Chrysophyllum

Genus of flowering plants

Chrysophyllum

Chrysophyllum oliviforme
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Plantae
Clade:  | Tracheophytes
Clade:  | Angiosperms
Clade:  | Eudicots
Clade:  | Asterids
Order:  | Ericales
Family:  | Sapotaceae
Subfamily:  | Chrysophylloideae
Genus:  | Chrysophyllum
L.[1]
Synonyms[1]

* Achrouteria Eyma
* Austrogambeya Aubrév. & Pellegr.
* Cainito Adans.
* Chloroluma Baill.
* Cornuella Pierre
* Cynodendron Baehni
* Dactimala Raf.
* Donella Pierre ex Baill.
* Fibocentrum Pierre ex Glaz., nom. inval.
* Gambeya Pierre
* Gambeyobotrys Aubrév.
* Guersentia Raf.
* Martiusella Pierre
* Nycterisition Ruiz & Pav.
* Nycteristion Ruiz & Pav.
* Prieurella Pierre
* Ragala Pierre
* Villocuspis (A.DC.) Aubrév. & Pellegr.

Chrysophyllum is a group of trees in the Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753.[2][3]

The genus is native to tropical regions throughout the world, with the greatest number of species in northern South America. One species, C. oliviforme, extends north to southern Florida.[4][5]

## Description[edit]

Chrysophyllum members are usually tropical trees, often growing rapidly to 10–20 m or more in height. The leaves are oval, 3–15 cm long, green above, densely golden pubescent below, from which the genus is named.[6] The flowers are small (3–8 mm), purplish white and have a sweet fragrant smell; they are clustered several together, and are hermaphroditic (self fertile). The fruit is edible; round, usually purple skinned (sometimes greenish-white), often green around the calyx, with a star pattern in the pulp; the flattened seeds are light brown and hard. The fruit skin is chewy like gum, and contrary to some reports, is edible.[citation needed][7][8]

## Species[edit]

Currently accepted species include:[4]

1. Chrysophyllum acreanum \- Brazil (Acre, Amazonas)
2. Chrysophyllum africanum \- W + C Africa
3. Chrysophyllum akusae \- Ivory Coast
4. Chrysophyllum albidum \- W + C Africa
5. Chrysophyllum albipilum \- Peru (San Martín)
6. Chrysophyllum amazonicum \- Amazon Basin
7. Chrysophyllum arenarium \- E Brazil
8. Chrysophyllum argenteum \- West Indies, Central America, N South America
9. Chrysophyllum asraoi \- Maharashtra
10. Chrysophyllum aulacocarpum \- Miranda
11. Chrysophyllum bicolor \- Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
12. Chrysophyllum bombycinum \- Loreto, Amazonas
13. Chrysophyllum brenesii \- Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
14. Chrysophyllum brevicaule – New Guinea
15. Chrysophyllum cainito \- Belize, Jamaica, Cayman Is
16. Chrysophyllum calophyllum \- Príncipe
17. Chrysophyllum colombianum \- Central America, NW South America
18. Chrysophyllum contumacense \- Peru
19. Chrysophyllum cuneifolium \- N South America
20. Chrysophyllum dubardii
21. Chrysophyllum durifructum \- Amazonas
22. Chrysophyllum emarginatum
23. Chrysophyllum engleri
24. Chrysophyllum euryphyllum \- Colombia
25. Chrysophyllum eximium \- Suriname, N. Brazil
26. Chrysophyllum flexuosum \- Brazil
27. Chrysophyllum gollmerianum
28. Chrysophyllum gonocarpum \- Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, Paraguay, N Argentina
29. Chrysophyllum hirsutum \- Panama, Costa Rica
30. Chrysophyllum imperiale \- E Brazil
31. Chrysophyllum inornatum \- S Brazil
32. Chrysophyllum januariense \- Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro
33. Chrysophyllum karstenii
34. Chrysophyllum lanatum \- Colombia
35. Chrysophyllum longipes – Democratic Republic of the Congo
36. Chrysophyllum lucentifolium \- Panama, Costa Rica, South America
37. Chrysophyllum macoucou – French Guiana
38. Chrysophyllum manabiense \- Ecuador
39. Chrysophyllum manaosense \- N South America
40. Chrysophyllum manglillo
41. Chrysophyllum marginatum \- South America
42. Chrysophyllum mexicanum \- Mexico, Central America
43. Chrysophyllum michino
44. Chrysophyllum millerianum
45. Chrysophyllum novoguineense \- New Guinea
46. Chrysophyllum ogowense \- Gabon
47. Chrysophyllum oliviforme \- Florida, West Indies
48. Chrysophyllum ovale \- Peru, Bolivia, Acre
49. Chrysophyllum panariense
50. Chrysophyllum papuanicum \- Papua New Guinea
51. Chrysophyllum paranaense \- São Paulo, Paraná
52. Chrysophyllum parvulum \- Colombia, Venezuela
53. Chrysophyllum pauciflorum \- Puerto Rico to Virgin Islands
54. Chrysophyllum perpulchrum \- W + C Africa
55. Chrysophyllum peruvianum
56. Chrysophyllum pomiferum \- tropical South America
57. Chrysophyllum prieurii \- Panama, tropical South America
58. Chrysophyllum pyriforme
59. Chrysophyllum reitzianum – Santa Catarina
60. Chrysophyllum revolutum \- Peru
61. Chrysophyllum revolutus
62. Chrysophyllum roxburghii \- SE Asia, New Guinea, Australia, S China, India, Madagascar
63. Chrysophyllum rufum \- E Brazil
64. Chrysophyllum sanguinolentum \- tropical South America
65. Chrysophyllum sapini \- Zaïre
66. Chrysophyllum scalare \- Peru, Venezuela
67. Chrysophyllum sparsiflorum \- Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Bolivia
68. Chrysophyllum splendens \- E Brazil
69. Chrysophyllum striatum \- Panama
70. Chrysophyllum subnudum \- tropical Africa
71. Chrysophyllum subspinosum \- Bahia
72. Chrysophyllum superbum \- Amazonas
73. Chrysophyllum torulosum – New Guinea
74. Chrysophyllum ucuquirana-branca \- S Venezuela, N Brazil
75. Chrysophyllum venezuelanense \- tropical South America, Central America, Mexico
76. Chrysophyllum villocuspis
77. Chrysophyllum viride \- Brazil
78. Chrysophyllum welwitschii \- tropical Africa
79. Chrysophyllum wilsonii \- Amazonas
80. Chrysophyllum zimmermannii \- Tanzania

