two years. Since 2003, new adult members must pass a criminal background check (adults who were already members had to pass a background check by 2008). The Youth Protection Plan from the organization is linked to in a CDC report on such programs.[157]

### Financial problems[edit]

In recent decades, membership in the BSA and income have declined.[158]

In addition, the organization spent millions of dollars to contest and settle lawsuits arising from sexual misconduct by BSA volunteers and employees dating back to the 1960s. From 2015 to 2017, it paid nearly $12 million to the law firm Ogletree Deakins for litigation counsel.[159] In its 2018 annual report, BSA officials said that the organization's future financial situation would depend on the outcome of various litigation and its costs. The annual report said that the BSA may have "to pay damages out of its own funds to the extent the claims are not covered by insurance or if the insurance carriers are unable or unwilling to honor the claims."[160]

Accordingly, the BSA hired a law firm in December 2018 to investigate filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.[161] Such a bankruptcy could stop litigation of at least 140 lawsuits and prevent further lawsuits.[162] In October 2019, the BSA raised membership rates to cover its increased operational expenses, particularly insurance costs.[163]

On February 18, 2020, the organization filed for bankruptcy in the Bankruptcy court of the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, listing liabilities of between $100 million and $500 million and assets of $1 billion to $10 billion. The bankruptcy filing came as the organization faced hundreds of sexual abuse lawsuits. As a result of the filing, all civil litigation against the organization was suspended.[145][164][165][166] Local Councils and units remained largely unaffected as they are standalone units.[167] BSA contends that it alone should be financially responsible for any settlements in the sex abuse case lawsuits.[168] Plaintiffs have complained that BSA is hiding its assets through its affiliates.[169][170] Critics of the filing derisively described the organization and its move as "bankrupt, but not because it's broke."[171]

### Anti-bullying movement[edit]

Due to reports surfacing in the 1970s and 1980s regarding a high level of bullying in the Boy Scouts, efforts were made to develop a no-tolerance bully policy within the Boy Scouts of America.[172] In the 1990s, the Boy Scouts acknowledged that the organization had a problem with bullying, in particular due to a "boys will be boys" attitude within Scouting before the 1970s, when adult leaders tended to overlook younger or weaker Scouts who were "picked on" by older boys, such adult leaders feeling that bullying "toughened someone up", labeling boys as "snitches" and "tattletales" should bullying be reported to the adult leadership.[173]

One of the more widely published accounts of Boy Scout bullying occurred in July 1987 when a Boy Scout at the Goshen Scout Reservation was severely beaten in his sleep by several other Scouts. The incident resulted in the Goshen staff changing the layout of its campsites, to prevent having sites in extremely isolated areas, as well as assigning camp staff members to each visiting troop as "advisors" and also to watch for fights or other trouble resulting from conflicts developing at the various campsites.[174]

In the 21st century, the Boy Scouts have adopted a "Bullying Awareness Program" which trains adults to recognize the signs of bullying, especially in isolated environments such as extended campouts in the wilderness or at summer camp. Parents are also advised on what to do, and whom to contact, should a Scout state they are being bullied by other Scouts. Dealing with the bullies themselves is also addressed, in particular those bullies who "game the system", pretending to be compassionate and apologetic to bully victims when adults confront them, only to return to such behaviors when the adults are no longer present.[175]

## Commemorations[edit]

In 1950 the US Post Office issued its first Boy Scout stamp, (left) commemorating the 40th Anniversary.
In 1960 it issued another stamp, commemorating the Boy Scout's 50th Anniversary.
Since then several other Boy Scout stamps have been issued.[176]

Boy Scouts of America 100th Anniversary commemorative Silver Dollar
issued March 23, 2010 by the United States Mint[177]

