Demographics of France

Population pyramid, 2021

Population|  68,373,433 (January 2024)[1]
Birth rate|  11.0 births/1,000 population (2020)[2]
Death rate|  10.0 deaths/1,000 population (2020)[2]
Life expectancy|  82.2 (2020)
• male|  79.2
• female|  85.2
Fertility rate|  1.82 (2020)[3]
Infant mortality rate|  3.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020)[4]
Net migration rate|  1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years|  16.96% (2024)
15–64 years|  60.87% (2024)
65 and over|  22.17% (2024)
Nationality
Nationality| French citizen
Major ethnic| French (Native)
Minor ethnic|

*     * Occitans (Native)
* Afro-French
* Arabs
* Bretons (Native)
* Italians
* Portuguese
* Berbers
* Turks
* Germans
* Corsicans (Native)
* Poles
* British
* Vietnamese
* Romanians
* Catalans (Native)
* Romani
* Russians
* Mizrahi Jews
* Spaniards
* Basques (Native)
* Ashkenazi Jews
* Ukrainians
* Others

Language
Official| French (official)
Spoken| Languages of France
Population density 1999, all territories are shown at the same geographic scale Animated population pyramid of Metropolitan France 1901–2020. Those born during the world wars and Spanish flu are marked in dark. Population density in France by arrondissement in 2018

The demography of France is monitored by the Institut national d'études démographiques (INED) and the Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE). As of 1 January 2021, 66,142,961 people lived in Metropolitan France, while 2,230,472 lived in overseas France, for a total of 68,373,433 inhabitants in the French Republic.[5]

In March 2017, the population of France officially reached the 67,000,000 mark. It had reached 66,000,000 in early 2014.[6] Between the years 2010–17, the population of France grew from 64,613,000 to 66,991,000 (i.e. about 2.4 million people in a span of 7 years), making France one of the fastest-growing countries in Europe. The population of France is growing by 1,000,000 people every three years- an average annual increase of 340,000 people, or +0.6%.[7]

France was historically Europe's most populous country. During the Middle Ages, more than one-quarter of Europe's total population was French;[8] by the seventeenth century, this had decreased slightly to one-fifth. By the beginning of the nineteenth century, other European countries, such as Germany and Russia, had caught up with France and overtaken it in number of people. However, the country's population sharply increased with the baby boom following World War II. According to INSEE, since 2004, 200,000 immigrants entered the country annually. One out of two was born in Europe and one in three in Africa. Between 2009 and 2012, the number of Europeans entering France increased sharply (plus 12% per year on average), but would steadily decline by 2022, as more Africans began entering France.[9][10][11]

The national birth rate, after dropping for a time, began to rebound in the 1990s and currently the country's fertility rate is close to the replacement level. According to a 2006 INSEE study, "the natural increase is close to 300,000 people, a level that has not been reached in more than thirty years."[12] With a total fertility rate of 1.83 in 2020,[3] France however remains the most fertile country in the European Union.[13][14]

Among the 802,000 babies born in metropolitan France in 2010, 80.1% had two French parents, 13.3% had one French parent, and 6.6% had two non-French parents.[15][16][17]

Between 2006 and 2008, about 22% of newborns in France had at least one foreign-born grandparent (9% born in another European country, 8% born in the Maghreb and 2% born in another region of the world).[18] Censuses on race and ethnic origin were banned by the French government in 1978.[19]

In 2021, the Total Fertility Rate of France was 1.82, and 7.7% was the percent of births to women that were their 4th+ child.

## Historical overview

[edit]

### 1800 to 20th century

[edit]

Population pyramid before and after the First World War

1914

1920

Two centuries of population growth

France was historically the largest nation in Europe. During the Middle Ages more than one quarter of Europe's population was French; by the 17th century it was still one fifth [citation needed]. Starting around 1800, the historical evolution of the population in France has been atypical in Europe. Unlike the rest of Europe, there was no strong population growth in France in the 19th and first half of the 20th century. The birth rate in France diminished much earlier than in the rest of Europe in part because inheritance laws dictated distribution of estates whereas in the UK wealth could be passed to the eldest son or child.[original research?] The country's large population gave Napoleon a seemingly limitless supply of men for the Grande Armée, but the birth rate began to fall in the late 18th century;[20] thus population growth was quite slow in the 19th century, and the nadir was reached in the first half of the 20th century when France, surrounded by the rapidly growing populations of Germany and the United Kingdom, had virtually zero growth. The slow growth of France's population in the 19th century was reflected in the country's very low emigration rate.

The French population only grew by 8.6% between 1871 and 1911, while Germany's grew by 60% and Britain's by 54%.[21]

French concerns about the country's slow population growth began after its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. For four years in the 1890s, the number of deaths exceeded the number of births. The National Alliance for the Growth of the French Population (ANAPF) was formed in 1896, and the Cognacq-Jay and other prizes were created for the parents of large families. Émile Zola's 1899 novel Fécondité is representative of contemporary concerns about the birthrate. France lost 10% of its active male population in World War I; the 1.3 million French deaths, along with even more births forgone by potential fathers being off at war, caused a drop of 3 million in the French population, and helped make Dénatalité a national obsession; by 1920 ANAPF had 40,000 members, and in July that year a new law strictly regulated abortion and contraception.[20][21]

ANAPF proposed that parents of large families receive extra votes, and the belief that women's suffrage in other countries caused birth rates to decline helped defeat proposals before World War II to permit women to vote. The birth rate declined again after a brief baby boom from 1920 to 1923, and reached an all-time low during peacetime in the late 1930s. During the "hollow years" of the decade, the number of new conscripts declined because of the lack of births during World War I. From 1935 deaths exceeded births; the press widely discussed the country's decreasing population. Both left and right supported pro-natalist policies; even the French Communist Party ended its opposition to anti-birth control and anti-abortion laws in 1936, and its leader, Maurice Thorez, advocated for the "protection of family and childhood".[20][21]

New laws in November 1938 and July 1939, the code de la famille, provided enough financial incentives for large families to double the income of a family with six children. The Vichy government approved of the laws and implemented them as part of its Travail, famille, patrie national motto, as did the postwar Provisional Government of the French Republic.[21][20][22] Also, France encouraged immigration, chiefly from other European countries such as Italy, Poland, and Spain. (In fact, with its low birth rate, stagnating or declining native-born population, and role as a destination for migrants from other parts of Europe, France's situation before World War II was not unlike that of Germany today.)

### After World War II

[edit]

Historical populationYear| Pop.| ±% p.a.

|
|

1806 | 29,107,000| —
1821 | 30,462,000| +0.30%
1831 | 32,569,000| +0.67%
1841 | 34,230,000| +0.50%
1851 | 35,783,000| +0.44%
1872 | 36,103,000| +0.04%
1881 | 37,672,000| +0.47%
1891 | 38,343,000| +0.18%
1901 | 38,962,000| +0.16%
1911 | 39,605,000| +0.16%
1921 | 39,108,000| −0.13%
1931 | 41,524,000| +0.60%
1946 | 40,125,230| −0.23%
1950 | 41,647,258| +0.94%
1960 | 45,464,797| +0.88%
1970 | 50,528,219| +1.06%
1980 | 53,731,387| +0.62%
1990 | 56,577,000| +0.52%
2000 | 58,858,198| +0.40%
2010 | 62,765,235| +0.64%
2020 | 67,287,241| +0.70%
2022 | 67,813,396| +0.39%
Source:[23]

France experienced a baby boom after 1945; it reversed a long-term record of low birth rates.[20][24] The government's pro-natalist policy of the 1930s do not explain this sudden recovery, which was often portrayed inside France as a "miracle". It was also atypical of the Western world: although there was a baby boom in other Western countries after the war, the baby boom in France was much stronger, and lasted longer than in most other Western countries (the United States was one of the few exceptions). In the 1950s and 1960s, France's population grew at 1% per year: the highest growth in the history of France, higher even than the high growth rates of the 18th or 19th century.

Since 1975, France's population growth rate has significantly diminished, but it still remains slightly higher than that of the rest of Europe, and much faster than at the end of the 19th century and during the first half of the 20th century. In the first decade of the third millennium, population growth in France was the highest in Europe, matched only by that of the Republic of Ireland, which has also historically undergone stagnant growth and even decline relative to the rest of Europe until recently. However, it is lower than that of the United States, largely because of the latter's higher net migration rate.

### Historical summary

[edit]

The following compares the past, present, and future size of the French population with other entities in Europe and in the world. All statements refer to France as understood in its modern borders; this pertains also to other countries. Historians suggest that France was the most populous state in Europe from at least the period of Charlemagne and the Frankish Empire, if not earlier, to the 19th century. Population statistics prior to the modern era are historical estimates as official counts were not made.

* Until 1795 metropolitan France was the most populous country of Europe, ahead of Russia, and the fourth most populous country in the world, behind only China, India and Japan;
* Between 1795 and 1866, metropolitan France was the second most populous country of Europe, behind Russia, and the fourth most populous country in the world, behind China, India and Russia (having become more populous than Japan during this period);
* Between 1866 and 1909, metropolitan France was the third most populous country of Europe, behind Russia and Germany;
* Between 1909 and 1933, metropolitan France was the fourth most populous country of Europe, behind Russia, Germany, and the United Kingdom;
* Between 1933 and 1991, metropolitan France was the fifth most populous country of Europe, behind Russia, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Italy;
* Since 1991, metropolitan France recovered its rank as the fourth most populous country of Europe, behind Russia, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Worldwide, France's ranking has fallen to twentieth most populous country;
* In 2005 it was projected that if current demographic trends continued (i.e. declining population in Germany, and slightly rising population in France and the UK), around 2050 metropolitan France could again surpass the population of Germany, becoming the most populous state in the European Union.[25] In contrast, 2009 UN projections say that the stronger-growing United Kingdom could be more populous than France in 2050, leaving France third amongst European nations, behind Russia and the UK.[citation needed]

In the above list, Turkey is not considered a European country. Turkey was less populous than metropolitan France until 1992 but is now more populous.[26]

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

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Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

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[27]

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## Population

[edit]

### Historical population figures

[edit]

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2020.[28]

* One birth every 44 seconds
* One death every 53 seconds
* One net migrant every 11 minutes
* Net gain of one person every 3 minutes

Demographic statistics according to the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Please note:

* figures are for metropolitan France only, not including overseas departments and territories, as former French colonies and protectorates. Algeria and its départements, although they were an integral part of metropolitan France until 1962, are not included in the figures.
* to make comparisons easier, figures provided below are for the territory of metropolitan France within the borders of 2004. This was the real territory of France from 1860 to 1871, and again since 1919. Figures before 1860 have been adjusted to include Savoy and Nice, which only became part of France in 1860. Figures between 1795 and 1815 do not include the French départements in modern-day Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, and Italy, although they were an integral part of France during that period. Figures between 1871 and 1919 have been adjusted to include Alsace and part of Lorraine, which both were at the time part of the German Empire.
* figures before 1801 are modern estimates which do not include for the Roman Empire parts of Gaul that were in Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg; figures from 1801 (included) onwards are based on the official French censuses.

Source:[29]

Year | Population | Year | Population | Year | Population

|
|
|
|
|

50 BC | 2,500,000 | 1806 | 29,648,000 | 1896 | 40,158,000
1 | 5,500,000 | 1811 | 30,271,000 | 1901 | 40,681,000
120 | 7,200,000 | 1816 | 30,573,000 | 1906 | 41,067,000
400 | 5,500,000 | 1821 | 31,578,000 | 1911 | 41,415,000
850 | 7,000,000 | 1826 | 32,665,000 | 1921 | 39,108,000
1226 | 16,000,000 | 1831 | 33,595,000 | 1926 | 40,581,000
1345 | 20,200,000 | 1836 | 34,293,000 | 1931 | 41,524,000
1400 | 16,600,000 | 1841 | 34,912,000 | 1936 | 41,502,000
1457 | 19,700,000 | 1846 | 36,097,000 | 1946 | 40,506,639
1580 | 20,000,000 | 1851 | 36,472,000 | 1954 | 42,777,162
1594 | 18,500,000 | 1856 | 36,715,000 | 1962 | 46,519,997
1600 | 20,000,000 | 1861 | 37,386,000 | 1968 | 49,780,543
1670 | 18,000,000 | 1866 | 38,067,000 | 1975 | 52,655,864
1700 | 21,000,000 | 1872 | 37,653,000 | 1982 | 54,334,871
1715 | 19,200,000 | 1876 | 38,438,000 | 1990 | 56,615,155
1740 | 24,600,000 | 1881 | 39,239,000 | 1999 | 58,520,688
1792 | 28,000,000 | 1886 | 39,783,000 | 2006 | 61,399,733
1801 | 29,361,000 | 1891 | 39,946,000 | 2016 | 64,513,000

### Population growth over time

[edit]

Historical population of France

Source: Louis Henry and Yves Blayo.[30]

Years | 1740 | 1745 | 1750 | 1755 | 1760 | 1765 | 1770 | 1775 | 1780 | 1785 | 1790 | 1795

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Total population in France métropolitaine (in millions) | 24,6 | 24,6 | 24,5 | 25,0 | 25,7 | 26,1 | 26,6 | 27,0 | 27,55 | 27,65 | 28,1 | 28,1
Annual population growth rates (%) | 1 | 3 | 20 | 28 | 14 | 19 | 15 | 21 | 4 | 16 | 0 | 36
Years | 1800 | 1805 | 1810 | 1815 | 1820 | 1825 | 1830 | 1835 | 1840 | 1845 | 1850 | 1855 | 1860

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Total population in France métropolitaine (in millions) | 29,1 | 29,5 | 30,0 | 30,3 | 31,25 | 32,35 | 33,3 | 34,0 | 34,9 | 35,7 | 36,35 | 37,0 | 37,3
Annual population growth rates (%) | 12 | 18 | 10 | 31 | 36 | 29 | 21 | 25 | 24 | 18 | 17 | 9 |

### Life expectancy and mortality

[edit]

See also: List of French departments by life expectancy

Life expectancy in the regions of metropolitan France in 2022 for male[31] Life expectancy in the regions of metropolitan France in 2022 for female[31]

Life expectancy in Metropolitan France from 1818 to 1950. Source: Our World In Data.

Death rate 9.6 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Years  | 1816  | 1820  | 1825  | 1830  | 1835  | 1840  | 1845  | 1850  | 1855  | 1860  | 1865  | 1870[32]

|
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Life expectancy in Metropolitan France  | 40.1  | 39.2  | 38.5  | 39.6  | 39.5  | 40.4  | 43.6  | 43.3  | 37.5  | 43.3  | 40.1  | 36.4
Years  | 1871  | 1872  | 1873  | 1874  | 1875  | 1876  | 1877  | 1878  | 1879  | 1880[32]

|
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Life expectancy in Metropolitan France  | 29.6  | 42.6  | 41.8  | 44.3  | 43.1  | 43.5  | 44.3  | 43.3  | 44.0  | 42.7
Years  | 1881  | 1882  | 1883  | 1884  | 1885  | 1886  | 1887  | 1888  | 1889  | 1890[32]

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Life expectancy in Metropolitan France  | 43.5  | 43.1  | 43.2  | 42.4  | 43.9  | 43.1  | 43.7  | 44.1  | 45.5  | 43.3
Years  | 1891  | 1892  | 1893  | 1894  | 1895  | 1896  | 1897  | 1898  | 1899  | 1900[32]

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Life expectancy in Metropolitan France  | 44.1  | 43.5  | 43.5  | 45.5  | 45.1  | 47.5  | 47.9  | 45.9  | 45.2  | 45.0
Years  | 1901  | 1902  | 1903  | 1904  | 1905  | 1906  | 1907  | 1908  | 1909  | 1910[32]

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Life expectancy in Metropolitan France  | 46.9  | 48.0  | 48.4  | 48.0  | 48.3  | 47.7  | 48.2  | 49.3  | 50.0  | 51.3
Years  | 1911  | 1912  | 1913  | 1914  | 1915  | 1916  | 1917  | 1918  | 1919  | 1920[32]

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Life expectancy in Metropolitan France  | 48.1  | 51.6  | 51.3  | 38.2  | 36.3  | 40.2  | 43.1  | 34.8  | 47.6  | 51.5
Years  | 1921  | 1922  | 1923  | 1924  | 1925  | 1926  | 1927  | 1928  | 1929  | 1930[32]

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Life expectancy in Metropolitan France  | 52.6  | 54.9  | 54.6  | 55.2  | 54.3  | 54.0  | 55.7  | 55.4  | 54.2  | 56.8
Years  | 1931  | 1932  | 1933  | 1934  | 1935  | 1936  | 1937  | 1938  | 1939  | 1940[32]

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Life expectancy in Metropolitan France  | 56.9  | 57.2  | 57,7  | 58.3  | 58.3  | 58.8  | 59.1  | 59.0  | 59.6  | 49.6
Years  | 1941  | 1942  | 1943  | 1944  | 1945  | 1946  | 1947  | 1948  | 1949  | 1950[32]

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Life expectancy in Metropolitan France  | 57.7  | 57.4  | 53.3  | 47.2  | 54.9  | 62.4  | 63.9  | 65.8  | 64.9  | 66.4
Life expectancy in France since 1816 Life expectancy in France since 1960 by sex Period[33] | Life expectancy in
Years  | Period[33] | Life expectancy in
Years

|
|
|

1950–1955  | 67.2  | 1985–1990  | 76.1
1955–1960  | 69.3  | 1990–1995  | 77.3
1960–1965  | 70.7  | 1995–2000  | 78.4
1965–1970  | 71.4  | 2000–2005  | 79.6
1970–1975  | 72.4  | 2005–2010  | 80.9
1975–1980  | 73.6  | 2010–2015  | 81.9
1980–1985  | 74.7  | 2015-2020  | 82.4

### Age structure

[edit]

Age structures of the France métropolitaine from the year 1740 to 2021. Source: Louis Henry and Yves Blayo.[30][34]

Median age (2021 INSEE est.[35])

total: 41.1 years. Country comparison to the world: 40th
male: 39.6 years
female: 42.6 years
Ages  | 1740  | 1745  | 1750  | 1755  | 1760  | 1765  | 1770  | 1775  | 1780  | 1785  | 1790  | 1795

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0–19 years | 42.1  | 42.2  | 41.6  | 41.1  | 41.2  | 41.0  | 41.1  | 40.7  | 40.0  | 40.15  | 40.1  | 40.3
20–59 years | 49.6  | 49.7  | 50.3  | 50.7  | 50.3  | 50.15  | 50  | 50.35  | 51.25  | 51.3  | 51.4  | 50.95
60 years and over | 8.3  | 8.1  | 8.1  | 8.2  | 8.5  | 8.85  | 8.9  | 8.95  | 8.75  | 8.55  | 8.5  | 8.75
Total (%) | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100
This is an average size of a nuclear family in the France métropolitaine of the mid-20th century. Photo taken in the Île de Ré. Ages  | 1800  | 1805  | 1810  | 1815  | 1820  | 1825  | 1830  | 1835  | 1840  | 1845  | 1850  | 1855  | 1860

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0–19 years | 41.0  | 41.25  | 41.1  | 41.6  | 40.7  | 40.55  | 40.6  | 40.25  | 39.6  | 38.95  | 38.4  | 37.7  | 36.95
20–59 years | 50.05  | 49.75  | 49.7  | 48.75  | 49.25  | 49.45  | 49.6  | 50.25  | 50.9  | 51.4  | 51.95  | 52.65  | 52.65
60 years and over | 8.95  | 9.0  | 9.2  | 9.65  | 10.05  | 10.0  | 9.8  | 9.5  | 9.5  | 9.65  | 9.65  | 9.65  | 10.4
Total (%) | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100
Ages  | 2000  | 2010  | 2020  | 2021[34]

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0–19 years | 25.8  | 24.8  | 24.1  | 23.9
20–59 years | 53.8  | 52.6  | 49.4  | 49.3
60–64 years | 4.6  | 6.0  | 6.1  | 6.1
65 years and over | 15.8  | 16.6  | 20.4  | 20.7
Total (%) | 100  | 100  | 100  | 100

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2020 est.))

