David Horowitz

American conservative writer and activist(born 1939)

For other people named David Horowitz, see David Horowitz (disambiguation).

David Horowitz

Born| David Joel Horowitz
(1939-01-10) January 10, 1939 (age 85)
Queens, New York, U.S.
Occupation| Conservative activist, writer
Education| Columbia University (BA)
University of California, Berkeley (MA)
Spouse|

Elissa Krauthamer

(m. 1959; div. 1978)​

Sam Moorman

(m. 1984; div. 1985)​

Shay Marlowe

(m. 1990; div. 1995)​

April Mullvain
Children| 4, including Ben
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* The Conscience of a Conservative (1960)
* A Choice Not an Echo (1964)
* Roots of American Order (1974)
* A Conflict of Visions (1987)
* The Closing of the American Mind (1987)
* A Republic, Not an Empire (1999)
* Hillbilly Elegy (2017)
* The Benedict Option (2017)
* The Right Side of History (2019)

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Active

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Defunct

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Other

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Variants and movements

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See also

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* Conservatism portal
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* v
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* e

David Joel Horowitz (born January 10, 1939[1]) is an American conservative writer and activist. He is a founder and president of the right-wing David Horowitz Freedom Center (DHFC); editor of the Center's website FrontPage Magazine; and director of Discover the Networks, a website that tracks individuals and groups on the political left. Horowitz also founded the organization Students for Academic Freedom.

Horowitz wrote several books with author Peter Collier, including four on prominent 20th-century American families. He and Collier have collaborated on books about cultural criticism. Horowitz worked as a columnist for Salon.[2]

From 1956 to 1975, Horowitz was an outspoken adherent of the New Left. He later rejected progressive ideas and became a defender of neoconservatism.[3] Horowitz recounted his ideological journey in a series of retrospective books, culminating with his 1996 memoir Radical Son: A Generational Odyssey.

## Family[edit]

Born in the Forest Hills neighborhood of Queens, a borough of New York City,[4][1] Horowitz is the son of Jewish high school teachers Phil and Blanche Horowitz. His father taught English and his mother taught stenography.[4] His mother's family emigrated from Imperial Russia in the mid-19th century, and his father's family left Russia in 1905 during a time of anti-Jewish pogroms. Horowitz's paternal grandfather lived in Mozir, a city in modern Belarus, prior to leaving for the U.S.[5] In 1940, the family moved to the Long Island City section of Queens.[4]

During years of labor organizing and the Great Depression, Phil and Blanche Horowitz were long-standing members of the American Communist Party and strong supporters of Joseph Stalin. They left the party after Khrushchev published his report in 1956 about the crimes Stalin committed and terrorism against the Soviet population.[6][7]

Horowitz received a Bachelor of Arts from Columbia University in 1959, majoring in English, and a master's degree in English literature at University of California, Berkeley.[8]

## Career[edit]

### New Left[edit]

After completing his graduate degree, Horowitz lived in London during the mid 1960s and worked for the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation.[9][10] He identified as a Marxist intellectual.

In 1966, Ralph Schoenman persuaded Bertrand Russell to convene his war crimes tribunal to judge United States involvement in the Vietnam War.[11] Horowitz would write three decades later that he had political reservations about the tribunal and did not take part. He described the tribunal's judges as formidable, world-famous and radical. They included Isaac Deutscher, Jean-Paul Sartre, Stokely Carmichael, Simone de Beauvoir, Vladimir Dedijer and James Baldwin.[12] In January 1966, Horowitz, along with members of the Trotskyist International Marxist Group, formed the Vietnam Solidarity Campaign.[13] The Vietnam Solidarity Campaign organized a series of protests in London against British support for the Vietnam War.

While in London, Horowitz became a close friend of Deutscher, and wrote a biography of him.[14][15] Horowitz wrote The Free World Colossus: A Critique of American Foreign Policy in the Cold War. In January 1968, Horowitz returned to the United States, where he became co-editor of the New Left magazine Ramparts, settling in northern California.[10]

During the early 1970s, Horowitz developed a close friendship with Huey P. Newton, founder of the Black Panther Party. Horowitz later portrayed Newton as equal parts gangster, terrorist, intellectual and media celebrity.[10] As part of their work together, Horowitz helped raise money for, and assisted the Panthers with, the running of a school for poor children in Oakland. He recommended that Newton hire Betty Van Patter as bookkeeper; she was then working for Ramparts. In December 1974, Van Patter's body was found floating in San Francisco Harbor; she had been murdered. It is widely believed that the Panthers were responsible for her murder, a belief also held by Horowitz.[10][16][17][18][19][20]

In 1976, Horowitz was a "founding sponsor" of James Weinstein's magazine In These Times.[21]

### Rightward evolution[edit]

Following this period, Horowitz rejected Marx and socialism, but kept quiet about his changing politics for nearly a decade.

In early 1985, Horowitz and Collier, who also became a political conservative, wrote an article for The Washington Post Magazine entitled "Lefties for Reagan", later retitled as "Goodbye to All That". The article explained their change of views and recent decision to vote for a second term for Republican President Ronald Reagan.[22][23][24] In 1986, Horowitz published "Why I Am No Longer a Leftist" in The Village Voice.[25]

In 1987, Horowitz co-hosted a "Second Thoughts Conference" in Washington, D.C., described by Sidney Blumenthal in The Washington Post as his "coming out" as a conservative.[26]

External videos

David Horowitz delivers a speech to the Ashland University College Republicans at the Ashbrook Center on November 11, 1991.