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b "2023 Report to the Nation" (PDF) (Press release). Retrieved August 17, 2023.
2. ^ Knauth, Dietrich (September 19, 2023). "Boy Scouts victims begin receiving settlement payouts as appeals continue". Reuters.
3. ^ Phillips, John Calvin (2001). Selling America: the Boy Scouts of America in the Progressive Era, 1910–1921 (PDF) (Thesis). University of Maine. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2008. Retrieved July 19, 2008.
4. ^ a b Macleod, David L. (1983). Building Character in the American Boy: The Boy Scouts, YMCA and Their Forerunners, 1870–1920. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0299094003.
5. ^ Anderson, H. Allen (1986). The Chief: Ernest Thompson Seton and the Changing West. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-0890962398.
6. ^ Beardsall, Jonny (2007). "Dib, dib, dib... One Hundred Years of Scouts at Brownsea". National Trust Magazine. National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty (Spring 2007): 525–555.
7. ^ Peterson, Robert W. (2001). "The Man Who Got Lost in the Fog". Scouting. Boy Scouts of America. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
8. ^ Rowan, Edward L (2005). To Do My Best: James E. West and the History of the Boy Scouts of America. Exeter, NH: Publishing Works, Inc. ISBN 978-0974647913.
9. ^ Boy Scouts Handbook: Original 1911 Edition. Skyhorse. 1911. pp. 374–375. ISBN 978-1626366398.
10. ^ Peterson, Robert W. (1984). The Boy Scouts: An American Adventure. American Heritage. ISBN 978-0828111737.
11. ^ a b c d Townley, Alvin (2007). Legacy of Honor: The Values and Influence of America's Eagle Scouts. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 12\. ISBN 978-0312366537. Archived from the original on May 29, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
12. ^ The National and World Jamborees in Pictures. New York: Boy Scouts of America. 1937. p. 131.
13. ^ a b "BSA Vision Statement". U.S. Scouting Service Project. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved July 22, 2008.
14. ^ "Aims and Methods Boy Scouts of America". Retrieved October 20, 2018.
15. ^ "Boy Scouts Are Just Scouts Now, and That's Making Girl Scouts Mad". Bloomberg L.P. April 17, 2019.
16. ^ "The Boy Scouts say they will now admit girls. Here's what that means". PBS. October 11, 2017.
17. ^ "Boy Scouts' ranks drop after year of policy change". San Antonio Express News. Associated Press. February 12, 2014.
18. ^ "U.S. Code: Title 36. Patriotic and National Observances, Ceremonies, and Organizations". LII / Legal Information Institute.
19. ^ Moe, Ronald C. (April 8, 2004). Congressionally Chartered Nonprofit Organizations ("Title 36 Corporations"): What They Are and How Congress Treats Them (PDF). CRS Report to Congress (Report). Congressional Research Service. Order Code RL30340. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 30, 2008. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
20. ^ a b Petterchak 2003, pp. 110–111
21. ^ "What is a congressional charter?", Knight Ridder Newspapers, December 12, 2007.
22. ^ "Exclusive right to emblems, badges, marks, and words". Retrieved September 25, 2013.
23. ^ Kosar, Kevin R. "Congressional or Federal Charters: Overview and Current Issues," Archived June 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Congressional Research Service, CRS Report to Congress. Order Code RS22230 (January 23, 2007).
24. ^ "How old (or young) can a youth be to join Scouting?". Boy Scouts of America. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
25. ^ a b Boy Scouts of America Youth Application (PDF). Boy Scouts of America. September 12, 2017. #524-406. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 7, 2018. "Children can be Scouts if they have completed the fifth grade and are at least 10 years old, OR have earned the Arrow of Light Award and are at least 10 years old, OR are age 11 but have not reached age 18. ... Venturers and Sea Scouts registered in a crew or ship prior to their 21st birthday may continue as members after their 21st birthday until the crew or ship recharters or until they reach their 22nd birthday, whichever comes first."
26. ^ "Sea Scouts, BSA". Archived from the original on July 1, 2008. Retrieved June 28, 2008.
27. ^ a b "Boy Scouts". The New Book of Knowledge. Grolier Online. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved February 24, 2008.(subscription required)
28. ^ "Order of the Arrow". Boy Scouts of America. Archived from the original on February 13, 2015. Retrieved February 12, 2015.
29. ^ "About STEM Scouts". Boy Scouts of America. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
30. ^ Brock, Wayne (April 29, 2015). "Boy Scouts CEO: Let's build robots, not fires". USA Today. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
31. ^ "At a Glance". Boy Scouts of America. 2010. Archived from the original on July 6, 2012. Retrieved June 23, 2010. (Learning for Life numbers are no longer reported)
32. ^ "Learning for Life – Exploring". Learning For Life. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
33. ^ a b "Learning For Life". BSA Discrimination. Archived from the original on June 9, 2008. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
34. ^ "What Is Exploring?" (PDF). Learning For Life. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2009. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
35. ^ The BSA Expands Programs to Welcome Girls from Cub Scouts to Highest Rank of Eagle Scout Archived October 11, 2017, at archive.today Boy Scouts of America
36. ^ Williams, Pete (October 11, 2017). "Boy Scouts Will Admit Girls, Allow Them to Earn Eagle Scout Rank". NBC News. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
37. ^ "The BSA Expands Programs to Welcome Girls from Cub Scouts to Highest Rank of Eagle Scout" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 12, 2017. Retrieved October 12, 2017.
38. ^ "Cub Scouts Welcomes Girls to Expanded Programs". October 11, 2017. Archived from the original on October 12, 2017. Retrieved October 12, 2017.
39. ^ "Boy Scouts Allowing Girls into Cub Program, but Will Keep Them Separate". ABC News. October 12, 2017. Archived from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
40. ^ "Boy Scouts Changing Name To 'Scouts BSA', As Girls Welcomed into Program". NPR.
41. ^ a b "BSA reaffirms Duty to God aspect of all programs through resolution adopted at 2018 National Annual Meeting". AARON ON SCOUTING. May 13, 2018. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
42. ^ "Fact Sheet: Scouting in the Buddhist Community". venturingbsa.com. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
43. ^ "Memorandum of Understanding". UUA.org. March 14, 2016. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