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 62.4
youth dependency ratio: 28.7
elderly dependency ratio: 33.7
potential support ratio: 3 (2020 est.)

### Fertility

[edit]

Fertility rate of France overtime from 1800 to 2016

France has a high fertility rate compared to other European countries; this rate has increased after reaching a historic low in the early 1990s.

* Total fertility rate: 2.01 children born per woman for metropolitan France and the overseas departments (in 2012),[36] 2.00 for metropolitan France alone (in 2010).[37]
* Mean age of women having their first birth: 29.9 years-old.[38]

The table below gives the average number of children according to the place of birth of women. An immigrant woman is a woman who was born outside France and who did not have French citizenship at birth.[39]

In 2021 there was 11.8 births/1,000 population. Total fertility rate (2020 data by INSEE[3]) 1.83 children born/woman.

Mother's mean age at first birth[40]

28.5 years (2015)
At 1.83 children born per woman,[3] France has the highest total fertility rate in the European Union (as of 2020) | Fertlity rate in 2014[41] | Average number of children in France
(1991–1998)  | Average number of children in country of origin
(1990–1999)

|
|
|

All women living in metropolitan France | 1,99  | 1.74  |
Women born in Metropolitan France  | 1,88  | 1.70  |
Immigrant women  | 2,75  | 2.16  |
Women born in overseas France |  | 1.86  |
Immigrant women (country of birth) |  |
Spain  | 1,81  | 1.52  | 1.23
Italy  | 1,81  | 1.60  | 1.24
Portugal  | 2,02  | 1.96  | 1.49
Other EU  |  | 1.66  | 1.44
Turkey  | 3,12  | 3.21  | 2.16
Other Europe  | 2,22  | 1.68  | 1.41
Algeria  | 3,69  | 2.57  | 1.78
Morocco  | 3,47  | 2.97  | 3.28
Tunisia  | 3,50  | 2.90  | 2.73
Other Africa  | 2,91  | 2.86  | 5.89
Asia (mostly China)  | 2,11  | 1.77  | 2.85
The Americas and Oceania  | 2,23  | 2.00  | 2.54

#### Total fertility rate in the 19th century

[edit]

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.[42]

Years | 1800 | 1801 | 1802 | 1803 | 1804 | 1805 | 1806 | 1807 | 1808 | 1809 | 1810[42]

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Total Fertility Rate in Metropolitan France | 4.41 | 4.36 | 4.31 | 4.26 | 4.21 | 4.16 | 4.1 | 4.05 | 4 | 3.95 | 3.9
Years | 1860 | 1861 | 1862 | 1863 | 1864 | 1865 | 1866 | 1867 | 1868 | 1869 | 1870[42]

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Total Fertility Rate in Metropolitan France | 3.4 | 3.51 | 3.46 | 3.53 | 3.51 | 3.53 | 3.53 | 3.55 | 3.49 | 3.49 | 3.44
Years | 1871 | 1872 | 1873 | 1874 | 1875 | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879 | 1880[42]

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Total Fertility Rate in Metropolitan France | 3.08 | 3.59 | 3.51 | 3.53 | 3.51 | 3.57 | 3.49 | 3.44 | 3.44 | 3.36
Years | 1881 | 1882 | 1883 | 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889 | 1890[42]

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Total Fertility Rate in Metropolitan France | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.38 | 3.38 | 3.32 | 3.26 | 3.22 | 3.16 | 3.12 | 2.95
Years | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 | 1898 | 1899[42]

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Total Fertility Rate in Metropolitan France | 3.03 | 2.96 | 3.02 | 2.94 | 2.86 | 2.98 | 2.92 | 2.87 | 2.88

#### Births by country of birth of the parents

[edit]

About 22% of newborns in France between 2006 and 2008 had at least one foreign-born grandparent (9% born in another European country, 8% born in the Maghreb and 2% born in another region of the world).[18]

As of 2022, 32.4% of newborns in France had at least one foreign-born parent and 28.5% had at least one parent born outside of Europe (EU 28) (parents born in overseas territories are considered as born in France).[15][17]

The table below gives the number of children born in metropolitan France according to the place of birth of both parents.

Birth country of parents  | Years

|

1998  | 1999  | 2000  | 2001  | 2002  | 2003  | 2004  | 2005  | 2006  | 2007  | 2008  | 2009  | 2010  | 2011  | 2012  | 2013  | 2014
Number  | Number  | Number  | Number  | Number  | Number  | Number  | Number  | Number  | Number  | Number  | Number  | Number  | %  | Number  | Number  | Number  | Number  | %
Both parents born in France | 566 447 | 576 537 | 601 268 | 595 286 | 580 999 | 575 985 | 574 687 | 575 659 | 590 163 | 579 515 | 585 427 | 578 052 | 583 600 | 72.7% | 604 077 | 598 473 | 583 864 | 579 106 | 70.75%
One parent born in France, other foreign-born | 101 511 | 98 687 | 101 498 | 102 013 | 103 930 | 106 677 | 110 258 | 114 090 | 119 159 | 119 587 | 121 845 | 125 058 | 129 025 | 16.1% | 119 114 | 119 957 | 119 643 | 123 855 | 15.13%
Father born in EU28, mother born in France | 13 194 | 12 858 | 13 060 | 12 447 | 11 732 | 11 442 | 10 811 | 10 667 | 10 455 | 10 188 | 9 975 | 9 526 | 9 549 | 1.2% | 9 961 | 9 637 | 9 414 | 9 235 | 1.13%
Father not born in EU28, mother born in France | 44 891 | 43 807 | 45 612 | 46 459 | 47 695 | 49 790 | 52 244 | 54 176 | 56 886 | 56 626 | 57 955 | 60 362 | 62 478 | 7.8% | 55 209 | 55 488 | 55 397 | 56 370 | 6.89%
Father born in France, mother born in EU28 | 13 020 | 12 647 | 12 411 | 11 881 | 11 439 | 11 119 | 10 930 | 10 827 | 10 794 | 10 575 | 10 562 | 10 585 | 10 418 | 1.3% | 10 104 | 9 761 | 9 772 | 10 058 | 1.23%
Father born in France, mother not born in EU28 | 30 406 | 29 375 | 30 415 | 31 226 | 33 064 | 34 326 | 36 273 | 38 420 | 41 024 | 42 198 | 43 353 | 44 585 | 46 580 | 5.8% | 43 840 | 45 071 | 45 060 | 48 192 | 5.89%
Both parents foreign-born | 70 122 | 69 567 | 72 016 | 73 646 | 76 701 | 78 802 | 82 871 | 84 606 | 87 574 | 86 883 | 88 772 | 90 310 | 89 599 | 11.2% | 100 203 | 102 617 | 108 003 | 115 604 | 14.12%
Both parents born in EU28 | 6 681 | 6 157 | 5 780 | 5 524 | 5 159 | 5 369 | 5 426 | 5 372 | 5 778 | 5 891 | 6 276 | 6 442 | 6 694 | 0.8% | 7 798 | 8 419 | 8 884 | 9 726 | 1.19%
Both parents not born in EU28 | 60 281 | 60 636 | 63 299 | 65 406 | 68 788 | 70 552 | 74 537 | 76 348 | 78 700 | 78 020 | 79 405 | 80 641 | 79 698 | 9.9% | 89 163 | 91 049 | 95 721 | 102 319 | 12.50%
Father born in EU27, mother not born in EU28 | 1 188 | 1 047 | 1 116 | 1 035 | 1 038 | 1 075 | 1 150 | 1 100 | 1 256 | 1 190 | 1 226 | 1 268 | 1 258 | 0.2% | 1 469 | 1 436 | 1 494 | 1 554 | 0.19%
Father not born in EU27, Mother born in EU28 | 1 972 | 1 727 | 1 821 | 1 681 | 1 716 | 1 806 | 1 758 | 1 786 | 1 840 | 1 782 | 1 865 | 1 959 | 1 949 | 0.2% | 1 773 | 1 713 | 1 904 | 2 005 | 0.24%
Total of newborns | 738 080 | 744 791 | 774 782 | 770 945 | 761 630 | 761 464 | 767 816 | 774 355 | 796 896 | 785 985 | 796 044 | 793 420 | 802 224 | 100% | 823 394 | 821 047 | 811 510 | 818 565 | 100%

#### Births by citizenship of the parents

[edit]

As of 2022, 74.0% of newborns in France had two parents with French citizenship, 14.4% had one French parent, and 11.5% had two non-French parents.[15][43]

The table below gives the number of children born in metropolitan France according to the citizenship of both parents.

Citizenship of parents  | Year

|

1998  | 1999  | 2000  | 2001  | 2002  | 2003  | 2004  | 2005  | 2006  | 2007  | 2008  | 2009  | 2010  | 2011  | 2012  | 2013  | 2014
Number  | Number  | Number  | %  | Number  | Number  | Number  | Number  | Number  | Number  | Number  | Number  | Number  | Number  | %  | Number  | Number  | Number  | Number
Both French parents | 630 995 | 633 788 | 657 576 | 84.9% | 648 506 | 633 294 | 629 014 | 628 062 | 630 481 | 645 879 | 635 082 | 640 596 | 634 153 | 642 816 | 80.1% | 659 834 | 651 577 | 638 576 | 634 027
One French parent, other non-French | 57 897 | 61 577 | 66 636 | 8.6% | 69 954 | 74 590 | 78 318 | 84 013 | 88 965 | 94 888 | 96 314 | 100 464 | 103 704 | 106 622 | 13.3% | 105 767 | 108 905 | 109 809 | 115 647
French mother, father with European citizenship (EU28) | 9 146 | 9 175 | 9 554 | 1.2% | 9 397 | 8 866 | 9 019 | 8 749 | 8 503 | 8 571 | 8 509 | 8 349 | 8 197 | 8 829 | 1.1% | 8 300 | 8 270 | 8 120 | 8 019
French mother, father with non-European citizenship (EU28) | 25 117 | 26 720 | 29 592 | 3.8% | 31 463 | 33 820 | 35 756 | 38 923 | 41 061 | 43 698 | 43 603 | 45 579 | 46 753 | 46 456 | 5.8% | 44 600 | 45 599 | 45 866 | 47 184
French father, mother with European citizenship (EU28) | 7 535 | 7 551 | 7 409 | 1.0% | 7 235 | 7 359 | 7 097 | 7 172 | 7 324 | 7 395 | 7 420 | 7 642 | 7 862 | 7 874 | 1.0% | 7 856 | 7 747 | 7 901 | 8 162
French father, mother with non-European citizenship (EU28) | 16 099 | 18 131 | 20 081 | 2.6% | 21 859 | 24 545 | 26 446 | 29 169 | 32 077 | 35 224 | 36 782 | 38 894 | 40 892 | 43 463 | 5.4% | 45 011 | 47 289 | 47 922 | 52 282
Both non-French parents | 49 188 | 49 426 | 50 570 | 6.5% | 52 485 | 53 746 | 54 132 | 55 741 | 54 909 | 56 129 | 54 589 | 54 984 | 55 563 | 52 786 | 6.6% | 57 793 | 60 565 | 63 125 | 68 891
Both parents with European citizenship (EU28) | 6 715 | 6 359 | 6 166 | 0.8% | 5 808 | 5 507 | 5 589 | 5 670 | 5 667 | 6 085 | 6 214 | 6 623 | 6 803 | 6 958 | 0.9% | 7 895 | 8 556 | 9 176 | 10 217
Both parents with non-European citizenship (EU28) | 41 268 | 41 845 | 42 985 | 5.5% | 45 265 | 46 807 | 46 921 | 48 364 | 47 440 | 48 091 | 46 301 | 46 167 | 46 435 | 43 454 | 5.4% | 47 419 | 49 262 | 50 860 | 55 056
Father with European citizenship (EU28), mother with non-European citizenship (EU28) | 440 | 502 | 565 | 0.1% | 589 | 571 | 685 | 733 | 797 | 937 | 967 | 1 062 | 1 141 | 1 235 | 0.2% | 1 400 | 1 555 | 1 700 | 2 091
Father with non-European citizenship (EU28), mother with European citizenship (EU28) | 765 | 720 | 854 | 0.1% | 823 | 861 | 937 | 974 | 1 005 | 1 016 | 1 107 | 1 132 | 1 184 | 1 139 | 0.2% | 1 079 | 1 192 | 1 389 | 1 527
Total of newborns | 738 080 | 744 791 | 774 782 | 100% | 770 945 | 761 630 | 761 464 | 767 816 | 774 355 | 796 896 | 785 985 | 796 044 | 793 420 | 802 224 | 100% | 823 394 | 821 047 | 811 510 | 818 565

### Population projections

[edit]

The population of France is predicted to hit the 70 million mark between the year 2025/2030 and to overtake Germany's between 2050/2060, with 75.6 million French for 71 million Germans in 2060, while the UK is predicted to overtake France by 2030. By 2080, the population of France is estimated to reach 78.8 million (including the overseas departments, but not the overseas territories).

