Demographics of Armenia

Armenia population pyramid in 2020

Population| 3,039,700 (April 2024 )[1]
Density| 102,2/km2
Growth rate| 0.27/1,000 population (2016 est.)
Birth rate| 2.97 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)
Death rate| 1.76 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)
Nationality
Nationality| Armenian(s)
Major ethnic| Armenian
Minor ethnic| Russian, Yazidis, Kurds, Assyrians
Language
Official| Armenian
Spoken| Armenian, English, Kurdish, Russian, French and others

After registering steady increases during the Soviet period, the population of Armenia declined from its peak value of 3.633 million in 1992 to 2.986 million in 2017.[1]

Whilst the country's population increased steadily during the Soviet Union as a result of periods of repatriation and low emigration rates, it has declined in recent times due to the exodus of peoples following the Soviet break-up. The rates of emigration and population decline, however, have decreased in recent years, and there has been a moderate influx of Armenians returning to Armenia.

## Historical statistics[edit]

Census population and average annual growth rateYear| Pop.| ±% p.a.

|
|

1831| 161,747| —
1873| 496,140| +2.70%
1886| 635,833| +1.93%
1897| 797,853| +2.08%
1904| 877,322| +1.37%
1914| 1,014,255| +1.46%
1916| 993,782| −1.01%
1919| 961,677| −1.09%
1920| 720,000| −25.13%
1922| 782,052| +4.22%
1926| 878,929| +2.96%
1931| 1,050,633| +3.63%
1939| 1,282,338| +2.52%
1959| 1,763,048| +1.60%
1970| 2,491,873| +3.20%
1979| 3,037,259| +2.22%
1989| 3,304,776| +0.85%
2001| 3,213,011| −0.23%
2011| 3,018,854| −0.62%
2022| 2,932,731| −0.26%
2024 | 3,039,700| +1.81%

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

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For 1831–1931[2] [better source needed] [3][4][a]
For 1920[5]
For 1926[6]
For 1939–1989[7][b]
For 2001[9]
For 2011[10]

Citing Armenia's conquest and occupation by the Seljuks (11th century) and Mongols (13th–15th centuries), historians Edmund Herzig and Marina Kurkchiyan write "the combination of progressive Turkish (and Kurdish) immigration and Armenian decline, through massacre, famine and emigration, changed the demographic balance in a way that Arab immigration had never done".[11]

As a result of "deliberate relocation policies employed by both the Ottomans and Safavids" during the Ottoman–Safavid War, there was a large-scale displacement of Armenians; Armenians also emigrated "to escape the insecurity and hardship of life in war-torn Armenia". Whilst Shah Abbas I relocated Armenians to Isfahan and "Armenian colonies in other parts of Iran" in 1604–1605, "the Ottomans also removed Armenian artisans to their capital".[12]

Following the Russian annexation, 45,000 Armenians from Persia and 100,000 from the Ottoman Empire migrated to Eastern Armenia, with another 25,000 migrating following the 1878 Russo-Turkish war. As a result of the repatriation, Armenians had regained a majority in their homeland "for the first time in several hundred years".[13] As a result of persecution and massacres in the Ottoman Empire, some 100,000 Armenians immigrated to Eastern Armenia between 1870 and 1910.[14] The areas with Armenian-majorities would later "form the nucleus in the twentieth century of an independent Armenian state".[13]

Historian Sen Hovhannisian writes that during the 80 years of peace during which Eastern Armenia was part of Russia, there was "unprecedented" population growth: it tripled from 161,700 to 496,100 between 1831–1873, and doubled in the following forty years until it reached 1,000,100 in 1913. The population between 1831 and 1913 increased 6.18 times, yielding an average annual growth rate of 10,200 people. Following the outbreak of World War I, the population, which was 1,014,300 in 1914, fell by 20,500 in 1916 due to the Christian population being drafted. As a result of "wars and civil clashes, hunger and diseases" of 1918–1920, 432,000 people (35.8 percent of the population) were "exterminated".[15]

Upon its sovietisation, the territory of modern-day Armenia had a population of some 720,000, a decline of nearly 30 percent—"almost half" consisted of refugees.[5] American historian Richard Pipes states that "according to Soviet estimates, the Armenian population of Transcaucasia declined between 1914 and 1920 by one half million: 200,000 in consequence of Turkish, and, presumably, Communist, massacres, and 300,000 from other causes, mostly famine and disease".[16]

The drastic decline of the population was addressed by the Soviet Armenian government by repatriating displaced Azerbaijanis to districts where they had formed a significant population in Armenia. The Azerbaijani population of Armenia which numbered some 10,000 in 1920 (attributed to the ARF government's expulsion of at least 200,000 Turks and Kurds) rose to 72,596 in 1922 as a result of the return of 60,000 refugees.[17] [better source needed] In addition to this, the Soviet government welcomed 44,000 Armenian refugees from Greece, Iraq, Turkey, and elsewhere throughout the 1920s and 1930s.[18] In 1946–1948, 86,000 Armenians were repatriated to Soviet Armenia to offset the country's wartime losses.[19] At the same time, by agreement of Armenian and Azerbaijani Soviet leaderships, tens of thousands of Azerbaijanis in Armenia were resettled to Azerbaijan to make room for the repatriates.[20]

Population growth rates in Armenia in years 1980–2016. Data from World Bank. Global map of changes in population growth rates

Population growth rates in 2010–2015 vs. 2005–2010 A study revealed that population growth rates were more positive in Armenia, compared to surrounding countries in the specified period.

## Human development[edit]

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|

According to the 2018 HDI statistical update (with data for 2017), compared to all its neighbouring countries Armenia has:[21]

* the lowest coefficient of human inequality,
* the lowest gender inequality (ranked 55th on Gender Inequality Index),
* highest percentage of men and highest percentage of women with at least some secondary education,
* highest share of seats in parliament held by women,
* highest share of women who reported to feel safe,
* highest GDP growth rate.