In May 1989, Horowitz, Ronald Radosh, and Collier attended a conference in Kraków calling for the end of Communism.[27] After marching with Polish dissidents in an anti-regime protest, Horowitz spoke about his changing thoughts and why he believed that socialism could not create their future. He said his dream was for the people of Poland to be free.[28]

In 1992, Horowitz and Collier founded Heterodoxy, a monthly magazine focused on exposing what it described as excessive political correctness on United States college and university campuses. It was "meant to have the feel of a samizdat publication inside the gulag of the PC [politically correct] university". The tabloid was directed at university students, whom Horowitz viewed as indoctrinated by the entrenched Left.[29] In Radical Son, he wrote that universities were no longer effective in presenting both sides of political arguments. He stated that left-wing professors had created an atmosphere of political "terror" on campuses.[30]

In a 2001 column in Salon[31] he described his opposition to reparations for slavery, calling it racism against blacks, as it defined them only in terms of their descent from slaves. He argued that applying labels like "descendants of slaves" to blacks was damaging and would serve to segregate them from mainstream society. In the same year during Black History Month, Horowitz attempted to purchase advertising space in several American university student publications to express his opposition to reparations.[31] Many student papers refused to sell him ad space; at some schools, papers that carried his ads were stolen or destroyed.[31] Walsh said the furor had given Horowitz an overwhelming amount of free publicity.[31][32]

In 2005, Horowitz launched Discover the Networks.

Horowitz appeared in Occupy Unmasked, a 2012 documentary portraying the Occupy Wall Street movement as a sinister organization formed to violently destroy the American government.[33]

In 2018, Horowitz attracted many critical comments by attacking the Equal Justice Initiative's new National Memorial for Peace and Justice, calling it "a real racist project"[34] showing "anti-white racism".[35] "Lynchings were bad but they weren't mainly about whites yanking blacks off the streets and stringing them up".[35] "A third of the victims of lynchings were white. How many of them do you think this memorial features  [sic]."[36]

### Academic Bill of Rights[edit]

In the early 21st century, Horowitz concentrated on issues of academic freedom, attempting to protect conservative viewpoints. He, Eli Lehrer and Andrew Jones published a pamphlet, "Political Bias in the Administrations and Faculties of 32 Elite Colleges and Universities" (2004), in which they find the ratio of Democrats to Republicans at 32 schools to be more than 10 to 1.[37]

Horowitz's book, The Professors: The 101 Most Dangerous Academics in America (2006), criticized individual professors for, as he alleges, engaging in indoctrination rather than a disinterested pursuit of knowledge.[38]

Horowitz published an Academic Bill of Rights (ABR), which he proposes to eliminate political bias in university hiring and grading. He says conservatives, and particularly Republican Party members, are systematically excluded from faculties, citing statistical studies on faculty party affiliation.[39]

In 2004 the Georgia General Assembly passed a resolution on a 41–5 vote to adopt a version of the ABR for state educational institutions.[40]

In Pennsylvania, the House of Representatives created a special legislative committee to investigate issues of academic freedom, including whether students who hold unpopular views need more protection.[41][42][43][44]

### David Horowitz Freedom Center[edit]

In 1998 Horowitz and Peter Collier founded the David Horowitz Freedom Center.[45] Politico states that Horowitz's activities and DHFC are funded in part by Aubrey and Joyce Chernick and The Bradley Foundation. Politico stated that during 2008–2010, "the lion's share of the $920,000 it [DHFC] provided over the past three years to Jihad Watch came from [Joyce] Chernick".[46] Between July 2000 and February 2006 the freedom center provided a total of $43,000 in funding for 25 trips taken by republican senators and representatives including Mike Pence, Mitch McConnell, Bob Barr, Fred Thompson and others.[47] In 2015, Horowitz made $583,000 (~$707,175 in 2022) from the organization.[48]

Horowitz is the editor of the Center's website FrontPage Magazine. It has been described by scholars and writers as right-wing,[53] far-right,[57] Islamophobic,[61] and anti-Islam.[64]

### Political positions[edit]

Horowitz is a former Marxist but is now described as being conservative.[65][66][67] During his time in the New Left, Horowitz supported the civil rights movement. In the 1970s, he came to believe that the Black Panthers were involved in the death of his friend Betty Van Patter, souring the relationship between Horowitz and the Black Panthers.[68]

Horowitz wrote against US intervention in the Kosovo War, arguing that it was unnecessary and harmful to US interests,[69] but supported the interventionist foreign policy associated with the Bush Doctrine, including the 2003 invasion of Iraq.[70] He has written critically of libertarian anti-war views.[71]

Horowitz opposes Barack Obama,[72] illegal immigration, gun control, and Islam.[73][74] He has criticized Palestinians, claiming that their goal is to wipe out Jews from the Middle East.[75] He has endorsed Presidents Ronald Reagan, George W. Bush, and Donald Trump.[76][77][78] He supported attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election.[79]

Horowitz has described himself as "a defender of gays and alternative lifestyles, a moderate on abortion, and a civil rights activist".[80]

## Controversy and criticism[edit]

### Academia[edit]

Some Horowitz accounts of U.S. colleges and universities as bastions of liberal indoctrination have been disputed.[81] For example, Horowitz alleged that a University of Northern Colorado student received a failing grade on a final exam for refusing to write an essay arguing that George W. Bush is a war criminal.[82] A spokeswoman for the university said that the test question was not as described by Horowitz and that there were nonpolitical reasons for the grade, which was not an F.[83] Horowitz identified the professor[83] as Robert Dunkley, an assistant professor of criminal justice at Northern Colorado. Dunkley said Horowitz made him an example of "liberal bias" in academia and yet, "Dunkley said that he comes from a Republican family, is a registered Republican and considers himself politically independent, taking pride in never having voted a straight party ticket".[83]

In another instance, Horowitz said a Pennsylvania State University biology professor showed his students the film Fahrenheit 9/11 just before the 2004 election in an attempt to influence their votes.[84] Pressed by Inside Higher Ed, Horowitz said that the claim was hearsay from a "legislative staffer" and that he had no proof it happened.[85]

