Campylobacterota

Class of bacteria

Campylobacterota

Campylobacter
Scientific classification
Domain:  | Bacteria
Phylum:  | Campylobacterota
Waite et al. 2021[1]
Classes

* "Campylobacteria" Waite et al. 2017
* Desulfurellia Waite et al. 2020
* "Nautiliia" Cavalier-Smith 2020
* Genera not assigned to a class, order, or family
* Daptobacter
* Nitratiruptor
* Sulfurovum
* Thioreductor
* "Ca. Thioturbo"

Synonyms

* "Campylobacterota" Waite et al. 2018
* "Epsilonbacteraeota" Waite et al. 2017[2]

Campylobacterota are a phylum of bacteria.[3] All species of this phylum are Gram-negative.

The Campylobacterota consist of few known genera, mainly the curved to spirilloid Wolinella spp., Helicobacter spp., and Campylobacter spp. Most of the known species inhabit the digestive tracts of animals and serve as symbionts (Wolinella spp. in cattle) or pathogens (Helicobacter spp. in the stomach, Campylobacter spp. in the duodenum). Many Campylobacterota are motile with flagella.[4]

Numerous environmental sequences and isolates of Campylobacterota have also been recovered from hydrothermal vents and cold seep habitats. Examples of isolates include Sulfurimonas autotrophica,[5] Sulfurimonas paralvinellae,[6] Sulfurovum lithotrophicum[7] and Nautilia profundicola.[8] A member of the phylum Campylobacterota occurs as an endosymbiont in the large gills of the deepwater sea snail Alviniconcha hessleri.[9]

The Campylobacterota found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents characteristically exhibit chemolithotrophy, meeting their energy needs by oxidizing reduced sulfur, formate, or hydrogen coupled to the reduction of nitrate or oxygen.[10] Autotrophic Campylobacterota use the reverse Krebs cycle to fix carbon dioxide into biomass, a pathway originally thought to be of little environmental significance. The oxygen sensitivity of this pathway is consistent with their microaerophilic or anaerobic niche in these environments, and their likely evolution in the Mesoproterozoic oceans,[11] which are thought to have been sulfidic with low levels of oxygen available from cyanobacterial photosynthesis.[12]

## Phylogeny[edit]

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [13] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[14] and the phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 by 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project[15]

Campylobacterota |  |  Nautiliaceae |  |  |

Thioreductor micantisoli Nakagawa et al.2005

|

|  |  |

Caminibacter Alain et al.2002

|

|  |  |

Lebetimonas acidiphila Takai et al.2005

|

Nautilia Miroshnichenko et al.2002

|  |  |

Nitratiruptor tergarcus Nakagawa et al.2

|

Campylobacterales |  |  |

Hydrogenimonas thermophila Takai et al.2004

|

|  |  |

?Sulfuricurvum kujiense Kodama and Watanabe 2004

|

?Thiovulum majus ♪ Hinze 1913

|  |  |  |  |

Nitratifractor salsuginis Nakagawa et al.2005

|

Sulfurovum lithotrophicum Inagaki et al.2004

Sulfurimonas Inagaki et al.2003 emend. Takai et al.2006

|  |  Helicobacteraceae |  |  |

Wolinella Tanner et al.1981

|

Helicobacter Goodwin et al.1989 emend. Vandamme et al.1991

Campylobacteraceae |  |  |

?Candidatus Thioturbo danicus Muyzer et al. 2005

|

Arcobacter Vandamme et al.1991 emend. Vandamme et al.1992

|  |  |

Sulfurospirillum Schumacher et al.1993 emend. Luijten et al.2003

|

Campylobacter Sebald and Véron 1963 emend. Vandamme et al.2010

Notes:

* Prokaryotes where no pure (axenic) cultures are isolated or available, i.e. not cultivated or can not be sustained in culture for more than a few serial passages