Population projections of France by the UN up to 2100

Figures from eurostat for metropolitan France and the overseas departments:

Year | Population

|

2010 | 64,677,000
2020 | 67,658,000
2030 | 70,396,000
2040 | 72,767,000
2050 | 74,297,000
2060 | 75,599,000
2070 | 77,109,000
2080 | 78,842,000

Source:[44]

## Vital statistics from 1900

[edit]

Live births and deaths over time in Metropolitan France

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

The vital statistics below refer to France Métropolitaine and do not include the overseas departments, territories and New Caledonia.[45]

| Average population (1 January)  | Live births  | Deaths  | Natural change  | Crude birth rate (per 1000)  | Crude death rate (per 1000).  | Natural change (per 1000)  | Crude Migration Rate (per 1000)  | Total fertility rate[fn 1][42][46] | Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)  | Life expectancy at birth (males)  | Life expectancy at birth (females)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1900  |  | 885,200  | 818,900  | 66,300  | 22.7  | 21.0  | 1.7  |  | 2.80
1901  | 40,710,000  | 917,075  | 825,315  | 91,760  | 22.5  | 20.3  | 2.3  | 0.2  | 2.903
1902  | 40,810,000  | 904,434  | 801,379  | 103,055  | 22.2  | 19.6  | 2.5  | 0  | 2.853
1903  | 40,910,000  | 884,498  | 794,566  | 89,932  | 21.6  | 19.4  | 2.2  | 0  | 2.784
1904  | 41,000,000  | 877,091  | 802,536  | 74,555  | 21.4  | 19.6  | 1.8  | –0.6  | 2.748
1905  | 41,050,000  | 865,604  | 812,338  | 53,266  | 21.1  | 19.8  | 1.3  | –0.1  | 2.706
1906  | 41,100,000  | 864,745  | 820,051  | 44,694  | 21.0  | 20.0  | 1.1  | –1.1  | 2.700
1907  | 41,100,000  | 829,632  | 830,871  | -1,239  | 20.2  | 20.2  | -0.3  | 2.5  | 2.576
1908  | 41,190,000  | 848,982  | 784,415  | 64,567  | 20.6  | 19.0  | 1.6  | –0.4  | 2.636
1909  | 41,240,000  | 824,739  | 792,798  | 31,941  | 20.0  | 19.2  | 0.8  | 1.9  | 2.557
1910  | 41,350,000  | 828,140  | 737,877  | 90,263  | 20.0  | 17.8  | 2.2  | –0.5  | 2.571
1911  | 41,420,000  | 793,506  | 813,653  | -20,147  | 19.2  | 19.6  | -0.5  | 3.2  | 2.462
1912  | 41,530,000  | 801,642  | 726,848  | 74,794  | 19.3  | 17.5  | 1.8  | 0.4  | 2.485
1913  | 41,620,000  | 795,851  | 736,937  | 58,914  | 19.1  | 17.7  | 1.4  | –1.2  | 2.468
1914  | 41,630,000  | 757,931  | 774,931  | -17,000  | 18.2  | 18.6  | -0.4  | –23.9  | 2.335
1915  | 40,620,000  | 482,968  | 747,968  | -265,000  | 11.9  | 18.4  | -6.5  | –8.3  | 1.519
1916  | 40,020,000  | 384,676  | 697,676  | -313,000  | 9.6  | 17.4  | -7.8  | –7.2  | 1.230
1917  | 39,420,000  | 412,744  | 712,744  | -300,000  | 10.5  | 18.1  | -15.2  | –3.8  | 1.342
1918  | 38,670,000  | 472,816  | 867,816  | -395,000  | 12.2  | 22.4  | -10.2  | 8.4  | 1.559
1919  | 38,600,000  | 506,960  | 739,901  | -232,941  | 13.1  | 19.2  | -6.0  | 13.8  | 1.590
1920  | 38,900,000  | 838,137  | 675,676  | 162,461  | 21.5  | 17.4  | 4.2  | 2.0  | 2.695
1921  | 39,140,000  | 816,555  | 697,904  | 118,651  | 20.9  | 17.8  | 3.0  | 1.3  | 2.601
1922  | 39,310,000  | 764,373  | 692,322  | 72,051  | 19.4  | 17.6  | 1.8  | 9.4  | 2.423
1923  | 39,750,000  | 765,888  | 670,326  | 95,562  | 19.3  | 16.9  | 2.4  | 8.2  | 2.407
1924  | 40,170,000  | 757,873  | 683,296  | 74,577  | 18.9  | 17.0  | 1.9  | 5.3  | 2.356
1925  | 40,460,000  | 774,455  | 712,211  | 62,244  | 19.1  | 17.6  | 1.5  | 4.7  | 2.388
1926  | 40,710,000  | 771,690  | 716,966  | 54,724  | 19.0  | 17.6  | 1.3  | 0.2  | 2.368
1927  | 40,770,000  | 748,102  | 679,809  | 68,293  | 18.3  | 16.8  | 1.5  | 1.2  | 2.290
1928  | 40,880,000  | 753,570  | 678,269  | 75,301  | 18.4  | 16.6  | 1.8  | 1.6  | 2.305
1929  | 41,020,000  | 734,140  | 742,732  | -8,592  | 17.9  | 18.1  | -0.2  | 8.0  | 2.241
1930  | 41,340,000  | 754,020  | 652,953  | 101,067  | 18.2  | 15.8  | 2.4  | 2.7  | 2.295
1931  | 41,550,000  | 737,611  | 682,816  | 54,795  | 17.8  | 16.4  | 1.3  | –2.3  | 2.247
1932  | 41,510,000  | 726,299  | 663,705  | 62,594  | 17.5  | 16.0  | 1.5  | –1.3  | 2.226
1933  | 41,520,000  | 682,394  | 664,133  | 18,261  | 16.4  | 16.0  | 0.4  | 0.8  | 2.111
1934  | 41,570,000  | 681,518  | 637,713  | 43,805  | 16.4  | 15.3  | 1.1  | –1.6  | 2.141
1935  | 41,550,000  | 643,870  | 661,722  | -17,852  | 15.5  | 15.9  | -0.4  | –0.8  | 2.070
1936  | 41,500,000  | 634,344  | 645,844  | -11,500  | 15.3  | 15.6  | -0.3  | 1.0  | 2.092
1937  | 41,530,000  | 621,453  | 632,896  | -11,443  | 15.0  | 15.2  | -0.3  | 1.0  | 2.099
1938  | 41,560,000  | 615,582  | 650,832  | -35,250  | 14.8  | 15.7  | -0.8  | –0.4  | 2.128
1939  | 41,510,000  | 615,599  | 645,677  | -30,078  | 14.8  | 15.6  | -0.7  | –19.1  | 2.166
1940  | 40,690,000  | 561,281  | 740,281  | -179,000  | 13.8  | 18.2  | -4.4  | –26.8  | 2.003
1941  | 39,420,000  | 522,261  | 675,261  | -153,000  | 13.2  | 17.1  | -3.9  | –1.2  | 1.854
1942  | 39,220,000  | 575,261  | 656,261  | -81,000  | 14.7  | 16.7  | -2.1  | –7.1  | 2.043
1943  | 38,860,000  | 615,780  | 626,780  | -11,000  | 15.8  | 16.1  | -0.3  | 2.0  | 2.186
1944  | 38,770,000  | 629,878  | 666,878  | -37,000  | 16.2  | 17.2  | -1.0  | 24.0  | 2.249
1945  | 39,660,000  | 645,899  | 643,899  | 2,000  | 16.3  | 16.2  | 0.1  | 11.6  | 2.310
1946  | 40,125,230 [47] | 843,904  | 545,880  | 298,024  | 20.9  | 13.5  | 7.4  | 0.7  | 2.998  | 77.8  | 59.9 | 65.2
1947  | 40,448,254  | 870,472  | 538,157  | 332,315  | 21.4  | 13.2  | 8.2  | 3.2  | 3.037  | 71.1  | 61.2 | 66.7
1948  | 40,910,569  | 870,836  | 513,210  | 357,626  | 21.2  | 12.5  | 8.7  | 1.1  | 3.020  | 55.9  | 62.7 | 68.8
1949  | 41,313,195  | 872,661  | 573,598  | 299,063  | 21.0  | 13.8  | 7.2  | 0.9  | 3.004  | 60.3  | 62.2 | 67.6
1950  | 41,647,258  | 862,310  | 534,480  | 327,830  | 20.6  | 12.8  | 7.8  | 0.9  | 2.947  | 52.0  | 63.4 | 69.2
1951  | 42,010,088  | 826,722  | 565,829  | 260,893  | 19.6  | 13.4  | 6.2  | 0.7  | 2.806  | 50.8  | 63.1 | 68.9
1952  | 42,300,981  | 822,204  | 524,831  | 297,373  | 19.4  | 12.4  | 7.0  | 0.5  | 2.777  | 45.2  | 64.4 | 70.2
1953  | 42,618,354  | 804,696  | 556,983  | 247,713  | 18.8  | 13.0  | 5.8  | 0.5  | 2.704  | 41.9  | 64.3 | 70.3
1954  | 42,885,138  | 810,754  | 518,892  | 291,862  | 18.8  | 12.1  | 6.8  | 1.2  | 2.714  | 40.7  | 65.0 | 71.2
1955  | 43,227,872  | 805,917  | 526,322  | 279,595  | 18.6  | 12.1  | 6.4  | 2.8  | 2.684  | 38.6  | 65.2 | 71.5
1956  | 43,627,467  | 806,916  | 545,700  | 261,216  | 18.4  | 12.4  | 6.0  | 3.9  | 2.674  | 36.2  | 65.2 | 71.7
1957  | 44,058,683  | 816,467  | 532,107  | 284,360  | 18.4  | 12.0  | 6.4  | 5.0  | 2.695  | 33.8  | 65.5 | 72.2
1958  | 44,563,043  | 812,215  | 500,596  | 311,619  | 18.1  | 11.2  | 7.0  | 3.1  | 2.684  | 31.4  | 66.8 | 73.4
1959  | 45,014,662  | 829,249  | 509,114  | 320,135  | 18.3  | 11.3  | 7.1  | 2.9  | 2.752  | 29.6  | 66.8 | 73.2
1960  | 45,464,797  | 819,819  | 520,960  | 298,859  | 17.9  | 11.4  | 6.5  | 3.2  | 2.740  | 27.4  | 67.0 | 73.6
1961  | 45,903,656  | 838,633  | 500,289  | 338,344  | 18.2  | 10.8  | 7.3  | 4.0  | 2.824  | 25.7  | 67.5 | 74.4
1962  | 46,422,000  | 832,353  | 541,147  | 291,206  | 17.7  | 11.5  | 6.2  | 18.6  | 2.796  | 25.7  | 67.0 | 73.9
1963  | 47,573,406  | 868,876  | 557,852  | 311,024  | 18.2  | 11.7  | 6.5  | 3.7  | 2.896  | 25.6  | 66.8 | 73.8
1964  | 48,059,029  | 877,804  | 520,033  | 357,771  | 18.2  | 10.8  | 7.4  | 3.1  | 2.915  | 23.4  | 67.7 | 74.8
1965  | 48,561,800  | 865,688  | 543,696  | 321,992  | 17.8  | 11.2  | 6.6  | 1.5  | 2.849  | 21.9  | 67.5 | 74.7
1966  | 48,953,792  | 863,527  | 528,782  | 334,745  | 17.6  | 10.8  | 6.8  | 1.8  | 2.801  | 21.7  | 67.8 | 75.2
1967  | 49,373,537  | 840,568  | 543,033  | 297,535  | 17.0  | 11.0  | 6.0  | 1.1  | 2.671  | 20.7  | 67.8 | 75.2
1968  | 49,723,072  | 835,796  | 553,441  | 282,355  | 16.7  | 11.1  | 5.7  | 2.0  | 2.588  | 20.4  | 67.8 | 75.2
1969  | 50,107,735  | 842,245  | 573,335  | 268,910  | 16.7  | 11.4  | 5.3  | 3.1  | 2.534  | 19.6  | 67.4 | 75.1
1970  | 50,528,219  | 850,381  | 542,277  | 308,104  | 16.7  | 10.7  | 6.1  | 3.6  | 2.480  | 18.2  | 68.4  | 75.9
1971  | 51,016,234  | 881,284  | 554,151  | 327,133  | 17.2  | 10.8  | 6.4  | 2.8  | 2.497  | 17.2  | 68.3 | 75.9
1972  | 51,485,953  | 877,506  | 549,900  | 327,606  | 17.0  | 10.6  | 6.3  | 2.1  | 2.419  | 16.0  | 68.5 | 76.2
1973  | 51,915,873  | 857,186  | 558,782  | 298,404  | 16.4  | 10.7  | 5.7  | 2.1  | 2.309  | 15.4  | 68.7 | 76.3
1974  | 52,320,725  | 801,218  | 552,551  | 248,667  | 15.3  | 10.5  | 4.7  | 0.6  | 2.112  | 14.6  | 68.9 | 76.7
1975  | 52,600,000  | 745,065  | 560,353  | 184,712  | 14.1  | 10.6  | 3.5  | 0.3  | 1.927  | 13.8  | 69.0 | 76.9
1976  | 52,798,338  | 720,395  | 557,114  | 163,281  | 13.6  | 10.5  | 3.1  | 1.1  | 1.829  | 12.5  | 69.2 | 77.2
1977  | 53,019,005  | 744,744  | 536,221  | 208,523  | 14.0  | 10.1  | 3.9  | 0.9  | 1.862  | 11.4  | 69.7 | 77.8
1978  | 53,271,566  | 737,062  | 546,916  | 190,146  | 13.8  | 10.2  | 3.6  | 0.3  | 1.822  | 10.7  | 69.8 | 77.9
1979  | 53,481,073  | 757,354  | 541,805  | 215,549  | 14.1  | 10.1  | 4.0  | 0.7  | 1.855  | 10.0  | 70.1 | 78.3
1980  | 53,731,387  | 800,376  | 547,107  | 253,269  | 14.9  | 10.2  | 4.7  | 0.8  | 1.945  | 10.0  | 70.2 | 78.4
1981  | 54,028,630  | 805,483  | 554,823  | 250,660  | 14.9  | 10.2  | 4.6  | 1.1  | 1.946  | 9.7  | 70.4 | 78.5
1982  | 54,335,000  | 797,223  | 543,104  | 254,119  | 14.6  | 10.0  | 4.7  | 1.1  | 1.912  | 9.5  | 70.7 | 78.9
1983  | 54,649,984  | 748,525  | 559,655  | 188,870  | 13.7  | 10.2  | 3.4  | 1.1  | 1.784  | 9.1  | 70.7 | 78.8
1984  | 54,894,854  | 759,939  | 542,490  | 217,449  | 13.8  | 9.9  | 4.0  | 0.8  | 1.802  | 8.3  | 71.2 | 79.3
1985  | 55,157,303  | 768,431  | 552,496  | 215,935  | 13.9  | 10.0  | 3.9  | 0.7  | 1.814  | 8.3  | 71.3 | 79.4
1986  | 55,411,238  | 778,468  | 546,926  | 231,542  | 14.0  | 9.8  | 4.2  | 0.7  | 1.831  | 8.0  | 71.5 | 79.7
1987  | 55,681,780  | 767,828  | 527,466  | 240,362  | 13.8  | 9.4  | 4.3  | 0.8  | 1.801  | 7.8  | 72.0 | 80.3
1988  | 55,966,142  | 771,268  | 524,600  | 246,668  | 13.7  | 9.3  | 4.4  | 1.0  | 1.805  | 7.8  | 72.3 | 80.5
1989  | 56,269,810  | 765,473  | 529,283  | 236,190  | 13.6  | 9.4  | 4.2  | 1.3  | 1.788  | 7.5  | 72.5 | 80.6
1990  | 56,577,000  | 762,407  | 526,201  | 236,206  | 13.4  | 9.3  | 4.2  | 0.5  | 1.778  | 7.3  | 72.7 | 81.0
1991  | 56,840,661  | 759,056  | 524,685  | 234,371  | 13.3  | 9.2  | 4.1  | 0.6  | 1.770  | 7.3  | 72.9 | 81.2
1992  | 57,110,533  | 743,658  | 521,530  | 222,128  | 13.0  | 9.1  | 3.9  | 0.6  | 1.733  | 6.8  | 73.2 | 81.5
1993  | 57,369,161  | 711,610  | 532,263  | 179,347  | 12.4  | 9.3  | 3.1  | 0.3  | 1.660  | 6.5  | 73.3 | 81.5
1994  | 57,565,008  | 710,993  | 519,965  | 191,028  | 12.3  | 9.0  | 3.3  | 0  | 1.663  | 5.9  | 73.6 | 81.8
1995  | 57,752,535  | 729,609  | 531,618  | 197,991  | 12.6  | 9.2  | 3.4  | -0.2  | 1.713  | 4.9  | 73.8 | 81.9
1996  | 57,935,959  | 734,338  | 535,775  | 198,563  | 12.7  | 9.2  | 3.4  | -0.3  | 1.733  | 4.8  | 74.1 | 82.0
1997  | 58,116,018  | 726,768 | 530,319 | 196,449  | 12.5 | 9.1 | 3.4  | -0.3  | 1.726  | 4.7  | 74.5 | 82.3
1998  | 58,298,962  | 738,080 | 534,005 | 204,075  | 12.6 | 9.1 | 3.5  | -0.1  | 1.764  | 4.6  | 74.7 | 82.4
1999  | 58,496,613  | 744,791 | 537,661 | 207,130  | 12.7 | 9.2 | 3.5  | 2.7  | 1.791  | 4.3  | 74.9 | 82.5
2000  | 58,858,198  | 774,782 | 530,864 | 243,918  | 13.1 | 9.0 | 4.1  | 2.8  | 1.874  | 4.4  | 75.2 | 82.8
2001  | 59,266,572  | 770,945 | 531,073 | 239,872  | 13.0 | 8.9 | 4.0  | 3.1  | 1.877  | 4.5  | 75.4 | 82.9
2002  | 59,685,899  | 761,630 | 535,144 | 226,486  | 12.7 | 8.9 | 3.8  | 3.2  | 1.864  | 4.1  | 75.7 | 83.0
2003  | 60,101,841  | 761,464 | 552,339 | 209,125  | 12.6 | 9.2 | 3.5  | 3.2  | 1.874  | 4.0  | 75.8 | 82.9
2004  | 60,505,421  | 767,816 | 509,429 | 258,387  | 12.6  | 8.4  | 4.3  | 3.3  | 1.898  | 3.9  | 76.7 | 83.8
2005  | 60,963,264  | 774,355 | 527,533 | 246,822  | 12.7 | 8.6 | 4.0  | 3.2  | 1.920  | 3.6  | 76.7 | 83.8
2006  | 61,399,733  | 796,896 | 516,416 | 280,480  | 12.9 | 8.4 | 4.6  | 1.8  | 1.980  | 3.6  | 77.1 | 84.2
2007  | 61,795,238  | 785,985 | 521,016 | 264,969  | 12.7 | 8.4 | 4.3  | 1.2  | 1.959  | 3.6  | 77.4 | 84.4
2008  | 62,134,866  | 796,044 | 532,131 | 263,913  | 12.8 | 8.5 | 4.2  | 1.1  | 1.990  | 3.6  | 77.6 | 84.3
2009  | 62,465,709  | 793,420 | 538,166 | 255,254  | 12.7 | 8.6 | 4.2  | 0.6  | 1.989  | 3.7  | 77.7 | 84.4
2010  | 62,765,235  | 802,224 | 540,469 | 261,755  | 12.8 | 8.6 | 4.2  | 0.7  | 2.016  | 3.6  | 78.0 | 84.6
2011  | 63,070,344  | 792,996 | 534,795 | 258,201  | 12.5 | 8.5 | 4.1  | 0.7  | 1.996  | 3.5  | 78.4 | 85.0
2012  | 63,375,971  | 790,290 | 559,227 | 231,063  | 12.4 | 8.8 | 3.6  | 1.5  | 1.992  | 3.5  | 78.5 | 84.8
2013  | 63,697,865  | 781,621 | 558,408 | 223,213  | 12.3 | 8.8 | 3.5  | 1.7  | 1.973  | 3.6  | 78.7 | 85.0
2014  | 64,027,958  | 781,167 | 547,003 | 234,164  | 12.2 | 8.5 | 3.6  | 0.7  | 1.974  | 3.5  | 79.2 | 85.4
2015  | 64,300,821  | 760,421 | 581,770 | 178,651  | 11.8 | 9.0 | 2.8  | -0.2  | 1.925  | 3.7  | 79.0 | 85.1
2016  | 64,468,792  | 744,697 | 581,073 | 163,624  | 11.5 | 9.0 | 2.5  | 0.1  | 1.891  | 3.7  | 79.3 | 85.3
2017  | 64,639,133  | 730,242 | 593,606 | 136,636  | 11.3 | 9.2 | 2.1  | 1.1  | 1.858  | 3.9  | 79.5 | 85.3
2018  | 64,844,037  | 719,737 | 596,552 | 123,185  | 11.1 | 9.2 | 1.9  | 2.0  | 1.836  | 3.8  | 79.6 | 85.5
2019  | 65,096,768  | 714,029 | 599,408 | 114,621  | 11.0 | 9.2 | 1.8  | 1.1  | 1.827  | 3.8  | 79.8 | 85.6
2020  | 65,284,389  | 696,664 | 654,599 | 42,065  | 10.7 | 10.0 | 0.6  | 1.9  | 1.786  | 3.6  | 79.2 | 85.2
2021  | 65,447,454  | 701,819 | 644,201 | 57,618  | 10.7 | 9.8 | 0.9  | 1.9  | 1.801  | 3.7  | 79,4 | 85,5
2022  | 65,627,454  | 686,564 | 658,434 | 28,130  | 10.4 | 9.9 | 0.5  | 2.7  | 1.757  | 3.9  | 79,3 | 85,2
2023  | 65,834,837  | 639,700 | 623,200 | 16,500  | 9.7 | 9.5 | 0.2  |  | 1.639  |  |  |