Horowitz's books, particularly The Professors: The 101 Most Dangerous Academics in America, were criticized by scholars such as Todd Gitlin.[86] The group Free Exchange on Campus issued a 50-page report in May 2006 in which they take issue with many of the books' assertions: they identify specific factual errors, unsubstantiated assertions and quotations that appear to be either in error or taken out of context.[87][88]

After discrepancies in her autobiography were detailed by anthropologist David Stoll, Horowitz criticized the autobiography of activist Rigoberta Menchú, an indigenous woman from Guatemala: "The fictional story of Rigoberta Menchú is a piece of Communist propaganda designed to incite hatred of Europeans and Westerners and the societies they have built, and to build support for Communist and terrorist organizations at war with the democracies of the West."[89]

### Allegations of racism[edit]

Chip Berlet, writing for the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), accused Horowitz's Center for the Study of Popular Culture of being one of 17 "right-wing foundations and think tanks support[ing] efforts to make bigoted and discredited ideas respectable."[90] Berlet accused Horowitz of blaming slavery on "black Africans … abetted by dark-skinned Arabs" and of "attack[ing] minority 'demands for special treatment' as 'only necessary because some blacks can't seem to locate the ladder of opportunity within reach of others".[90]

In 2008, while speaking at University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), Horowitz criticized Arab culture, saying that it was rife with antisemitism.[91] He referred to the Palestinian keffiyeh, a traditional Arab head covering that became associated with PLO leader Yasser Arafat, as a symbol of terrorism. In response, UCSB professor Walid Afifi said that Horowitz was "preaching hate" and smearing Arab culture.[91]

### Criticism of Islamic organizations[edit]

Horowitz has used university student publications and lectures at universities as venues for publishing controversial advertisements or lecturing on issues related to Islamic student and other organizations. In April 2008, DHFC advertised in the Daily Nexus, the University of California Santa Barbara school newspaper, saying that the Muslim Students' Association (MSA) had links with the Muslim Brotherhood, Al Qaeda, and Hamas.[92] The next month, Horowitz, speaking at UCSB, said that MSA supports "a second Holocaust of the Jews".[91] The MSA responded that they were a peaceful organization and not a political group.[92] The MSA's faculty adviser said the group had "been involved in interfaith activities with Jewish student groups, and they've been involved in charity work for national disaster relief."[91] Horowitz ran the ad in The GW Hatchet, the student newspaper of George Washington University in Washington, D.C. Jake Sherman, the Hatchet's editor-in-chief, said claims the MSA was radical were "ludicrous".[93]

Horowitz published a 2007 piece in the Columbia University student newspaper, saying that, according to public opinion polls, "150 million out of 750 million Muslims support a holy war against Christians, Jews, and other Muslims."[94] Speaking at the University of Massachusetts Amherst in February 2010, Horowitz compared Islamists to Nazis, saying: "Islamists are worse than the Nazis, because even the Nazis did not tell the world that they want to exterminate the Jews."[95]

Horowitz created a campaign for what he called "Islamo-Fascism Awareness Week" in parody of multicultural awareness activities. He helped arrange for leading critics of radical Islam to speak at more than a hundred college campuses in October 2007.[96] As a speaker, he was repeatedly met with intense hostility.[97][98]

In a 2011 review of anti-Islamic activists in the US, the Southern Poverty Law Center identified Horowitz as one of 10 people in the United States' "Anti-Muslim Inner Circle".[99] He has been described as one of the most important personalities and public funders of the international counter-jihad movement.[100][101]

## Personal life[edit]

Horowitz has been married four times. He married Elissa Krauthamer, in a Yonkers, New York, synagogue on June 14, 1959.[102] They had four children together: Jonathan Daniel, Ben, Sarah Rose (deceased) and Anne. Sarah died in March 2008 at age 44 from Turner syndrome-related heart complications. She had been a teacher, writer and human rights activist.[103][104] She is the subject of Horowitz's 2009 book, A Cracking of the Heart.[104]

Horowitz's son, Ben, is a technology entrepreneur, investor, and co-founder, along with Marc Andreessen, of the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz.[105][106]

Horowitz's second marriage, to Sam Moorman, ended in divorce. On June 24, 1990, Horowitz married Shay Marlowe in an Orthodox Jewish ceremony.[107] They divorced. Horowitz's fourth and present marriage is to April Mullvain.[1]

Horowitz, in 2015, described himself as an agnostic.[108]

## Works[edit]

### Books[edit]

* Student. (Ballantine, 1962)
* Shakespeare: An Existential View. (Tavistock, 1965)
* The Free World Colossus: A Critique of American Foreign Policy in the Cold War. Hill & Wang (1965)
* From Yalta to Vietnam: American Foreign Policy in the Cold War. Penguin (1967)
* Containment and Revolution. Beacon Press (1968)
* Marx and Modern Economics. Modern Reader Paperbacks (1968)
* Corporations and the Cold War. Monthly Review Press (1969)
* Empire and Revolution: A Radical Interpretation of Contemporary History. Random House (1969)
* Universities and the Ruling Class: How Wealth Puts Knowledge in its Pocket. Bay Area Radical Education Project (1969)

Originally published in Ramparts as "Billion a Dollar Brains" (May 1969) and "Sinews of Empire" (August 1969).