Since 1990, Armenia recorded steady growth of average annual HDI scores in every reported period (1990–2000, 2000–2010, 2010–2017).[21]

According to the 2016 Sustainable Society Index, Armenia has a higher rank of Human Wellbeing than all its neighbours. At the same time its Economic Wellbeing rank is below neighbouring countries.[22]

The 2011 census counted 539,394 persons (19.4 percent of the population above 6 years of age) with higher professional education.[23]

## Vital statistics[edit]

### Life expectancy[edit]

Life expectancy in Armenia since 1950 Life expectancy in Armenia since 1960 by gender

According to the 2018 HDI statistical update, compared to all its neighbouring countries Armenia has the highest health expenditures as percentage of its GDP and the highest healthy life expectancy at birth.[21]

In 2016, the average life expectancy at birth for males was 71.6 years and for females was 78.3 years, with the average at 75.0 years.[1]

After a setback during 1986–1996, mostly due to the Spitak earthquake, and the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Armenia regained its position and was consistently among the top three former Soviet republics during 1997–2016, topping the list in 2007.[24]

During the Soviet period, life expectancy was traditionally high in Armenia and topped all other republics of the USSR, and most other countries in Eastern Europe between 1978–1980.[25][26]

Period  | Life expectancy in
Years  | Period  | Life expectancy in
Years

|
|
|

1950–1955  | 62.8  | 1985–1990  | 68.4
1955–1960  | 64.9  | 1990–1995  | 68.1
1960–1965  | 67.0  | 1995–2000  | 70.2
1965–1970  | 69.2  | 2000–2005  | 72.4
1970–1975  | 70.8  | 2005–2010  | 72.7
1975–1980  | 70.6  | 2010–2015  | 74.0
1980–1985  | 70.9  |  |

Source: UN[27]

### Reproduction indicators[edit]

In 2016, natural increase of population comprised 12,366 persons and the crude rate of natural increase reached 4.1%, per 1000 population, decreasing by 0.4 percent compared to the previous year.[1]

After double-digit crude natural increase rates between 1982–1992, rates did not exceed 5.5 after 1998. At a regional level, slightly better rates were recorded in the capital Yerevan, where the value of 5.5 is consistently being surpassed since 2009. Particularly weak is natural increase in Tavush and Syunik provinces, not much better off are Lori and Vayots Dzor provinces.[1]

Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):[28]

Year  | Total  | Urban  | Rural

|
|
|

CBR | TFR  | CBR | TFR  | CBR | TFR
2000  | 13.9  | 1.7 (1.5)  | 12.1  | 1.5 (1.3)  | 16.3  | 2.1 (1.7)
2005  | 14.6  | 1.7 (1.6)  | 14.5  | 1.6 (1.6)  | 14.9  | 1,8 (1,6)
2010  | 14.0  | 1.7 (1.6)  | 12.8  | 1.6 (1.5)  | 16.2  | 1.8 (1.8)
2015–2016  | 12.9  | 1.7 (1.7)  | 12.7  | 1.7 (1.6)  | 13.2  | 1.8 (1.8)

Armenia's Total Fertility Rate at 1.6 was lowest in the Caucasus region in 2017.[29] TFR is expected to stay at 1.6 between 2015–2020, less from 1.7 in years 2010–2015.[21]

The mean age of mothers at birth was 26.8 years and at first birth it was 24.7 years in 2016.[1] Adolescent birth rate, as well as, share of women married aged 18 was lowest in Armenia compared to its neighbouring countries.[21]

In 2016, infant mortality rate (in the first year of their life) was 8.6%, per 1,000 live births.[1]

A study revealed that population growth rate changes were more favourable in Armenia than in its surrounding countries between 2005–2015.

### Structure of the population[edit]

The median age in 2020 was 36.6 years (male: 35.1, female: 38.3).[30]

36.3 percent of women who gave birth in 2016 had higher education.[1]

Pyramid Armenia 2012
http://www.armstat.am

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 12.10.2011):[31]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 1,398,052  | 1,620,802  | 3,018,854  | 100
0–4  | 105 565  | 102 007  | 207 572  | 6.88
5–9  | 91 429  | 88 500  | 179 929  | 5.96
10–14  | 90 458  | 88 179  | 178 637  | 5.92
15–19  | 107 938  | 125 137  | 233 075  | 7.72
20–24  | 133 897  | 158 337  | 292 234  | 9.68
25–29  | 122 109  | 149 820  | 271 929  | 9.01
30–34  | 103 114  | 119 891  | 223 005  | 7.39
35–39  | 89 073  | 98 348  | 187 421  | 6.21
40–44  | 82 502  | 94 462  | 176 964  | 5.86
45–49  | 98 064  | 112 996  | 211 060  | 6.99
50–54  | 109 294  | 125 238  | 234 532  | 7.77
55–59  | 80 989  | 96 769  | 177 758  | 5.89
60–64  | 56 189  | 71 410  | 127 599  | 4.23
65–69  | 28 020  | 37 353  | 65 373  | 2.17
70–74  | 44 041  | 63 637  | 107 678  | 3.57
75–79  | 30 734  | 44 643  | 75 377  | 2.50
80–84  | 18 662  | 30 244  | 48 906  | 1.62
85+  | 5 974  | 13 831  | 19 805  | 0.66
Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %
0–14  | 287 452  | 278 686  | 566 138  | 18.75
15–64  | 983 169  | 1 152 408  | 2 135 577  | 70.74
65+  | 127 431  | 189 708  | 317 139  | 10.51

