Caribbean Community

Regional intergovernmental organisation

"Caricom" redirects here. For the airline, see Caricom Airways.

Caribbean Community

* | Dutch:| Caribische Gemeenschap

|

French:| Communauté caribéenne
Spanish:| Comunidad del Caribe

Flag

Official Logo

Anthem: "Celebrating CARICOM"[1]

Full members

Associate members

Observers

Seat of Secretariat| Georgetown, Guyana
Largest city| Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Official languages| English[2]
Working language|

* Dutch
* English
* French
* Spanish

[3][2]
Other languages|

34 languages[2][4]

* Anguillian English Creole
* Antillean French Creole
* Arabic
* Bajan English
* Bajan English Creole
* Bahamian English Creole
* Belizean English Creole
* Belizean Spanish
* Caribbean Hindustani
* Caribbean Spanish
* Cayman Islands English
* Chinese
* Dominican French Creole
* Grenadian English Creole
* Guyanese English Creole
* Jamaican English
* Jamaican Patois
* Montserrat English Creole
* Ndyuka
* Papiamento
* Plautdietsch German
* Saint Kitts Creole
* Saint Lucian French Creole
* Saramaccan
* Sranan Tongo (Taki Taki)
* Surinamese Dutch
* Tobagonian English Creole
* Trinidadian English Creole
* Trinidadian and Tobagonian English
* Turks and Caicos English Creole
* Venezuelan Spanish
* Vincentian English Creole
* Virgin Islands English Creole

16 Native non-
extinct languages[4]

* Arawak (Lokono)
* Carib (Kari'nja)
* Garifuna (Karif)
* Kapóng
* Macushi
* Mawayana (Mapidian)
* Mopan
* Pemon (Arekuna)
* Qʼeqchiʼ (Kʼekchi)
* Sikiana (Kashuyana)
* Tiriyó
* Yucatec
* Waiwai
* Wapishana
* Warao (Guarauno)
* Wayana

Ethnic groups

[5]

| In full member states:

* 73.78% Afro-Caribbean
* 8.3% Multiracial
* 6.09% Indian
* 0.49% European
* 0.39% Indigenous (Amerindian)
* 0.12% Chinese
* 10.83% Others

Demonym(s)| Caribbean people
Type| Supranational union[6]
Member states|

15 full members

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Belize
* Dominica
* Grenada
* Guyana
* Haiti
* Jamaica
* Montserrat
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and Grenadines
* Suriname
* Trinidad and Tobago

5 associates

* Anguilla
* Bermuda
* British Virgin Islands
* Cayman Islands
* Turks and Caicos Islands

8 observers

* Aruba
* Colombia
* Curaçao
* Dominican Republic
* Mexico
* Puerto Rico
* Sint Maarten
* Venezuela

Government| Intergovernmental

• Secretary-General

| Carla Barnett

• Chairman

| Dickon Mitchell[7]
Establishment

• Treaty of Chaguaramas

| 4 July 1973

• Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas

| 2001
Area

• Total

| 458,480 km2 (177,020 sq mi)
Population

• 2019 estimate

| 18,482,141 (in full member states)[8]
239,251,864[8] (in all states)

• Density

| 40.3/km2 (104.4/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)| 2020 estimate

• Total

| $145.3 billion[9]

• Per capita

| $18,289
GDP (nominal)| 2019 estimate

• Total

| $81.987 billion

• Per capita

| $12,608
HDI (2018)|  0.730[10]
high
Currency|

* Bahamian dollar (BSD)
* Barbadian dollar (BBD)
* Belize dollar (BZD)
* Bermudian dollar (BMD)
* Cayman Islands dollar (KYD)
* Eastern Caribbean dollar (XCD)
* Guyanese dollar (GYD)
* Haitian gourde (HTG)
* Jamaican dollar (JMD)
* Netherlands Antillean guilder (ANG)
* Surinamese dollar (SRD)
* Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD)
* United States dollar (USD)

Website
https://caricom.org/

The Caribbean Community (CARICOM or CC) is an intergovernmental organisation that is a political and economic union of 15 member states (14 nation-states and one dependency) and five associated members throughout the Americas, The Caribbean and Atlantic Ocean. It has the primary objective to promote economic integration and cooperation among its members, ensure that the benefits of integration are equitably shared, and coordinate foreign policy. The organisation was established in 1973,[11] by its four founding members signing the Treaty of Chaguaramas. Its primary activities involve:

* Coordinating economic policies and development planning.
* Devising and instituting special projects for the less-developed countries within its jurisdiction.
* Operating as a regional single market for many of its members (Caricom Single Market).
* Handling regional trade disputes.

The secretariat headquarters is in Georgetown, Guyana. CARICOM has been granted the official United Nations General Assembly observer status.[12]

CARICOM was established by the English-speaking countries of the Caribbean and currently includes all the independent Anglophone island countries plus Belize, Guyana, Montserrat and Suriname, as well as all other British Caribbean territories and Bermuda as associate members. English was its sole working language into the 1990s. The organisation became multilingual with the addition of Dutch and Sranan Tongo-speaking Suriname in 1995 and the French and Haitian Creole-speaking Haiti in 2002. Furthermore, it added Spanish as the fourth official language in 2003. In July 2012, CARICOM announced they considered making French and Dutch official languages.[13] In 2001, the Conference of Heads of Governments signed a revised Treaty of Chaguaramas that cleared the way to transform the idea of a common market CARICOM into the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME).[14] Part of the revised treaty establishes and implements the Caribbean Court of Justice.