44. ^ "Litigation". BSALegal.org. Boy Scouts of America. 2006. Archived from the original on December 26, 2006. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
45. ^ "Morally Straight". BSALegal.org. Archived from the original on February 6, 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
46. ^ Crary, David. "Boy Scouts To Review Ban On Gays; No Change Imminent" Huffington Post. AP. June 6, 2012.
47. ^ "Boy Scouts to review ban on gays". Fox News Channel. June 7, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
48. ^ "After Two-year Evaluation, Boy Scouts of America Affirms Membership Standards and Announces No Change in Policy". Boy Scouts of America. July 17, 2012. Archived from the original on August 6, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
49. ^ Leitsinger, Miranda (July 17, 2012). "Boy Scouts: We're keeping policy banning gays". NBC News. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
50. ^ Rogoway, Mike (November 10, 2012). "Intel will end support for Oregon Boy Scouts over Scouts' policy on gays". The Oregonian. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
51. ^ "UPS stops Boy Scout funding over anti-gay policy". CBS News. November 12, 2012. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
52. ^ Schulz, Sam (December 11, 2012). "Merck Pulls Boy Scouts Funding Over Anti-Gay Policy". NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
53. ^ Spain, William, "Merck cuts funds to Boy Scouts over antigay policy", MarketWatch, December 10, 2012. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
54. ^ McGregor, Jena (July 19, 2012). "After Boy Scouts of America reaffirms exclusion of gays, the biggest leadership question remains". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
55. ^ Joshua, Cobb (July 17, 2012). "AT&T CEO commits to ending ban on gay Boy Scouts, leaders". Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
56. ^ "Membership Policy" (Press release). Boy Scouts of America. January 28, 2013.
57. ^ "Boy Scouts vote to allow gay youth". Dallas Voice. Archived from the original on July 1, 2013. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
58. ^ "Boy Scouts of America Statement". Boy Scouts of America. May 23, 2013. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
59. ^ "Boy Scouts to allow gay youths to join". CNN. May 23, 2013. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
60. ^ Eckholm, Erik (May 23, 2013). "Boy Scouts End Longtime Ban on Openly Gay Youths". The New York Times. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
61. ^ "So. Baptists Pass Resolution Urging Boy Scouts to Not Repeal Gay Ban by Michael Gryboski of CP". The Christian Post. February 20, 2013. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
62. ^ Ellsworth, Tim (June 12, 2013). "Boy Scout resolution adopted by SBC". Baptist Press. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
63. ^ Payne, Ed (September 9, 2013). "Trail Life USA launches a Boy Scout alternative". CNN. Retrieved February 15, 2014.
64. ^ Lohr, Kathy (September 9, 2013). "Trail Life USA, The 'Other' Boy Scouts of America". NPR. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
65. ^ "Trail Life USA: An alternative to the Boy Scouts". The Washington Post. September 9, 2013. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
66. ^ "Boy Scouts or an alternative? Churches continue to deliberate". Baptist Press. September 16, 2013. Archived from the original on September 27, 2013. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
67. ^ "Irving-based Boy Scouts of America's executive committee votes to end ban on gay leaders". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on July 14, 2015. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
68. ^ Richter, Marice (July 28, 2015). "Boy Scouts lift blanket ban on gay adult leaders, employees". Reuters. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
69. ^ "Boy Scouts of America allows transgender children who identify as boys to enroll". The Guardian. Associated Press. January 30, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
70. ^ "Family Scouting". scoutingnewsroom.org. October 11, 2017. Archived from the original on October 12, 2017. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
71. ^ "Boy Scouts get first transgender member". Mercurynews.com. February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
72. ^ Levenson, Eric; Watts, Amanda (May 2, 2018). "Boy Scouts is dropping the word 'boy' from its main program as girls prepare to join". CNN.
73. ^ Girl Scouts of the United States of America v. Boy Scouts of America, 18-cv-10287 (U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York (Manhattan)).
74. ^ Berthelsen, Christian. "The Girl Scouts Just Sued the Boy Scouts Over Use of the Term 'Scout'". Time. Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on November 7, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
75. ^ Rothschild, Mary Aickin (Autumn 1981). "To Scout or to Guide? The Girl Scout-Boy Scout Controversy, 1912–1941". Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies. 6 (3): 115–121. doi:10.2307/3346224. JSTOR 3346224.
76. ^ "Cub Scout Aims and Methods". Scouting.org. Retrieved November 20, 2018.
77. ^ "Basic Leader Training". Boy Scouts of America. 2008. Archived from the original on December 12, 2008. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
78. ^ a b "Boy Scout Advancement". U.S. Scouting Service Project. January 17, 2008. Retrieved July 14, 2008.
79. ^ Wendell, Bryan (November 18, 2013). "New details on the rollout of using One Oath and Law in all programs". Bryan on Scouting. Retrieved March 20, 2021.
80. ^ "What is Venturing" (doc). U.S. Scouting Service Project. Retrieved June 28, 2008.
81. ^ a b "Venturing and Sea Scouting Awards". U.S. Scouting Service Project. August 9, 2007. Retrieved July 14, 2008.
82. ^ Wendell, Bryan (February 9, 2018). "20 facts about Venturing for the program's 20th birthday". Bryan on Scouting. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
83. ^ "Eagle Palm Requirements". usscouts.org. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
84. ^ a b "Requirements for Boy Scout Ranks". U.S. Scouting Service Project. 2019. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
85. ^ a b Wendell, Bryan (February 8, 2018). "110 Scouts who became famous (just in time for the BSA's 110th birthday)". Bryan on Scouting.
86. ^ "Famous Eagle Alumni". The National Eagle Scout Association. Archived from the original on August 14, 2020. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
87. ^ "National Jamboree". Time. July 12, 1937. Archived from the original on June 17, 2009. Retrieved September 24, 2008.
88. ^ a b Grant, Bruce (1952). The Boy Scout Encyclopedia; Text and Illus. Prepared under the Direction of the Boy Scouts of America. Chicago: Rand McNally. p. 83\. ISBN 978-1121366435.