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2019):[32]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 1 399 368  | 1 563 114  | 2 962 482  | 100
0–4  | 102 588  | 92 078  | 194 666  | 6.57
5–9  | 111 879  | 98 348  | 210 227  | 7.10
10–14  | 103 991  | 90 955  | 194 946  | 6.58
15–19  | 88 582  | 77 838  | 166 420  | 5.62
20–24  | 90 776  | 88 311  | 179 087  | 6.05
25–29  | 115 826  | 127 910  | 243 736  | 8.23
30–34  | 124 127  | 138 753  | 262 880  | 8.87
35–39  | 111 345  | 123 527  | 234 872  | 7.93
40–44  | 87 619  | 100 891  | 188 510  | 6.36
45–49  | 74 528  | 90 316  | 164 844  | 5.56
50–54  | 73 562  | 93 943  | 167 505  | 5.65
55–59  | 91 952  | 116 734  | 208 686  | 7.04
60–64  | 81 199  | 105 827  | 187 026  | 6.31
65-69  | 55 578  | 76 627  | 132 205  | 4.46
70-74  | 29 945  | 46 812  | 76 757  | 2.59
75-79  | 23 192  | 37 510  | 60 702  | 2.05
80-84  | 21 287  | 37 958  | 59 245  | 2.00
85+  | 11 392  | 18 776  | 30 168  | 1.02
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 318 458  | 281 381  | 599 839  | 20.25
15–64  | 939 516  | 1 064 050  | 2 003 566  | 67.63
65+  | 141 394  | 217 683  | 359 077  | 12.12

|- |} In 2016, households with up to four members prevailed in urban areas throughout Armenia, with the share of such households coming to 70.2 percent in urban communities compared to 60.1 percent in rural communities.[33]

Since the 1960s, Armenia has the highest share of urban population among South Caucasus countries.[34]

### Vital statistics summary data[edit]

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

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Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

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Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

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[35][36][37][38][39]

| Average population  | Live births  | Deaths  | Natural change  | Crude birth rate (per 1000)  | Crude death rate (per 1000)  | Natural change (per 1000)  | Crude migration rate (per 1000)  | Total fertility rate  | Infant mortality rate (per 1000 births)  | Life expectancy