## History[edit]

CARICOM, originally The Caribbean Community and Common Market, was established by the Treaty of Chaguaramas which took effect on 1 August 1973.[15] Founding states were Barbados, Jamaica, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago.

The Caribbean Community superseded the 1965–1972 Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA) organised to provide a continued economic linkage between the English-speaking countries of the Caribbean after the dissolution of the West Indies Federation, which lasted from 3 January 1958 to 31 May 1962.

A revised Treaty of Chaguaramas established The Caribbean Community including the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME) and was signed by the CARICOM Heads of Government of the Caribbean Community on 5 July 2001 at their Twenty-Second Meeting of the Conference in Nassau, The Bahamas.[16] The revised treaty cleared the way to transform the idea of a common market CARICOM into the Caribbean (CARICOM) Single Market and Economy.

Haiti's membership in CARICOM remained effectively suspended from 29 February 2004 through early June 2006 following the 2004 Haitian coup d'état and the removal of Jean-Bertrand Aristide from the presidency.[17][18] CARICOM announced that no democratically elected government in CARICOM should have its leader deposed. The fourteen other heads of government sought to have Aristide fly from Africa to Jamaica and share his account of events with them, which infuriated the interim Haitian prime minister, Gérard Latortue, who announced he would take steps to take Haiti out of CARICOM.[19] CARICOM thus voted on suspending the participation of Haitian officials from the councils of CARICOM.[20][21] Following the presidential election of René Préval, Haitian officials were readmitted and Préval himself gave the opening address at the CARICOM Council of Ministers meeting in July.[22][23]

Since 2013 the CARICOM-bloc and with the Dominican Republic have been tied to the European Union via an Economic Partnership Agreements signed in 2008 known as CARIFORUM.[24] The treaty grants all members of the European Union and CARIFORUM equal rights in terms of trade and investment. Under Article 234 of the agreement, the European Court of Justice handles dispute resolution between CARIFORUM and European Union states.[25]

## Membership[edit]

See also: Member states of the Caribbean Community

As of 2016[update] CARICOM has 15 full members, five associate members and eight observers. All associate members are British Overseas Territories, and it is currently not established what the role of the associate members will be. The observers are states which engage in at least one of CARICOM's technical committees.[26][page needed]

CARICOM members  Status  | Name  | Join date  | Notes

|
|
|

Full member  |  Antigua and Barbuda | 4 July 1974  |
The Bahamas | 4 July 1983  | Not a part of the customs union
Barbados | 1 August 1973  | One of the four founding members
Belize | 1 May 1974  |
Dominica |
Grenada |
Guyana | 1 August 1973  | One of the four founding members
Haiti | 2 July 2002  | Provisional membership on 4 July 1998
Jamaica | 1 August 1973  | One of the four founding members
Montserrat | 1 May 1974  | British overseas territory
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 26 July 1974  | Joined as Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
Saint Lucia | 1 May 1974  |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1 May 1974  |
Suriname | 4 July 1995  |
Trinidad and Tobago | 1 August 1973  | One of the four founding members
Associate  |  Anguilla | July 1999  | British overseas territory
Bermuda | 2 July 2003
British Virgin Islands | July 1991
Cayman Islands | 16 May 2002
Turks and Caicos Islands | July 1991
Observer  |  Aruba |  | Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Colombia |  |
Curaçao |  | Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Dominican Republic |  |
Mexico |  |
Puerto Rico |  | Unincorporated territory of the United States
Sint Maarten |  | Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Venezuela |  |

### Relationship with Cuba[edit]

In 2017, the Republic of Cuba and CARICOM signed the "CARICOM-Cuba Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement"[27] to facilitate closer trade ties.[28] In December 2022, President of Cuba Miguel Díaz-Canel met in Bridgetown, Barbados with the Heads of State and Government of CARICOM. On the occasion of the 8th CARICOM-Cuba Summit to commemorate the 50th Anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations with the independent States of CARICOM and Cuba and the 20th Anniversary of CARICOM-Cuba Day. Cuba also accepted CARICOM's offer to deepen bilateral cooperation and to join robust discussions in the bloc's regional 'Joint Ministerial Taskforce on Food production and Security'.

## Organizational Structure[edit]

Structures comprised by the overall Caribbean Community (CARICOM).[29]

Under Article 4 CARICOM breaks its 15 member states into two groups: Less Developed Countries (LDCs) and More Developed Countries (MDCs).[30]

The countries of CARICOM which are designated as Less Developed Countries (LDCs) are:[30]

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Belize
* Commonwealth of Dominica
* Grenada
* Republic of Haiti
* Montserrat
* Federation of St. Kitts and Nevis
* St Lucia
* St Vincent and the Grenadines

The countries of CARICOM which are designated as More Developed Countries (MDCs) are:[30]

* Commonwealth of The Bahamas
* Barbados
* Co-operative Republic of Guyana
* Jamaica
* Republic of Suriname
* Republic of Trinidad and Tobago

### Chairmanship[edit]

The post of Chairman (Head of CARICOM) is held in rotation by the regional Heads of State (for the republics) and Heads of Government (for the realms) of CARICOM's 15 member states. These include Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Haiti, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, The Bahamas, Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago.