89. ^ "The Summit: Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve" (PDF). Boy Scouts of America. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 10, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
90. ^ a b Boy Scouts of America Handbook For Boys, New York:Boy Scouts of America, 33rd Edition (1925)
91. ^ Scout Knife Reference, Scoutknives.net, retrieved October 18, 2022
92. ^ An American History of the Backpack, January 27, 2016, retrieved October 18, 2022
93. ^ A History of Wood Badge in the United States. Boy Scouts of America. 1990. ASIN B0013ENRE8.
94. ^ "Powder Horn Training". Retrieved March 29, 2006.
95. ^ "Sea Scouts BSA: Seabadge". Sea Scouts – Boy Scouts of America. 2003. Archived from the original on June 29, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
96. ^ "The Youth Leadership Training Continuum: A Guide for Scout Leaders and Parents". Boy Scouts of America. Archived from the original on October 17, 2007. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
97. ^ "Adult". Boy Scouts of America. Archived from the original on April 17, 2010. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
98. ^ "Central Region NLS Page". Central Region, Order of the Arrow, Boy Scouts of America. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 3, 2014.
99. ^ National Camping School Resource Center. National Camping School Boy Scouts of America. Retrieved March 5, 2012.
100. ^ National Camping Schools 2012. National Camping School Boy Scouts of America. Retrieved March 5, 2012.
101. ^ "National Camping School". Information Center – Insignia. Boy Scouts of America. 2010. Archived from the original on December 20, 2011. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
102. ^ The Training Times Archived March 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. scouting.org. Spring 2011. Retrieved March 5, 2012.
103. ^ "The Outdoor Code". outdoorethics-bsa.or. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
104. ^ "BSA fieldbook". BSA Troop 577. Archived from the original on February 24, 2017. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
105. ^ "History of the BSA Fact Sheet" (PDF). Boy Scouts of America. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2014. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
106. ^ "2015 Treasurer's Report" (PDF). Boy Scouts of America. April 11, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
107. ^ Hirschfield, Brad (July 20, 2012). "Boy Scouts of America should learn from its own history – For God's Sake". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
108. ^ "President Monson Discusses Strengths of Scouting". The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
109. ^ "National Service Territory Maps".
110. ^ Nelson, Bill. "Organization of the Boy Scouts of America". U.S. Scouting Service Project. Archived from the original on February 15, 2008. Retrieved December 5, 2008.
111. ^ a b Nelson, Bill. "Organization of the Boy Scouts of America". U.S. Scouting Service Project. Archived from the original on February 15, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2008.
112. ^ a b Rules and Regulations of the Boy Scouts of America. Boy Scouts of America. 1985.
113. ^ "Commissioners". Boy Scouts of America. 2008. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
114. ^ "Aloha Council". Aloha Council, BSA. Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. Retrieved July 3, 2008.
115. ^ "How the Council Functions to Carry Out the Purpose of the BSA" (PDF). THE COUNCIL. Boy Scouts of America. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 31, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013.
116. ^ a b c "THE CHARTERED ORGANIZATION REPRESENTATIVE GUIDEBOOK" (PDF). scoutingwire.org. Boy Scouts of America. 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
117. ^ Monson, Thomas S. (November 1982). "Run, Boy, Run!". Ensign. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
118. ^ Boy Scouts of America Fact Sheet Archived February 1, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Last updated December 31, 2013. Originally retrieved July 22, 2012 and again April 9, 2014 for comparison.
119. ^ O'Brien, Brendan. "Mormon church, Boy Scouts to end century-long relationship". Reuters. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
120. ^ "Church Announces Plan for Worldwide Initiative for Children and Youth – Church News and Events". churchofjesuschrist.org. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
121. ^ "2006 Report of the Treasurer and Consolidated Financial Statements, Boy Scouts of America (No. 10-518)" (PDF). Boy Scouts of America. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 11, 2019. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
122. ^ Butt, Rachel (January 8, 2019). "Boy Scouts of America Seeks Survival Skills To Deal With Abuse Allegations". Forbes. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
123. ^ Green, Clarke (February 3, 2016). "What is a "Youth-Led Troop"?". ScoutmasterCG.
124. ^ "Charity Review of Boy Scouts of America". Better Business Bureau. April 2010. Archived from the original on November 5, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
125. ^ Form 990 (PDF). Internal Revenue Service. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 23, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
126. ^ Birkey, Andy (September 18, 2012). "Corporations Giving Big Money to Boy Scouts Despite Antigay Policy". The Advocate. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
127. ^ Simon, Scott (June 14, 2008). "Remembering the Boy Scouts". NPR. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
128. ^ McBride, Joseph (1999). Steven Spielberg. New York: Da Capo Press. p. 43\. ISBN 978-0306809002.
129. ^ Freeze, Di (October 1, 2007). "Steve Fossett: Always Scouting for New Adventures". Airport Journals. Archived from the original on December 10, 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
130. ^ "NASA and Scouting: A Strong Alliance". NASA. Archived from the original on October 11, 2006. Retrieved March 19, 2008.
131. ^ "Astronauts and the BSA" (PDF). Boy Scouts of America. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 22, 2011. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
132. ^ Cowing, Keith (May 24, 2006). "Celestron and Boy Scouts Venture Where NASA cannot (Or will not)". Nasawatch. Retrieved April 27, 2008.
133. ^ "Best Mother-Son Finish". Reader's Digest. 2006. Archived from the original on May 23, 2009. Retrieved February 29, 2008.
134. ^ Rumsfeld, Donald R. "Speech: Boy Scout National Meeting Breakfast As Delivered by Secretary of Defense and Eagle Scout Donald H. Rumsfeld". United States Department of Defense. Archived from the original on June 4, 2008. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
135. ^ a b c Hillcourt, William (1977). Norman Rockwell's World of Scouting. New York: Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 978-0810915824.