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

males  | females  | total
1950  | 1,354,000  | 43,414  | 11,525  | 31,889  | 32.1  | 8.5  | 23.6  |
1951  | 1,378,000  | 49,790  | 12,482  | 37,308  | 36.1  | 9.1  | 27.1  | -9.4
1952  | 1,415,000  | 53,845  | 12,916  | 40,929  | 38.1  | 9.1  | 28.9  | -2.0
1953  | 1,454,000  | 51,025  | 14,007  | 37,018  | 35.1  | 9.6  | 25.5  | 2.1
1954  | 1,504,000  | 57,995  | 12,301  | 45,900  | 38.6  | 8.2  | 30.4  | 4.0
1955  | 1,564,000  | 59,477  | 13,763  | 45,714  | 38.0  | 8.8  | 29.2  | 10.7
1956  | 1,616,000  | 62,119  | 12,286  | 50,000  | 38.5  | 7.6  | 30.8  | 2.4
1957  | 1,671,000  | 66,862  | 14,101  | 52,761  | 40.0  | 8.4  | 31.6  | 2.4
1958  | 1,732,000  | 71,213  | 14,089  | 57,124  | 41.1  | 8.1  | 33.0  | 3.5
1959  | 1,796,000  | 72,211  | 13,968  | 58,243  | 40.2  | 7.8  | 32.4  | 4.6
1960  | 1,867,000  | 74,825  | 12,675  | 62,150  | 40.1  | 6.8  | 33.3  | 6.2  | 4.63
1961  | 1,942,000  | 72,377  | 12,496  | 59,881  | 37.3  | 6.4  | 30.8  | 9.4  | 4.27
1962  | 2,005,000  | 69,505  | 13,297  | 56,208  | 34.7  | 6.6  | 28.0  | 4.4  | 4.17
1963  | 2,064,000  | 67,382  | 12,046  | 55,336  | 32.6  | 5.8  | 26.8  | 2.6  | 4.11
1964  | 2,133,000  | 64,454  | 12,415  | 52,039  | 30.2  | 5.8  | 24.4  | 9.0  | 3.98
1965  | 2,205,000  | 62,969  | 12,582  | 50,387  | 28.6  | 5.7  | 22.9  | 10.9  | 3.91
1966  | 2,273,000  | 61,594  | 12,445  | 49,149  | 27.1  | 5.5  | 21.6  | 9.2  | 3.69
1967  | 2,337,000  | 57,031  | 12,622  | 44,409  | 24.4  | 5.4  | 19.0  | 9.2  | 3.55
1968  | 2,401,000  | 57,503  | 12,231  | 45,272  | 23.9  | 5.1  | 18.9  | 8.5  | 3.46
1969  | 2,462,000  | 56,203  | 12,782  | 43,421  | 22.8  | 5.2  | 17.6  | 7.8  | 3.20
1970  | 2,518,000  | 55,694  | 12,844  | 42,850  | 22.1  | 5.1  | 17.0  | 5.7  | 3.17
1971  | 2,580,000  | 58,188  | 12,518  | 45,670  | 22.6  | 4.9  | 17.7  | 6.9  | 3.18
1972  | 2,644,000  | 59,313  | 13,730  | 45,583  | 22.4  | 5.2  | 17.2  | 7.6  | 3.07
1973  | 2,708,000  | 59,593  | 14,102  | 45,491  | 22.0  | 5.2  | 16.8  | 7.4  | 2.92
1974  | 2,770,000  | 60,419  | 14,276  | 46,143  | 21.8  | 5.2  | 16.7  | 6.2  | 2.82
1975  | 2,826,000  | 62,866  | 15,498  | 47,368  | 22.2  | 5.5  | 16.8  | 3.4  | 2.79
1976  | 2,883,000  | 65,065  | 15,688  | 49,377  | 22.6  | 5.4  | 17.1  | 3.1  | 2.72
1977  | 2,943,000  | 65,830  | 15,813  | 50,017  | 22.4  | 5.4  | 17.0  | 3.8  | 2.61
1978  | 3,001,000  | 66,698  | 16,465  | 50,233  | 22.2  | 5.5  | 16.7  | 3.0  | 2.46
1979  | 3,051,000  | 69,786  | 17,125  | 52,661  | 22.9  | 5.6  | 17.3  | -0.6  | 2.38
1980  | 3,096,000  | 70,324  | 17,124  | 53,200  | 22.7  | 5.5  | 17.2  | -2.5  | 2.33
1981  | 3,144,000  | 73,682  | 16,659  | 57,023  | 23.4  | 5.3  | 18.1  | -2.1  | 2.31
1982  | 3,194,000  | 74,225  | 17,469  | 56,756  | 23.2  | 5.5  | 17.8  | -1.9  | 2.26
1983  | 3,243,000  | 76,436  | 18,369  | 58,067  | 23.6  | 5.7  | 17.9  | -2.6  | 2.35
1984  | 3,292,000  | 79,767  | 19,043  | 60,724  | 24.2  | 5.8  | 18.4  | -3.3  | 2.44
1985  | 3,339,000  | 80,306  | 19,581  | 60,725  | 24.1  | 5.9  | 18.2  | -3.9  | 2.56
1986  | 3,387,000  | 81,192  | 19,410  | 61,782  | 24.0  | 5.7  | 18.2  | \--3.8  | 2.58
1987  | 3,435,000  | 78,492  | 19,727  | 58,765  | 22.9  | 5.7  | 17.1  | -2.9  | 2.55
1988  | 3,453,000  | 74,707  | 35,567  | 39,140  | 21.6  | 10.3  | 11.3  | -6.1  | 2.49
1989  | 3,482,000  | 75,250  | 20,853  | 54,397  | 21.6  | 6.0  | 15.6  | -7.2  | 2.61
1990  | 3,545,000  | 79,882  | 21,993  | 57,889  | 22.5  | 6.2  | 16.3  | 1.8  | 2.63
1991  | 3,604,000  | 77,825  | 23,425  | 54,400  | 21.6  | 6.5  | 15.1  | 1.5  | 2.60
1992  | 3,549,000  | 70,581  | 25,824  | 44,757  | 19.9  | 7.3  | 12.6  | -27.9  | 2.44
1993  | 3,410,000  | 59,041  | 27,500  | 31,541  | 17.3  | 8.1  | 9.2  | -48.4  | 2.14
1994  | 3,309,000  | 51,143  | 24,648  | 26,495  | 15.5  | 7.4  | 8.0  | -37.6  | 1.878
1995  | 3,255,000  | 48,960  | 24,842  | 24,118  | 15.0  | 7.6  | 7.4  | -23.7  | 1.842
1996  | 3,247,000  | 48,134  | 24,936  | 23,198  | 14.8  | 7.7  | 7.1  | -9.6  | 1.834
1997  | 3,242,000  | 43,929  | 23,985  | 19,944  | 13.5  | 7.4  | 6.2  | -7.7  | 1.680
1998  | 3,235,000  | 39,366  | 23,210  | 16,156  | 12.2  | 7.2  | 5.0  | -7.2  | 1.509
1999  | 3,230,000  | 36,502  | 24,087  | 12,415  | 11.3  | 7.5  | 3.8  | -5.3  | 1.388
2000  | 3,221,000  | 34,276 | 24,025 | 10,251  | 10.6 | 7.5 | 3.2  | -6.0  | 1.305
2001  | 3,214,000  | 32,065 | 24,003 | 8,062  | 10.0 | 7.5 | 2.5  | -4.7  | 1.239
2002  | 3,205,000  | 32,229 | 25,554 | 6,675  | 10.1 | 8.0 | 2.1  | -4.9  | 1.207
2003  | 3,188,000  | 35,793 | 26,014 | 9,779  | 11.2 | 8.2 | 3.1  | -8.4  | 1.349
2004  | 3,172,000  | 37,520 | 25,679 | 11,841  | 11.8 | 8.1 | 3.7  | -8.7  | 1.383
2005  | 3,155,000  | 37,499 | 26,379 | 11,120  | 11.9 | 8.4 | 3.5  | -8.9  | 1.366
2006  | 3,139,000  | 37,639 | 27,202 | 10,437  | 12.0 | 8.7 | 3.3  | -8.4  | 1.348  | 13.9  | 69.8 | 76.0 | 72.9
2007  | 3,122,000  | 40,105 | 26,830 | 13,275  | 12.8 | 8.6 | 4.3  | -9.7  | 1.417  | 10.9  | 69.8 | 76.1 | 73.0
2008  | 3,106,000  | 41,185 | 27,412 | 13,773  | 13.3 | 8.8 | 4.4  | -9.5  | 1.444  | 10.8  | 70.0 | 76.3 | 73.2
2009  | 3,089,000  | 44,466 | 27,528 | 16,938  | 14.4 | 8.9 | 5.5  | -11.0  | 1.551  | 10.4  | 70.0 | 76.3 | 73.2
2010  | 3,073,000  | 44,825 | 27,921 | 16,904  | 14.6 | 9.1 | 5.5  | -10.7  | 1.556  | 11.4  | 70.1 | 76.4 | 73.3
2011  | 3,056,000  | 43,340 | 27,963 | 15,377  | 14.2 | 9.1 | 5.0  | -10.5  | 1.499  | 11.6  | 70.5 | 77.3 | 74.0
20123 | 3,037,000  | 42,480 | 27,599 | 14,881  | 14.0 | 9.1 | 4.9  | -11.1  | 1.583  | 10.8  | 70.9 | 77.5 | 74.3
2013  | 3,022,000  | 41,770 | 27,165 | 14,605  | 13.8 | 9.0 | 4.8  | -9.7  | 1.573  | 9.7  | 71.5 | 77.9 | 74.8
2014  | 3,014,000  | 43,183 | 27,196 | 15,987  | 14.3 | 9.0 | 5.3  | -7.9  | 1.652  | 8.8  | 71.8 | 78.1 | 75.0
2015  | 3,007,000  | 41,763 | 27,878 | 13,885  | 13.9 | 9.3 | 4.6  | -6.9  | 1.645  | 8.8  | 71.7 | 78.2 | 75.0
2016  | 2,998,000  | 40,592 | 28,226 | 12,366  | 13.5 | 9.4 | 4.2  | -7.2  | 1.647  | 8.6  | 71.6 | 78.3 | 75.0
2017  | 2,986,000  | 37,700 | 27,157 | 10,543  | 12.7 | 9.2 | 3.5  | -7.5  | 1.576  | 8.2  | 71.9 | 78.7 | 75.4
2018  | 2,973,000  | 36,574 | 25,751 | 10,823  | 12.3 | 8.7 | 3.6  | -8.0  | 1.573  | 7.1  | 72.4 | 79 | 75.9
2019  | 2,965,000  | 36,041 | 26,186 | 9,855  | 12.2 | 8.8 | 3.4  | -6.1  | 1.599  | 6.2  |  |
2020  | 2,959,000  | 36,353 | 36,433 | -80  | 12.3 | 12.3 | -0.0  | -2.0  | 1.656  |  |  |
2021  | 2,964,000  | 36,623 | 34,388 | 2,235  | 12.4 | 11.6 | 0.8  | 0.9  | 1.710  |  |  |
2022  | 2,969,000  | 36,375 | 26,692 | 9,683  | 12.3 | 9.0 | 3.3  | -1.6  | 1.738  |  |  |
2023  | 2,990,900  | 36,265 | 24,305 | 11,960  | 12.2 | 8.2 | 4.0  | 3.4  | 1.745(e)  |  |  |