For the purpose of compatibility, all data refers to Metropolitan France

### Current vital statistics for Metropolitan France

[edit]

[48][49]

Period  | Live births  | Deaths  | Natural increase

|
|
|

January - May 2023 | 260,700  | 267,800  | -7,100
January - May 2024 | 258,800  | 267,600  | -8,800
Difference |  -1,900 (-0.73%)  |  -200 (-0,07%)  |  -1,700

### Structure of the population

[edit]

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 01.I.2015): [50]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 31 138 550  | 33 162 271  | 64 300 821  | 100
0–4  | 1 932 140  | 1 847 172  | 3 779 312  | 5.88
5–9  | 2 031 848  | 1 942 222  | 3 974 070  | 6.18
10–14  | 2 024 518  | 1 934 267  | 3 958 786  | 6.16
15–19  | 1 996 718  | 1 892 357  | 3 889 075  | 6.08
20–24  | 1 877 169  | 1 839 475  | 3 716 644  | 5.78
25–29  | 1 882 618  | 1 933 606  | 3 816 224  | 5.93
30–34  | 1 960 633  | 2 030 784  | 3 991 417  | 6.21
35–39  | 1 973 599  | 2 014 489  | 3 988 088  | 6.20
40–44  | 2 155 883  | 2 185 588  | 4 341 471  | 6.75
45–49  | 2 155 308  | 2 206 495  | 4 361 803  | 6.78
50–54  | 2 111 783  | 2 195 431  | 4 307 213  | 6.70
55–59  | 1 992 506  | 2 120 744  | 4 113 250  | 6.40
60–64  | 1 912 839  | 2 077 537  | 3 990 376  | 6.21
65-69  | 1 713 389  | 1 892 099  | 3 605 489  | 5.61
70-74  | 1 138 687  | 1 319 739  | 2 458 426  | 3.82
75-79  | 938 443  | 1 228 941  | 2 167 384  | 3.37
80-84  | 731 105  | 1 133 939  | 1 865 044  | 2.90
85-89  | 420 854  | 829 023  | 1 249 877  | 1.94
90-94  | 161 109  | 427 905  | 589 014  | 0.92
95-99  | 23 412  | 91 245  | 114 657  | 0.18
100+  | 3 989  | 19 212  | 23 202  | 0.04
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 5 988 506  | 5 723 661  | 11 712 167  | 18.21
15–64  | 20 019 056  | 20 496 507  | 40 515 563  | 63.01
65+  | 5 130 988  | 6 942 103  | 12 073 091  | 18.78

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2021) (Excluding diplomatic personnel outside the country and including members of alien armed forces not living in military camps and foreign diplomatic personnel not living in embassies or consulates.): [50]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 31 679 652  | 33 767 802  | 65 447 454  | 100
0–4  | 1 760 893  | 1 687 156  | 3 448 049  | 5.27
5–9  | 1 987 773  | 1 899 786  | 3 887 559  | 5.94
10–14  | 2 094 546  | 1 994 602  | 4 089 148  | 6.25
15–19  | 2 067 605  | 1 953 663  | 4 021 268  | 6.14
20–24  | 1 920 746  | 1 841 850  | 3 762 596  | 5.75
25–29  | 1 790 516  | 1 806 271  | 3 596 787  | 5.50
30–34  | 1 924 391  | 2 013 946  | 3 938 337  | 6.02
35–39  | 1 993 274  | 2 096 326  | 4 089 600  | 6.25
40–44  | 1 982 775  | 2 048 758  | 4 031 533  | 6.16
45–49  | 2 140 131  | 2 174 545  | 4 314 676  | 6.59
50–54  | 2 117 292  | 2 178 427  | 4 295 719  | 6.56
55–59  | 2 074 814  | 2 187 145  | 4 261 959  | 6.51
60–64  | 1 918 243  | 2 101 118  | 4 019 361  | 6.14
65-69  | 1 772 195  | 2 011 386  | 3 783 581  | 5.78
70-74  | 1 673 663  | 1 941 869  | 3 615 532  | 5.52
75-79  | 992 857  | 1 236 666  | 2 229 523  | 3.41
80-84  | 750 113  | 1 068 460  | 1 818 573  | 2.78
85-89  | 478 291  | 865 782  | 1 344 073  | 2.05
90-94  | 193 641  | 481 583  | 675 224  | 1.03
95-99  | 42 044  | 157 385  | 199 429  | 0.30
100-104  | 3 371  | 19 251  | 22 622  | 0.03
105-109  | 384  | 1 575  | 1 959  | <0.01
110+  | 94  | 252  | 346  | <0.01
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 5 843 212  | 5 581 544  | 11 424 756  | 17.46
15–64  | 19 929 787  | 20 402 049  | 40 331 836  | 61.62
65+  | 5 906 653  | 7 784 209  | 13 690 862  | 20.92

### Births in mainland France by place of birth of parents

[edit]

INSEE counts individuals born alive in mainland France according to the detailed place of birth of the parents:[51]