136. ^ "Rockwell and Csatari: A tour de force". Scouting: 6. March–April 2008. Archived from the original on June 11, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
137. ^ Perry, Rick (February 12, 2008). On My Honor: Why the American Values of the Boy Scouts Are Worth Fighting For. Stroud & Hall. ISBN 978-0979646225.
138. ^ "Leading the Way". Scouting: 33. May–June 2008. Archived from the original on September 20, 2008. Retrieved February 13, 2009.
139. ^ a b Applebome, Peter (2003). Scout's Honor: A Father's Unlikely Foray into the Woods. Orlando, FL: Harcourt. p. 325. ISBN 978-0151005925.
140. ^ "The New York Institute for Special Education". Nyise.org. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved September 3, 2009.
141. ^ "A Brief History of Halloween in America". DeliriumsRealm. October 9, 2007. Archived from the original on October 23, 2007. Retrieved September 3, 2009.
142. ^ "Wilson Enlists Boy Scouts". The New York Times. May 22, 1917. Retrieved September 23, 2009.
143. ^ Wendell, Bryan (October 30, 2015). "What is Scouting for Food?". Retrieved November 18, 2019.
144. ^ "Take Pride in America". Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on April 28, 2014. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
145. ^ a b Ly, Laura (February 18, 2020). "Boy Scouts of America files for bankruptcy amid hundreds of sexual abuse lawsuits". CNN. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
146. ^ "Service to America". U.S. Scouting Service Project. Retrieved July 22, 2008.
147. ^ Chase, Randall. "Boy Scouts bankruptcy case reaches settlement, insurer agrees to pay $800M into fund for victims". USA Today. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
148. ^ Knauth, Dietrich (September 19, 2023). "Boy Scouts victims begin receiving settlement payouts as appeals continue". Reuters. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
149. ^ Patrick, Boyle (1991). "Scouts Honor". The Washington Times.
150. ^ a b Barrick, Frances (June 26, 2012). "Pain continues for family of boy abused by scout leader". Archived from the original on July 31, 2012. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
151. ^ a b Felch, Jason; Christensen, Kim (August 5, 2012). "Boy Scout files reveal repeat child abuse by sexual predators". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
152. ^ Goodale, Gloria. (October 19, 2012) "Boy Scouts child abuse files: Can the organization withstand their release? Archived October 23, 2012, at the Wayback Machine" MinnPost. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
153. ^ Kelly, Cara; Heath, David; Axon, Rachel (August 5, 2019). "Nearly 800 accuse Boy Scouts of failing to protect them from sex abuse as new lawsuit is filed". USA Today. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
154. ^ Siemaszko, Corky (August 6, 2019). "Boy Scouts of America have a 'pedophile epidemic' and are hiding hundreds in its ranks, lawyers claim". NBC News. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
155. ^ McLaughlin, Eliott C.; Vera, Amir (November 16, 2020). "At least 92,000 have filed sex abuse claims against the Boy Scouts, legal team says". CNN. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
156. ^ Schmidt, Samantha. "Boy Scouts must settle 95,000 abuse claims by next summer – or risk running out of cash". The Washington Post.
157. ^ Saul, Janet; Audage, Natalie C. (2007). "Preventing Child Sexual Abuse Within Youth-serving Organizations: Getting Started on Policies and Procedures" (PDF). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. pp. 1–55. Retrieved November 18, 2010.
158. ^ Swenson, Jason (May 8, 2018). "Church to End Relationship with Scouting; Announces New Activity Program for Children and Youth – Church News and Events". The Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
159. ^ Stech-Ferek, Katy (December 12, 2018). "Boy Scouts of America Considers Bankruptcy Filing Amid Sex-Abuse Lawsuits". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
160. ^ Summers, Madison (December 13, 2018). "BSA Membership Tumbled Amid Scandals and Decision to Allow Girls – Now They're on the Brink of Bankruptcy". Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
161. ^ Suarez-Sang, Lucia (December 12, 2018). "Boy Scouts of America considering filing for bankruptcy, reports say". Fox News. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
162. ^ Caplan, Joshua (December 13, 2018). "Report: Boy Scouts of America May File for Bankruptcy (Breitbart)". Retrieved December 13, 2018.
163. ^ Gonzalez, Richard. "The Boy Scouts of America Will Increase Their Membership Fees By More Than 80%". NPR. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
164. ^ "Boy Scouts Seek Chapter 11 Protection From Sex-Abuse Lawsuits". The Wall Street Journal. February 18, 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
165. ^ Siemaszko, Corky (February 18, 2020). "Boy Scouts of America, hobbled by multiple sex-abuse lawsuits, files for bankruptcy protection".
166. ^ Wamsley, Laurel; Goodwyn, Wade (February 18, 2020). "Boy Scouts of America Files For Bankruptcy As It Faces Hundreds of Sex-Abuse Claims". NPR.
167. ^ "The Boy Scouts of America Files for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy to Equitably Compensate Victims While Ensuring Scouting Continues Across the Country". scountingnewsroom.org. February 17, 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
168. ^ Kelly, Cara (May 6, 2020). "Tensions rise over local councils' role in Boy Scouts bankruptcy proceedings". USA Today. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
169. ^ Brickley, Peg (July 9, 2020). "Boy Scouts Bankruptcy Roiled by Suspicions About Asset Transfers". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
170. ^ McCambridge, Ruth (July 13, 2020). "Boy Scouts Hope to Have It Both Ways as Victims Accuse It of Hiding Assets". Non Profit News | Nonprofit Quarterly. Archived from the original on July 15, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
171. ^ Suddath, Claire (February 18, 2020). "Boy Scouts of America Is Bankrupt, But Not Because It's Broke". Bloomberg News. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
172. ^ Wendel, Ron, "The Scoutmaster Minute: Your Handbook for Inspiring Moments", Gibbs Smith Publishing (2005)
173. ^ Townley, Alvin, "Spirit of Adventure: Eagle Scouts and the Making of America's Future", Thomas Dunne Books (2009), pp. 181, 224–227
174. ^ Intress, R. S. (1987, August 4, 1987). "Boy Scout Beaten at Camp". Richmond Post Dispatch, pp. B-13
175. ^ "Bullying Awareness". BSA. January 1, 2016. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
176. ^ "Boy Scout Issue". Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
177. ^ "2010 Boy Scouts of America Centennial Silver Dollar". United States Mint. Retrieved July 6, 2021.