Formerly included[5]

* Donella ambrensis Aubrév. (as C. ambrense (Aubrév.) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
* Donella analalavensis Aubrév. (as C. analalavense (Aubrév.) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
* Donella bangweolensis (R.E.Fr. & Pellegr.) Mackinder (as C. bangweolense R.E.Fr. & Pellegr.)
* Donella capuronii (G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.) Mackinder & L.Gaut. (as C. capuronii G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
* Donella delphinensis Aubrév. (as C. delphinense (Aubrév.) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
* Donella fenerivensis Aubrév. (as C. fenerivense (Aubrév.) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
* Donella guereliana (Aubrév.) Mackinder (as C guerelianum (Aubrév.) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
* Donella masoalensis Aubrév. (as C. masoalense (Aubrév.) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
* Donella perrieri Lecomte (as C. perrieri (Lecomte) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
* Donella pruniformis (Engl.) Pierre ex Engl. (as C. pruniforme Engl.)
* Donella viridifolia (J.M.Wood & Franks) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as C. viridifolium J.M.Wood & Franks)
* Donella ubangiensis (De Wild.) Aubrév. (as C. ubangiense (De Wild.) Govaerts)
* Englerophytum longepedicellatum (De Wild.) L.Gaut. (as C. longifolium De Wild.)
* Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn. (as C. magalismontanum Sond.)
* Englerophytum oblanceolatum (S.Moore) T.D.Penn. (as C. tessmannii Engl. & K.Krause)
* Gambeya azaguieana (J.Miège) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as C. azaguieanum J.Miège)
* Gambeya beguei (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as C. beguei (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) Aubrév. & Pellegr.)
* Gambeya boiviniana Pierre (as C. boivinianum (Pierre) Baehni)
* Gambeya boukokoensis Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as C. boukokoense (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) L.Gaut.)
* Gambeya gigantea (A.Chev.) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as C. giganteum A.Chev.)
* Gambeya gorungosana (Engl.) Liben (as C. gorungosanum Engl.)
* Gambeya lacourtiana (De Wild.) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as C. lacourtianum De Wild.)
* Gambeya lungi (De Wild.) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as C. lungi De Wild.)
* Gambeya muerensis (Engl.) Liben (as C. muerense Engl.)
* Gambeya taiensis (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as C. taiense Aubrév. & Pellegr.)
* Jacquinia arborea Vahl (as C. barbasco Loefl.)
* Micropholis rugosa (Sw.) Pierre (as C. rugosum Sw.)
* Palaquium philippense (Perr.) C.B.Rob. (as C. philippense Perr.)
* Pouteria alnifolia (Baker) Roberty (as C. alnifolium Baker)
* Pouteria gardneri (Mart. & Miq.) Baehni (as C. gardneri Mart. & Miq.)
* Pouteria macrophylla (Lam.) Eyma (as C. macrophyllum Lam.)
* Pouteria reticulata (Engl.) Eyma (as C. reticulatum Engl.)
* Pradosia brevipes (Pierre) T.D.Penn. (as C. soboliferum Rizzini)
* Pradosia lactescens (Vell.) Radlk. (as C. burahem Riedel)

## References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chrysophyllum.

Wikispecies has information related to Chrysophyllum.

1. ^ a b "Genus: Chrysophyllum L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2009-03-31. Archived from the original on 2009-01-14. Retrieved 2010-12-09.
2. ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 192 in Latin
3. ^ Tropicos, Chrysophyllum L.
4. ^ a b Chrysophyllum L. World Flora Online. Accessed 3 December 2022.
5. ^ a b Chrysophyllum L. Plants of the World Online, Kew Science. Accessed 3 December 2022.
6. ^ The generic name is derived from the Greek words χρυσός (chrysos), meaning "gold," and φυλλον (phyllos), meaning "leaf." See Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. Vol. I A-C. CRC Press. p. 534\. ISBN 978-0-8493-2675-2.
7. ^ Flora of North America Vol. 8 Page 245 Cainito Chrysophyllum Linnaeus
8. ^ Flora of China, Vol. 15 Page 208 金叶树属 jin ye shu shu Chrysophyllum Linnaeus

Taxon identifiers|

* Wikidata: Q2105812
* Wikispecies: Chrysophyllum
* APDB: 189462
* APNI: 68377
* CoL: 8VW8L
* EoL: 66462
* EPPO: 1CSFG
* FNA: 107005
* FoC: 107005
* GBIF: 2885576
* GRIN: 2576
* iNaturalist: 48878
* IPNI: 325770-2
* IRMNG: 1291561
* ITIS: 23810
* NCBI: 13424
* NZOR: df0d85fc-fca1-45f8-be88-f033a5e91894
* Open Tree of Life: 692367
* PLANTS: CHRYS5
* POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325770-2
* Tropicos: 40008631
* WFO: wfo-4000008232

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