Country of birth of parent | Number of births by country of father (% of total births)(2010) | (2011) | (2012) | (2013) | (2014) | (2015) | (2016) | (2017) | (2018) | (2019) | (2020) | (2021) | (2022) | Number of births by country of mother (% of total births) (2010) | (2011) | (2012) | (2013) | (2014) | (2015) | (2016) | (2017) | (2018) | (2019) | (2020) | (2021) | (2022)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Total | 802 224 (100) | 792 996 (100) | 790 290 (100) | 781 621 (100) | 781 167 (100) | 760 421 (100) | 744 697 (100) | 730 242 (100) | 719 737 (100) | 714 029 (100) | 696 664 (100) | 701 819 (100) | 686 564 (100) | 802 224 (100) | 792 996 (100) | 790 290 (100) | 781 621 (100) | 781 167 (100) | 760 421 (100) | 744 697 (100) | 730 242 (100) | 719 737 (100) | 714 029 (100) | 696 664 (100) | 701 819 (100) |  686 564 (100)
France | 640 598 (79.85) | 632 207 (79.72) | 627 365 (79.38) | 613 424 (78.48) | 608 646 (77.91) | 588 148 (77.35) | 571 275 (76.71) | 555 974 (76.14) | 544 720 (75.68) | 536 243 (75.10) | 524 718 (75.32) | 534 294 (76.13) | 514 002 (74.87) | 655 627 (81.73) | 644 323 (81.25) | 638 518 (80.80) | 624 148 (79.85) | 617 739 (79.08) | 596 823 (78.49) | 579 072 (77.76) | 563 785 (77.21) | 552 501 (77.21) | 543 297 (76.09) | 532 658 (76.46) | 542 566 (77.31) | 523 979 (76.32)
Foreigners | 161 626 (20.15) | 160 789 (20.28) | 162 925 (20.62) | 168 197 (21.52) | 172 521 (22.09) | 172 273 (22.65) | 173 422 (23.29) | 174 268 (23.86) | 175 017 (24.32) | 177 786 (24.90) | 171 946 (24.68) | 167 525 (23.87) | 172 562 (25.13) | 146 597 (18.27) | 148 673 (18.75) | 151 772 (19.20) | 157 473 (20.15) | 163 428 (20.92) | 163 598 (21.51) | 165 625 (22.24) | 166 457 (22.79) | 167 236 (23.24) | 170 732 (23.91) | 164 006 (23.54) | 159 253 (22.69) | 162 585 (23.68)
Foreigners detail : |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Europe | 22 010 (2.74) | 24 795 (3.13) | 25 489 (3.23) | 26 516 (3.39) | 27 545 (3.53) | 28 264 (3.72) | 28 673 (3.85) | 28 794 (3.94) | 28 699 (3.99) | 28 680 (4.02) | 27 904 (4.01) | 28 101 (4.00) | 27 425 (3.99) | 25 331 (3.16) | 26 803 (3.38) | 27 630 (3.50) | 28 951 (3.70) | 30 612 (3.92) | 31 073 (4.09) | 31 908 (4.28) | 32 092 (4.39) | 32 001 (4.45) | 31 792 (4.45) | 30 938 (4.44) | 31 193 (4.44) | 30 388 (4.43)
Portugal | 5 954 (0.74) | 6 299 (0.79) | 6 358 (0.80) | 6 465 (0.83) | 6 615 (0.85) | 6 514 (0.86) | 6 408 (0.86) | 6 100 (0.84) | 5 820 (0.81) | 5 679 (0.80) | 5 303 (0.76) | 5 090 (0.73) | 4 800 (0.70) | 4 349 (0.54) | 4 430 (0.56) | 4 405 (0.56) | 4 593 (0.59) | 4 903 (0.63) | 4 964 (0.65) | 4 967 (0.67) | 4 657 (0.64) | 4 545 (0.63) | 4 499 (0.63) | 4 099 (0.59) | 3 957 (0.56) | 3 869 (0.56)
Romania | 1 866 (0.23) | 2 477 (0.31) | 2 906 (0.37) | 3 076 (0.39) | 3 438 (0.44) | 3 891 (0.51) | 4 297 (0.58) | 4 583 (0.63) | 4 670 (0.65) | 4 813 (0.67) | 4 806 (0.69) | 4 806 (0.68) | 4 612 (0.67) | 2 651 (0.33) | 2 964 (0.37) | 3 434 (0.43) | 3 592 (0.46) | 4 046 (0.52) | 4 453 (0.59) | 4 825 (0.65) | 5 112 (0.70) | 5 059 (0.70) | 5 210 (0.73) | 5 096 (0.73) | 5 127 (0.73) | 4 872 (0.71)
Italy | 1 458 (0.18) | 1 584 (0.20) | 1 550 (0.20) | 1 521 (0.19) | 1 628 (0.21) | 1 753 (0.23) | 1 788 (0.24) | 1 752 (0.24) | 1 770 (0.25) | 1 867 (0.26) | 1 857 (0.27) | 1 992 (0.28) | 1 894 (0.28) | 1 231 (0.15) | 1 283 (0.16) | 1 278 (0.16) | 1 320 (0.17) | 1 440 (0.18) | 1 520 (0.20) | 1 652 (0.22) | 1 702 (0.23) | 1 817 (0.25) | 1 830 (0.26) | 1 993 (0.29) | 2 123 (0.30) | 2 069 (0.30)
Serbia | 1 489 (0.19) | 1 723 (0.22) | 1 788 (0.23) | 1 908 (0.24) | 1 896 (0.24) | 1 882 (0.25) | 1 815 (0.24) | 1 888 (0.26) | 1 880 (0.26) | 1 822 (0.26) | 1 688 (0.24) | 1 670 (0.24) | 1 558 (0.23) | 1 535 (0.19) | 1 656 (0.21) | 1 660 (0.21) | 1 791 (0.23) | 1 753 (0.22) | 1 795 (0.24) | 1 715 (0.23) | 1 809 (0.25) | 1 771 (0.25) | 1 697 (0.24) | 1 607 (0.23) | 1 518 (0.22) | 1 431 (0.21)
Belgium | 1 828 (0.23) | 1 902 (0.24) | 1 947 (0.25) | 1 888 (0.24) | 1 846 (0.24) | 1 743 (0.23) | 1 659 (0.22) | 1 556 (0.21) | 1 531 (0.21) | 1 595 (0.22) | 1 538 (0.22) | 1 602 (0.23) | 1 555 (0.23) | 1 919 (0.24) | 1 904 (0.24) | 1 824 (0.23) | 1 787 (0.23) | 1 714 (0.22) | 1 591 (0.21) | 1 596 (0.21) | 1 544 (0.21) | 1 502 (0.21) | 1 498 (0.21) | 1 526 (0.22) | 1 603 (0.23) | 1 499 (0.22)
Russia | 840 (0.10) | 1 387 (0.17) | 1 606 (0.20) | 1 645 (0.21) | 1 675 (0.21) | 1 712 (0.23) | 1 599 (0.21) | 1 653 (0.23) | 1 609 (0.22) | 1 554 (0.22) | 1 453 (0.21) | 1 371 (0.20) | 1 339 (0.20) | 1 828 (0.23) | 2 373 (0.30) | 2 646 (0.33) | 2 715 (0.35) | 2 817 (0.36) | 2 779 (0.37) | 2 722 (0.37) | 2 711 (0.37) | 2 520 (0.35) | 2 560 (0.36) | 2 404 (0.35) | 2 253 (0.32) | 2 161 (0.31)
Germany | 1 548 (0.19) | 1 690 (0.21) | 1 562 (0.20) | 1 529 (0.20) | 1 564 (0.20) | 1 470 (0.19) | 1 427 (0.19) | 1 384 (0.19) | 1 332 (0.19) | 1 282 (0.18) | 1 259 (0.18) | 1 260 (0.18) | 1 206 (0.18) | 1 963 (0.24) | 1 928 (0.24) | 1 870 (0.24) | 1 820 (0.23) | 1 881 (0.24) | 1 730 (0.23) | 1 805 (0.24) | 1 666 (0.23) | 1 700 (0.24) | 1 640 (0.23) | 1 535 (0.22) | 1 566 (0.22) | 1 365 (0.20)
Spain | 912 (0.11) | 1 046 (0.13) | 1 059 (0.13) | 1 070 (0.14) | 1 181 (0.15) | 1 312 (0.17) | 1 344 (0.18) | 1 197 (0.16) | 1 233 (0.17) | 1 193 (0.17) | 1 276 (0.18) | 1 162 (0.17) | 1 142 (0.17) | 1 129 (0.14) | 1 191 (0.15) | 1 177 (0.15) | 1 366 (0.17) | 1 471 (0.19) | 1 598 (0.21) | 1 639 (0.22) | 1 527 (0.21) | 1 630 (0.23) | 1 548 (0.22) | 1 575 (0.23) | 1 681 (0.24) | 1 542 (0.22)
United Kingdom | 1 866 (0.23) | 1 487 (0.19) | 1 309 (0.17) | 1 359 (0.17) | 1 194 (0.15) | 1 170 (0.15) | 1 154 (0.15) | 1 139 (0.16) | 1 080 (0.15) | 1 015 (0.14) | 977 (0.14) | 1 094 (0.16) | 1 017 (0.15) | 1 407 (0.18) | 1 401 (0.18) | 1 290 (0.16) | 1 230 (0.16) | 1 220 (0.16) | 1 139 (0.15) | 1 131 (0.15) | 1 152 (0.16) | 1 132 (0.16) | 1 085 (0.15) | 1 005 (0.14) | 1 100 (0.16) | 1 029 (0.15)
Bulgaria | 283 (0.04) | 359 (0.05) | 418 (0.05) | 449 (0.06) | 512 (0.07) | 541 (0.07) | 625 (0.08) | 637 (0.09) | 695 (0.10) | 714 (0.10) | 756 (0.11) | 682 (0.10) | 677 (0.10) | 525 (0.07) | 537 (0.07) | 634 (0.08) | 718 (0.09) | 769 (0.10) | 797 (0.10) | 870 (0.12) | 851 (0.12) | 911 (0.13) | 901 (0.13) | 948 (0.14) | 877 (0.12) | 863 (0.13)
Switzerland | 662 (0.08) | 683 (0.09) | 655 (0.08) | 663 (0.08) | 661 (0.08) | 674 (0.09) | 721 (0.10) | 633 (0.09) | 637 (0.09) | 630 (0.09) | 643 (0.09) | 700 (0.10) | 621 (0.09) | 750 (0.09) | 679 (0.09) | 747 (0.09) | 742 (0.09) | 712 (0.09) | 732 (0.10) | 708 (0.10) | 680 (0.10) | 734 (0.10) | 741 (0.10) | 713 (0.10) | 718 (0.10) | 679 (0.10)
Poland | 1 026 (0.13) | 1 026 (0.13) | 1 070 (0.14) | 1 088 (0.14) | 1 115 (0.14) | 1 135 (0.15) | 1 072 (0.14) | 1 054 (0.14) | 991 (0.14) | 869 (0.12) | 759 (0.11) | 705 (0.10) | 590 (0.09) | 1 941 (0.24) | 1 905 (0.24) | 1 934 (0.24) | 1 940 (0.25) | 2 038 (0.26) | 1 981 (0.26) | 1 847 (0.25) | 1 829 (0.25) | 1 682 (0.23) | 1 462 (0.20) | 1 398 (0.20) | 1 309 (0.19) | 1 025 (0.15)
Netherlands | 389 (0.05) | 346 (0.04) | 320 (0.04) | 343 (0.04) | 320 (0.04) | 314 (0.04) | 267 (0.04) | 267 (0.04) | 261 (0.04) | 235 (0.03) | 264 (0.04) | 280 (0.04) | 285 (0.04) | 408 (0.05) | 425 (0.05) | 381 (0.05) | 399 (0.05) | 353 (0.05) | 353 (0.05) | 339 (0.05) | 381 (0.05) | 337 (0.05) | 304 (0.04) | 330 (0.05) | 328 (0.05) | 348 (0.05)
Greece | 98 (0.01) | 70 (0.01) | 72 (0.01) | 119 (0.02) | 121 (0.02) | 110 (0.01) | 127 (0.02) | 100 (0.01) | 105 (0.01) | 127 (0.02) | 115 (0.02) | 119 (0.02) | 116 (0.02) | 102 (0.01) | 105 (0.01) | 123 (0.02) | 138 (0.02) | 159 (0.02) | 142 (0.02) | 179 (0.02) | 149 (0.02) | 159 (0.02) | 160 (0.02) | 152 (0.02) | 188 (0.03) | 163 (0.02)
Luxembourg | 75 (0.01) | 75 (0.01) | 91 (0.01) | 74 (0.01) | 78 (0.01) | 87 (0.01) | 85 (0.01) | 87 (0.01) | 91 (0.01) | 96 (0.01) | 86 (0.01) | 80 (0.01) | 87 (0.01) | 77 (0.01) | 69 (0.01) | 67 (0.01) | 78 (0.01) | 76 (0.01) | 73 (0.01) | 94 (0.01) | 99 (0.01) | 82 (0.01) | 83 (0.01) | 85 (0.01) | 62 (0.01) | 87 (0.01)
Ireland | 139 (0.02) | 131 (0.02) | 131 (0.02) | 107 (0.01) | 105 (0.01) | 110 (0.01) | 105 (0.01) | 94 (0.01) | 91 (0.01) | 105 (0.01) | 100 (0.01) | 103 (0.01) | 84 (0.01) | 159 (0.02) | 153 (0.02) | 121 (0.02) | 143 (0.02) | 138 (0.02) | 108 (0.01) | 96 (0.01) | 93 (0.01) | 101 (0.01) | 88 (0.01) | 72 (0.01) | 97 (0.01) | 90 (0.01)
Hungary | 82 (0.01) | 92 (0.01) | 104 (0.01) | 98 (0.01) | 136 (0.02) | 115 (0.02) | 129 (0.02) | 95 (0.01) | 115 (0.02) | 113 (0.02) | 90 (0.01) | 87 (0.01) | 78 (0.01) | 155 (0.02) | 176 (0.02) | 200 (0.03) | 196 (0.03) | 228 (0.03) | 235 (0.03) | 240 (0.03) | 220 (0.03) | 221 (0.03) | 226 (0.03) | 196 (0.03) | 212 (0.03) | 186 (0.03)
Sweden | 90 (0.01) | 77 (0.01) | 66 (0.01) | 65 (0.01) | 71 (0.01) | 80 (0.01) | 66 (0.01) | 44 (0.01) | 59 (0.01) | 44 (0.01) | 59 (0.01) | 55 (0.08) | 59 (0.01) | 182 (0.02) | 169 (0.02) | 136 (0.02) | 159 (0.02) | 161 (0.02) | 125 (0.02) | 150 (0.02) | 120 (0.02) | 118 (0.02) | 110 (0.02) | 106 (0.02) | 108 (0.02) | 104 (0.02)
Slovakia | 46 (0.01) | 59 (0.01) | 60 (0.01) | 59 (0.01) | 70 (0.01) | 64 (0.01) | 82 (0.01) | 56 (0.01) | 70 (0.10) | 77 (0.01) | 66 (0.01) | 57 (0.01) | 58 (0.01) | 151 (0.02) | 152 (0.02) | 165 (0.02) | 180 (0.02) | 187 (0.02) | 172 (0.02) | 172 (0.02) | 169 (0.02) | 154 (0.02) | 163 (0.02) | 134 (0.02) | 145 (0.02) | 133 (0.02)
Austria | 63 (0.01) | 64 (0.01) | 58 (0.01) | 63 (0.01) | 65 (0.01) | 58 (0.01) | 41 (0.01) | 45 (0.01) | 58 (0.01) | 58 (0.01) | 47 (0.01) | 47 (0.01) | 39 (0.01) | 93 (0.01) | 83 (0.01) | 97 (0.01) | 85 (0.01) | 106 (0.01) | 87 (0.01) | 89 (0.01) | 91 (0.01) | 71 (0.01) | 82 (0.01) | 69 (0.01) | 64 (0.01) | 71 (0.01)
Denmark | 54 (0.01) | 46 (0.01) | 35 (0.00) | 42 (0.01) | 34 (0.00) | 46 (0.01) | 47 (0.01) | 22 (0.00) | 37 (0.01) | 34 (0.00) | 39 (0.01) | 37 (0.01) | 36 (0.01) | 89 (0.01) | 70 (0.01) | 67 (0.01) | 66 (0.01) | 64 (0.01) | 52 (0.01) | 59 (0.01) | 47 (0.01) | 45 (0.01) | 40 (0.01) | 42 (0.01) | 47 (0.01) | 39 (0.01)
Czech Republic | 50 (0.01) | 58 (0.01) | 68 (0.01) | 58 (0.01) | 54 (0.01) | 72 (0.01) | 60 (0.01) | 53 (0.01) | 46 (0.01) | 42 (0.01) | 55 (0.01) | 44 (0.01) | 35 (0.01) | 161 (0.02) | 155 (0.02) | 165 (0.02) | 160 (0.02) | 185 (0.02) | 161 (0.02) | 173 (0.02) | 150 (0.02) | 158 (0.02) | 171 (0.02) | 156 (0.02) | 143 (0.02) | 126 (0.02)
Latvia | 12 (0.00) | 28 (0.00) | 19 (0.00) | 20 (0.00) | 30 (0.00) | 34 (0.00) | 39 (0.01) | 28 (0.00) | 26 (0.00) | 21 (0.00) | 28 (0.00) | 31 (0.00) | 31 (0.00) | 61 (0.01) | 69 (0.01) | 63 (0.01) | 89 (0.01) | 84 (0.01) | 78 (0.01) | 91 (0.01) | 96 (0.01) | 85 (0.01) | 113 (0.02) | 79 (0.01) | 92 (0.01) | 87 (0.01)
Lithuania | 25 (0.00) | 41 (0.01) | 34 (0.00) | 38 (0.00) | 40 (0.01) | 44 (0.01) | 45 (0.01) | 27 (0.00) | 41 (0.01) | 38 (0.01) | 40 (0.01) | 42 (0.01) | 25 (0.00) | 96 (0.01) | 132 (0.02) | 109 (0.01) | 114 (0.01) | 112 (0.01) | 112 (0.01) | 138 (0.02) | 113 (0.02) | 128 (0.02) | 116 (0.02) | 116 (0.02) | 118 (0.02) | 101 (0.01)
Finland | 27 (0.00) | 19 (0.00) | 19 (0.00) | 23 (0.00) | 28 (0.00) | 19 (0.00) | 16 (0.00) | 19 (0.00) | 15 (0.00) | 17 (0.00) | 13 (0.00) | 23 (0.00) | 25 (0.00) | 72 (0.01) | 65 (0.01) | 67 (0.01) | 77 (0.01) | 70 (0.01) | 48 (0.01) | 57 (0.01) | 68 (0.01) | 56 (0.01) | 40 (0.01) | 46 (0.01) | 52 (0.01) | 50 (0.01)
Norway | 31 (0.00) | 37 (0.00) | 25 (0.00) | 33 (0.00) | 33 (0.00) | 22 (0.00) | 22 (0.00) | 28 (0.00) | 19 (0.00) | 25 (0.00) | 24 (0.00) | 34 (0.00) | 19 (0.00) | 48 (0.01) | 43 (0.01) | 45 (0.01) | 40 (0.01) | 42 (0.01) | 38 (0.00) | 36 (0.00) | 37 (0.01) | 33 (0.00) | 39 (0.01) | 37 (0.01) | 38 (0.01) | 34 (0.00)
Czechoslovakia | 36 (0.00) | 37 (0.00) | 33 (0.00) | 30 (0.00) | 43 (0.01) | 26 (0.00) | 25 (0.00) | 34 (0.00) | 21 (0.00) | 19 (0.02) | 18 (0.00) | 19 (0.00) | 14 (0.00) | 83 (0.01) | 65 (0.01) | 77 (0.01) | 88 (0.01) | 90 (0.01) | 81 (0.01) | 80 (0.01) | 73 (0.01) | 82 (0.01) | 56 (0.01) | 40 (0.01) | 44 (0.01) | 27 (0.00)
Slovenia | 7 (0.00) | 7 (0.00) | 11 (0.00) | 13 (0.00) | 13 (0.00) | 19 (0.00) | 19 (0.00) | 3 (0.00) | 10 (0.00) | 12 (0.00) | 12 (0.00) | 9 (0.00) | 11 (0.00) | 25 (0.00) | 31 (0.00) | 16 (0.00) | 30 (0.00) | 20 (0.00) | 30 (0.00) | 25 (0.00) | 18 (0.00) | 34 (0.00) | 24 (0.00) | 25 (0.00) | 17 (0.00) | 24 (0.00)
Cyprus | 12 (0.00) | 9 (0.00) | 6 (0.00) | 11 (0.00) | 5 (0.00) | 11 (0.00) | 3 (0.00) | 8 (0.00) | 3 (0.00) | 7 (0.00) | 10 (0.00) | 13 (0.00) | 10 (0.00) | 13 (0.00) | 10 (0.00) | 5 (0.00) | 10 (0.00) | 10 (0.00) | 14 (0.00) | 13 (0.00) | 12 (0.00) | 17 (0.00) | 18 (0.00) | 15 (0.00) | 14 (0.00) | 13 (0.00)
Malta | 10 (0.00) | 7 (0.00) | 4 (0.00) | 7 (0.00) | 6 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 7 (0.00) | 3 (0.00) | 3 (0.00) | 1 (0.00) | 1 (0.00) | 1 (0.00) | 5 (0.00) | 6 (0.00) | 2 (0.00) | 2 (0.00) | 3 (0.00) | 8 (0.00) | 4 (0.00) | 2 (0.00) | 5 (0.00) | 3 (0.00) | 4 (0.00) | 6 (0.00) | 3 (0.00) | 4 (0.00)
Estonia | 9 (0.00) | 9 (0.00) | 3 (0.00) | 11 (0.00) | 7 (0.00) | 7 (0.00) | 10 (0.00) | 13 (0.00) | 11 (0.00) | 6 (0.00) | 7 (0.00) | 12 (0.00) | 4 (0.00) | 34 (0.00) | 34 (0.00) | 35 (0.00) | 40 (0.01) | 52 (0.01) | 45 (0.01) | 28 (0.00) | 56 (0.01) | 39 (0.01) | 39 (0.01) | 29 (0.00) | 37 (0.01) | 39 (0.01)
Iceland | 6 (0.00) | 4 (0.00) | 3 (0.00) | 6 (0.00) | 5 (0.00) | 4 (0.00) | 4 (0.00) | 5 (0.00) | 4 (0.00) | 4 (0.00) | 2 (0.00) | 4 (0.00) | 1 (0.00) | 7 (0.00) | 4 (0.00) | 8 (0.00) | 3 (0.00) | 7 (0.00) | 3 (0.00) | 6 (0.00) | 4 (0.00) | 5 (0.00) | 4 (0.00) | 4 (0.00) | 3 (0.00) | 4 (0.00)
Other European countries | 1 464 (0.18) | 1 916 (0.24) | 2 099 (0.27) | 2 635 (0.34) | 2 956 (0.38) | 3 225 (0.42) | 3 565 (0.48) | 4 187 (0.57) | 4 365 (0.61) | 4 566 (0.64) | 4 513 (0.65) | 4 870 (0.69) | 5 392 (0.79) | 2 081 (0.26) | 2 540 (0.32) | 2 782 (0.35) | 3 239 (0.41) | 3 696 (0.47) | 4 033 (0.53) | 4 364 (0.59) | 4 851 (0.66) | 5 070 (0.70) | 5 241 (0.73) | 5 300 (0.76) | 5 549 (0.79) | 6 254 (0.91)
North Africa | 67 073 (8.36) | 70 630 (8.91) | 71 120 (9.00) | 73 032 (9.34) | 74 228 (9.50) | 73 261 (9.63) | 72 808 (9.78) | 71 886 (9.84) | 70 654 (9.82) | 69 845 (9.78) | 66 174 (9.50) | 62 218 (8.87) | 62 811 (9.15) | 58 124 (7.25) | 58 947 (7.43) | 59 694 (7.55) | 62 286 (7.97) | 64 088 (8.20) | 64 022 (8.42) | 64 081 (8.60) | 63 763 (8.73) | 62 963 (8.75) | 62 900 (8.81) | 58 767 (8.44) | 54 920 (7.83) | 54 906 (8.00)
Algeria | 27 817 (3.47) | 28 628 (3.61) | 29 193 (3.69) | 30 278 (3.87) | 30 909 (3.96) | 30 930 (4.07) | 31 405 (4.22) | 30 693 (4.20) | 30 583 (4.25) | 30 080 (4.21) | 28 382 (4.07) | 26 349 (3.75) | 26 981 (3.93) | 25 847 (3.22) | 25 831 (3.26) | 26 408 (3.34) | 27 905 (3.57) | 28 899 (3.70) | 29 240 (3.85) | 29 984 (4.03) | 29 256 (4.01) | 29 102 (4.04) | 28 780 (4.03) | 26 469 (3.80) | 24 257 (3.46) | 24 329 (3.54)
Morocco | 27 689 (3.45) | 29 678 (3.74) | 29 237 (3.70) | 29 356 (3.76) | 29 661 (3.80) | 28 610 (3.76) | 27 779 (3.73) | 27 617 (3.78) | 26 441 (3.67) | 25 881 (3.62) | 24 300 (3.49) | 22 718 (3.24) | 22 214 (3.24) | 25 074 (3.13) | 25 563 (3.22) | 25 367 (3.21) | 25 908 (3.31) | 26 283 (3.36) | 25 719 (3.38) | 24 891 (3.34) | 25 304 (3.47) | 24 372 (3.39) | 24 016 (3.36) | 22 547 (3.24) | 20 959 (2.99) | 20 564 (3.00)
Tunisia | 10 607 (1.32) | 11 466 (1.45) | 11 812 (1.49) | 12 404 (1.59) | 12 640 (1.62) | 12 697 (1.67) | 12 565 (1.69) | 12 521 (1.71) | 12 513 (1.74) | 12 765 (1.79) | 12 398 (1.78) | 12 074 (1.72) | 12 604 (1.84) | 6 737 (0.84) | 7 138 (0.90) | 7 517 (0.95) | 7 980 (1.02) | 8 424 (1.08) | 8 561 (1.13) | 8 692 (1.17) | 8 655 (1.19) | 8 867 (1.23) | 9 504 (1.33) | 9 167 (1.32) | 9 106 (1.30) | 9 492 (1.38)
Egypt | 960 (0.12) | 858 (0.11) | 878 (0.11) | 994 (0.13) | 1 018 (0.13) | 1 024 (0.13) | 1 059 (0.14) | 1 055 (0.14) | 1 117 (0.16) | 1 119 (0.16) | 1 094 (0.16) | 1 077 (0.15) | 1 012 (0.15) | 466 (0.06) | 415 (0.05) | 402 (0.05) | 493 (0.06) | 482 (0.06) | 502 (0.07) | 514 (0.07) | 548 (0.08) | 622 (0.09) | 600 (0.08) | 584 (0.08) | 598 (0.09) | 521 (0.08)
Black Africa/Non-French West Indies | 29 814 (3.72) | 38 285 (4.83) | 39 277 (4.97) | 41 445 (5.30) | 43 086 (5.52) | 44 093 (5.80) | 45 106 (6.06) | 47 280 (6.47) | 49 869 (6.93) | 53 268 (7.46) | 53 092 (7.62) | 53 240 (7.59) | 57 496 (8.37) | 31 598 (3.94) | 34 523 (4.35) | 35 367 (4.48) | 37 365 (4.78) | 39 043 (5.00) | 39 591 (5.21) | 40 600 (5.45) | 42 316 (5.79) | 44 453 (6.18) | 47 923 (6.71) | 47 420 (6.81) | 46 965 (6.69) | 50 682 (7.38)
Ivory Coast | 2 209 (0.28) | 3 446 (0.43) | 3 658 (0.46) | 4 093 (0.52) | 4 360 (0.56) | 4 470 (0.59) | 4 601 (0.62) | 5 082 (0.70) | 5 715 (0.79) | 6 832 (0.96) | 6 915 (0.99) | 7 150 (1.02) | 8 388 (1.22) | 2 483 (0.31) | 3 257 (0.41) | 3 535 (0.45) | 3 829 (0.49) | 4 077 (0.52) | 4 144 (0.54) | 4 308 (0.58) | 4 817 (0.66) | 5 445 (0.76) | 6 403 (0.90) | 6 295 (0.90) | 6 500 (0.93) | 7 647 (1.11)
Congo | 3 908 (0.49) | 6 367 (0.80) | 6 361 (0.80) | 6 752 (0.86) | 6 872 (0.88) | 6 823 (0.90) | 7 022 (0.94) | 7 317 (1.00) | 7 444 (1.03) | 7 299 (1.02) | 7 050 (1.01) | 6 697 (0.95) | 6 867 (1.00) | 4 000 (0.50) | 5 612 (0.71) | 5 772 (0.73) | 6 119 (0.78) | 6 372 (0.82) | 6 210 (0.82) | 6 384 (0.86) | 6 560 (0.90) | 6 603 (0.92) | 6 519 (0.91) | 6 153 (0.88) | 5 929 (0.84) | 6 003 (0.87)
Senegal | 3 811 (0.48) | 4 354 (0.55) | 4 679 (0.59) | 4 966 (0.64) | 5 213 (0.67) | 5 274 (0.69) | 5 352 (0.72) | 5 570 (0.76) | 5 915 (0.82) | 6 090 (0.85) | 6 061 (0.87) | 5 969 (0.85) | 6 347 (0.92) | 3 548 (0.44) | 3 589 (0.45) | 3 901 (0.49) | 4 107 (0.53) | 4 330 (0.55) | 4 279 (0.56) | 4 348 (0.58) | 4 581 (0.63) | 4 761 (0.66) | 4 954 (0.69) | 5 039 (0.72) | 4 798 (0.68) | 5 244 (0.76)
Guinea | 1 356 (0.17) | 1 895 (0.24) | 2 045 (0.26) | 2 214 (0.28) | 2 390 (0.31) | 2 526 (0.33) | 2 593 (0.35) | 2 990 (0.41) | 3 179 (0.44) | 4 412 (0.62) | 4 543 (0.65) | 4 950 (0.71) | 5 659 (0.82) | 1 499 (0.19) | 1 756 (0.22) | 1 858 (0.24) | 1 970 (0.25) | 2 136 (0.27) | 2 251 (0.30) | 2 279 (0.31) | 2 595 (0.36) | 2 792 (0.39) | 3 852 (0.54) | 3 936 (0.56) | 4 203 (0.60) | 4 814 (0.70)