### Heads of government[edit]

CARICOM contains a quasi-Cabinet of the individual Heads of Government. These heads are given specialised portfolios of responsibility for regional development and integration.[31]

### Secretariat[edit]

The Secretariat of the Caribbean Community is the Chief Administrative Organ for CARICOM. The Secretary-General of the Caribbean Community is the chief executive and handles foreign and community relations. Five years is the term of office of the Secretary-General, which may be renewed. The Deputy Secretary-General of the Caribbean Community handles human and Social Development. The General Counsel of the Caribbean Community handles trade and economic integration.

The goal statement of the CARICOM Secretariat is: "To contribute, in support of Member States, to the improvement of the quality of life of the People of the Community and the development of an innovative and productive society in partnership with institutions and groups working towards attaining a people-centred, sustainable and internationally competitive Community."[32]

### Organs and bodies[edit]

Principal organs  Organ  | Description

|

CARICOM Heads of Government  | Consisting of the various heads of Government from each member state
Standing Committee of Ministers  | Ministerial responsibilities for specific areas, for example the Standing Committee of Ministers responsible for Health will consist of Ministers of Health from each member state

#### Community Council[edit]

The Community Council comprises ministers responsible for community affairs and any other Minister designated by the member states at their discretion. It is one of the community's principal organs; the other is the Conference of the Heads of Government. Four other organs and three bodies support it.

Secondary organs  Secondary organ  | Abbreviation

|

Council for Finance and Planning  | COFAP
Council for Foreign and Community Relations  | COFCOR
Council for Human and Social Development  | COHSOD
Council for Trade and Economic Development  | COTED
Bodies  Body  | Description

|

Legal Affairs Committee  | provides legal advice
Budget Committee  | examines the draft budget and work programme of the Secretariat and submits recommendations to the Community Council.
Committee of the Central Bank Governors  | provides recommendations to the COFAP on monetary and financial matters.

## Institutions[edit]

The following institutions are founded by or affiliated to the Caricom:[33]

### Caricom Institutions[edit]

Institution  | Abbreviation  | Location  | Country

|
|
|

Caribbean Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency | CCREEE | Bridgetown | Barbados
Caricom Development Fund | CDF | Bridgetown | Barbados
Caribbean Telecommunications Union | CTU | Port of Spain | Trinidad and Tobago
Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre | CCCCC | Belmopan | Belize
Caricom Regional Organisation for Standards and Quality[34] | CROSQ | Bridgetown | Barbados
Caribbean Meteorological Organisation | CMO | Port of Spain | Trinidad and Tobago
Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism | CRFM | Belize City | Belize
Caricom Implementation Agency for Crime and Security | IMPACS | Port of Spain | Trinidad and Tobago
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology | CIMH | Bridgetown | Barbados
Caribbean Examinations Council | CXC | Bridgetown | Barbados
Caribbean Court of Justice | CCtJ/CCJ | Port of Spain | Trinidad and Tobago
Caricom Competition Commission | CCC | Paramaribo | Suriname
Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency | CDEMA | Saint Michael | Barbados
Caribbean Agricultural Health and Food Safety Agency | CAHFSA | Paramaribo | Suriname
Caribbean Aviation Safety and Security Oversight System | CASSOS | Kingston | Jamaica
Caribbean Public Health Agency | CARPHA | Port of Spain | Trinidad and Tobago
Caribbean Centre for Development Administration | CARICAD | Saint Michael | Barbados
Caribbean Agriculture Research and Development Institute | CARDI | Saint Augustine | Trinidad and Tobago
Caribbean Organisation of Tax Administrators | COTA | Georgetown | Guyana

### Functional cooperation[edit]

Institution  | Abbreviation  | Location  | Country

|
|
|

Caribbean Tourism Organization | CTO | Saint Michael | Barbados
Caribbean Council of Legal Education | CLE | several |
Caribbean Export Development Agency | Caribbean Export | Saint Michael | Barbados
Caribbean Regional Information and Translation Institute | CRITI | Paramaribo | Suriname

### Associate[edit]

Institution  | Abbreviation  | Location  | Country

|
|
|

Caribbean Congress of Labour | CCL | Saint Michael | Barbados
Caricom Private Sector Organization | CPSO | Saint Michael | Barbados
University of the West Indies | UWI | several |
University of Guyana | UG | Georgetown | Guyana
Caribbean Law Institute | CLI | Saint Michael | Barbados
Caribbean Development Bank | CDB | Saint Michael | Barbados

### Administration and staff[edit]

Institution  | Abbreviation  | Location  | Country

|
|
|

Secretariat of the Caribbean Community | CCS | Georgetown | Guyana
Caricom heads of government | PCC | variable |
Conference of Heads of Governments | HGC | variable |
Assembly of Caribbean Community Parliamentarians | ACCP | variable |
Caribbean Community Administrative Tribunal | CCAT | Port of Spain | Trinidad and Tobago

### Cancelled[edit]

The following institutions have been cancelled or merged into other ones:

Institution  | Abbreviation  | Location  | Country

|
|
|

Regional Educational Programme for Animal Health Assistants  | REPAHA | New Amsterdam | Guyana
Caribbean Food Corporation  | CFC | Saint Augustine | Trinidad and Tobago
Caribbean Environmental Health Institute  | CEHI | Castries | Saint Lucia
The Caribbean Epidemiology Centre  | CAREC | Port of Spain | Trinidad and Tobago
Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute  | CFNI | Kingston | Jamaica
Caribbean Health Research Council  | CHRC | Saint Augustine | Trinidad and Tobago
Caribbean Regional Drug Testing Laboratory  | CRDTL | Georgetown | Guyana

## Symbols[edit]

### Standard[edit]

The flag of the Caribbean Community was chosen and approved in November 1983 at the Conference of Heads of Government Meeting in Port of Spain, Trinidad. The original design by the firm of WINART Studies in Georgetown, Guyana was substantially modified at the July 1983 Meeting of the Conference of Heads of Government.[35] The flag was first flown on 4 July 1984 in Nassau, The Bahamas at the fifth Meeting of the Conference of Heads of Government.[36]

The flag features a blue background, but the upper part is a light blue representing sky and the lower, a darker blue representing the Caribbean Sea. The yellow circle in the centre represents the sun on which is printed in black the logo of the Caribbean Community, two interlocking Cs. The two Cs are in the form of broken links in a chain, symbolising both unity and a break with the colonial past. The narrow ring of green around the sun represents the vegetation of the region.[35]

### Song[edit]

For CARICOM's 40th anniversary, a competition to compose an official song or anthem for CARICOM was launched in April 2013[37] to promote choosing a song that promoted unity and inspired CARICOM identity and pride. A regional panel of judges comprising independent experts in music was nominated by member states and the CARICOM Secretariat. Three rounds of competition condensed 63 entries to a final three, from which judges chose Celebrating CARICOM by Michele Henderson of Dominica[37] in March 2014.[38] Henderson won a US$10,000 prize.[39] Her song was produced by her husband, Roland Delsol Jr., and arranged by Earlson Matthew. It also featured Michael Ferrol on drums and choral input from the St. Alphonsus Choir. It was re-produced for CARICOM by Carl Beaver Henderson of Trinidad and Tobago.[38]

A second-place entry titled My CARICOM came from Jamaican Adiel Thomas[37] who won US$5,000,[39] and a third-place song titled One CARICOM by Carmella Lawrence of St. Kitts and Nevis,[37] won US$2,500.[39] The other songs from the top-ten finalists (in no particular order) were:

* One Region one Caribbean from Anguilla,
* One Caribbean Family from Jamaica,
* CARICOM’s Light from St. Vincent & the Grenadines,
* We Are CARICOM from Dominica,
* Together As one from Dominica,
* Blessed CARICOM from Jamaica,
* Together We Rise from Jamaica.[38]

The first official performance of Celebrating CARICOM by Henderson took place on Tuesday 1 July 2014 at the opening ceremony for the Thirty-Fifth Regional Meeting of the Conference of Heads of Government in Antigua and Barbuda.[37]

## Celebration[edit]

### CARICOM Day[edit]

The celebration of CARICOM Day is the selected day some Caribbean Community (CARICOM) countries officially recognise the commemorative date of signing of the Treaty of Chaguaramas, the agreement that established CARICOM on 4 July 1973. The Treaty was signed in Chaguaramas, Trinidad & Tobago by then leaders of: Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago. CARICOM Day is recognised as an official public holiday in Guyana where the secretariat is based, and is observed on the first Monday of July. The government of Antigua and Barbuda has also implemented CARICOM Day as a holiday.

The day features activities that are organised by government entities such as parades, pageants, and campaigns to educate people about CARICOM.

### Caribbean Festival of Arts – CARIFESTA[edit]

Further information: Caribbean Festival of Arts

Caribbean Festival of Arts, commonly known as CARIFESTA, is an annual festival for promoting arts of the Caribbean with a different country hosting the event each year. It was started to provide a venue to "depict the life of the people of the Region, their heroes, morals, myths, traditions, beliefs, creativity and ways of expression"[40] by fostering a sense of Caribbean unity, and motivating artists by showing the best of their home country. It began under the auspices of Guyana's then President Forbes Burnham in 1972, who was inspired by other singular arts festivals in the region.

## Statistics[edit]

See also: Trade bloc

Population and economic statistics of full and associate members  Member  | Membership  | Land area (km2)[41] | Population (2019)  | GDP (PPP) Millions USD (2017)[42] | GDP Per Capita (PPP) USD (2017)  | Human Development Index (2022)[43]