* Isaac Deutscher: The Man and His Work. Macdonald and Company (1971)
* Radical Sociology: An Introduction. Canfield Press (1971)
* Isaac Deutscher: The Man and His Work. (MacDonald & Co., 1971)
* Counterculture and Revolution, with Craig Pyes (Random House, 1972)
* The Fate of Midas, and other Essays. Ramparts Press (1973)
* The Rockefellers: An American Dynasty, with Peter Collier. Summit Books (1976)
* The First Frontier: The Indian Wars and America's Origins, 1607–1776. Simon & Schuster (1978)
* The Kennedys: An American Drama, with Peter Collier. Encounter Books (1984)
* The Fords: An American Epic, with Peter Collier. Encounter Books (1987)
* Destructive Generation: Second Thoughts About the 60s, with Peter Collier. Summit Books (1989)
* Second Thoughts About Race in America, with Peter Collier (Madison Books, 1991)
* Deconstructing the Left: From Vietnam to the Persian Gulf. (Second Thoughts Books, 1991)
* The Roosevelts: An American Saga with Peter Collier. Simon & Schuster (1994)
* Radical Son: A Generational Odyssey. Simon & Schuster (1996)
* The Politics of Bad Faith: The Radical Assault on America's Future. Free Press (1998)
* Sex, Lies and Vast Conspiracies. (Second Thoughts Books, 1998)
* Hating Whitey and Other Progressive Causes. Spence Publishing Co. (1999)
* Uncivil Wars: The Controversy Over Reparations for Slavery. (Encounter Books, 2002)
* How to Beat the Democrats and Other Subversive Ideas. (Spence Publishing, 2002)
* Left Illusion: An Intellectual Odyssey. (Spence Publishing, 2003)
* The Art of Political War and Other Radical Pursuits. (Spence Publishing, 2004)
* The Anti-Chomsky Reader with Peter Collier. Encounter Books (2004)
* Unholy Alliance: Radical Islam and the American Left. Regnery Publishing (2004)
* The End of Time. (Encounter, 2005)
* The Professors: The 101 Most Dangerous Academics in America. (Regnery, 2006)
* Indoctrination U: The Left's War Against Academic Freedom. (Encounter, 2007)
* Party of Defeat, with Ben Johnson. (Spence Publishing, 2008)
* One Party Classroom: How Radical Professors at America's Top Colleges Indoctrinate Students and Undermine Our Democracy. (Crown Forum, 2009)
* A Cracking of the Heart. (Regnery, 2009)
* Reforming Our Universities: The Campaign For An Academic Bill Of Rights. (Regnery, 2010)
* A Point in Time : The Search for Redemption in This Life and the Next. (Regnery, 2011)
* Radicals: Portraits of a Destructive Passion. (Regnery, 2012)
* The New Leviathan: How the Left-Wing Money-Machine Shapes American Politics and Threatens America's Future. (2012)
* The Black Book of the American Left. Volume 1: My Life and Times. (David Horowitz Freedom Center, 2013)
* The Black Book of the American Left. Volume 2: Progressives. (David Horowitz Freedom Center, 2014)
* The Black Book of the American Left. Volume 3: The Great Betrayal. (David Horowitz Freedom Center, 2014)
* Take No Prisoners: The Battle Plan for Defeating the Left. (Regnery, 2014)
* You're Going to be Dead One Day: A Love Story. (Regnery, 2015)
* The Black Book of the American Left. Volume 4: Islamo-Fascism and the War Against the Jews. (David Horowitz Freedom Center, 2015)
* The Black Book of the American Left. Volume 5: Culture Wars. (David Horowitz Freedom Center, 2015)
* The Black Book of the American Left. Volume 6: Progressive Racism. (David Horowitz Freedom Center, 2016)
* The Black Book of the American Left. Volume 7: The Left in Power. (David Horowitz Freedom Center, 2016)
* The Black Book of the American Left. Volume 8: The Left in The University. (David Horowitz Freedom Center, 2017)
* The Shadow Party: How George Soros, Hillary Clinton, And Sixties Radicals Seized Control of the Democratic Party. Humanix Books (2017)
* Big Agenda: President Trump's Plan to Save America. (Humanix Books, 2017)
* The Black Book of the American Left. Volume 9: Ruling Ideas (David Horowitz Freedom Center, 2018)
* Dark Agenda: The War to Destroy Christian America. (Humanix, 2019)
* Mortality and Faith: Reflections on a Journey through Time. (Regnery, 2019)
* BLITZ: Trump Will Smash the Left and Win. (Humanix Books, 2020)
* The Enemy Within: How a Totalitarian Movement is Destroying America. (Regnery, 2021)
* I Can't Breathe: How a Racial Hoax is Killing America. (Regnery, 2021)
* Final Battle: The Next Election Could Be the Last. (Humanix, 2023)

### Articles[edit]

* Oglesby, Carl, and David Horowitz. "In Defense of Paranoia: An Exchange Between Carl Oglesby and David Horowitz." Ramparts Magazine (March 1975), pp. 15–20.