1 The numbers of life births and deaths until 1959 were calculated from the birth rate and death rate, respectively

2 The high number of deaths in 1988 is related to the Spitak earthquake, while in the rest of the 20th century the death rate was equal to the rate of other European countries (excluding England).[40]

3 The population estimate for 2012 has been recalculated on the basis of the 2011 Census.

### Current vital statistics[edit]

[41]

Period  | Live births  | Deaths  | Natural increase

|
|
|

January—May 2023 | 14,273  | 10,707  | +3,566
January—May 2024 | 13,122  | 11,297  | +1,825
Difference |  -1,151 (-8.06%)  |  +590 (+5.51%)  |  -1,741
Birth rate by province[42][43] Province  | TFR (2022)  | CBR (2022)

|
|

Yerevan | 1.42  | 9.9
Aragatsotn | 2.10  | 15.4
Ararat | 2.08  | 15.2
Armavir | 1.90  | 14.0
Gegharkunik | 1.78  | 12.7
Lori | 1.85  | 13.0
Kotayk | 2.04  | 14.5
Shirak | 1.67  | 12.2
Syunik | 1.82  | 12.6
Vayots Dzor | 1.99  | 14.5
Tavush | 1.80  | 12.3

## Ethnic groups[edit]

Main article: Censuses of Armenia

Population of ethnic groups in Armenia in 1926–2011  Ethnic
group  | census 19261 | census 19392 | census 19593 | census 19704 | census 19795 | census 19896 | census 20017 | census 20118 | census 20229

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

# | %  | # | %  | # | %  | # | %  | # | %  | # | %  | # | %  | # | %  | # | %
Armenians | 743,571  | 84.5  | 1,061,997  | 82.8  | 1,551,610  | 88.0  | 2,208,327  | 88.6  | 2,724,975  | 89.7  | 3,083,616  | 93.3  | 3,145,354  | 97.9  | 2,961,514  | 98.1  | 2,875,697  | 98.1
Yazidis | 12,237  | 1.4  | 20,481  | 1.6  | 25,627  | 1.5  | 37,486  | 1.5  | 50,822  | 1.7  | 56,127  | 1.7  | 40,620  | 1.3  | 35,272  | 1.2  | 31,077  | 1.1
Kurds | 2,973  | 0.3  | 1,519  | 0.0  | 2,131  | 0.1  | 1,663  | 0.1
Russians | 19,548  | 2.2  | 51,464  | 4.0  | 56,464  | 3.2  | 66,108  | 2.7  | 70,336  | 2.3  | 51,555  | 1.6  | 14,660  | 0.5  | 11,862  | 0.4  | 14,074  | 0.5
Assyrians | 2,215  | 0.3  | 3,280  | 0.3  | 4,326  | 0.2  | 5,544  | 0.2  | 6,183  | 0.2  | 5,963  | 0.2  | 3,409  | 0.1  | 2,769  | 0.1  | 2,754  | 0.1
Ukrainians | 2,286  | 0.3  | 5,496  | 0.4  | 5,593  | 0.3  | 8,390  | 0.3  | 8,900  | 0.3  | 8,341  | 0.3  | 1,633  | 0.1  | 1,176  | 0.0  | 1,005  | 0.0
Greeks | 2,980  | 0.3  | 4,181  | 0.3  | 4,976  | 0.3  | 5,690  | 0.2  | 5,653  | 0.2  | 4,650  | 0.1  | 1,176  | 0.0  | 900  | 0.0  | 365  | 0.0
Georgians | 274  | 0.0  | 652  | 0.1  | 816  | 0.0  | 1,439  | 0.1  | 1,314  | 0.0  | 1,364  | 0.0  | 694  | 0․0  | 974  | 0.0  | 223  | 0.0
Azerbaijanis | 76,870  | 8.7  | 130,896  | 10.2  | 107,748  | 6.1  | 148,189  | 5.9  | 160,841  | 5.3  | 84,860  | 2.6  | 29  | 0․0  |  |  |  |
Jews  | 335  | 0.0  | 512  | 0.0  | 1,024  | 0.1  | 1,047  | 0.0  | 959  | 0.0  | 720  | 0.0  | 109  | 0․0  | 127[44] | 0․0  |  |
Others  | 18,001  | 2.0  | 3,379  | 0.3  | 4,864  | 0.3  | 9,653  | 0.4  | 7,276  | 0.2  | 7,580  | 0.2  | 3,808  | 0.1  | 2,129  | 0.1  | 5,508  | 0.2
Total  | 880,464  | 1,282,338  | 1,763,048  | 2,491,873  | 3,037,259  | 3,304,776  | 3,213,011  | 3,018,854  | 2,932,731
1 Source: [1]. 2 Source: [2]. 3 Source: [3]. 4 Source: [4]. 5 Source: [5]. 6 Source: [6]. 7 Source: [7]. 8 Source: [8]
Ethnic map of Armenia