|
|
|
|
|
|

Anguilla | associate  | 91  | 15,174  | 175.4  | 12,200  | –
Antigua and Barbuda | full member  | 442.6  | 104,084  | 2,390  | 26,300  | 0.826
The Bahamas | full member  | 10,010  | 385,340  | 9,339  | 25,100  | 0.820
Barbados | full member  | 430  | 287,010  | 4,919  | 17,500  | 0.809
Belize | full member  | 22,806  | 398,050  | 3,230  | 8,300  | 0.700
Bermuda | associate  | 54  | 63,779  | 5,198  | 85,700  | –
British Virgin Islands | associate  | 151  | 32,206  | 500  | 42,300  | –
Cayman Islands | associate  | 264  | 64,420  | 2,507  | 43,800  | –
Dominica | full member  | 751  | 74,679  | 851  | 12,000  | 0.740
Grenada | full member  | 344  | 108,825  | 1,590  | 14,700  | 0.793
Guyana | full member  | 214,970  | 786,508  | 6,367  | 8,300  | 0.742
Haiti | full member  | 27,560  | 11,242,856  | 19,880  | 1,800  | 0.552
Jamaica | full member  | 10,831  | 2,728,864  | 26,200  | 9,200  | 0.706
Montserrat | full member  | 102  | 5,220  | 43.8  | 8,500  | –
Saint Kitts and Nevis | full member  | 261  | 56,345  | 1,528  | 26,800  | 0.838
Saint Lucia | full member  | 606  | 180,454  | 2,384  | 13,500  | 0.725
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | full member  | 389  | 109,803  | 1,281  | 11,600  | 0.772
Suriname | full member  | 156,000  | 573,085  | 7,928  | 13,900  | 0.690
Trinidad and Tobago | full member  | 5,128  | 1,359,193  | 42,780  | 31,200  | 0.814
Turks and Caicos Islands | associate  | 948  | 37,910  | 632  | 29,100  | –
Full members  | members only  | 432,510  | 18,400,316  | 130,711  | 15,247  | 0.751

Thousands of Caricom nationals live within other member states of the Community.

An estimated 30,000 Jamaicans legally reside in other CARICOM member states,[44] mainly in The Bahamas (6,200), Antigua & Barbuda (estimated 12,000),[45] Barbados and Trinidad & Tobago).[44] Also, an estimated 150 Jamaicans live and work in Montserrat.[45] A 21 November 2013 estimated put 16,958 Jamaicans residing illegally in Trinidad & Tobago, as according to the records of the Office of the Chief Immigration Officer, their entry certificates would have since expired.[46] By October 2014, the estimated Jamaicans residing illegally in Trinidad and Tobago was 19,000 along with an estimated 7,169 Barbadians and 25,884 Guyanese residing illegally.[47] An estimated 8,000 Trinidadians and Tobagonians live in Jamaica.[48]

Exclusive Economic Zones of the member states of the CARICOM. Considering them, the total area reaches the 2 300 297 km2.

Barbados hosts a large diaspora population of Guyanese, of whom (in 2005) 5,032 lived there permanently as citizens, permanent residents, immigrants (with immigrant status) and Caricom skilled nationals; 3,200 were residing in Barbados temporarily under work permits, as students, or with "reside and work" status. A further 2,000–3,000 Guyanese were estimated to be living illegally in Barbados at the time.[49] Migration between Barbados and Guyana has deep roots, going back over 150 years, with the most intense period of Barbadian migration to then-British Guiana occurring between 1863 and 1886, although as late as the 1920s and 1930s Barbadians were still leaving Barbados for British Guiana.[50]

Migration between Guyana and Suriname also goes back a number of years. An estimated 50,000 Guyanese had migrated to Suriname by 1986[51][52] In 1987 an estimated 30–40,000 Guyanese were in Suriname.[53] Many Guyanese left Suriname in the 1970s and 1980s, either voluntarily or by expulsion. Citing a national security concern, over 5,000 were expelled in January 1985 alone.[54] In the instability Suriname experienced following independence, both coups and civil war.[52] In 2013, an estimated 11,530 Guyanese had emigrated to Suriname and 4,662 Surinamese to Guyana.[55]

## Relationship to other supranational Caribbean organisations[edit]

Parts of this article (those related to Anguilla and other associate CARICOM members) need to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (February 2012)

|

A clickable Euler diagram showing the relationships between various Supranational Caribbean Organisations and agreements.

* v
* t
* e

A clickable Euler diagram showing the relationships between various multinational organizations in the Americasv • d • e

### Association of Caribbean States[edit]

CARICOM was instrumental in the formation of the Association of Caribbean States (ACS) on 24 July 1994. The original idea for the Association came from a recommendation of the West Indian Commission, established in 1989 by the CARICOM heads of state and government. The Commission advocated both deepening the integration process (through the CARICOM Single Market and Economy) and complementing it through a separate regional organisation encompassing all states in the Caribbean.[56]

CARICOM accepted the commission's recommendations and opened dialogue with other Caribbean states, the Central American states and the Latin American nations of Colombia, Venezuela and Mexico which border the Caribbean, for consultation on the proposals of the West Indian Commission.[56]

At an October 1993 summit, the heads of state and government of CARICOM and the presidents of the then-Group of Three (Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela) formally decided to create an association grouping all states of the Caribbean basin. A work schedule for its formation was adopted. The aim was to create the association in less than a year, an objective which was achieved with the formal creation of the ACS.[56]

### Community of Latin American and Caribbean States[edit]

CARICOM was also involved in the formation of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) on 3 December 2010. The idea for CELAC originated at the Rio Group–Caribbean Community Unity Summit on 23 February 2010 in Mexico. This act caters to the integration of the Americas process, complimenting well-established initiatives of the Organization of American States.[57][58][59][60]