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b c Jacobson, Jennifer (May 6, 2005), "What Makes David Run", The Chronicle of Higher Education, vol. 51, no. 35, pp. A9–A11, archived from the original on May 1, 2007, retrieved August 21, 2018
2. ^ "Salon.com News | Who's afraid of the big, bad Horowitz?". January 3, 2007. Archived from the original on January 3, 2007. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
3. ^ Campbell, Duncan (May 30, 2001). "Interview: neo-conservative, David Horowitz". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
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5. ^ Horowitz 2011, p. 7-12.
6. ^ Horowitz 2011, pp. 39–40.
7. ^ Horowitz 2011, p. 83–84.
8. ^ Gay, Kathlyn (2012). American Dissidents: An Encyclopedia of Activists, Subversives, and Prisoners of Conscience. ABC-CLIO. p. 303\. ISBN 9781598847642.
9. ^ Cockburn, Alexander (October 27, 2007). "It's Islamo-Fascism Awareness Week, Coming to a Campus Near You!". creators.com. Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. originally published in Counterpunch October 27, 2007
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11. ^ Horowitz 2011, p. 146–53.
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14. ^ Soupcoff, Marni (November 20, 2006). "Confronting the enemy within". Western Standard. Retrieved January 8, 2010.
15. ^ Isaac Deutscher: The Man and His Work. London: Macdonald, 1971.
16. ^ Sherman, Scott (June 15, 2000). "David Horowitz's Long March". Thenation.com. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
17. ^ Browining, Frank (May 1987). "The Strange Journey of David Horowitz". Mother Jones. pp. 27–38.
18. ^ Pearson, Hugh (1994). The Shadow of the Panther: Huey Newton and the Price of Black Power in America. Da Capo Press. p. 328. ISBN 0-201-48341-6.
19. ^ "Left-leaving, left-leaning" Archived 2016-06-30 at the Wayback Machine, Christopher Hitchens, Los Angeles Times, November 16, 2003.
20. ^ Kelley, Ken. September 15, 1989. "Huey Newton: I'll Never Forget". East Bay Express, Volume 11, No. 49. https://archive.org/details/Huey-Never-Forget-1989
21. ^ "About". In These Times. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
22. ^ Horowitz, David; Collier, Peter (March 17, 1985). "Lefties for Reagan". Washington Post Magazine. pp. 8–?.
23. ^ Horowitz 2011, p. 356–57.
24. ^ Horowitz, David (April 5, 2016). The Black Book of the American Left: The Collected Conservative Writings of David Horowitz. Encounter Books. p. 155\. ISBN 9781594038709.
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26. ^ Blumenthal, Sidney (October 19, 1987). "THUNDER ON THE NEW RIGHT A CONFERENCE WHERE THE CONVERTED DON'T QUITE REACH THEIR GOAL". Washington Post. Retrieved December 26, 2023.
27. ^ Horowitz 2011, p. 388.
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31. ^ a b c d Walsh, Joan (March 9, 2001). "Who's afraid of the big, bad Horowitz?". Salon.com. Archived from the original on January 3, 2007. Retrieved February 1, 2007.
32. ^ Rosenbaum, Si (March 18, 2001). "Embattled editors get Herald out at Brown". The Providence Journal Company. Retrieved February 1, 2007.
33. ^ Bond, Paul (August 30, 2012). "2012 Republican Convention: 'Occupy' Screening Brings Cheers, Protests". hollywoodreporter.com. hollywood reporter. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
34. ^ Hatewatch Staff (April 12, 2018). "Anti-Muslim figurehead and funder David Horowitz minimizes terrors of lynching". SPLC Hatewatch. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
35. ^ a b Horowitz, David (April 9, 2018). "Tweet April 9, 2018 6:12 PM". Twitter. Archived from the original on April 10, 2018. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
36. ^ Horowitz, David (April 8, 2018). "Tweet April 8, 2018 4:52 PM". Twitter. Archived from the original on April 10, 2018. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
37. ^ Williams, Walter (April 20, 2004). "College update". The Washington Times. Retrieved January 8, 2010.
38. ^ "About Students for Academic Freedom". Students For Academic Freedom. Archived from the original on February 18, 2007. Retrieved February 1, 2007.
39. ^ Tierney, John (October 11, 2005). "Where Cronies Dwell". The New York Times. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
40. ^ "What's Not To Like About The Academic Bill of Rights". Aaup-ca.org. Archived from the original on January 21, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
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43. ^ Dogan, Sara (November 16, 2006). "Pennsylvania Legislative Committee Advocates Sweeping Reforms to Campus Academic Freedom Policies". Students For Academic Freedom. Archived from the original on June 9, 2007. Retrieved February 2, 2007.
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45. ^ "Charity Navigator - Rating for David Horowitz Freedom Center". www.charitynavigator.org. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
46. ^ Smith, Ben (September 4, 2010). "Mosques and Money" (blog post). Politico.com. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
47. ^ "C-SPAN: Campaign Finance Database". September 27, 2007. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
48. ^ O'Harrow, Robert Jr.; Boburg, Shawn (June 3, 2017). "How a 'shadow' universe of charities joined with political warriors to fuel Trump's rise". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
49. ^ Jenkins, Philip (2007). God's Continent: Christianity, Islam, and Europe's Religious Crisis. Oxford University Press. pp. 14, 182. ISBN 9780199886128. "ultra-conservative [p. 14] ... right-wing [p. 182]"
50. ^ Lisa Wangsness (December 5, 2016). "An interfaith marriage of our times: Muslim and Jewish groups form coalition to fight bigotry". The Boston Globe.
51. ^ Dan Conifer (July 11, 2016). "Text slabs from Pauline Hanson's One Nation policies lifted from internet". ABC News (Australia).
52. ^ Erdoan A. Shipoli (2018). Islam, Securitization, and US Foreign Policy. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 247.
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54. ^ David Kenner (September 10, 2013). "How Assad Wooed the American Right, and Won the Syria Propaganda War". Foreign Policy.
55. ^ Behrmann, Savannah. "Advocacy group releases leaked emails from White House adviser Stephen Miller to Breitbart". USA TODAY. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
56. ^ "Did Merriam-Webster Update Its Definition of 'Racism' To Say Only White People Are Racist?". Snopes.com. June 17, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
57. ^ [54][55][56]