Mali | 3 875 (0.48) | 4 407 (0.56) | 4 337 (0.54) | 4 504 (0.58) | 4 476 (0.57) | 4 492 (0.59) | 4 429 (0.59) | 4 732 (0.65) | 4 799 (0.67) | 4 755 (0.67) | 4 786 (0.69) | 4 847 (0.69) | 5 073 (0.74) | 3 129 (0.39) | 3 061 (0.39) | 2 959 (0.37) | 3 143 (0.40) | 3 079 (0.39) | 3 074 (0.40) | 3 263 (0.44) | 3 272 (0.45) | 3 412 (0.47) | 3 413 (0.48) | 3 391 (0.49) | 3 379 (0.48) | 3 541 (0.52)
Comoros | 2 033 (0.25) | 2 535 (0.32) | 2 840 (0.36) | 2 803 (0.36) | 2 902 (0.37) | 3 097 (0.41) | 3 156 (0.42) | 3 494 (0.48) | 3 564 (0.50) | 3 751 (0.53) | 3 705 (0.53) | 3 796 (0.54) | 3 948 (0.58) | 2 090 (0.26) | 2 208 (0.28) | 2 298 (0.29) | 2 386 (0.31) | 2 513 (0.32) | 2 679 (0.35) | 2 689 (0.36) | 2 952 (0.40) | 3 077 (0.43) | 3 237 (0.45) | 3 191 (0.46) | 3 229 (0.46) | 3 408 (0.50)
Cameroon | 2 311 (0.29) | 2 778 (0.35) | 2 743 (0.35) | 2 882 (0.37) | 3 057 (0.39) | 3 170 (0.42) | 3 387 (0.45) | 3 269 (0.45) | 3 593 (0.50) | 3 750 (0.53) | 3 652 (0.52) | 3 715 (0.53) | 3 898 (0.57) | 3 235 (0.40) | 3 200 (0.40) | 3 110 (0.39) | 3 272 (0.42) | 3 409 (0.44) | 3 424 (0.45) | 3 568 (0.48) | 3 370 (0.46) | 3 608 (0.50) | 3 675 (0.51) | 3 600 (0.52) | 3 500 (0.50) | 3 647 (0.53)
Nigeria | 343 (0.04) | 532 (0.07) | 578 (0.07) | 683 (0.09) | 817 (0.10) | 954 (0.13) | 1 034 (0.14) | 1 226 (0.17) | 1 525 (0.21) | 1 949 (0.27) | 1 792 (0.26) | 1 810 (0.26) | 1 698 (0.25) | 585 (0.07) | 676 (0.09) | 776 (0.10) | 948 (0.12) | 1 014 (0.13) | 1 082 (0.14) | 1 139 (0.15) | 1 317 (0.18) | 1 686 (0.23) | 2 078 (0.29) | 1 911 (0.27) | 1 871 (0.27) | 1 758 (0.26)
Haiti | 1 408 (0.18) | 1 795 (0.23) | 1 747 (0.22) | 1 695 (0.22) | 1 770 (0.23) | 1 714 (0.23) | 1 780 (0.24) | 1 809 (0.25) | 1 716 (0.24) | 1 679 (0.24) | 1 655 (0.24) | 1 639 (0.23) | 1 611 (0.23) | 1 706 (0.21) | 1 718 (0.22) | 1 650 (0.21) | 1 636 (0.21) | 1 641 (0.21) | 1 632 (0.21) | 1 663 (0.22) | 1 666 (0.23) | 1 617 (0.22) | 1 605 (0.22) | 1 522 (0.22) | 1 522 (0.22) | 1 504 (0.22)
Madagascar | 1 414 (0.18) | 1 530 (0.19) | 1 463 (0.19) | 1 552 (0.20) | 1 463 (0.19) | 1 426 (0.19) | 1 356 (0.18) | 1 296 (0.18) | 1 431 (0.20) | 1 352 (0.19) | 1 408 (0.20) | 1 382 (0.20) | 1 311 (0.19) | 2 185 (0.27) | 2 142 (0.27) | 2 024 (0.26) | 2 101 (0.27) | 2 081 (0.27) | 2 031 (0.27) | 1 960 (0.26) | 1 937 (0.27) | 1 938 (0.27) | 2 041 (0.29) | 2 057 (0.30) | 1 962 (0.28) | 1 920 (0.28)
Mauritania | 793 (0.10) | 999 (0.13) | 965 (0.12) | 1 053 (0.13) | 1 061 (0.14) | 1 080 (0.14) | 1 101 (0.15) | 1 092 (0.15) | 1 107 (0.15) | 1 135 (0.16) | 1 137 (0.16) | 1 096 (0.16) | 1 237 (0.18) | 524 (0.07) | 583 (0.07) | 593 (0.08) | 622 (0.08) | 663 (0.08) | 670 (0.09) | 644 (0.09) | 694 (0.10) | 716 (0.10) | 723 (0.10) | 752 (0.11) | 716 (0.10) | 806 (0.12)
Cape Verde | 616 (0.08) | 839 (0.11) | 890 (0.11) | 956 (0.12) | 1 064 (0.14) | 1 179 (0.16) | 1 202 (0.16) | 1 191 (0.16) | 1 167 (0.16) | 1 222 (0.17) | 1 131 (0.16) | 1 096 (0.16) | 1 229 (0.18) | 594 (0.07) | 649 (0.08) | 701 (0.09) | 778 (0.10) | 865 (0.11) | 980 (0.13) | 944 (0.13) | 1 001 (0.14) | 960 (0.13) | 993 (0.14) | 938 (0.13) | 911 (0.13) | 1 026 (0.15)
Benin | 610 (0.08) | 781 (0.10) | 755 (0.10) | 763 (0.10) | 806 (0.10) | 807 (0.11) | 805 (0.11) | 827 (0.11) | 892 (0.12) | 901 (0.13) | 928 (0.13) | 1 002 (0.14) | 1 002 (0.15) | 481 (0.06) | 469 (0.06) | 506 (0.06) | 498 (0.06) | 559 (0.07) | 526 (0.07) | 516 (0.07) | 512 (0.07) | 566 (0.08) | 569 (0.08) | 609 (0.09) | 635 (0.09) | 649 (0.09)
Gabon | 478 (0.06) | 620 (0.08) | 601 (0.08) | 658 (0.08) | 684 (0.09) | 688 (0.09) | 764 (0.10) | 733 (0.10) | 806 (0.11) | 818 (0.11) | 853 (0.12) | 853 (0.12) | 903 (0.13) | 713 (0.09) | 743 (0.09) | 696 (0.09) | 721 (0.09) | 795 (0.10) | 819 (0.11) | 921 (0.12) | 981 (0.13) | 975 (0.14) | 1 123 (0.16) | 1 055 (0.15) | 1 070 (0.15) | 1 119 (0.16)
Angola | 825 (0.10) | 1 017 (0.13) | 1 045 (0.13) | 1 063 (0.14) | 1 106 (0.14) | 1 066 (0.14) | 1 040 (0.14) | 1 110 (0.15) | 1 014 (0.14) | 1 051 (0.15) | 979 (0.14) | 891 (0.13) | 896 (0.13) | 758 (0.09) | 718 (0.09) | 748 (0.10) | 747 (0.10) | 785 (0.10) | 817 (0.11) | 764 (0.10) | 860 (0.12) | 851 (0.12) | 902 (0.13) | 866 (0.12) | 774 (0.11) | 774 (0.11)
Togo | 708 (0.09) | 783 (0.10) | 799 (0.10) | 761 (0.10) | 797 (0.10) | 798 (0.10) | 745 (0.10) | 722 (0.10) | 754 (0.10) | 751 (0.11) | 732 (0.11) | 716 (0.10) | 790 (0.12) | 625 (0.08) | 604 (0.08) | 597 (0.08) | 627 (0.08) | 625 (0.08) | 560 (0.07) | 568 (0.08) | 555 (0.08) | 504 (0.07) | 498 (0.07) | 529 (0.08) | 521 (0.07) | 560 (0.08)
Central African Republic | 485 (0.06) | 645 (0.08) | 621 (0.08) | 646 (0.08) | 676 (0.09) | 724 (0.10) | 714 (0.10) | 704 (0.10) | 671 (0.09) | 770 (0.11) | 686 (0.10) | 676 (0.10) | 722 (0.11) | 516 (0.06) | 517 (0.07) | 495 (0.06) | 526 (0.07) | 524 (0.07) | 634 (0.08) | 642 (0.09) | 638 (0.09) | 597 (0.08) | 656 (0.09) | 642 (0.09) | 607 (0.09) | 658 (0.10)
Chad | 243 (0.03) | 264 (0.03) | 265 (0.03) | 282 (0.04) | 328 (0.04) | 339 (0.04) | 318 (0.04) | 396 (0.05) | 369 (0.05) | 413 (0.06) | 335 (0.05) | 336 (0.05) | 444 (0.06) | 209 (0.03) | 216 (0.03) | 203 (0.03) | 233 (0.03) | 269 (0.03) | 304 (0.04) | 296 (0.04) | 349 (0.05) | 344 (0.05) | 368 (0.05) | 327 (0.05) | 313 (0.04) | 422 (0.06)
Mauritius | 410 (0.05) | 463 (0.06) | 437 (0.06) | 420 (0.05) | 434 (0.06) | 421 (0.06) | 437 (0.06) | 411 (0.06) | 442 (0.06) | 393 (0.06) | 403 (0.06) | 378 (0.05) | 362 (0.05) | 493 (0.06) | 549 (0.07) | 542 (0.07) | 489 (0.06) | 540 (0.07) | 519 (0.07) | 524 (0.07) | 491 (0.07) | 511 (0.07) | 505 (0.07) | 495 (0.07) | 509 (0.07) | 431 (0.06)
Niger | 148 (0.02) | 147 (0.02) | 192 (0.02) | 205 (0.03) | 176 (0.02) | 210 (0.03) | 197 (0.03) | 187 (0.03) | 203 (0.03) | 202 (0.03) | 207 (0.03) | 218 (0.03) | 282 (0.04) | 188 (0.02) | 172 (0.02) | 215 (0.03) | 191 (0.02) | 213 (0.03) | 205 (0.03) | 185 (0.02) | 180 (0.02) | 199 (0.03) | 198 (0.03) | 206 (0.03) | 214 (0.03) | 228 (0.03)
Other African countries | 1 830 (0.23) | 2 088 (0.26) | 2 256 (0.29) | 2 494 (0.32) | 2 634 (0.34) | 2 835 (0.37) | 3 073 (0.41) | 3 122 (0.43) | 3 563 (0.50) | 3 743 (0.52) | 4 134 (0.59) | 4 023 (0.57) | 4 829 (0.70) | 2 037 (0.25) | 2 084 (0.26) | 2 188 (0.28) | 2 422 (0.31) | 2 553 (0.33) | 2 751 (0.36) | 2 995 (0.40) | 2 988 (0.41) | 3 291 (0.46) | 3 611 (0.51) | 3 906 (0.56) | 3 802 (0.54) | 4 523 (0.66)
Asia | 9 372 (1.17) | 10 649 (1.34) | 10 674 (1.37) | 10 975 (1.39) | 11 157 (1.43) | 10 636 (1.40) | 11 036 (1.48) | 10 526 (1.44) | 10 538 (1.46) | 10 951 (1.53) | 10 643 (1.53) | 9 840 (1.40) | 10 699 (1.56) | 12 108 (1.51) | 13 001 (1.64) | 13 768 (1.74) | 13 308 (1.70) | 13 964 (1.79) | 13 460 (1.77) | 13 791 (1.85) | 13 170 (1.80) | 13 071 (1.82) | 13 278 (1.86) | 12 656 (1.82) | 12 093 (1.72) | 12 579 (1.83)
China | 1 815 (0.23) | 2 141 (0.27) | 2 140 (0.27) | 1 845 (0.24) | 2 079 (0.27) | 1 669 (0.22) | 2 053 (0.28) | 1 650 (0.23) | 1 545 (0.21) | 1 586 (0.22) | 1 393 (0.20) | 1 158 (0.16) | 1 067 (0.16) | 2 684 (0.33) | 2 964 (0.37) | 3 092 (0.39) | 2 771 (0.35) | 3 204 (0.41) | 2 619 (0.34) | 3 035 (0.41) | 2 627 (0.36) | 2 435 (0.34) | 2 492 (0.35) | 2 134 (0.31) | 1 969 (0.28) | 1 768 (0.26)
Vietnam | 627 (0.08) | 1 086 (0.14) | 1 145 (0.14) | 1 014 (0.13) | 923 (0.12) | 904 (0.12) | 869 (0.12) | 759 (0.10) | 726 (0.10) | 713 (0.10) | 637 (0.09) | 595 (0.08) | 549 (0.08) | 841 (0.10) | 1 366 (0.17) | 1 498 (0.19) | 1 370 (0.18) | 1 279 (0.16) | 1 264 (0.17) | 1 246 (0.17) | 1 167 (0.16) | 1 145 (0.16) | 1 136 (0.16) | 1 063 (0.15) | 975 (0.14) | 945 (0.14)
Cambodia | 675 (0.08) | 696 (0.09) | 629 (0.08) | 594 (0.08) | 632 (0.08) | 520 (0.07) | 496 (0.07) | 409 (0.06) | 336 (0.05) | 337 (0.05) | 338 (0.05) | 222 (0.03) | 232 (0.03) | 818 (0.10) | 784 (0.10) | 800 (0.10) | 706 (0.09) | 769 (0.10) | 728 (0.10) | 658 (0.09) | 550 (0.08) | 512 (0.07) | 509 (0.07) | 481 (0.07) | 402 (0.06) | 358 (0.05)
Laos | 560 (0.07) | 569 (0.07) | 454 (0.06) | 418 (0.05) | 388 (0.05) | 265 (0.04) | 288 (0.04) | 242 (0.03) | 196 (0.03) | 184 (0.03) | 157 (0.02) | 142 (0.02) | 111 (0.02) | 442 (0.06) | 438 (0.06) | 395 (0.05) | 328 (0.04) | 320 (0.04) | 249 (0.03) | 226 (0.03) | 211 (0.03) | 192 (0.03) | 176 (0.02) | 181 (0.03) | 162 (0.02) | 129 (0.02)
Japan | 112 (0.01) | 147 (0.02) | 148 (0.02) | 127 (0.02) | 141 (0.02) | 120 (0.02) | 114 (0.02) | 134 (0.02) | 120 (0.02) | 105 (0.01) | 130 (0.02) | 111 (0.02) | 101 (0.01) | 560 (0.07) | 645 (0.08) | 638 (0.08) | 657 (0.08) | 632 (0.08) | 588 (0.08) | 567 (0.07) | 575 (0.08) | 500 (0.07) | 420 (0.06) | 406 (0.06) | 410 (0.06) | 386 (0.06)
Sri Lanka | 1 618 (0.20) | 1 743 (0.22) | 1 909 (0.24) | 1 908 (0.24) | 2 006 (0.26) | 2 080 (0.27) | 1 991 (0.27) | 1 981 (0.27) | 2 020 (0.28) | 1 879 (0.26) | 1 905 (0.27) | 1 784 (0.25) | 1 815 (0.26) | 1 634 (0.20) | 1 678 (0.21) | 1 821 (0.23) | 1 843 (0.24) | 1 926 (0.25) | 2 035 (0.27) | 1 910 (0.26) | 1 889 (0.26) | 1 907 (0.26) | 1 779 (0.25) | 1 765 (0.25) | 1 632 (0.23) | 1 692 (0.25)
India | 1 073 (0.13) | 1 130 (0.14) | 1 114 (0.14) | 1 162 (0.15) | 1 234 (0.16) | 1 168 (0.15) | 1 196 (0.16) | 1 175 (0.16) | 1 246 (0.17) | 1 274 (0.18) | 1 218 (0.17) | 1 159 (0.17) | 1 168 (0.17) | 1 068 (0.13) | 1 071 (0.14) | 1 073 (0.14) | 1 093 (0.14) | 1 124 (0.14) | 1 092 (0.14) | 1 126 (0.15) | 1 095 (0.15) | 1 197 (0.17) | 1 147 (0.16) | 1 144 (0.16) | 1 074 (0.15) | 1 106 (0.16)
Bangladesh | 245 (0.03) | 308 (0.04) | 338 (0.04) | 380 (0.05) | 376 (0,.05) | 563 (0.07) | 622 (0.08) | 599 (0.08) | 728 (0.10) | 775 (0.11) | 833 (0.12) | 842 (0.12) | 1 053 (0.15) | 253 (0.03) | 307 (0.04) | 325 (0.04) | 368 (0.05) | 358 (0.05) | 546 (0.07) | 602 (0.08) | 572 (0.08) | 700 (0.10) | 756 (0.11) | 795 (0.11) | 807 (0.11) | 1 021 (0.15)
Pakistan | 788 (0.10) | 855 (0.11) | 916 (0.12) | 936 (0.12) | 985 (0.13) | 944 (0.12) | 963 (0.13) | 995 (0.14) | 977 (0.14) | 1 060 (0.15) | 1 082 (0.16) | 964 (0.14) | 1 029 (0.15) | 667 (0.08) | 677 (0.09) | 711 (0.09) | 727 (0.09) | 755 (0.10) | 760 (0.10) | 810 (0.11) | 789 (0.11) | 772 (0.11) | 863 (0.12) | 882 (0.13) | 803 (0.11) | 841 (0.12)
Other Asia | 1 859 (0.23) | 1 974 (0.25) | 2 182 (0.28) | 2 290 (0.29) | 2 393 (0.31) | 2 403 (0.32) | 2 444 (0.33) | 2 582 (0.35) | 2 644 (0.37) | 3 038 (0.43) | 2 950 (0.42) | 2 863 (0.41) | 3 574 (0.52) | 3 141 (0.39) | 3 071 (0.39) | 3 415 (0.43) | 3 445 (0.44) | 3 597 (0.46) | 3 579 (0.47) | 3 611 (0.48) | 3 695 (0.51) | 3 711 (0.52) | 4 000 (0.56) | 3 805 (0.55) | 3 859 (0.55) | 4 333 (0.63)
Middle East | 12 657 (1.58) | 12 955 (1.63) | 12 620 (1.60) | 12 775 (1.63) | 12 566 (1.61) | 12 043 (1.58) | 11 805 (1.59) | 11 584 (1.59) | 10 949 (1.52) | 10 512 (1.47) | 9 728 (1.40) | 9 374 (1.34) | 9 346 (1.36) | 10 713 (1.34) | 10 387 (1.31) | 10 294 (1.30) | 10 226 (1.31) | 10 257 (1.31) | 9 809 (1.29) | 9 564 (1.28) | 9 437 (1.29) | 8 806 (1.22) | 8 542 (1.20) | 7 947 (1.14) | 7 483 (1.07) | 7 593 (1.11)
Turkey | 10 001 (1.25) | 10 112 (1.28) | 9 835 (1.24) | 9 768 (1.25) | 9 587 (1.23) | 9 017 (1.19) | 8 524 (1.14) | 8 141 (1.11) | 7 347 (1.02) | 6 966 (0.98) | 6 342 (0.91) | 5 918 (0.84) | 5 881 (0.86) | 8 427 (1.05) | 8 034 (1.01) | 7 994 (1.01) | 7 756 (0.99) | 7 724 (0.99) | 7 200 (0.95) | 6 691 (0.90) | 6 322 (0.87) | 5 618 (0.78) | 5 301 (0.74) | 4 774 (0.69) | 4 375 (0.62) | 4 398 (0.64)
Syria | 462 (0.06) | 424 (0.05) | 406 (0.05) | 499 (0.06) | 498 (0.06) | 560 (0.07) | 733 (0.10) | 908 (0.12) | 1 050 (0.15) | 1 090 (0.15) | 1 152 (0.17) | 1 067 (0.15) | 1 071 (0.16) | 382 (0.05) | 340 (0.04) | 305 (0.04) | 371 (0.05) | 388 (0.05) | 458 (0.06) | 621 (0.08) | 820 (0.11) | 968 (0.13) | 1 040 (0.15) | 1 082 (0.16) | 964 (0.14) | 996 (0.15)
Lebanon | 991 (0.12) | 1 019 (0.13) | 938 (0.12) | 972 (0.12) | 1 001 (0.13) | 959 (0.13) | 861 (0.12) | 884 (0.12) | 849 (0.12) | 819 (0.11) | 745 (0.11) | 877 (0.12) | 869 (0.13) | 750 (0.09) | 678 (0.09) | 627 (0.08) | 656 (0.08) | 700 (0.09) | 639 (0.08) | 632 (0.08) | 610 (0.08) | 546 (0.08) | 585 (0.08) | 542 (0.08) | 637 (0.09) | 694 (0.1)
Armenia | 473 (0.06) | 710 (0.09) | 779 (0.10) | 824 (0.11) | 780 (0.10) | 786 (0.10) | 872 (0.12) | 850 (0.12) | 861 (0.12) | 783 (0.11) | 737 (0.11) | 751 (0.11) | 792 (0.12) | 566 (0.07) | 750 (0.09) | 819 (0.10) | 878 (0.11) | 856 (0.11) | 866 (0.11) | 915 (0.12) | 953 (0.13) | 938 (0.13) | 857 (0.12) | 817 (0.12) | 811 (0.12) | 835 (0.12)
Iraq | 172 (0.02) | 217 (0.03) | 209 (0.03) | 208 (0.03) | 245 (0.03) | 267 (0.04) | 353 (0.05) | 385 (0.05) | 434 (0.06) | 424 (0.06) | 373 (0.05) | 382 (0.05) | 343 (0.05) | 137 (0.02) | 196 (0.02) | 193 (0.02) | 166 (0.02) | 202 (0.03) | 245 (0.03) | 302 (0.04) | 328 (0.04) | 390 (0.05) | 376 (0.05) | 343 (0.05) | 325 (0.05) | 294 (0.04)
Iran | 289 (0.04) | 246 (0.03) | 239 (0.03) | 276 (0.04) | 240 (0.03) | 253 (0.03) | 249 (0.03) | 237 (0.03) | 224 (0.03) | 251 (0.04) | 229 (0.03) | 219 (0.03) | 241 (0.04) | 231 (0.03) | 205 (0.03) | 217 (0.03) | 215 (0.03) | 194 (0.02) | 226 (0.03) | 246 (0.03) | 265 (0.04) | 222 (0.03) | 241 (0.03) | 260 (0.04) | 252 (0.04) | 253 (0.04)
Israel | 269 (0.03) | 227 (0.03) | 214 (0.03) | 228 (0.03) | 215 (0.03) | 201 (0.03) | 213 (0.03) | 179 (0.02) | 184 (0.03) | 179 (0.03) | 150 (0.02) | 160 (0.02) | 149 (0.02) | 220 (0.03) | 184 (0.02) | 139 (0.02) | 184 (0.02) | 193 (0.02) | 175 (0.02) | 157 (0.02) | 139 (0.02) | 124 (0.02) | 142 (0.02) | 129 (0.02) | 119 (0.02) | 123 (0.02)
America/Oceania | 3 164 (0.39) | 3 475 (0.44) | 3 444 (0.44) | 3 755 (0.48) | 3 939 (0.50) | 3 976 (0.52) | 3 994 (0.54) | 4 198 (0.57) | 4 308 (0.60) | 4 530 (0.63) | 4 405 (0.63) | 4 752 (0.68) | 4 785 (0.70) | 4 969 (0.62) | 5 012 (0.63) | 5 019 (0.64) | 5 337 (0.68) | 5 476 (0.70) | 5 643 (0.74) | 5 681 (0.76) | 5 679 (0.78) | 5 942 (0.83) | 6 297 (0.88) | 6 277 (0.90) | 6 597 (0.94) | 6 436 (0.94)
Brazil | 545 (0.07) | 649 (0.08) | 692 (0.09) | 706 (0.09) | 772 (0.10) | 788 (0.10) | 837 (0.11) | 881 (0.12) | 940 (0.13) | 1 019 (0.14) | 1 061 (0.15) | 1 099 (0.16) | 1 165 (0.17) | 1 124 (0.14) | 1 172 (0.15) | 1 145 (0.14) | 1 267 (0.16) | 1 252 (0.16) | 1 264 (0.17) | 1 359 (0.18) | 1 437 (0.20) | 1 461 (0.20) | 1 601 (0.22) | 1 567 (0.22) | 1 685 (0.24) | 1 636 (0.24)
Colombia | 288 (0.04) | 329 (0.04) | 334 (0.04) | 399 (0.05) | 419 (0.05) | 478 (0.06) | 423 (0.06) | 468 (0.06) | 496 (0.07) | 580 (0.08) | 543 (0.08) | 631 (0.09) | 627 (0.09) | 538 (0.07) | 521 (0.07) | 547 (0.07) | 572 (0.07) | 603 (0.08) | 689 (0.09) | 664 (0.09) | 680 (0.09) | 671 (0.09) | 827 (0.12) | 781 (0.11) | 843 (0.12) | 825 (0.12)
United States | 531 (0.07) | 544 (0.07) | 523 (0.07) | 577 (0.07) | 558 (0.07) | 470 (0.06) | 532 (0.07) | 541 (0.07) | 559 (0.08) | 550 (0.08) | 535 (0.08) | 572 (0.08) | 559 (0.08) | 681 (0.08) | 666 (0.08) | 730 (0.09) | 699 (0.09) | 749 (0.10) | 715 (0.09) | 739 (0.10) | 698 (0.10) | 773 (0.11) | 734 (0.10) | 778 (0.11) | 841 (0.12) | 750 (0.11)
Mexico | 164 (0.02) | 178 (0.02) | 195 (0.02) | 193 (0.02) | 229 (0.03) | 274 (0.04) | 214 (0.03) | 251 (0.03) | 262 (0.04) | 231 (0.03) | 219 (0.03) | 263 (0.04) | 263 (0.04) | 347 (0.04) | 343 (0.04) | 393 (0.05) | 355 (0.05) | 406 (0.05) | 441 (0.06) | 447 (0.06) | 416 (0.06) | 435 (0.06) | 438 (0.06) | 473 (0.07) | 476 (0.07) | 474 (0.07)
Canada | 316 (0.04) | 328 (0.04) | 277 (0.04) | 282 (0.04) | 319 (0.04) | 288 (0.04) | 257 (0.03) | 243 (0.03) | 236 (0.03) | 190 (0.03) | 247 (0.04) | 246 (0.04) | 237 (0.03) | 406 (0.05) | 359 (0.05) | 353 (0.04) | 375 (0.05) | 338 (0.04) | 344 (0.05) | 353 (0.05) | 298 (0.04) | 299 (0.04) | 289 (0.04) | 304 (0.04) | 324 (0.05) | 319 (0.05)
Venezuela | 108 (0.01) | 96 (0.01) | 131 (0.02) | 140 (0.02) | 139 (0.02) | 181 (0.02) | 175 (0.02) | 176 (0.02) | 186 (0.03) | 223 (0.03) | 177 (0.03) | 178 (0.03) | 226 (0.03) | 174 (0.02) | 176 (0.02) | 179 (0.02) | 205 (0.03) | 192 (0.02) | 224 (0.03) | 231 (0.03) | 235 (0.03) | 264 (0.04) | 289 (0.04) | 271 (0.04) | 270 (0.04) | 291 (0.04)
Argentina | 176 (0.02) | 197 (0.02) | 196 (0.02) | 237 (0.03) | 239 (0.03) | 213 (0.03) | 215 (0.03) | 240 (0.03) | 219 (0.03) | 235 (0.03) | 193 (0.03) | 258 (0.04) | 217 (0.03) | 237 (0.03) | 266 (0.03) | 243 (0.03) | 263 (0.03) | 274 (0.04) | 259 (0.03) | 237 (0.03) | 223 (0.03) | 225 (0.03) | 266 (0.04) | 228 (0.03) | 305 (0.04) | 253 (0.04)
Peru | 139 (0.02) | 137 (0.02) | 146 (0.02) | 160 (0.02) | 178 (0.02) | 191 (0.03) | 182 (0.02) | 193 (0.03) | 181 (0.03) | 228 (0.03) | 210 (0.03) | 227 (0.03) | 211 (0.03) | 303 (0.04) | 297 (0.04) | 274 (0.03) | 322 (0.04) | 319 (0.04) | 334 (0.04) | 323 (0.04) | 354 (0.05) | 347 (0.05) | 351 (0.05) | 350 (0.05) | 342 (0.05) | 356 (0.05)
Chile | 229 (0.03) | 249 (0.03) | 204 (0.03) | 224 (0.03) | 197 (0.03) | 238 (0.03) | 196 (0.03) | 220 (0.03) | 179 (0.02) | 215 (0.03) | 190 (0.03) | 166 (0.02) | 185 (0.03) | 263 (0.03) | 278 (0.04) | 216 (0.03) | 246 (0.03) | 235 (0.03) | 247 (0.03) | 217 (0.03) | 222 (0.03) | 189 (0.03) | 200 (0.03) | 217 (0.03) | 193 (0.03) | 211 (0.03)
Australia | 139 (0.02) | 119 (0.02) | 128 (0.02) | 139 (0.02) | 132 (0.02) | 107 (0.01) | 145 (0.02) | 107 (0.01) | 121 (0.02) | 125 (0.02) | 106 (0.02) | 117 (0.02) | 104 (0.02) | 123 (0.02) | 134 (0.02) | 112 (0.01) | 125 (0.02) | 132 (0.02) | 106 (0.01) | 135 (0.02) | 132 (0.02) | 119 (0.02) | 112 (0.02) | 119 (0.02) | 131 (0.02) | 115 (0.02)
Other countries in America | 465 (0.06) | 566 (0.07) | 539 (0.07) | 604 (0.08) | 662 (0.08) | 649 (0.09) | 718 (0.10) | 778 (0.11) | 832 (0.12) | 834 (0.12) | 821 (0.12) | 898 (0.13) | 905 (0.13) | 712 (0.09) | 751 (0.09) | 771 (0.10) | 835 (0.11) | 904 (0.12) | 946 (0.12) | 908 (0.12) | 912 (0.12) | 1 089 (0.15) | 1 125 (0.16) | 1 117 (0.16) | 1 130 (0.16) | 1 149 (0.17)
Other countries in Oceania | 64 (0.01) | 83 (0.01) | 79 (0.01) | 94 (0.01) | 95 (0.01) | 99 (0.01) | 100 (0.01) | 100 (0.01) | 97 (0.01) | 100 (0.01) | 103 (0.01) | 97 (0.01) | 86 (0.01) | 61 (0.01) | 49 (0.01) | 56 (0.01) | 73 (0.01) | 60 (0.01) | 74 (0.01) | 68 (0.01) | 72 (0.01) | 70 (0.01) | 65 (0.01) | 72 (0.01) | 57 (0.01) | 57 (0.01)