Ethnic groups of Armenia

Armenian (98.1%)

Yazidis (1.1%)

Kurds (0.1%)

Assyrians (0.1%)

Russians (0.5%)

Other (0.1%)

In 2002, ethnic minorities included Russians, Assyrians, Ukrainians, Yazidis, Kurds, Iranians, Greeks, Georgians, and Belarusians. There were also smaller communities of Vlachs, Mordvins, Ossetians, Udis, and Tats. Minorities of Poles and Caucasus Germans also exist, though they are heavily Russified.[45]

## Languages[edit]

Main article: Languages of Armenia

Armenian is the sole official language.

As per 2022 census data, Armenian is the most widely spoken language at 99%, Kurdish at 1%, Russian at 65% and English at 5%.[46]

Armenia is a member of La Francophonie, and hosted its annual summit in 2018.[47]

The largest communities of the Armenian diaspora, are fluent in Russian and English.

## Religions[edit]

Main article: Religion in Armenia

Most Armenians are Christians, primarily of the Apostolic Church rite. Armenia is considered the first nation to officially adopt Christianity, which was first preached in Armenia by two Apostles of Jesus, St. Bartholomew and St. Thaddeus in the 1st century. The Armenian Apostolic Church can trace its roots back to the 3rd and 4th centuries. The country formally adopted the Christian faith in 301 A.D. Over 90 percent of Armenians belong to the Armenian Apostolic Church. Armenia also has a population of Catholics and Evangelical Protestants.

According to the 2022 Armenian census, number of adherents of primary religions in Armenia are the following: 2,793,042 (95.2%) Armenian Apostolic, 15,836 (0.5%) Evangelical, 14,349 (0.5%) Yazidism, 17,884 (0.6%) Armenian and Roman (Latin) Catholic, 6,316 (0.2%) Eastern Orthodox, 5,282 (0.2%) Jehovah's Witness, 2,000 (0.1%) Molokan (non-Orthodox Russians), 524 Assyrian Church of the East (Nestorian), 2,132 Paganism, 515 Islam, 118 Judaism. 17,501 (0.6%) people chose No Religion and 49,353 people chose (1.7%) No Response.[48]

## Migration[edit]

Annual net migration rate (per 1000 population). Source data and projections (2019) from UN.

Compared to its neighbouring countries, Armenia has the highest share of immigrants (6.5 percent of total population, 2017 data).[21]

The estimated number of population net migration is −24.8 thousand persons, according to the Integrated living conditions survey of households of 2016; for urban population −13.8 thousand and for rural population −11.0 thousand persons.[1]

24.9% of households were involved in external and internal migration processes over the period of 2013– 2016. Migration directions were distributed as follows: 12% – internal, 10.5% – Republic of Artsakh, rest (76.4%) – international (of which 89.8% – Russia). Among household members of age 15 and above, who left their permanent residence in 2013–2016 for 3 months and longer and had not returned as of 2016, 11.9% were in Armenia, 13.0% in Artsakh, and 75.1% in other countries, predominantly in Russia. More than 54% of migrant household members of the age 15 years and above sent money and/ or goods to their families/relatives/friends within 12 months preceding the survey.[49]

According to 2019 UN data, the emigration rate averaged annually around 1.7 per 1000 inhabitants in years 2015–2020 and is expected to remain the same until year 2045. These are below average emigration rate of 11.5 per 1000 in years 2000–2010 and even below the emigration rate of 3.2 per 1000 in years 1980–1985.[50]

### Migration during post-Soviet period[edit]

It is estimated that 740,000-1,300,000 people left Armenia between 1988 and 2005.[51]

Economically recessed situation in Armenia during the 1990s enhanced the emigration of 125,000 refugees and displaced persons. Human and natural disasters also caused approximately 192,000 individuals to become internally displaced persons in Armenia. Among the disasters, the major impact was the 1988 Spitak earthquake.[51]

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, borders that were once formal, now assumed real significance. Nonetheless, increased political, inter-ethnic, and social tensions prompted more and more people to migrate between Armenia and its neighbouring countries. As a result, approximately 100,000 persons or 3 percent of the country's population emigrated during the beginning of 1990s.[51]

Refugees and forcibly displaced persons started arriving to Armenia in spring 1988 and continued coming until late 1991. During this time, Armenia gave shelter to approximately 419,000 refugees and displaced persons, 360,000 of whom migrated from Azerbaijan. The rest immigrated from other regions of the former Soviet Union.[51]

419.000 people migrated to Armenia during the post-Soviet period

Refugees from Azerbaijan (86%)

Refugees from Nagorno-Karabakh (7%)

Persons Forcibly displaced (3%)

Refugees from Shahumyan (bordering Nagorno-Karabakh) (4%)