58. ^ Ekman, Mattias (March 30, 2015). "Online Islamophobia and the politics of fear: manufacturing the green scare". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 38 (11): 1986–2002. doi:10.1080/01419870.2015.1021264. ISSN 0141-9870. S2CID 144218430.
59. ^ Abu-Lughod, Lila (November 2016). "The cross-publics of ethnography: The case of "the Muslimwoman"" (PDF). American Ethnologist. 43 (4): 595–608. doi:10.1111/amet.12377. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
60. ^ Ernst, Carl W. (March 20, 2013). Islamophobia in America: the anatomy of intolerance. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 142\. ISBN 9781137290076.
61. ^ [58][59][60]
62. ^ David Noriega (November 16, 2016). "How One Policy Change Could Wipe Out Muslim Civil Liberties". BuzzFeed.
63. ^ Mathias, Christopher (January 13, 2017). "Ted Cruz vs. The Muslim Brotherhood Boogeyman". Huffington Post. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
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65. ^ "David Horowitz". FRONTLINE. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
66. ^ "The Godfather". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
67. ^ "Why Leftists Go Right". The New Yorker. February 15, 2016. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
68. ^ "David Horowitz". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved January 18, 2022. "Despite Horowitz being a founding intellectual member of the New Left in the 1960s, and an advocate for civil rights and equality, he has since the late 1980s become a driving force of the anti-Muslim, anti-immigrant and anti-black movements."
69. ^ 22/Feb/1999 Clinton Kosovo Intervention Appears Imminent, senate.gov; accessed August 10, 2016.
70. ^ Horowitz, David (November 26, 2002). "Joe Conason got it wrong". Salon. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
71. ^ "CNN.com – Transcripts". Transcripts.cnn.com. November 12, 2007. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
72. ^ "How Obama Betrayed America". National Review. May 7, 2013. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
73. ^ "What's gun control got to do with it?". Salon. July 6, 1999. Retrieved October 7, 2021.
74. ^ Guerrero, Jean (August 2020). "The Man Who Made Stephen Miller". POLITICO. Retrieved October 7, 2021.
75. ^ "The Palestinians' true cause". Salon. April 4, 2002. Retrieved October 7, 2021.
76. ^ "'Trump is 100% right': David Horowitz, the thinker who sponsored Stephen Miller". the Guardian. June 20, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2021.
77. ^ "The Life and Work of David Horowitz". National Review. November 10, 2015. Retrieved October 7, 2021.
78. ^ Horowitz, David (May 6, 1999). ""I'm a uniter, not a divider"". Salon. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
79. ^ Radosh, Ronald; Stern, Sol; Silverman, Jacob; Silverman, Jacob; Covert, Bryce; Covert, Bryce; Ford, Matt; Ford, Matt; Shephard, Alex (May 5, 2021). "Our Friend, the Trump Propagandist". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
80. ^ Horowitz, David (July 16, 2002). "One fishy argument". Salon. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
81. ^ "Ex-liberal navigates right". USA Today. May 31, 2006. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
82. ^ "University of N. Colorado Story Confirmed". Studentsforacademicfreedom.org. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
83. ^ a b c Jaschik, Scott (March 15, 2005). "Tattered Poster Child". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
84. ^ The Students for Academic Freedom report "The Campaign for Academic Freedom", p. 38
85. ^ Jaschik, Scott (January 11, 2006). "Retractions From David Horowitz: Inside Higher Ed". Inside Higher Ed. Archived from the original on September 6, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
86. ^ "Professor's Post: Todd Gitlin on Horowitz' 'dangerous professors'". StudentsforAcademicFreedom.org. March 1, 2006. Archived from the original on June 30, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
87. ^ Free Exchange on Campus, Freeexchangeoncampus.org; accessed August 10, 2016.
88. ^ Jaschik, Scott (May 9, 2006). "Fact-Checking David Horowitz". Inside Higher Ed. Archived from the original on September 6, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
89. ^ Horowitz, David, "I, Rigoberta Mench", January 12, 1999, Salon Magazine
90. ^ a b Berlet, Chip (2003). "Into the Mainstream". Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
91. ^ a b c d Preston, Ben (May 15, 2008). "David Horowitz Provokes Extreme Response with Anti-Arab Remarks". Santa Barbara Independent.
92. ^ a b Gottlieb, Benjamin (April 24, 2008). "Speaker Addresses Jihad, Role of U.S. in the Middle East". The Daily Nexus. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
93. ^ "An ad, certainly not an endorsement". The GW Hatchet. April 21, 2008. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008.
94. ^ "Columbia Daily Spectator". Columbiaspectator.com. Retrieved November 6, 2018.
95. ^ "Horowitz Brings Controversial Ideas to Student Union". Dailycollegian.com. February 25, 2010.
96. ^ "A Student's Guide to Hosting Islamo-Fascism Awareness Week". terrorismawareness.org. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007.
97. ^ Goldberg, Jonah (May 18, 2010). "Left, right and wrong". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 10, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
98. ^ Trotten, Michael J. (May 13, 2010). "A Most Disturbing Moment of Clarity". Commentary. Archived from the original on August 14, 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
99. ^ "The Anti-Muslim Inner Circle," Intelligence Report, Summer 2011, Issue Number: 142, Splcenter.org; accessed August 10, 2016.
100. ^ Nikolaj Nielsen (April 16, 2012). "EU authorities accused of blindness on 'counter-jihad'". EU Observer. Retrieved May 3, 2012.
101. ^ "Key players: David Horowitz". Hope not hate. January 17, 2018.
102. ^ Horowitz 2011, p. 92–95.
103. ^ Palevsky, Stacey (April 10, 2008). "Teacher, writer, human rights activist dies unexpectedly at 44". JWeekly.com. Retrieved January 8, 2010.
104. ^ a b Bunch, Sunny (November 25, 2009). "David Horowitz honors his daughter's life". The Washington Times. Retrieved January 8, 2010.
105. ^ "Ben Horowitz (About)". a16z.com. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
106. ^ Nathan-Kazis, Josh (May 17, 2016). "7 Things About David Horowitz, the Right-Wing Polemicist Who Coined 'Renegade Jew' Slur". Forward.com. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
107. ^ Horowitz 2011, p. 413–16.
108. ^ Horowitz, David (June 12, 2015). "David Horowitz: A romance of age". The Washington Times.

