Cocoseae

Tribe of palms

Cocoseae

Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Plantae
Clade:  | Tracheophytes
Clade:  | Angiosperms
Clade:  | Monocots
Clade:  | Commelinids
Order:  | Arecales
Family:  | Arecaceae
Subfamily:  | Arecoideae
Tribe:  | Cocoseae
Mart. ex Dumort.
Genera

See text

Cocoseae is a tribe of cocosoid palms of the family Arecaceae.[1][2]

## Description[edit]

The fruit of the Cocoseae is a modified drupe, with a sclerenchymatous epicarp and a highly developed mesocarp, formed mainly by parenchyma . The endocarp is generally sclerenchymatous and protects the seeds from predation and drying. The most obvious synapomorphy of the species of this tribe is the presence, in the endocarp, of three or more "eyes" or pores of germination.[3]

## Distribution[edit]

The Cocoseae are distributed mainly in the Neotropical regions, with two genera endemic to Africa (Jubaeopsis and Elaeis) and Madagascar ( Beccariophoenix and Voanioala ), respectively.

## Systematics[edit]

The Cocoseae in the sense of Dransfield et al. (2008) are identified as natural relatives (Monophylum) in most studies. Their systematic position within the Arecoideae is still unclear. Different studies see them as a sister group of the Reinhardtieae, as a sister group of the group from Reinhardtieae and Roystoneeae, or as a sister group of the Oranieae.

The Tribe is divided into three sub-tribes. All three are monophyletic. Bactridinae and Elaeidinae are sister groups

### Genera[edit]

Subtribe | Image | Genus | Extant species

|
|
|

Beccariophoenicinae J.Dransf. & Uhl |  | Beccariophoenix Jum. & H.Perrier |

* Beccariophoenix alfredii Rakotoarin., Ranariv. & J.Dransf. (High plateau coconut palm)
* Beccariophoenix madagascariensis Jum. & H.Perrier (Coastal beccariophoenix)
* Beccariophoenix fenestralis J. Dransfield & M. Rakotoarinivo (Giant windowpane palm)

Butiinae Saakov |  | Allagoptera Nees |

* Allagoptera arenaria (Gomes [pt]) Kuntze (1891)
* Allagoptera brevicalyx M.Moraes (1993)
* Allagoptera campestris (Mart.) Kuntze (1891)
* Allagoptera caudescens (Mart.) Kuntze (1891)(Buri palm)
* Allagoptera leucocalyx (Drude) Kuntze (1891)

| Butia (Becc.) Becc (Jelly palms) |

* Butia archeri (Glassman) Glassman
* Butia arenicola (Barb.Rodr.) Burret
* Butia campicola (Barb.Rodr.) Noblick
* Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc.
* Butia catarinensis Noblick & Lorenzi
* Butia eriospatha (Mart. ex Drude) Becc. (Woolly butia palm)
* Butia exilata Deble & Marchiori
* Butia exospadix Noblick
* Butia lallemantii Deble & Marchiori
* Butia lepidotispatha Noblick
* Butia leptospatha (Burret) Noblick
* Butia marmorii Noblick
* Butia matogrossensis Noblick & Lorenzi
* Butia microspadix Burret
* Butia odorata (Barb.Rodr.) Noblick (South American jelly palm)
* Butia paraguayensis (Barb.Rodr.) L.H.Bailey (Dwarf yatay palm)
* Butia pubispatha Noblick & Lorenzi
* Butia purpurascens Glassman
* Butia witeckii K.Soares & S. Longhi
* Butia yatay (Mart.) Becc.

| Jubaea Kunth |

* Jubaea chilensis (Molina) Baill. (Chilean wine palm)

| Jubaeopsis Becc. |

* Jubaeopsis caffra Becc. (Pondoland palm)

| Cocos L. |

* Cocos nucifera L. (Coconut)

| Syagrus Mart. |

56 species:

* Syagrus allagopteroides Noblick & Lorenzi
* Syagrus amara (Jacq.) Mart. (Overtop palm)
* Syagrus angustifolia Noblick & Lorenzi
* Syagrus botryophora (Mart.) Mart.
* Syagrus caerulescens Noblick & Lorenzi
* Syagrus campestris (Mart.) Bomhard
* Syagrus campylospatha (Barb.Rodr.) Becc.
* Syagrus cardenasii Glassman
* Syagrus cearensis Noblick
* Syagrus cerqueirana Noblick & Lorenzi
* Syagrus cocoides Mart.
* Syagrus comosa (Mart.) Mart.
* Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc. (Licuri palm)
* Syagrus deflexa Noblick & Lorenzi
* Syagrus duartei Glassman
* Syagrus evansiana Noblick
* Syagrus flexuosa (Mart.) Becc.
* Syagrus glaucescens Glaz. ex Becc.
* Syagrus glazioviana (Dammer) Becc.
* Syagrus gouveiana Noblick & Lorenzi
* Syagrus graminifolia (Drude) Becc.
* Syagrus harleyi Glassman
* Syagrus inajai (Spruce) Becc.
* Syagrus itacambirana Noblick & Lorenzi
* Syagrus kellyana Noblick & Lorenzi
* Syagrus lilliputiana (Barb.Rodr.) Becc.
* Syagrus loefgrenii Glassman
* Syagrus lorenzoniorum Noblick & Lorenzi
* Syagrus macrocarpa Barb.Rodr.
* Syagrus mendanhensis Glassman
* Syagrus microphylla Burret
* Syagrus minor Noblick & Lorenzi
* Syagrus oleracea (Mart.) Becc.
* Syagrus orinocensis (Spruce) Burret
* Syagrus petraea (Mart.) Becc.
* Syagrus picrophylla Barb.Rodr.
* Syagrus pimentae Noblick
* Syagrus pleioclada Burret
* Syagrus pleiocladoides Noblick & Lorenzi
* Syagrus pompeoi K. Soares & R. Pimenta
* Syagrus procumbens Noblick & Lorenzi
* Syagrus pseudococos (Raddi) Glassman
* Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman (Queen palm)
* Syagrus rupicola Noblick & Lorenzi
* Syagrus ruschiana (Bondar) Glassman
* Syagrus sancona (Kunth) H. Karst.
* Syagrus santosii K. Soares & C.A. Guim.
* Syagrus schizophylla (Mart.) Glassman (Arikury palm)
* Syagrus smithii (H.E.Moore) Glassman
* Syagrus stenopetala Burret
* Syagrus stratincola Wess.Boer
* Syagrus vagans (Bondar) A.D. Hawkes
* Syagrus vermicularis Noblick
* Syagrus weddelliana (H. Wendl.) Becc.
* Syagrus werdermannii Burret
* Syagrus yungasensis M. Moraes

| Lytocaryum Toledo |

* Lytocaryum hoehnei (Burret) Toledo
* Lytocaryum insigne (Rob.) Toledo
* Lytocaryum itapebiense Noblick & Lorenzi
* Lytocaryum weddellianum (H.Wendl.) Toledo

| Parajubaea Burret |

* Parajubaea cocoides Burret
* Parajubaea sunkha M.Moraes
* Parajubaea torallyi (Mart.) Burret

| Voanioala J. Dransf. |

* Voanioala gerardii J. Dransf. (Forest coconut)

Attaleinae Drude |  | Attalea Kunth |

* List of Attalea species

Elaeidinae Hook.f. |  | Barcella (Trail) Trail ex Drude |

* Barcella odora(Trail) Drude

| Elaeis Jacq. |

* Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (African oil palm)
* Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés (American oil palm)

Bactridinae Drude |  | Acrocomia Mart. |

* Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex R.Keith
* Acrocomia crispa (Kunth) C. Baker ex. Becc.
* Acrocomia emensis (Toledo) Lorenzi
* Acrocomia glaucescens Lorenzi
* Acrocomia hassleri (Barb.Rodr.) W.J.Hahn
* Acrocomia intumescens Drude
* Acrocomia media O.F.Cook
* Acrocomia totai Mart.[4]

| Aiphanes Willd. |

29 species:

* Aiphanes acanthophylla (Mart.) Burret
* Aiphanes acaulis Galeano & R.Bernal
* Aiphanes bicornis Cerón & R.Bernal
* Aiphanes buenaventurae R.Bernal & Borchs.
* Aiphanes chiribogensis Borchs. & Balslev
* Aiphanes deltoidea Burret
* Aiphanes duquei Burret
* Aiphanes eggersii Burret
* Aiphanes erinacea (H.Karst.) H.Wendl.
* Aiphanes gelatinosa H.E.Moore
* Aiphanes graminifolia Galeano & R.Bernal
* Aiphanes grandis Borchs. & Balslev
* Aiphanes hirsuta Burret
* Aiphanes horrida (Jacq.) Burret
* Aiphanes leiostachys Burret
* Aiphanes lindeniana (H.Wendl.) H.Wendl.
* Aiphanes linearis Burret
* Aiphanes macroloba Burret
* Aiphanes minima (Gaertn.) Burret
* Aiphanes multiplex R.Bernal & Borchs.
* Aiphanes parvifolia Burret
* Aiphanes pilaris R.Bernal
* Aiphanes simplex Burret
* Aiphanes spicata Borchs. & R.Bernal
* Aiphanes stergiosii S.M.Niño
* Aiphanes tricuspidata Borchs., M.Ruíz & Bernal
* Aiphanes ulei (Dammer) Burret
* Aiphanes verrucosa Borchs. & Balslev
* Aiphanes weberbaueri Burret

| Astrocaryum G.Mey. |

36 species:

* Astrocaryum acaule Mart.
* Astrocaryum aculeatissimum (Schott) Burret
* Astrocaryum aculeatum G.Mey.
* Astrocaryum alatum Loomis
* Astrocaryum campestre Mart.
* Astrocaryum carnosum F.Kahn & B.Millán
* Astrocaryum chambira Burret
* Astrocaryum chonta Mart.
* Astrocaryum ciliatum F.Kahn & B.Millán
* Astrocaryum confertum H.Wendl. ex Burret
* Astrocaryum faranae F.Kahn & E.Ferreira
* Astrocaryum farinosum Barb.Rodr.
* Astrocaryum ferrugineum F.Kahn & B.Millán
* Astrocaryum giganteum Barb.Rodr.
* Astrocaryum gratum F.Kahn & B.Millán
* Astrocaryum gynacanthum Mart.
* Astrocaryum huaimi Mart.
* Astrocaryum huicungo Dammer ex Burret
* Astrocaryum jauari Mart.
* Astrocaryum javarense (Trail) Drude
* Astrocaryum macrocalyx Burret
* Astrocaryum malybo H.Karst.
* Astrocaryum mexicanum Liebm. ex Mart.
* Astrocaryum minus Trail
* Astrocaryum murumuru Mart.
* Astrocaryum paramaca Mart.
* Astrocaryum perangustatum F.Kahn & B.Millán
* Astrocaryum rodriguesii Trail
* Astrocaryum sciophilum (Miq.) Pulle
* Astrocaryum scopatum F.Kahn & B.Millán
* Astrocaryum sociale Barb.Rodr.
* Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey
* Astrocaryum triandrum Galeano-Garces, R.Bernal & F.Kahn
* Astrocaryum ulei Burret
* Astrocaryum urostachys Burret
* Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.

| Atitara (Trail) Trail ex Drude |

* Atitara aculeata
* Atitara americana
* Atitara polyphylla

| Bactris Jacq. ex Scop. |

78 species:

* Bactris acanthocarpa Mart.
* Bactris acanthocarpoides Barb.Rodr.
* Bactris ana-juliae Cascante
* Bactris aubletiana Trail
* Bactris baculifera Karw. ex Mart.
* Bactris bahiensis Noblick ex A.J.Hend.
* Bactris balanophora Spruce
* Bactris barronis L.H.Bailey
* Bactris bidentula Spruce
* Bactris bifida Mart.
* Bactris brongniartii Mart.
* Bactris campestris Poepp.
* Bactris caryotifolia Mart.
* Bactris caudata H.Wendl. ex Burret
* Bactris charnleyae de Nevers, A.J.Hend. & Grayum
* Bactris chaveziae A.J.Hend.
* Bactris coloniata L.H.Bailey
* Bactris coloradonis L.H.Bailey
* Bactris concinna Mart.
* Bactris constanciae Barb.Rodr.
* Bactris corossilla H.Karst.
* Bactris cubensis Burret
* Bactris cuspidata Mart.
* Bactris dianeura Burret
* Bactris elegans Barb.Rodr. & Trail
* Bactris faucium Mart.
* Bactris ferruginea Burret
* Bactris fissifrons Mart.
* Bactris gasipaes Kunth
* Bactris gastoniana Barb.Rodr.
* Bactris glandulosa Oerst.
* Bactris glassmanii Med.-Costa & Noblick ex A.J.Hend.
* Bactris glaucescens Drude
* Bactris gracilior Burret
* Bactris grayumii de Nevers & A.J.Hend.
* Bactris guineensis (L.) H.E.Moore
* Bactris halmoorei A.J.Hend.
* Bactris hatschbachii Noblick ex A.J.Hend.
* Bactris herrerana Cascante
* Bactris hirta Mart.
* Bactris hondurensis Standl.
* Bactris horridispatha Noblick ex A.J.Hend.
* Bactris jamaicana L.H.Bailey
* Bactris killipii Burret
* Bactris kunorum de Nevers & Grayum
* Bactris longiseta H.Wendl. ex Burret
* Bactris macroacantha Mart.
* Bactris major Jacq.
* Bactris maraja Mart.
* Bactris martiana A.J.Hend.
* Bactris mexicana Mart.
* Bactris militaris H.E.Moore
* Bactris nancibaensis Granv.
* Bactris oligocarpa Barb.Rodr.
* Bactris oligoclada Burret
* Bactris panamensis de Nevers & Grayum
* Bactris pickelii Burret
* Bactris pilosa H.Karst.
* Bactris pliniana Granv. & A.J.Hend.
* Bactris plumeriana Mart.
* Bactris polystachya Grayum
* Bactris ptariana Steyerm.
* Bactris rhaphidacantha Wess.Boer
* Bactris riparia Mart.
* Bactris rostrata Galeano & R.Bernal
* Bactris schultesii (L.H.Bailey) Glassman
* Bactris setiflora Burret
* Bactris setosa Mart.
* Bactris setulosa H.Karst.
* Bactris simplicifrons Mart.
* Bactris soeiroana Noblick ex A.J.Hend.
* Bactris sphaerocarpa Trail
* Bactris syagroides Barb.Rodr. & Trail
* Bactris tefensis A.J.Hend.
* Bactris timbuiensis H.Q.B.Fern.
* Bactris tomentosa Mart.
* Bactris turbinocarpa Barb.Rodr.
* Bactris vulgaris Barb.Rodr.

| Desmoncus (Trail) Trail ex Drude |

24 species:

* Desmoncus chinantlensis Liebm. ex Mart.
* Desmoncus cirrhifer A.H.Gentry & Zardini
* Desmoncus costaricensis (Kuntze) Burret
* Desmoncus giganteus A.J.Hend.
* Desmoncus horridus Splitg. ex Mart.
* Desmoncus interjectus A.J.Hend.
* Desmoncus kunarius de Nevers ex A.J.Hend.
* Desmoncus latisectus Burret
* Desmoncus leptoclonos Drude
* Desmoncus loretanus A.J.Hend.
* Desmoncus madrensis A.J.Hend.
* Desmoncus mitis Mart.
* Desmoncus moorei A.J.Hend.
* Desmoncus myriacanthos Dugand.
* Desmoncus obovoideus A.J.Hend.
* Desmoncus orthacanthos Mart.
* Desmoncus osensis A.J.Hend.
* Desmoncus parvulus L.H.Bailey
* Desmoncus polyacanthos Mart.
* Desmoncus prunifer Poepp. ex Mart.
* Desmoncus pumilus Trail.
* Desmoncus setosus Mart.
* Desmoncus stans Grayum & Nevers
* Desmoncus vacivus L.H.Bailey

## References[edit]

1. ^ Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 182 (2): 207–233. doi:10.1111/boj.12401.
2. ^ Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2008). Genera Palmarum: The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2.
3. ^ Gunn BF (Feb 2004). "The Phylogeny of the Cocoeae (Arecaceae) with Emphasis on Cocos nucifera". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 91 (3): 505–522. ISSN 0026-6493.
4. ^ Canteiro, C. (2021). "Acrocomia totai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T111452251A161420865. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T111452251A161420865.en. Retrieved 27 October 2022.