Migration flows during the post-soviet period can be divided into 3 stages:

* The first stage, prior to 1995, was characterized by mass emigration due to economic reasons, a drop in living standards, and a rapid deterioration in the delivery and quality of public utilities. It is estimated that over 800,000 people emigrated from Armenia during this period and that only 400,000 of them have returned since then.
* During the second stage, from 1995 to 2001, emigration decreased, with most of those leaving to be labour migrants in search of better economic and social opportunities. 180,000 people (6 per cent of the population) emigrated from Armenia during these six years These emigrants tended to resettle abroad permanently and were later joined by relatives through family reunification.
* The third stage, from 2002 to the present, is marked by a constant yearly increase in the number of persons travelling to and from Armenia. This stage was also characterized by a shift to a positive migration balance.[51]

According to government records, over 55 per cent of all emigrants are unmarried and 60 per cent are males between the ages of 20 and 44 (very few are children and even fewer are elderly people). Most have an educational level far higher than the national average and have no intention of returning to Armenia. Although no hard data exists, emigrant families appear to be even less likely to return.[51]

The emigration of the major part of the Armenian population has brought about important changes. For example, a decrease in the number of people of reproductive age in Armenia has led to a progressive drop in marriages and birth rates. There has also been a considerable change in the ethnic composition of the population in Armenia due to a higher rate of emigration among ethnic minorities.[51]

## Wealth and poverty[edit]

### Inequality[edit]

Out of 41 emerging economies, Armenia was among only four, which recorded rising inequality (measured by Gini coefficient) in years 2007–2015.[52]

### Wealth[edit]

According to Global Wealth Report, prepared by Credit Suisse, mean wealth per adult in Armenia in 2019 is estimated at $19,517 (rising 9 times from estimated $2,177 in year 2000). Mean wealth per adult in Armenia surpasses corresponding values for neighboring countries Georgia and Azerbaijan by over 50%, all CIS countries except Russia and Kazakhstan, and neighboring Iran. Growth rate of mean wealth per adult between 2000 and 2019 with the value of 9 times beats all neighboring countries, most of CIS countries as well as Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.[53][54]

Median wealth per adult is reported at $8,309 in 2019, above the world average, rising 9.6 times from $862 in year 2000.[53][54]

Between 2000 and 2019, average debts per adult grew 28.7 times to $1,261, or 6.5% of wealth per adult (below the 11.9% world average).[53][54]

55% of adults own less than $10,000, 42.7% — $10,000–$100,000, 2.2% — $100,000–$1 million and 0.1% — over $1 million. The share of adults owning less than $10,000 with the value of 55% is less than corresponding value in each of CIS countries, neighboring Iran and Turkey, as well as the world average. Gini coefficient for wealth is reported at 66.3%, less than 82.4% the European average and 88.5% the world average.[53][54]

### Poverty[edit]

See also: Social issues in Armenia

As much as 53.5% of the country's population was officially considered poor in 2004. Poverty fell significantly in the following years amid double-digit economic growth that came to an end with the onset of the global financial crisis in late 2008. It soared to almost 36% in 2010, one year after Armenia's Gross Domestic Product shrunk by over 14%. Afterwards, there was a decreasing trend throughout the last years reaching 23.5% in 2018, down from 25.7% in 2017.[55]

The poverty indicators in Shirak, Lori, Kotayk, Tavush and Armavir provinces are higher than the country average. The highest poverty rate in the country has been recorded in Shirak province, where 46% of the population is below the poverty line. To overcome poverty, Armenia would need AMD 63.2 billion, or an amount equal to 1.2% of GDP, in addition to the resources already allocated for social assistance, assuming that such assistance would be efficiently targeted to the poor.[33]

In terms of the international poverty line corresponding to US$1.25 in 2005 PPP, poverty in Armenia went down from 19.3% in the year 2001 to 1.5% in the year 2008 and remained nearly unchanged until the year 2015 moving in the range of 1.5% – 2.7%.[33]

## See also[edit]

* Society portal

* Assyrians in Armenia
* Censuses of Armenia
* Demographics of the Republic of Artsakh
* Ethnic minorities in Armenia
* Greeks in Armenia
* Health in Armenia
* Kurds in Armenia
* List of European countries by population
* Lom people
* Peoples of the Caucasus
* Russians in Armenia
* Social protection in Armenia
* Yazidis in Armenia

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ The population in 1926 was later reported as 881,290 due to territorial adjustments that took place from 1926–1931.
2. ^ The population in 1989 was later reported as 3,448,600.[8]