### Works cited[edit]

* Horowitz, David (December 13, 2011). Radical Son: A Generational Oddysey. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781439135198.

## Further reading[edit]

* Biography portal
* United States portal
* Conservatism portal

* Ashbolt, Anthony (November 1986). "Requiem for the Sixties? David Horowitz and the Politics of Forgetting." Radical America, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 64–73.
* Ellis, Marc H. (1997). Unholy Alliance: Religion and Atrocity in Our Time. Fortress Press. ISBN 978-0800630805.
* Giroux, H. (March 31, 2006). America on the Edge: Henry Giroux on Politics, Culture, and Education. Springer. ISBN 978-1403984364.
* Our Friend David Horowitz - The Trump Propagandist - The New Republic

## External links[edit]

David Horowitz at Wikipedia's sister projects

* Definitions from Wiktionary
* Media from Commons
* News from Wikinews
* Quotations from Wikiquote
* Texts from Wikisource
* Textbooks from Wikibooks
* Resources from Wikiversity

* FrontPageMag.com
* Horowitz Freedom Center
* Students for Academic Freedom – promotional website for Horowitz's "Academic Bill of Rights"
* Appearances on C-SPAN
* Interview with David Horowitz by Stephen McKiernan, Binghamton University Libraries Center for the Study of the 1960s, December 21, 2007

* v
* t
* e

Lynching in the United States

List of lynching victims in the United States

| Before 1900|

* Francis McIntosh (1836)
* Elijah Parish Lovejoy (1837)
* Josefa Segovia (1851)
* Pancho Daniel (1858)
* Joshua Boyd (1863)
* Henry Plummer (1864)
* Bill Sketoe (1864)
* Clubfoot George (1864)
* Steve Long, Ace and Con Moyer (1868)
* Wyatt Outlaw (1870)
* John W. Stephens (1870)
* Alexander Boyd (1870)
* Jim Williams (1871)
* David Jones (1872)
* Jo Reed (1875)
* Arthur St. Clair (1877)
* Michael Green (1878)
* Joseph Standing (1879)
* Big Nose George Parrott (1881)
* Charles Thurber (1882)
* John Wesley Heath (1884)
* Eliza Woods (1886)
* Samuel "Mingo Jack" Johnson (1886)
* Amos Miller (1888)
* Joseph Vermillion (1889)
* George Meadows (1889)
* Ellen Watson (1889)
* Brown Washington (1890)
* Jim Taylor (1891)
* Dick Lundy (1891)
* Joe Coe (1891)
* Robert Lewis (1892)
* Ephraim Grizzard (1892)
* Samuel J. Bush (1893)
* John Peterson (1893)
* Alfred Blount (1893)
* Henry Smith (1893)
* Richard Puryear (1894)
* Stephen Williams (1894)
* Amos Hicks (1894)
* Jacob Henson (1896)
* William Andrews (1897)
* Joseph H. McCoy (1897)
* John Anderson (1898)
* John Henry James (1898)
* F. W. Stewart (1898)
* Sam Hose (1899)
* Benjamin Thomas (1899)

|

1900–1940|

* Fred Rochelle (1901)
* Ballie Crutchfield (1901)
* George Ward (1901)
* Walker Davis (1903)
* J. D. Mayfield (1903)
* George White (1903)
* David Wyatt (1903)
* Marie Thompson (1904)
* Paul Reed and Will Cato (1904)
* Bunk Richardson (1906)
* Ed Johnson (1906)
* Slab Pitts (1906)
* William Burns (1907)
* Earnest Williams (1907)
* Jim Miller (1909)
* James Hodges (1909)
* Matthew Chase (1909)
* "Mose" Creole (1909)
* "Pie" Hill (1909)
* William "Froggie" James and Henry Salzner (1909)
* Grant Richardson (1910)
* King Johnson (1911)
* Name unknown (TX) (1911)
* Laura and L. D. Nelson (1911)
* Will Porter (1911)
* Zachariah Walker (1911)
* Mary Jackson (1912)
* Rob Edwards (1912)
* George Saunders (1912)
* Robert Perry (1913)
* ? Anderson (1913)
* Charles Fisher (1914)
* John Evans (1914)
* Leo Frank (1915)
* Name unknown (MS) (1915)
* Jesse Washington (1916)
* Anthony Crawford (1916)
* Jeff Brown (1916)
* Paulo Boleta (1916)
* Frank Little (1917)
* Charles Jones (1917)
* Ell Persons (1917)
* Robert Prager (1918)
* Mary Turner and her unborn baby (1918)
* Hazel "Hayes" Turner (1918)
* George Taylor (1918)
* Jim McIlherron (1918)
* Olli Kinkkonen (1918)
* Wallace Baynes (1919)
* Will Brown (1919)
* Wesley Everest (1919)
* John Hartfield (1919)
* Jay Lynch (1919)
* Berry Washington (1919)
* Willie Baird (1920)
* Roy Belton (1920)
* Dick Rowland (attempted) (1921)
* Henry Lowry (1921)
* James Harvey and Joe Jordan (1922)
* Joe Pullen (1923)
* Samuel Smith (1924)
* L. Q. Ivy (1925)
* Raymond Byrd (1926)
* James Clark (1926)
* Fred N. Selak (1926)
* Tom Payne (1927)
* John Carter (1927)
* Dan Anderson (1927)
* Will Sherod (1927)
* Bernice Raspberry (1927)
* Owen Flemming (1927)
* Joseph Upchurch (1927)
* Joe Smith (1927)
* Albert Williams (1927)
* Thomas Bradshaw (1927)
* Winston Pounds (1927)
* Thomas Williams (1927)
* Leonard Woods (1927)
* J. C. Collins (1928)
* George Hughes (1930)
* James Cameron (1930)
* Lynching of Raymond Gunn (1931)
* Matthew Williams (1931)
* Shedrick Thompson (1932)
* George Armwood (1933)
* Cordie Cheek (1933)
* Claude Neal (1934)
* Austin Callaway (1940)
* Elbert Williams (1940)

After 1940|

* Felix Hall (1941)
* Johannes Kunze (1943)
* Robert "Bobbie" Hall (1943)
* Willie James Howard (1944)
* Recy Taylor (1944)
* John Cecil Jones (1946)
* Willie Earle (1947)
* Lamar Smith (1955)
* George W. Lee (1955)
* Emmett Till (1955)
* Judge Edward Aaron (1957)
* Willie Edwards (1957)
* Mack Charles Parker (1959)
* Louis Allen (1964)
* Lemuel Penn (1964)
* Frank Morris (1964)
* James Reeb (1965)
* Vernon Dahmer (1966)
* Wharlest Jackson (1967)
* Carol Jenkins (1968)
* Henry Marrow (1970)
* Marian Pyszko (1975)
* Betty Gardner (1978)
* Arthur McDuffie (1979)
* Michael Donald (1981)
* Yusef Hawkins (1989)
* James Byrd Jr. (1998)
* James Craig Anderson (2011)
* Ahmaud Arbery (2020)