Note: In 2010 some foreigners not declared country : father - 17,536; mother - 3,754

## Social issues

[edit]

### Marriage, divorce and family types

[edit]

Average age of first marriage in Metropolitan France Evolution of Marriage (red) and Civil Union (blue) in France (INSEE).

In 2020, there was a total of 154,581 marriages in France.[52]

## Employment and income

[edit]

Unemployment, youth ages 15–24:

Total: 20.8%. Country comparison to the world: 61st.
Male: 21.4%.
Female: 20% (2018 est.).[44]

## Ethnic groups

[edit]

People in metropolitan France according to INSEE (2022)[53]

|  |
Born in France with French nationality |

| 86.1%
Born in France with foreign nationality |

| 1.2%
Born abroad with French nationality |

| 2.4%
Immigrants who acquired French nationality |

| 3.7%
Immigrants with foreign nationality |

| 6.7%

Note: people born outside of France (including the overseas departments) are referred to as immigrants regardless of their nationality (French or foreign). People without French nationality are referred to as foreigners regardless of their birthplace (France or abroad).

### Data collection

[edit]

Due to a law dating from 1872 at the start of the Third Republic, France has prohibited the collection of data on a citizen’s race, ethnicity, or their beliefs, such as religion, through national censuses,[54][55] however, estimates have been made of the ethnic and racial demography of the country in the present.