### European Union: Economic Partnership Agreements[edit]

Since 2013, the CARICOM-bloc and the Dominican Republic have been tied to the European Union via an Economic Partnership Agreements known as CARIFORUM signed in 2008.[24] The treaty grants all members of the European Union and CARIFORUM equal rights in terms of trade and investment. Within the agreement under Article 234, the European Court of Justice also carries dispute resolution mechanisms between CARIFORUM and the states of the European Union.[25]

### OHADAC Project[edit]

In May 2016, Caricom's court of original jurisdiction, the CCJ, signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the ACP Legal Association based in Guadeloupe recognising and supporting the goals of implementing a harmonised business law framework in the Caribbean through ACP Legal Association's OHADAC Project.[61]

OHADAC is the acronym for the French "Organisation pour l'Harmonisation du Droit des Affaires en les Caraïbes", which translates into English as "Organisation for the Harmonisation of Business Law in the Caribbean". The OHADAC Project takes inspiration from a similar organisation in Africa and aims to enhance economic integration across the entire Caribbean and facilitate increased trade and international investment through unified laws and alternative dispute resolution methods.[61]

## Free Trade Agreements[edit]

* List of bilateral free-trade agreements#CARICOM

## See also[edit]

* Geography portal
* North America portal
* Caribbean portal

* Association of Caribbean States
* EU/UK–CARIFORUM
* CSME
* Caribbean Financial Action Task Force
* Caribbean Initiative
* Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI)
* Caribbean Accreditation Authority for Education in Medicine and other Health Professions
* Caribbean Knowledge and Learning Network
* Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
* Commonwealth of Nations
* Languages of the Caribbean
* List of regional organizations by population
* North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
* North American Union (NAU)
* Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States
* Organization of American States
* Petrocaribe
* Projects of the Caribbean Community
* Small Island Developing States
* Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
* West Indies

## References[edit]

1. ^ "Our Symbols — Caribbean Community (CARICOM)". Archived from the original on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
2. ^ a b c "Who we are". Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
3. ^ "Spanish agreed as CARICOM second language". www.landofsixpeoples.com. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
4. ^ a b "Our Culture". Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
5. ^ "The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2007.
6. ^ EU Style Structure Evident in CARICOM
7. ^ "ROTATION SCHEDULE FOR THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF THE CONFERENCE (1 JANUARY 2018 TO 30 JUNE 2025)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
8. ^ a b "CARICOM – Caribbean Community 2021". countryeconomy.com. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
9. ^ "GDP, current prices. Purchasing power parity; billions of international dollars". IMF. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021.
10. ^ List of countries by HDI
11. ^ Ramjeet, Oscar (16 April 2009). "CARICOM countries will speak with one voice in meetings with US and Canadian leaders". Caribbean Net News. Archived from the original on 13 July 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
12. ^ "Intergovernmental Organizations". United Nations. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
13. ^ "Communiqué Issued at the Conclusion of the Thirty-Third Regular Meeting of the Conference of Heads of Government of the Caribbean Community, 4–6 July 2012, Gros Islet, Saint Lucia" Archived 16 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine, "Heads of Government recognized that, although English was the official language of the Community, the facility to communicate in their languages could enhance the participation of Haiti and Suriname in the integration process. They therefore requested the conduct of a study to examine the possibilities and implications, including costs, of introducing French and Dutch."
14. ^ "CARICOM (Revised Treaty)" (PDF). (573 KB)
15. ^ "Original Treaty of Chaguaramas". Archived from the original on 11 October 2007.
16. ^ "Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2011.
17. ^ "Aristide accuses U.S. of forcing him out". Canadian Broadcast Corporation. 2 March 2004. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
18. ^ "Aristide launches kidnap lawsuit". BBC News. 31 March 2004. Archived from the original on 9 December 2011. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
19. ^ "Haiti suspends ties with CARICOM". www.trinidadandtobagonews.com. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
20. ^ "Haiti suspends ties with CARICOM". Trinidadandtobagonews.com. Archived from the original on 22 September 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
21. ^ "Haiti could return to CARICOM". The Gleaner. 10 February 2006. Archived from the original on 23 September 2010.
22. ^ "BBCCaribbean.com | Haitian results in next two days". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
23. ^ "Caricom and Haiti: The raising of the Caribbean's 'Iron Curtain'". The Gleaner. 8 October 2006. Archived from the original on 23 September 2010.
24. ^ a b Caribbean moves afoot to restructure CARIFORUM Archived 17 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Peter Richards, Tuesday 12 April 2011
25. ^ a b "Letter: Privy Council and EPA". The Gleaner. 8 October 2009. Archived from the original on 21 August 2014.
26. ^ CIA World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2017. p. 971\. ISBN 9781510712898. Archived from the original on 22 October 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
27. ^ "CARICOM-Cuba Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement". Retrieved 14 April 2024.
28. ^ Rodriguez Parrilla, Bruno Eduardo (14 June 2019). "CARICOM-Cuba: Only integration will allow us to prosper". CubaDebate.cu (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
29. ^ "Organisational structure" (PDF). CARICOM. 13 March 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 January 2010.
30. ^ a b c "Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2011.
31. ^ "Regional Portfolios of CARICOM Heads of Government". 2 May 2008. Archived from the original on 2 May 2008.
32. ^ "Overview- CARICOM Secretariat". CARICOM. 19 September 2023. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
33. ^ Caricom, Institutions Archived 4 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine
34. ^ CARICOM Regional Organisation for Standards and Quality (CROSQ)
35. ^ a b "CARICOM: Our Symbols". Archived from the original on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
36. ^ "Caribbean Community and Common Market". www.crwflags.com. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
37. ^ a b c d e "History created as new CARICOM song is launched". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
38. ^ a b c "WORD Version of CARICOM song competition Fact Sheet". 3 July 2014. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
39. ^ a b c "CARICOM Song Competition: Terms of Reference" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
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41. ^ "Land area rankings". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
42. ^ "Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) valuation of country GDP Archived 2015-02-09 at the Wayback Machine" (2013). World Economic Outlook Database 2014. International Monetary Fund. .
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44. ^ a b "30,000 Jamaicans residing in other CARICOM member states". Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
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53. ^ "Guyanese vital in Suriname". guyana-cricket.com. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020.
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60. ^ "Rio Group approves its expansion at Unity Summit". Archived from the original on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
61. ^ a b "CCJ signs MOU on harmonising business law in Caribbean". today.caricom.org. 20 May 2016. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.

## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Caribbean Community.

* Official website
* Official Blog Archived 30 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine CARICOM Today
* CARICOM Representation Office in Haiti (CROH)
* CARICOM Statistics: Statistical information compiled through the CARICOM Secretariat
* Radio CARICOM: the voice of the Caribbean Community (Press Release)
* Caricom Law: Website and online database of the CARICOM Legislative Drafting Facility (CLDF)
* Caricom Trade Support Programme: Government of Trinidad and Tobago
* CARICOM Trade Support Programme Loan Archived 29 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine
* Rapid Exchange System for Dangerous Non-food Consumer Goods (CARREX): Front end for Consumer Product Incident Reporting [permanent dead link]
* How viable is a single Caribbean currency? Part II
* How viable is a single Caribbean currency? Part III
* The Dominican Republic in Caricom? Yes, we can Archived 1 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine
* Bureau recommends re-examination of Dominican Republic's proposed membership in CARICOM Archived 1 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine
* Guyana Journal (2007–07): Advancing Integration Between Caricom and Central America
* EDITORIAL: We may just have to dump CARICOM, 4 July 2010, Jamaica Gleaner
* Commentary: Gleaner newspaper suggests disbanding CARICOM Archived 1 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine, 5 July 2010, Caribbean Net News
* Does Caricom have a future? , 6 July 2010, BBC.co.uk
* That elusive governance structure, 7 July 2010, BBC.co.uk

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Caribbean Community (CARICOM)

Secretariat (Secretary-General)

History|

* West Indies Federation
* Caribbean Free Trade Association
* Treaty of Chaguaramas
* Single Market and Economy (CSME)

* Caribbean portal

Members|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Bahamas1
* Barbados
* Belize
* Dominica
* Grenada
* Guyana
* Haiti1
* Jamaica
* Montserrat2
* St. Kitts and Nevis
* St. Lucia
* St. Vincent and the Grenadines
* Suriname
* Trinidad and Tobago

Associate members|

* Anguilla
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* Turks and Caicos Islands

Observers|

* Aruba
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* Dominican Republic
* Mexico
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* Venezuela

Institutions|

* Common Fund for Commodities (CFC)
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* Disaster Emergency Management (CDEMA)
* Examinations Council (CXC)
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* Public Health Agency (CARPHA)
* Single Market and Economy (CSME)

Related organizations|

* CARIFORUM
* Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)

* 1 Member of the Community but not of the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME)
* 2 British overseas territory awaiting entrustment to join the CSME

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* Lucas Alamán
* Inter-American Commission of Women
* United States involvement in regime change in Latin America

Organizations|

* Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO)
* Andean Community (CAN)
* Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
* Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA)
* Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
* Central American Integration System (SICA)
* Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)
* Contadora group
* Contadora support group
* Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America (PROSUR)
* Latin American Economic System (SELA)
* Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)
* Lima Group (LG)
* Mercosur
* Organization of American States (OAS)
* Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
* Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI)
* Pacific Alliance
* Petrocaribe
* Rio Group
* Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
* United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, CEPAL)
* United States Pirate Party (USPP)

Projects|

* Andean passport
* CARICOM passport
* CARICOM Single Market and Economy
* CARIPASS
* Central America-4 Border Control Agreement
* Central America-4 passport
* Eastern Caribbean Currency Union
* Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA)
* Interoceanic Highway
* SUCRE

Institutions|

* Andean Parliament
* Bank of the South
* Caribbean Court of Justice
* Caribbean Development Bank
* Central American Parliament
* Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF)
* Inter-American Development Bank
* Latin American Parliament
* Mercosur Parliament
* South American Parliament

Free trade areas|

* Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA)
* CARIFORUM
* Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)
* Economic Partnership Agreements
* Free Trade Area of the Americas
* G3 Free Trade Agreement
* United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA)

Events|

* Pan American Games
* Pan-American Congress

* v
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Power in international relations

| Types|

* Climate
* Economic
* Energy
* Food
* Hard
* Maritime
* National
* Politics
* Realpolitik
* Sharp
* Smart
* Soft

|

Status|

* Small
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* Super

Geopolitics|

* American (Pax)
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History|

* List of ancient great powers
* List of medieval great powers
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* International relations (1814–1919)