Multiple victims

* Death of Joseph Smith (Joseph Smith, Hyrum Smith) (1844)
* Marais des Cygnes, KS, massacre (1858)
* Great Hanging at Gainesville, TX (1862)
* New York City draft riots (1863)
* Detroit race riot (1863)
* ? Lachenais and four others (1863)
* Fort Pillow, TN, massacre (1864)
* Plummer Gang (1864)
* Memphis massacre (1866)
* Gallatin County, KY, race riot (1866)
* New Orleans massacre of 1866
* Reno Brothers Gang (1868)
* Camilla, GA, massacre (1868)
* Steve Long and two half-brothers (1868)
* Pulaski, TN, riot (1868)
* Samuel Bierfield and Lawrence Bowman (1868)
* Opelousas, LA, massacre (1868)
* Bear River City riot (1868)
* Chinese massacre of 1871
* Meridian, MS, race riot (1871)
* Colfax, LA, massacre (1873)
* Election riot of 1874 (AL)
* Juan, Antonio, and Marcelo Moya (1874)
* Benjamin and Mollie French (1876)
* Ellenton, SC, riot (1876)
* Hamburg, SC, massacre (1876)
* Thibodeax, LA, massacre (1878)
* Mart and Tom Horrell (1878)
* Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer (1879)
* Elijah Frost, Abijah Gibson, Tom McCracken (1879)
* T.J. House, James West, John Dorsey (1880)
* New Orleans 1891 lynchings (1891)
* Ruggles Brothers (CA) (1892)
* Thomas Moss, Henry Stewart, Calvin McDowell (TN) (1892)
* Porter and Spencer (MS) (1897)
* Phoenix, SC, election riot (1898)
* Wilmington, NC, insurrection (1898)
* Julia and Frazier Baker (1898)
* Pana, IL, riot (1899)
* Watkinsville lynching (1905)
* 1906 Atlanta race massacre
* Kemper County, MS (1906)
* Walker family (1908)
* Springfield race riot of 1908
* Slocum, TX, massacre (1910)
* Laura and L.D. Nelson (1911)
* Harris County, GA, lynchings (1912)
* Newberry, FL, lynchings (1916)
* East St. Louis, IL, riots (1917)
* Lynching rampage in Brooks County, GA (1918)
* Jenkins County, GA, riot (1919)
* Longview, TX, race riot (1919)
* Elaine, AR, race riot (1919)
* Omaha race riot of 1919
* Knoxville riot of 1919
* Red Summer (1919)
* Duluth, MN, lynchings (1920)
* Ocoee, FL, massacre (1920)
* Tulsa race massacre (1921)
* Perry, FL, race riot (1922)
* Rosewood, FL, massacre (1923)
* Jim and Mark Fox (1927)
* Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith (1930)
* Tate County, MS (1932)
* Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes (1933)
* Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels (1937)
* Beaumont, TX, Race Riot (1943)
* O'Day Short, wife, and two children (1945)
* Moore's Ford, GA, lynchings (1946)
* Harry and Harriette Moore (1952)
* Anniston, AL (1961)
* Freedom Summer Murders (James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner) (1964)
* Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore (1964)

| General|

* Lynching
* Indiana White Caps
* Jim Crow laws
* Ku Klux Klan
* Nadir of American race relations
* Red Shirts

|

Anti-lynching movement|

* American anti-lynching activists
* American Crusade Against Lynching
* Jessie Daniel Ames
* Martin C. Ansorge
* Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching
* Flossie Bailey
* William O'Connell Bradley
* Ella Barksdale Brown
* Father Divine
* "Flag Salute"
* N.A.A.C.P.
* National Conference on Lynching
* Paul Robeson
* "Strange Fruit"
* Ida B. Wells

| Legislation|

* Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill
* Costigan-Wagner Bill
* Justice for Victims of Lynching Act
* Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act
* Emmett Till Antilynching Act

|

Defenders of lynching|

* Theodore G. Bilbo
* Cole L. Blease
* Julian S. Carr
* Sidney Johnston Catts
* Thomas Dixon Jr.
* Rebecca Latimer Felton
* John Temple Graves
* John Trotwood Moore
* John T. Morgan
* James Rolph
* Goodloe Sutton
* Benjamin Tillman
* James K. Vardaman
* Thomas E. Watson

Memory|

* America's Black Holocaust Museum
* Civil Rights Memorial
* The Legacy Museum
* National Memorial for Peace and Justice
* National Museum of African American History and Culture
* Southern Poverty Law Center

Related articles|

* James Allen (collector)
* "And you are lynching Negroes"
* Attack on John Shillady
* Battle of Liberty Place
* The Birth of a Nation
* The Clansman
* Deaths in police custody
* Fury (1936 film)
* Hang 'Em High
* Lynching postcard
* Mississippi Burning
* Mississippi Cold Case
* Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson (1965)
* The Ox-Bow Incident
* Parade (musical)
* Reconstruction era
* Red Summer
* Scottsboro Boys
* Silent Parade
* Stone Mountain
* Summer in Mississippi
* Sundown town
* They Won't Forget
* "The United States of Lyncherdom" (Twain)
* United States v. Shipp
* Vendetta (1999 film)
* Wilmington insurrection of 1898

Categories|

* Lynching in the United States
* Lynching deaths in the United States

Authority control databases

International|

* FAST
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National|

* Norway
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* Netherlands
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Academics|

* CiNii

People|

* Deutsche Biographie
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Other|

* SNAC
* IdRef

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