## Further reading[edit]

* Block, Nelson R.; Proctor, Tammy M. (2009). Scouting Frontiers: Youth and the Scout Movement's First Century. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1443804509.
* Boy Scouts of America (1911). Boy Scouts Handbook: Original 1911 Edition. Skyhorse. ISBN 978-1626366398.
* Macleod, David (2004). Building Character in the American Boy: The Boy Scouts, YMCA, and Their Forerunners, 1870–1920.
* Perry, Rick (2008). On My Honor: Why the American Values of the Boy Scouts Are Worth Fighting For. Macon, GA: Stroud & Hall. ISBN 978-0979646225.
* Petterchak, Janice A. (2003). Lone Scout: W. D. Boyce and American Boy Scouting. Rochester, Illinois: Legacy Press. ISBN 0965319873.

## External links[edit]

* Official website
* Scouting resources at Curlie
* Works by Boy Scouts of America at Project Gutenberg
* Works by or about Boy Scouts of America at Internet Archive
* Works by Boy Scouts of America at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
* FBI file on the Boy Scouts of America

* v
* t
* e

Boy Scouts of America

Organization

* Boy Scouts of America
* Cub Scouting
* Scouts BSA
* Varsity Scouting
* Venturing
* Sea Scouting
* Order of the Arrow
* National Eagle Scout Association
* Learning for Life
* Exploring
* Explorer Search and Rescue
* Fire Service Exploring
* Law Enforcement Exploring

Advancement and recognition

* Advancement and recognition

* Boy Scouting and Varsity Scouting awards

* Ranks
* Eagle Scout
* First Class Scout
* Merit badge
* Order of the Arrow honors and awards

* Venturing and Sea Scouting awards

* Quartermaster Award
* Ranger Award
* Summit Award

* Distinguished service awards

* Outstanding Eagle Scout Award
* Distinguished Eagle Scout Award
* Silver Beaver Award
* Silver Antelope Award
* Silver Buffalo Award
* Silver World Award

* Other awards

* 50-Miler Award
* Historic Trails Award
* International Spirit Award
* Religious emblems programs
* Spirit of the Eagle Award
* Square knot insignia
* BSA Distinguished Conservation Awards
* World Conservation Award
* Young American Award

Leadership, training, and awards

* Leadership
* Introduction to Leadership Skills for Troops
* Introduction to Leadership Skills for Crews
* National Advanced Youth Leadership Experience
* National Youth Leadership Training
* National Youth Leadership Training Leadership Academy
* Kodiak
* Powder Horn
* Scouter's Key Award
* Scouter's Training Award
* Seabadge
* Wood Badge
* Philmont Leadership Challenge
* Youth Protection program

People

* Chief Scout Executive
* National president
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Award
* Eagle Scouts
* Recipients of the Silver Buffalo Award
Daniel Carter Beard
* William D. Boyce
* Charles Eastman
* Carroll A. Edson
* E. Urner Goodman
* William Hillcourt
* Ernest Thompson Seton
* Unknown Scout
* James E. West

Events

* Camporee
* Klondike derby
* Order of the Arrow national events
* National Scout jamboree
* Operation On-Target
* Pinewood derby
* COPE
* Raingutter regatta
* Space derby
* Strengthen the Arm of Liberty

Other

* Boy Scout Handbook
* Boy Scout Memorial
* Scout Life
* Scouting
* Alpha Phi Omega
* Epsilon Tau Pi
* History of merit badges
* History
* Norman Rockwell calendar illustrations
* Scouting in popular culture
* The Ideal Scout
* Trail's End popcorn
* Tribe of Mic-O-Say
* Uniform and insignia

Issues

* Membership controversies
* Sex abuse
* Barnes-Wallace v. Boy Scouts of America
* Boy Scouts of America Equal Access Act
* Boy Scouts of America v. Dale
* Cradle of Liberty Council v. City of Philadelphia
* Curran v. Mount Diablo Council of the Boy Scouts of America
* Evans v. Berkeley
* Randall v. Orange County Council
* Scouting for All
* Support Our Scouts Act
* Welsh v. Boy Scouts of America
* Winkler v. Rumsfeld
* Wrenn v. Boy Scouts of America
* Yeaw v. Boy Scouts of America