## References[edit]

1. ^ Oren A, Garrity GM (2021). "Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 71 (10): 5056. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056. PMID 34694987. S2CID 239887308.
2. ^ Waite, David W.; Vanwonterghem, Inka; Rinke, Christian; Parks, Donovan H.; Zhang, Ying; Takai, Ken; Sievert, Stefan M.; Simon, Jörg; Campbell, Barbara J.; Hanson, Thomas E.; Woyke, Tanja; Klotz, Martin G.; Hugenholtz, Philip (2017). "Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Class Epsilonproteobacteria and Proposed Reclassification to Epsilonbacteraeota (phyl. nov.)". Frontiers in Microbiology. 8: 682. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00682. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 5401914. PMID 28484436.
3. ^ "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov". Retrieved 2009-03-19.
4. ^ Beeby, M (December 2015). "Motility in the epsilon-proteobacteria". Current Opinion in Microbiology. 28: 115–21. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.09.005. hdl:10044/1/27763. PMID 26590774.
5. ^ Inagaki, F. (2003-11-01). "Sulfurimonas autotrophica gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel sulfur-oxidizing -proteobacterium isolated from hydrothermal sediments in the Mid-Okinawa Trough". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 53 (6): 1801–1805. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02682-0. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 14657107.
6. ^ Takai, K. (2006-08-01). "Sulfurimonas paralvinellae sp. nov., a novel mesophilic, hydrogen- and sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotroph within the Epsilonproteobacteria isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent polychaete nest, reclassification of Thiomicrospira denitrificans as Sulfurimonas denitrificans comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Sulfurimonas". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 56 (8): 1725–1733. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64255-0. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 16901999.
7. ^ Inagaki, Fumio; Ken Takai; Kenneth H. Nealson; Koki Horikoshi (2004-09-01). "Sulfurovum lithotrophicum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotroph within the ε-Proteobacteria isolated from Okinawa Trough hydrothermal sediments". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 54 (5): 1477–1482. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.03042-0. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 15388698.
8. ^ Julie L. Smith; Barbara J. Campbell; Thomas E. Hanson; Chuanlun L. Zhang; S. Craig Cary (2008). "Nautilia profundicola sp. nov., a thermophilic, sulfur-reducing epsilonproteobacterium from deep-sea hydrothermal vents". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 58 (7): 1598–1602. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65435-0. PMID 18599701. S2CID 12751566.
9. ^ Suzuki, Yohey; Sasaki, Takenori; Suzuki, Masae; Nogi, Yuichi; Miwa, Tetsuya; Takai, Ken; Nealson, Kenneth H.; Horikoshi, Koki (2005). "Novel Chemoautotrophic Endosymbiosis between a Member of the Epsilonproteobacteria and the Hydrothermal-Vent Gastropod Alviniconcha aff. hessleri (Gastropoda: Provannidae) from the Indian Ocean". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 71 (9): 5440–5450. Bibcode:2005ApEnM..71.5440S. doi:10.1128/AEM.71.9.5440-5450.2005. PMC 1214688. PMID 16151136.
10. ^ Takai, Ken; et al. (2005). "Enzymatic and genetic characterization of carbon and energy metabolisms by deep-sea hydrothermal chemolithoautotrophic isolates of Epsilonproteobacteria". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 71 (11): 7310–7320. Bibcode:2005ApEnM..71.7310T. doi:10.1128/aem.71.11.7310-7320.2005. PMC 1287660. PMID 16269773.
11. ^ Campbell, Barbara J.; Engel, Annette Summers; Porter, Megan L.; Takai, Ken (2006-05-02). "The versatile ε-proteobacteria: key players in sulphidic habitats". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 4 (6): 458–468. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1414. ISSN 1740-1526. PMID 16652138. S2CID 10479314.
12. ^ Anbar, A. D.; A. H. Knoll (2002-08-16). "Proterozoic Ocean Chemistry and Evolution: A Bioinorganic Bridge?". Science. 297 (5584): 1137–1142. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.1137A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.615.3041. doi:10.1126/science.1069651. PMID 12183619. S2CID 5578019.
13. ^ J.P. Euzéby. "Epsilonproteobacteria". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Archived from the original on 2011-10-07. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
14. ^ Sayers; et al. "Epsilonproteobacteria". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2011-06-05.
15. ^ 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project."16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 (full tree)" (PDF). Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA Database. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-05-07. Retrieved 2011-11-17.

## External links[edit]

* Epsilonproteobacteria at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

* v
* t
* e

Prokaryotes: Bacteria classification

Domain
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukaryota
(Supergroup
Plant
Hacrobia
Heterokont
Alveolata
Rhizaria
Excavata
Amoebozoa
Opisthokonta

Animal
Fungi)

Terrabacteria
BV1, BV3, BV5|

| Glidobacteria
BV1|

| Eobacteria|

| Deinococcota|

* Deinococcales
* Thermales

|

Chloroflexota|

* Anaerolineales
* Caldilineales
* Chloroflexales
* Dehalococcoidales
* Herpetosiphonales
* Ktedonobacterales
* Sphaerobacterales
* Thermogemmatisporales