## External links[edit]

* Media related to Cocoseae at Wikimedia Commons
* Data related to Cocoseae at Wikispecies

* v
* t
* e

Arecaceae genera

Baker & Dransfield (2016) taxonomy

Calamoideae|

| Eugeissoneae|

* Eugeissona

|

Lepidocaryeae|

* Oncocalamus
* Eremospatha
* Laccosperma
* Raphia
* Lepidocaryum
* Mauritia
* Mauritiella

Calameae|

* Korthalsia
* Eleiodoxa
* Salacca
* Metroxylon
* Pigafetta
* Plectocomia
* Myrialepis
* Plectocomiopsis
* Calamus

Nypoideae|

* Nypa

Coryphoideae|

| Sabaleae|

* Sabal

|

Cryosophileae|

* Schippia
* Trithrinax
* Zombia
* Coccothrinax
* Hemithrinax
* Leucothrinax
* Thrinax
* Chelyocarpus
* Cryosophila
* Itaya
* Sabinaria

Phoeniceae|

* Phoenix

Trachycarpeae|

* Chamaerops
* Guihaia
* Trachycarpus
* Rhapidophyllum
* Maxburretia
* Rhapis
* Livistona
* Licuala
* Johannesteijsmannia
* Pholidocarpus
* Saribus
* Lanonia
* Acoelorrhaphe
* Serenoa
* Brahea
* Colpothrinax
* Copernicia
* Pritchardia
* Washingtonia

Chuniophoeniceae|

* Chuniophoenix
* Kerriodoxa
* Nannorrhops
* Tahina

Caryoteae|

* Caryota
* Arenga

Corypheae|

* Corypha

Borasseae|

* Bismarckia
* Satranala
* Hyphaene
* Medemia
* Latania
* Lodoicea
* Borassodendron
* Borassus

Ceroxyloideae|

* Pseudophoenix
* Ceroxylon
* Juania
* Oraniopsis
* Ravenea
* Ammandra
* Aphandra
* Phytelephas

Arecoideae|

* Podococcus
* Orania
* Sclerosperma
* Roystonea
* Reinhardtia
* Manicaria
* Hyospathe
* Leopoldinia

| Iriarteeae|

* Iriartella
* Dictyocaryum
* Iriartea
* Socratea
* Wettinia

|

Chamaedoreeae|

* Hyophorbe
* Wendlandiella
* Synechanthus
* Chamaedorea
* Gaussia

Cocoseae|

* Beccariophoenix
* Jubaeopsis
* Voanioala
* Allagoptera
* Attalea
* Butia
* Cocos
* Jubaea
* Lytocaryum
* Syagrus
* Parajubaea
* Acrocomia
* Astrocaryum
* Aiphanes
* Bactris
* Desmoncus
* Barcella
* Elaeis

Euterpeae|

* Euterpe
* Prestoea
* Neonicholsonia
* Oenocarpus

Geonomateae|

* Welfia
* Pholidostachys
* Calyptrogyne
* Calyptronoma
* Asterogyne
* Geonoma

Pelagodoxeae|

* Pelagodoxa
* Sommieria

Areceae|

* Actinorhytis
* Archontophoenix
* Actinokentia
* Chambeyronia
* Kentiopsis
* Areca
* Nenga
* Pinanga
* Basselinia
* Burretiokentia
* Cyphophoenix
* Cyphosperma
* Lepidorrhachis
* Physokentia
* Carpoxylon
* Satakentia
* Neoveitchia
* Cyphokentia
* Clinosperma
* Dypsis
* Lemurophoenix
* Marojejya
* Masoala
* Calyptrocalyx
* Linospadix
* Howea
* Laccospadix
* Oncosperma
* Deckenia
* Acanthophoenix
* Tectiphiala
* Ptychosperma
* Ponapea
* Adonidia
* Solfia
* Balaka
* Veitchia
* Carpentaria
* Wodyetia
* Drymophloeus
* Normanbya
* Brassiophoenix
* Ptychococcus
* Jailoloa
* Manjekia
* Wallaceodoxa
* Rhopalostylis
* Hedyscepe
* Nephrosperma
* Phoenicophorium
* Roscheria
* Verschaffeltia
* Bentinckia
* Clinostigma
* Cyrtostachys
* Dictyosperma
* Dransfieldia
* Heterospathe
* Hydriastele
* Iguanura
* Loxococcus
* Rhopaloblaste

Taxon identifiers|

* Wikidata: Q147190
* Wikispecies: Cocoseae
* FNA: 20518
* GRIN: 2172
* NCBI: 169705
* Open Tree of Life: 491539
* Tropicos: 50299354

|

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template