National Service Territories and councils

* National Service Territories

* Abraham Lincoln Council
* Alabama-Florida Council
* Alameda Council
* Alamo Area Council
* Allegheny Highlands Council
* Allohak Council
* Aloha Council
* Andrew Jackson Council
* Anthony Wayne Area Council
* Arbuckle Area Council
* Atlanta Area Council
* Baden-Powell Council
* Baltimore Area Council
* Bay Area Council
* Bay-Lakes Council
* Black Hills Area Council
* Black Swamp Area Council
* Black Warrior Council
* Blackhawk Area Council
* Blue Grass Council
* Blue Mountain Council
* Blue Ridge Council
* Buckeye Council
* Buckskin Council
* Bucktail Council
* Buffalo Trace Council
* Buffalo Trail Council
* Caddo Area Council
* Calcasieu Area Council
* California Inland Empire Council
* Cape Cod and the Islands Council
* Cape Fear Council
* Capitol Area Council
* Cascade Pacific Council
* Catalina Council
* Central Florida Council
* Central Georgia Council
* Central Minnesota Council
* Central North Carolina Council
* Central Wyoming Council
* Chattahoochee Council
* Cherokee Area Council (Oklahoma)
* Cherokee Area Council (Tennessee)
* Chester County Council
* Chickasaw Council
* Chief Cornplanter Council
* Chief Seattle Council
* Chippewa Valley Council
* Choctaw Area Council
* Cimarron Council
* Circle Ten Council
* Coastal Carolina Council
* Colonial Virginia Council
* Columbia-Montour Council
* Connecticut Rivers Council
* Connecticut Yankee Council
* Conquistador Council
* Cornhusker Council
* Coronado Area Council
* Cradle of Liberty Council
* Crater Lake Council
* Crossroads of America Council
* Dan Beard Council
* Daniel Boone Council
* Daniel Webster Council
* De Soto Area Council
* Del-Mar-Va Council
* Denver Area Council
* East Carolina Council
* East Texas Area Council
* Erie Shores Council
* Evangeline Area Council
* Far East Council
* Five Rivers Council
* Flint River Council
* French Creek Council
* Gamehaven Council
* Garden State Council
* Gateway Area Council
* Coastal Georgia Council
* Georgia-Carolina Council
* Glacier's Edge Council
* Golden Empire Council
* Golden Spread Council
* Grand Canyon Council
* Grand Columbia Council
* Grand Teton Council
* Great Alaska Council
* Great Rivers Council
* Great Salt Lake Council
* Great Smoky Mountain Council
* Great Southwest Council
* Great Trail Council
* Greater Alabama Council
* Greater Cleveland Council
* Greater Los Angeles Area Council
* Greater New York Councils
* Greater Niagara Frontier Council
* Greater St. Louis Area Council
* Greater Tampa Bay Area Council
* Greater Western Reserve Council
* Greater Yosemite Council
* Green Mountain Council
* Greenwich Council
* Gulf Coast Council
* Gulf Stream Council
* Hawk Mountain Council
* Hawkeye Area Council
* Heart of America Council
* Heart of New England Council
* Heart of Ohio Council
* Heart of Virginia Council
* Hoosier Trails Council
* Housatonic Council
* Hudson Valley Council
* Illowa Council
* Indian Nations Council
* Indian Waters Council
* Inland Northwest Council
* Iroquois Trail Council
* Istrouma Area Council
* Jayhawk Area Council
* Jersey Shore Council
* Juniata Valley Council
* Katahdin Area Council
* La Salle Council
* Las Vegas Area Council
* Last Frontier Council
* Laurel Highlands Council
* Lewis & Clark Council
* Lincoln Heritage Council
* Lincoln Trails Council
* Long Beach Area Council
* Longhorn Council
* Longhouse Council
* Longs Peak Council
* Los Angeles Area Council
* Los Padres Council
* Louisiana Purchase Council
* Marin Council
* Mason-Dixon Council
* Maui County Council
* Mayflower Council
* Mecklenburg County Council
* Miami Valley Council
* Michigan Crossroads Council
* Great Lakes Field Service Council
* President Gerald R. Ford Field Service Council
* Southern Shores Field Service Council
* Water and Woods Field Service Council
* Mid-America Council
* Mid-Iowa Council
* Middle Tennessee Council
* Midnight Sun Council
* Minsi Trails Council
* Mississippi Valley Council
* Mobile Area Council
* Monmouth Council
* Montana Council
* Moraine Trails Council
* Mount Baker Council
* Mount Diablo Silverado Council
* Mountaineer Area Council
* Muskingum Valley Council
* Narragansett Council
* National Capital Area Council
* NeTseO Trails Council
* Nevada Area Council
* New Birth of Freedom Council
* North Florida Council
* Northeast Georgia Council
* Northeast Illinois Council
* Northeast Iowa Council
* Northeastern Pennsylvania Council
* Northern Lights Council
* Northern New Jersey Council
* Northern Star Council
* Northwest Georgia Council
* Northwest Texas Council
* Norwela Council
* Occoneechee Council
* Ohio River Valley Council
* Old Hickory Council
* Old North State Council
* Orange County Council
* Ore-Ida Council
* Oregon Trail Council
* Otschodela Council
* Overland Trails Council
* Ozark Trails Council
* Pacific Harbors Council
* Pacific Skyline Council
* Palmetto Council
* Pathway to Adventure Council
* Patriots' Path Council
* Pee Dee Area Council
* Pennsylvania Dutch Council
* Piedmont Council (California)
* Piedmont Council (North Carolina)
* Pikes Peak Council
* Pine Burr Area Council
* Pine Tree Council
* Pony Express Council
* Potawatomi Area Council
* Prairielands Council
* Puerto Rico Council
* Pushmataha Area Council
* Quapaw Area Council
* Quivira Council
* Rainbow Council
* Redwood Empire Council
* Revolutionary Trails Council
* Rio Grande Council
* Rip Van Winkle Council
* Rocky Mountain Council
* Sagamore Council
* Sam Houston Area Council
* Samoset Council
* San Diego-Imperial Council
* San Francisco Bay Area Council
* San Gabriel Valley Council
* Santa Fe Trail Council
* Seneca Waterways Council
* Sequoia Council
* Sequoyah Council
* Shenandoah Area Council
* Silicon Valley Monterey Bay Council
* Simon Kenton Council
* Sioux Council
* Snake River Council
* South Florida Council
* South Georgia Council
* South Plains Council
* South Texas Council
* Southeast Louisiana Council
* Southern Sierra Council
* Southwest Florida Council
* Spirit of Adventure Council
* Virginia Headwaters Council
* Suffolk County Council
* Susquehanna Council
* Suwannee River Area Council
* Tecumseh Council
* Texas Southwest Council
* Texas Trails Council
* Theodore Roosevelt Council
* Three Fires Council
* Three Harbors Council
* Three Rivers Council
* Tidewater Council
* Transatlantic Council
* Trapper Trails Council
* Tukabatchee Area Council
* Tuscarora Council
* Twin Rivers Council
* Twin Valley Council
* Utah National Parks Council
* Ventura County Council
* Verdugo Hills Council
* Virginia Headwaters Council
* Voyageurs Area Council
* W. D. Boyce Council
* Washington Crossing Council
* West Tennessee Area Council
* Westark Area Council
* Westchester–Putnam Council
* Western Colorado Council
* Western Los Angeles County Council
* Western Massachusetts Council
* Westmoreland-Fayette Council
* Winnebago Council
* Yocona Area Council
* Yucca Council
* Direct Service