Others|

* Cyanobacteria

No OM|

| Bacillota
BV3
Low GC|

| Bacilli|

* Bacillales
* Lactobacillales
* Erysipelotrichiales
* Mollicutes
* Mycoplasmatales
* Entomoplasmatales
* Anaeroplasmatales
* Acholeplasmatales
* Haloplasmatales

|

Clostridia|

* Clostridiales
* Halanaerobiales
* Natranaerobiales
* Negativicutes
* Selenomonadales
* Thermoanaerobacteriales

Thermolithobacteria|

Thermolithobacterales

Actinobacteria
BV5
High GC|

| Actinomycetia|

* Actinomycetales
* Bifidobacteriales

|

Acidimicrobiia|

Acidimicrobiales

Coriobacteriia|

Coriobacteriales

Nitriliruptoria|

* Euzebyales
* Nitriliruptorales

Rubrobacteria|

* Gaiellales
* Rubrobacterales
* Thermoleophilales
* Solirubrobacterales

CPR group|

* Elulota
* Gracilibacteria
* Wirthbacteria

Thermotogida|

* Thermotogota
* Caldisericum
* Coprothermobacterota
* Dictyoglomota
* Synergistota

Hydrobacteria
BV2, BV4|

| Fusobacterida|

| Fusobacteria|

Fusobacterium

|

Campylobacterota|

* Campylobacterales
* Nautiliaceae

Spirochaeto-
bacteriobiontes|

* Spirochaetota

Elusimicrobes|

* Atribacterota
* Elusimicrobiota

PVC group|

| Planctomycetota|

* Phycisphaerales
* Planctomycetales

|

Verrucomicrobia|

* Opitutae
* Opitutales
* Puniceicoccales
* Verrucomicrobiae

Chlamydiota|

* Chlamydiae

Others|

* Lentisphaerae
* Poribacteria

FCB group|

| Fibrobacterota|

* Chitinispirillum
* Chitinivibrio

|

Chlorobi|

* Chlorobiales
* Ignavibacteriales

Bacteroidota|

* Bacteroidales
* Cytophagales
* Flavobacteriales
* Sphingobacteriales

Others|

* Rhodothermaeota
* Gemmatimonadota

Proteobacteria|

| Proteobacteria
BV2|

| Alpha|

* Caulobacterales
* Emcibacterales
* Holosporales
* Hyphomicrobiales
* Iodidimonadales
* Kordiimonadales
* Magnetococcales
* Micropepsales
* "Parvularculales"
* "Pelagibacterales"
* Rhodobacterales
* Rhodospirillales
* Rhodothalassiales
* Rickettsiales
* Sneathiellales
* Sphingomonadales

|

Beta|

* Burkholderiales
* Hydrogenophilales
* Methylophilales
* Neisseriales
* Nitrosomonadales
* Procabacteriales
* Rhodocyclales

Gamma|

* Acidithiobacillales
* Aeromonadales
* Alteromonadales
* Cardiobacteriales
* Chromatiales
* Enterobacterales
* Legionellales
* Methylococcales
* Oceanospirillales
* Orbales
* Pasteurellales
* Pseudomonadales
* Salinisphaerales
* Thiotrichales
* Vibrionales
* Xanthomonadales

Delta|

* Bdellovibrionales
* Desulfarculales
* Desulfobacterales
* Desulfovibrionales
* Desulfurellales
* Desulfuromonadales
* Myxococcales
* Syntrophobacterales
* Syntrophorhabdales

Zeta|

* Mariprofundales

Others|

* Acidobacteria
* Acidobacteriales
* Holophagae
* Aquificota
* Chrysiogenetes
* Deferribacteraceae
* Dictyoglomota
* Nitrospirota
* Thermodesulfobacteriota

* Source: Bergey's Manual (2001–2012)
* Alternative views: Wikispecies

* v
* t
* e

Pseudomonadota-associated Gram-negative bacterial infections

| Rickettsiales|

| Rickettsiaceae/
(Rickettsioses)|

| Typhus|

* Rickettsia typhi
* Murine typhus
* Rickettsia prowazekii
* Epidemic typhus, Brill–Zinsser disease, Flying squirrel typhus

|

Spotted
fever|

| Tick-borne|

* Rickettsia rickettsii
* Rocky Mountain spotted fever
* Rickettsia conorii
* Boutonneuse fever
* Rickettsia japonica
* Japanese spotted fever
* Rickettsia sibirica
* North Asian tick typhus
* Rickettsia australis
* Queensland tick typhus
* Rickettsia honei
* Flinders Island spotted fever
* Rickettsia africae
* African tick bite fever
* Rickettsia parkeri
* American tick bite fever
* Rickettsia aeschlimannii
* Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection

|

Mite-borne|

* Rickettsia akari
* Rickettsialpox
* Orientia tsutsugamushi
* Scrub typhus

Flea-borne|

* Rickettsia felis
* Flea-borne spotted fever

Anaplasmataceae|

* Ehrlichiosis: Anaplasma phagocytophilum
* Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, Anaplasmosis
* Ehrlichia chaffeensis
* Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
* Ehrlichia ewingii
* Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection

Hyphomicrobiales|

| Brucellaceae|

* Brucella abortus
* Brucellosis

|

Bartonellaceae|

* Bartonellosis: Bartonella henselae
* Cat-scratch disease
* Bartonella quintana
* Trench fever
* Either B. henselae or B. quintana
* Bacillary angiomatosis
* Bartonella bacilliformis
* Carrion's disease, Verruga peruana

| Neisseriales|

| M+|

* Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus
* Meningococcal disease, Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome, Meningococcal septicaemia

|

M−|

* Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus
* Gonorrhea

ungrouped:|

* Eikenella corrodens/Kingella kingae
* HACEK
* Chromobacterium violaceum
* Chromobacteriosis infection

Burkholderiales|

* Burkholderia pseudomallei
* Melioidosis
* Burkholderia mallei
* Glanders
* Burkholderia cepacia complex
* Bordetella pertussis/Bordetella parapertussis
* Pertussis

| Enterobacteriales
(OX−)|

| Lac+|

* Klebsiella pneumoniae
* Rhinoscleroma, Pneumonia
* Klebsiella granulomatis
* Granuloma inguinale
* Klebsiella oxytoca

* Escherichia coli: Enterotoxigenic
* Enteroinvasive
* Enterohemorrhagic
* O157:H7
* O104:H4
* Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

* Enterobacter aerogenes/Enterobacter cloacae

|

Slow/weak|

* Serratia marcescens
* Serratia infection
* Citrobacter koseri/Citrobacter freundii

Lac−|

| H2S+|

* Salmonella enterica
* Typhoid fever, Paratyphoid fever, Salmonellosis

|

H2S−|

* Shigella dysenteriae/sonnei/flexneri/boydii
* Shigellosis, Bacillary dysentery
* Proteus mirabilis/Proteus vulgaris
* Yersinia pestis
* Plague/Bubonic plague
* Yersinia enterocolitica
* Yersiniosis
* Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
* Far East scarlet-like fever

Pasteurellales|

| Haemophilus:|

* H. influenzae
* Haemophilus meningitis
* Brazilian purpuric fever
* H. ducreyi
* Chancroid
* H. parainfluenzae
* HACEK

|

Pasteurella multocida|

* Pasteurellosis
* Actinobacillus
* Actinobacillosis

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans|

* HACEK

Legionellales|

* Legionella pneumophila/Legionella longbeachae
* Legionnaires' disease
* Coxiella burnetii
* Q fever

Thiotrichales|

* Francisella tularensis
* Tularemia

Vibrionaceae|

* Vibrio cholerae
* Cholera
* Vibrio vulnificus
* Vibrio parahaemolyticus
* Vibrio alginolyticus
* Plesiomonas shigelloides

Pseudomonadales|

* Pseudomonas aeruginosa
* Pseudomonas infection
* Moraxella catarrhalis
* Acinetobacter baumannii

Xanthomonadaceae|

* Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Cardiobacteriaceae|

* Cardiobacterium hominis
* HACEK

Aeromonadales|

* Aeromonas hydrophila/Aeromonas veronii
* Aeromonas infection

| Campylobacterales|

* Campylobacter jejuni
* Campylobacteriosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome
* Helicobacter pylori
* Peptic ulcer, MALT lymphoma, Gastric cancer
* Helicobacter cinaedi
* Helicobacter cellulitis

|

Taxon identifiers|

* Wikidata: Q136797
* Wikispecies: Epsilonproteobacteria
* CoL: 8ZXV3
* EoL: 3286
* EPPO: 1EPSBC
* GBIF: 339
* iNaturalist: 119313
* IRMNG: 1082
* ITIS: 956151
* LPSN: epsilonproteobacteria.html
* NCBI: 29547
* NZOR: a49f8dec-3d69-416e-9234-9cc491a2dc7e
* WoRMS: 393209

|

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