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Socio-economic situation of RA, January - March 2024" (PDF). n.d.
2. ^ Korkotyan 1932, pp. 164–167.
3. ^ Allerton Kilbourne Matossian 1962, p. 12.
4. ^ Sarkisyanz 1975, p. 61.
5. ^ a b Herzig & Kurkchiyan 2005, p. 113.
6. ^ (in Russian) The All-Union Population Census of 1926. Demoscope.ru
7. ^ 1\. BRIEF HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE CENSUSES CONDUCTED PREVIOUSLY IN ARMENIA (PDF). Yerevan: Hayastani vichakagrakan komite. 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2022.
8. ^ "PART 8: POPULATION CENSUS" (PDF). Statistical Committee of the Republic of Armenia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 July 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
9. ^ Information from the 2001 Armenian National Census
10. ^ "THE RESULTS OF 2011 POPULATION CENSUS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA (FIGURES OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA), trilingual / Armenian Statistical Service of Republic of Armenia". www.armstat.am. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
11. ^ Herzig & Kurkchiyan 2005, p. 46.
12. ^ Herzig & Kurkchiyan 2005, p. 47.
13. ^ a b Herzig & Kurkchiyan 2005, p. 66.
14. ^ Bloxham 2005, p. 48.
15. ^ Hovhannisian 2019, p. 242.
16. ^ Pipes 1959, p. 48.
17. ^ Korkotyan 1932, p. 183.
18. ^ Herzig & Kurkchiyan 2005, pp. 115–117.
19. ^ Mirzoyan 2009, p. 138.
20. ^ Постановление N 754 Совета министров СССР «О мероприятиях по переселению колхозников и другого азербайджанского населения из Армянской ССР в Кура-Араксинскую низменность Азербайджанской ССР» от 10 марта 1948 г.
21. ^ a b c d e f "Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical Update" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2018.
22. ^ "Ranking all countries – Sustainable Society Index". Archived from the original on 4 December 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
23. ^ "Armenian 2011 census data, chapter 5" (PDF). n.d. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
24. ^ "World Development Indicators – Google Public Data Explorer". n.d. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
25. ^ "World Development Indicators – Google Public Data Explorer". n.d. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
26. ^ d_zykin (2 January 2016). "Продолжительность жизни по республикам СССР". Журнал Летучего Мыша: каждому свое и подобное к подобному. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
27. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". n.d. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
28. ^ "The DHS Program – Quality information to plan, monitor and improve population, health, and nutrition programs". dhsprogram.com.
29. ^ "Map". Retrieved 7 February 2018.
30. ^ "Armenia Demographics Profile". indexmundi.com. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
31. ^ "United Nations Statistics Division – Demographic and Social Statistics". United Nations.
32. ^ h"Demographic Yearbook – 2020". New York: United Nations Statistics Division. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
33. ^ a b c "Social Snapshot and Poverty in Armenia, 2017, Part 1: Poverty Profile in 2008–2016" (PDF). n.d. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
34. ^ "Share of rural population in Europe (animation)". n.d. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
35. ^ B.R. Mitchell. International historical statistics 1750–2005: Africa. Asia and Oceania
36. ^ "Demographic Yearbook". United Nations Statistics Division.[not specific enough to verify]
37. ^ "Statistical Committee of Armenia". armstat.am.
38. ^ "Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". demoscope.ru.
39. ^ "The Demographic Handbook of Armenia, 2019 / Statistical Committee of Armenia". armstat.am.
40. ^ Baten, Jörg (2016). A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present. Cambridge University Press. p. 265\. ISBN 978-1-107-50718-0.
41. ^ "Socio-Economic Situation of RA, January-December 2023 (in Armenian and Russian)".
42. ^ "Statistical Yearbook of Armenia, 2023".
43. ^ "The Demographic Handbook of Armenia, 2023".
44. ^ "ԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ՓՈՔՐԱՄԱՍՆՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԸ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆՈՒ". Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
45. ^ Garnik Asatryan and Victoria Arakelova, The Ethnic Minorities of Armenia Archived 8 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Routledge, part of the OSCE, 2002
46. ^ "The Main Results of RA Census 2022 / Statistical Committee of the Republic of Armenia". www.armstat.am. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
47. ^ "La Francophonie Ministerial Conference kicks off with moment of silence in honor of late Charles Aznavour". n.d.
48. ^ "The Main Results of RA Census 2022 / Statistical Committee of the Republic of Armenia". www.armstat.am. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
49. ^ "The Demographic Handbook of Armenia, 2017 – Migration" (PDF). n.d. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
50. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division". United Nations. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
51. ^ a b c d e f g Migration Perspectives in Eastern Europe and Central Asia - 2006.
52. ^ "World Development Report 2019" (PDF). n.d. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
53. ^ a b c d "Global wealth report". Credit Suisse. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
54. ^ a b c d "Global wealth databook 2019" (PDF). n.d. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
55. ^ "Armenian Government Reports Further Drop In Poverty" azatutyun.am

## Bibliography[edit]

* Allerton Kilbourne Matossian, Mary (1962). The Impact of Soviet Policies in Armenia. E.J. Brill.
* Bloxham, Donald (2005). The Great Game of Genocide: Imperialism, Nationalism, and the Destruction of the Ottoman Armenians. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-927356-1. OCLC 57483924.
* Herzig, Edmund; Kurkchiyan, Marina (2005). The Armenians: Past and Present in the Making of National Identity. London: RoutledgeCurzon. pp. 66 & 115–117. ISBN 0-203-00493-0. OCLC 229988654.
* Hovhannisian, Sen (1 January 2019). Atlas of Armenia. Yerevan: Nahapet. p. 242\. ISBN 978-9939-856-52-0. OCLC 1124982334.
* Korkotyan, Zaven (1932). Խորհրդային Հայաստանի բնակչությունը վերջին հարյուրամյակում (1831-1931) [The population of Soviet Armenia in the last century (1831–1931)] (PDF) (in Armenian). Yerevan: Pethrat. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2022.
* Mirzoyan, Gamlet (2009). "Sovetskiyi praviteli Armenii. Grigory Arutunov". Noyev Kovcheg. 3. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
* Pipes, Richard (1959). "Demographic and Ethnographic Changes in Transcaucasia, 1897-1956". Middle East Journal. 13 (1). Middle East Institute: 41–63. JSTOR 4323084 - via JSTOR.
* "Постановление N 754 Совета министров СССР «О мероприятиях по переселению колхозников и другого азербайджанского населения из Армянской ССР в Кура-Араксинскую низменность Азербайджанской ССР» от 10 марта 1948 г." www.hrono.info.
* Sarkisyanz, Manuel (1975). A Modern History of Transcaucasian Armenia: Social, Cultural and Political. ISBN 978-90-04-05911-5.

## External links[edit]

* Population cartogram of Armenia
* Khachatryan, Anush; Karapetyan, Arsen: "Public Green Space in Armenian Cities: A Legal Analysis" in the Ccaucasus Analytical Digest No. 23

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Sovereign states|

* Albania
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recognition|

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Dependencies and
other entities|

* Åland
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