Locations

* High Adventure Bases of the Boy Scouts of America
* Northern Tier High Adventure Bases
* Florida National High Adventure Sea Base
* Philmont Scout Ranch
* The Summit Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve
* National Scouting Museum
* BSA National Headquarters in Irving, Texas

* v
* t
* e

Scouting in the United States

| Scouting organizations|

* Baden-Powell Service Association
* Boy Scouts of America
* Girl Scouts of the USA
* International Scout and Guide Fellowship

|

Scouts-in-Exile|

* Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség
* Organization of Russian Young Pathfinders
* Polish Scouting Association

Scout-like organizations|

| Non-sectarian|

* Camp Fire
* Navigators USA
* Woodcraft Indians

|

Sectarian|

* Adventurers
* American Heritage Girls
* Awana
* Boys' Brigade
* Calvinist Cadet Corps
* Christian Service Brigade
* Federation of North-American Explorers
* GEMS Girls' Clubs
* Pathfinders
* SpiralScouts International
* Royal Rangers
* Trail Life USA
* Troops of Saint George

Historical organizations|

* American Boy Scouts
* Baden-Powell Scouts' Association
* Boy Rangers of America
* Lone Scouts of America
* New England Boy Scouts
* Rhode Island Boy Scouts
* Sons of Daniel Boone
* Woodcraft Indians

Other organizations|

* Alpha Phi Omega
* American Indian Scouting Association
* U.S. Scouting Service Project

Scouting by State

States|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

Federal district|

Washington, D.C.

Insular areas|

* American Samoa
* Guam
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Puerto Rico
* U.S. Virgin Islands

Overseas|

American Scouting overseas

* v
* t
* e

Scouting and Guiding topics

Movement|

* Scouting
* Scouting for Boys
* Scouting Round the World
* Scout method
* Scout Law
* Scout Promise
* Scout Motto
* Wood Badge
* Girl Guides
* Jamboree
* World Scout Jamboree
* World Scout Moot
* Scout Leader
* Non-aligned organisations
* Scouting controversy and conflict
* Traditional Scouting
* Scouting in popular culture
* List of Scouts
* List of highest awards in Scouting

Sections|

* Age groups in Scouting and Guiding
* Beavers
* Cub Scout
* Scout
* Venture Scout
* Rover Scout
* Rainbow Guides
* Brownie Guides
* Girl Guides
* Ranger Guides
* Air Scouts
* Extension Scouting
* Lone Scouts
* Lone Guides
* Sea Scout

Pioneers|

* Robert Baden-Powell
* Olave Baden-Powell
* Agnes Baden-Powell
* Daniel Carter Beard
* Frederick Russell Burnham
* Lawrie Dring
* Charles Eastman
* Bear Grylls
* William Hillcourt
* László Nagy
* Ernest Thompson Seton
* Jacques Sevin
* Francis Fletcher-Vane
* J. S. Wilson

Places|

* Baden-Powell House
* Brownsea Island
* Edith Macy Conference Center
* Foxlease
* Gilwell Park
* Kandersteg
* Pax Hill
* Philmont
* Scouting memorials
* Baden-Powell grave
* Scouting museums
* WAGGGS World Centres
* Kusafiri
* Nuestra Cabaña
* Our Chalet
* Pax Lodge
* Sangam

International
organisations|

* Confederation of European Scouts
* International Catholic Conference of Scouting
* International Union of Guides and Scouts of Europe
* International Scout and Guide Fellowship
* Order of World Scouts
* World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts
* World Federation of Independent Scouts
* World Organization of Independent Scouts
* World Organization of the Scout Movement

Other|

* B-P's footprint
* Ging Gang Goolie
* International Scouting Collectors Association
* Oldest Scout groups
* Outdoor education
* Leave No Trace
* Religion in Scouting
* Scout handshake
* Scout prayers
* Scout sign and salute
* Scout Spirit
* Scouting memorabilia collecting
* The Handbook for Girl Guides
* The Hackney Scout Song Book
* The Jungle Book and Scouting
* The Wolf Cub's Handbook
* SPICES
* A Boy Scout Around the World
* World Scout Emblem

* Scouting portal

* v
* t
* e

Members of the Interamerican Scout Region of the World Organization of the Scout Movement

Full members|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Argentina
* Aruba
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Belize
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Canada (English / French)
* Chile
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* Curaçao, Sint Maarten, Caribbean Netherlands
* Dominica
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* El Salvador
* Grenada
* Guatemala
* Guyana
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Jamaica
* Mexico
* Nicaragua
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Suriname
* Trinidad and Tobago
* United States
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Without Scouting|

* Cuba

Portals:

* Scouting
* United States

Boy Scouts of America at Wikipedia's sister projects:

* Media from Commons
* News from Wikinews
* Quotations from Wikiquote
* Textbooks from Wikibooks
* Data from Wikidata

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* France
* BnF data
* Germany
* Israel
* United States
* Australia

Other|

* SNAC
* IdRef

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template