Theory|

* American decline
* Balance of power
* European
* Deterrence theory
* Hegemonic stability theory
* multilateralism
* internationalism
* Philosophy of power
* Polarity
* Power projection
* Power transition theory
* Second Superpower
* Sphere of influence
* Superpower collapse
* Superpower disengagement

Studies|

* Composite Index of National Capability
* Comprehensive National Power

Organizations and groups by region

| Africa|

* African Union
* Union for the Mediterranean

|

Africa–Asia|

* Arab League
* Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)
* Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)

Americas|

* Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
* Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
* Central American Integration System (SICA)
* Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)
* Mercosur
* North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
* Organization of American States (OAS)
* Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)

Asia|

* Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD)
* Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
* Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
* Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)
* Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA)
* Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
* South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
* Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
* Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat (TCS)

Europe|

* Council of Europe (CoE)
* European Political Community (EPC)
* European Union (EU)
* Nordic Council
* Visegrád Group (V4)

Eurasia|

* Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
* Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)
* Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
* Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU)
* Organization of Turkic States

North America–Europe|

* Arctic Council
* North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Africa–Asia–Europe|

* Union for the Mediterranean

Africa–South America|

* South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone

Oceania–Pacific|

* Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
* Australia–New Zealand–United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)
* Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG)
* Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)
* Polynesian Leaders Group (PLG)

Non–regional|

* Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)
* Commonwealth of Nations
* Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries
* E9
* G4
* G7
* G8
* G8+5
* G20
* G24
* G77
* India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA)
* Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
* Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
* Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF)
* Uniting for Consensus

Global|

* United Nations (UN)

* v
* t
* e

International trade

Terminology|

* Absolute advantage
* Balance of payments
* Balance of trade
* Capital account
* Comparative advantage
* Current account
* Export-oriented industrialization
* Fair trade
* Foreign exchange reserves
* Globalization
* Import substitution industrialization
* Net capital outflow
* Outsourcing
* Tariff
* Trade justice
* Trade war
* Trading nation

Organizations
and policies

* International Monetary Fund
* UN Conference on Trade and Development
* World Bank Group
* World Trade Organization
* International Trade Centre
* International Chamber of Commerce
* Bilateral investment treaty
* Economic integration
* Incoterms
* ATA Carnet
* Free-trade zone
* Special economic zone
* Trade agreement
* Trade barrier
* Trade bloc

Political economy|

* Free trade (Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, Repeal of the Corn Laws)
* Mercantilism
* Protectionism (Economic nationalism, Autarky)
* Dedollarisation

Regional organizations|

| Americas|

* Andean Community of Nations
* Caribbean Community
* Central American Integration System
* Mercosur

|

Asia-Pacific|

* Association of Southeast Asian Nations
* Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
* South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

Europe, Central Asia, and North Asia|

* Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia
* Eurasian Economic Union
* European Union Customs Union

Middle East and North Africa|

* Arab Customs Union
* Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf

Subsaharan Africa|

* East African Community
* Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa
* Southern African Customs Union
* West African Economic and Monetary Union

Exports by product|

* Aircraft & Spacecraft
* Aircraft parts
* Aluminium
* Car parts
* Coal
* Coffee
* Computers
* Copper
* Corn
* Cotton
* Diamonds
* Electricity
* Electronics
* Engines
* Gas turbines
* Gold
* Integrated circuits
* Iron ore
* Live animals
* Natural gas
* Oil
* Petrol
* Pharmaceuticals
* Ships
* Steel
* Telecommunications equipment
* Telephones
* Trucks
* Vehicles
* Wheat
* Wine

* Category
* Commons

* v
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* e

Regional organizations

Bodies|

* African Union
* Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization
* Arab League
* Arctic Council
* Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
* Asia Cooperation Dialogue
* Asia Council
* Asia-Europe Foundation
* Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
* Assembly of European Regions
* Association of Caribbean States
* AUKUS
* Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation
* Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America – Peoples' Trade Treaty
* British–Irish Council
* Bucharest Nine
* Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
* Central American Integration System
* Central European Free Trade Agreement
* Collective Security Treaty Organization
* Commonwealth of Independent States
* Commonwealth of Nations
* Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations
* Community of Democratic Choice
* Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
* Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
* Council of the Baltic Sea States
* Council of Europe
* Craiova Group
* East African Community
* Economic Community of West African States
* Economic Cooperation Organization
* Eurasian Economic Union
* European Political Community
* European Union
* Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America
* GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development
* Gulf Cooperation Council
* Indian Ocean Rim Association
* Liptako–Gourma Authority
* Latin American Integration Association
* Latin American Parliament
* Lublin Triangle
* Melanesian Spearhead Group
* Mercosur
* Nordic Council
* North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
* Open Balkan
* Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
* Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
* Organization of American States
* Organization of Ibero-American States
* Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation
* Pacific Alliance
* Pacific Islands Forum
* Paneuropean Union
* Polynesian Leaders Group
* Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
* Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
* South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
* South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone
* Southern African Development Community
* TAKM
* Three Seas Initiative
* Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat
* Organization of Turkic States
* Union of South American Nations
* Visegrád Group
* West Nordic Council
* Western Balkans Quad

Topics|

* Regional integration
* Regional organizations by population
* Regionalism (international relations)

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* Norway
* France
* BnF data
* Catalonia
* Germany
* Israel
* United States
* Australia
* Poland

Academics|

* CiNii

Other|

* IdRef

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