Some organizations, such as the Representative Council of Black Associations of France (French: Conseil représentatif des associations noires de France, CRAN), have argued in favour of the introduction of data collection on minority groups but this has been resisted by other organizations and ruling politicians,[56][57] often on the grounds that collecting such statistics goes against France's secular principles and harks back to Vichy-era identity documents.[58] During the 2007 presidential election, however, Nicolas Sarkozy, polled on the issue, stated that he favoured the collection of data on ethnicity.[59] Part of a parliamentary bill that would have permitted the collection of data for the purpose of measuring discrimination was rejected by the Conseil Constitutionnel in November 2007.[54]

However, that law does not concern surveys and polls, which are free to ask those questions if they wish. The law also allows for an exception for public institutions such as the INED or the INSEE whose job it is to collect data on demographics, social trends and other related subjects, on condition that the collection of such data has been authorized by the National Commission for Computer-stocked data and Freedom (CNIL) and the National Council of Statistical Information (CNIS).[60]

### Statistics

[edit]

The modern ethnic French are the descendants of Celts, Iberians, Ligurians, Italic peoples (including Romans), and Greeks in southern France,[61][62] later mixed with large groups of Germanic peoples arriving at the end of the Roman Empire such as the Franks, Burgundians, Alamanni, and Goths,[63] Moors and Saracens in the south,[64][65][66][67][68][69][70] and Scandinavians, Vikings, who became, by mixing with the local population, the Normans and settled mostly in Normandy in the 9th century.[71]

In 1960 there was approximately 500,000 'coloured' people present in France, constituting 1.2% of the population.[72] In 2004, French conservative think-tank Institut Montaigne estimated that there were 51 million (85%) people of European ethnic origin, 6 million (10%) North African people, 2 million (3.5%) black people and 1 million (1.5%) people of Asian[clarification needed] origin in Metropolitan France, including all generations of immigrant descendants.[73] TIME magazine in 2009 estimated that there was an estimated range of 4 to 7 million Arabs, 3 to 5 million Blacks, 1.5 million Asians and around 600,000 Jewish people.[74] Solis, a marketing company, estimated the numbers for ethnic minorities (immigrants and 2nd generation) in France in 2009 as 3.26 million Maghrebis (5.23%), 1.83 million black people (2.94%) (1.08 million Sub-Saharan Africans and 757,000 French from French West Indies), and 250,000 Turkish (0.71%).[75][76]

In 2015, Michèle Tribalat released a paper estimating population of ethnic minorities in France in 2011 to constitute 30% if ancestry retracted to 3 generations but with age limit of 60. 15% were of other European origin and another 15% rest.[77]

Newly released figures from France’s national statistical agency, which pulled census data from 2019-2020, revealed that nearly one-third of children aged four years and below are of non-European origin, a number which stands in sharp contrast with those recorded in older generations.

The data, published by the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE), indicates that among those aged four and below living in ordinary housing (all residences excluding those for students, the elderly, and asylum seekers) in metropolitan France, 41.6% were born outside of France themselves, or are descendants of non-French parents or grandparents, with 29.6% having origins outside of Europe.

By comparison, a mere 7.6% of 60 to 64-year-olds and 3.1% of those over the age of 80 were of non-European origin over three generations, meaning they themselves, their parents, or grandparents were born outside of Europe.

Figures also revealed that 16.2% of all children aged four and below living in France are of Maghreb descent—a term used to describe the predominately Arab regions of northwest Africa, incluiding Morocco, Libya, Algeria, Mauritania, and Tunisia. One in ten children in the same age group in France are immigrants or are the children of immigrants from elsewhere in Europe, with 7.3% having originated from sub-Saharan Africa, 4% from Asia, and 1.7% from the rest of the world.

The Paris region is a magnet for immigrants, hosting one of the largest concentrations of immigrants in Europe. As of 2006, about 45% of people (6 million) living in the region were either immigrant (25%) or born to at least one immigrant parent (20%).[78]

Of European ethnic groups not indigenous to France, the most numerous are people of Italian family origin and it is estimated that about 5 million citizens (8% of the population) are at least partly of Italian origin if their parentage is retraced over three generations.[79] This is due to waves of Italian immigration, notably during the late 19th century and early 20th century. Other large European groups of non-native origin are Spaniards, Portuguese, Romanians, Poles, and Greeks. Also, due to more recent immigration, between five and six million people of Maghrebi origin[80] and approximately 800,000 Turks inhabit France.[81][82]

An influx of Maghrebi Jews immigrated to France in the 1950s and after the Algerian War due to the decline of the French empire. Subsequent waves of immigration followed the Six-Day War, when some Moroccan and Tunisian Jews settled in France. Hence, by 1968, Maghrebi Jews were about 500,000 and the majority in France. As the majority of these new immigrants were already culturally French, because of their cooperation with colonists, they needed little time to adjust to French society.[citation needed] Black people come from both the French overseas territories (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Réunion, and former colony Haiti) and Sub-Saharan Africa (especially Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal). France has the largest black population in Europe.

There is a substantial Romani population in France. There is approximately 400,000 Roma living in France. [83]

## Immigration

[edit]

Main article: Immigration to France

Since the 19th century, France has continued being a country of immigration. During the Trente Glorieuses (1946–1975), the country's reconstruction and steady economic growth led to the labor-immigration of the 1960s, when many employers found manpower in villages located in Southern Europe and North Africa. In 2008, the French national institute of statistics INSEE estimated that 11.8 million foreign-born immigrants and their direct descendants (second generation) lived in France representing 19% of the country's population. About 5.5 million are of European origin and 4 million of Maghrebi origin.[84][85]

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

|

Proportion of immigrant population of France 1921-2021 [86]

Immigration to France exceeded 200,000 in recent years, as shown in table below.[87]

Region  | 2004  | 2005  | 2006  | 2007  | 2008  | 2009  | 2010  | 2011  | 2012  | % 2012

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Europe | 80 500 | 78 660 | 80 120 | 79 290 | 80 330 | 75 040 | 88 820 | 94 580 | 105 830 | 46 % (including from Eastern Europe)
Africa | 70 200 | 66 110 | 62 340 | 62 140 | 63 470 | 66 480 | 65 610 | 66 280 | 68 640 | 30 % (including from Maghreb)
Asia | 30 960 | 30 120 | 30 520 | 32 070 | 30 180 | 32 960 | 29 810 | 32 430 | 32 060 | 14 % (including from China)
America and Oceania | 19 810 | 19 990 | 20 460 | 18 770 | 21 440 | 20 450 | 26 270 | 23 360 | 23 070 | 10%
All countries | 201 470 | 194 880 | 193 440 | 192 270 | 195 420 | 194 930 | 210 510 | 216 650 | 229 600 | 100%

### Before World War II

[edit]

In the 20th century, France experienced a high rate of immigration from other countries. The immigration rate was particularly high during the 1920s and 1930s. France was the European country which suffered the most from World War I, with respect to the size of its population, losing 1.3 million young men out of a total population of 40 million. France was also at the time the European country with the lowest fertility rate, which meant that the country had a very hard time recovering from the heavy losses of the war. France had to open its doors to immigration, which was the only way to prevent population decline between the two world wars.[88]

At the time, France was the only European country to permit mass immigration. The other major European powers, such as the UK or Germany, still had high fertility rates, so immigration was seen as unnecessary, and it was also undesirable to the vast majority of their populations. The majority of immigrants in the 1920s came from Italy and Poland, though from the 1930s, some also came from elsewhere in southern and eastern Europe, and the first wave of colonial French subjects from Africa and Asia. This mass immigration was ended and partially reversed by the economic problems of the 1930s.[89] By the end of the Spanish Civil War, some half-million Spanish Republican refugees had crossed the border into France.[90]

Local populations often opposed immigrant manpower, leading to occasional outbursts of violence. The most violent was a pogrom against Italian workers who worked in the salt evaporation ponds of Peccais, erupted in Aigues-Mortes in 1893, killing at least nine and injuring hundreds on the Italian side.[91]

### After World War II

[edit]

After World War II, the French fertility rate rebounded considerably, as noted above, but economic growth in France was so high that new immigrants had to be brought into the country. Most immigrants were Portuguese as well as Arabs and Berbers from North Africa. The first wave arrived in the 1950s, but the major arrivals happened in the 1960s and 1970s. More than one million people from the Maghreb immigrated in the 1960s and early 1970s from North Africa, especially Algeria (following the end of French rule there) [citation needed]. One million European pieds-noirs also migrated from Algeria in 1962 and the following years during the chaotic independence of Algeria.[92] France has over three million French of Algerian descent, a small percentage of whom are third-or fourth-generation French.

French law facilitated the immigration of thousands of French settlers (colons in French language), ethnic or national French from former colonies of North and West Africa, India and Indochina, to mainland France. 1.6 million European pieds noirs settlers migrated from Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco.[93] In the 1970s, over 30,000 French settlers left Cambodia during the Khmer Rouge regime as the Pol Pot government confiscated their farms and land properties. However, after the 1973 energy crisis, laws limiting immigration were passed. In addition, the country's birth rate dropped significantly during this time.

Between 1956 and 1967, about 235,000 Sephardic North African Jews from Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco also immigrated to France because of the decline of the French colonial empire and following the Six-Day War. Hence, by 1968, Sephardic North African Jews were the majority of the Jews in France. As the new immigrants were already culturally French, they needed little time to adjust to French society.[94]

In the late 1970s, the end of high economic growth in France caused immigration policies to be considerably tightened, starting with laws by Charles Pasqua passed in 1986 and 1993. New immigrants were allowed only through the family reunion schemes (wives and children moving to France to live with husbands or fathers already living in France), or as asylum seekers. Illegal immigration thus developed as immigration policy became more rigid. In 2006, The French Ministry of the Interior estimated clandestine immigrants in France amounted to anywhere between 200,000 and 400,000 and expected between 80,000 and 100,000 people to enter the country illegally each year.[95]

The Pasqua laws are a significant landmark in the shift in France's immigration policy through the course of the 20th century. They are a sign of the securitization aspect of immigration, giving more power to the police, allowing them to perform random identity checks and deport immigrants without legal papers. The rise in anti-immigration sentiments was reinforced by a series of terrorist bombs in Paris in 1986, linked to Muslim immigrants in France.[96]

Tightening immigration laws, as well as notions of "zero immigration", reflected national views that arose within the discussion around immigrant family reunification and national identity. Institut français des relations internationales (IFRI) immigration expert, Christophe Bertossi, states that stigmatized as both a challenge to social cohesion and a "burden" for the French economy, family immigration is increasingly restricted and constructed as a racial issue. The "immigration choisie" policy strives consequently to select migrants according to their profile, skills and, still indirectly, origins.[97][98]

Nonetheless, immigration rates in the 1980s and 1990s were much lower than in the 1960s and 1970s, especially compared to other European countries. The regions of emigrations also widened, with new immigrants now coming from sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. In the 1970s, a small but well-publicized wave of Chilean and Argentine political refugees from their countries' dictatorships found asylum in France.

Ethnic Vietnamese started to become a visible segment of society after the massive influx of refugees after the end of the Vietnam War in 1975. The expulsions of ethnic Chinese from Vietnam in the 1970s led to a wave of immigration and the settlement of the high-rise neighbourhood near the Porte d'Italie, where the Chinatown of Paris is located. Located in the 13th arrondissement, the area contains many ethnic Chinese inhabitants.[99]

According to the distinguished French historian of immigration Gérard Noiriel, in 1989 one third of the population currently living in France was of "foreign" descent.[100]

According to Michèle Tribalat, researcher at INED, there were, in 1999, approximately 14 million persons of foreign ancestry (about a quarter of the population), defined as either immigrants or people with at least one immigrant parent or grandparent. Half of them were of European ancestry (including 5.2 million from South Europe (Italy, Spain, Portugal and former Yugoslavia)). The rest were from Maghreb (3 million), Sub-Saharan Africa (680,000), Turkey (320,000) and other parts of the world (2.5 million).[101] Immigrants from the Maghreb are commonly referred to as beur, a verlan slang term derived from the word arabe (French for Arab).[102]

The large-scale immigration from Islamic countries has sparked controversy in France. Nevertherless, according to Justin Vaïsse, in spite of challenges and setbacks like the riots in November 2005, in Parisian suburbs, where many immigrants live secluded from society with very few capabilities to live in better conditions, the integration of Muslim immigrants is happening as part of a background evolution[103] and recent studies confirmed the results of their assimilation, showing that "North Africans seem to be characterized by a high degree of cultural integration reflected in a relatively high propensity to exogamy" with rates ranging from 20% to 50%.[104] According to Emmanuel Todd, the relatively high exogamy among French Algerians can be explained by the colonial link between France and Algeria.[105][106] One illustration of this growing resentment and job insecurity can be drawn from related events, such as the 2005 riots, which ensued in former President Chirac declaring a state of emergency.[107] Massive demonstrations to express frustration over unemployment took place in March 2009.[108] The importance of integration was brought to the forefront of the political agenda in Sarkozy's 2007 presidential campaign. Upon being elected, he symbolically created the French Ministry of Immigration, Integration, National Identity and Codevelopment. Integration is one of the pillars of its political aims.[109]

### Today

[edit]

In 2014, the National Institute of Statistics (INSEE is its acronym in French) published a study, according to which the numbers of Spanish, Portuguese and Italians in France had doubled between 2009 and 2012.

According to the French Institute, the increase resulting from the financial crisis that hit several European countries in that period, has pushed up the number of Europeans installed in France.[9] Statistics on Spanish immigrants in France show a growth of 107% between 2009 and 2012, from 5300 to 11,000 people.[9][110]

Of 229,000 foreigners in France in 2012, nearly 8% were Portuguese, British 5%, Spanish 5%, Italians 4%, Germans 4%, Romanians 3%, Belgians 3% and Dutch 2%.[9]

With the increase of Spanish, Portuguese and Italians in France, in 2012 46% of immigrants were European, while the percentage for African immigrants reached 30%, of which Moroccans were 7%, Algerians 7%, and Tunisians 3%. Meanwhile, 14% of all immigrants who settled in France in that year were from Asian countries: 3% from China, 2% from Turkey, 10% from America and Oceania, Americans and Brazilians accounting for 2% each.[9]

As of 2008, the French national institute of statistics INSEE estimated that 11.8 million foreign-born immigrants and their direct descendants (limited to second-generation born in France) lived in France representing 19% of the country's population. More than 5.5 million are of European origin and about 4 million of Maghrebi origin (20% of Algerian origin and 15% of Moroccan or Tunisian origin). Immigrants aged 18 to 50 count for 2.7 million (10% of population age 18–50) and 5 million for all ages (8% of population). The second-generation immigrants aged 18 to 50 make up 3.1 million (12% of 18–50) and 6.5 million for all ages (11% of population).[84][85] Without considering citizenship at birth, people not born in metropolitan France and their direct descendants made up 30% of the population aged 18–50 in metropolitan France as of 2008.[111]

The region with the largest proportion of immigrants is the Île-de-France (Greater Paris), where 40% of immigrants live. Other important regions are Rhône-Alpes (Lyon) and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (Marseille). The most important individual countries of origin as of 2007 were Algeria (702,000), Morocco (645,000), Portugal (576,000), Italy (323,000), Spain (262,000) and Turkey (234,000). However, immigration from Asia (especially China), as well as from Sub-Saharan Africa (Senegal, Mali) is gaining in importance.

42% of the immigrants are from Africa (30% from Maghreb and 12% from Sub-Saharan Africa), 38% from Europe (mainly from Portugal, Italy and Spain), 14% from Asia and 5% from America and Oceania.[85] Outside Europe and North Africa, the highest rate of immigration is from Vietnam, Cambodia and Senegal.

The following table shows immigrants and second-generation immigrants by origin as of 2008 according to a study published by Insee in 2012. Third-generation immigrants, illegal immigrants, as well as ethnic minorities like black people from the French overseas territories residing in metropolitan France (800,000), Roms (500,000) or people born in Maghreb with French citizenship at birth (1 million Maghrebi Jews, Harkis and pieds-noirs) and their descendants, who are French by birth and not considered as immigrants or immigrant descendants, are not taken into account.[112][page needed]

Net migration rate 1.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 61st

### Net migration of Metropolitan France, 1946-present

[edit]

France Population Data  Year | Population on January 1st | Net migration

|
|

1946 | 40,125,230 | +25,000
1947 | 40,448,254 | +130,000
1948 | 40,910,569 | +45,000
1949 | 41,313,195 | +35,000
1950 | 41,647,258 | +35,000
1951 | 42,010,088 | +30,000
1952 | 42,300,981 | +20,000
1953 | 42,618,354 | +19,071
1954 | 42,885,138 | +50,872
1955 | 43,227,872 | +120,000
1956 | 43,627,467 | +170,000
1957 | 44,058,683 | +220,000
1958 | 44,563,043 | +140,000
1959 | 45,014,662 | +130,000
1960 | 45,464,797 | +140,000
1961 | 45,903,656 | +180,000
1962 | 46,422,000 | +860,200
1963 | 47,573,406 | +214,599
1964 | 48,059,029 | +185,000
1965 | 48,561,800 | +110,000
1966 | 48,953,792 | +125,000
1967 | 49,373,537 | +92,000
1968 | 49,723,072 | +102,308
1969 | 50,107,735 | +151,574
1970 | 50,528,219 | +179,911
1971 | 51,016,234 | +142,586
1972 | 51,485,953 | +102,314
1973 | 51,915,873 | +106,448
1974 | 52,320,725 | +30,608
1975 | 52,600,000 | +13,626
1976 | 52,798,338 | +57,386
1977 | 53,019,005 | +44,038
1978 | 53,271,566 | +19,361
1979 | 53,481,073 | +34,765
1980 | 53,731,387 | +43,974
1981 | 54,028,630 | +55,710
1982 | 54,335,000 | +60,865
1983 | 54,649,984 | +56,000
1984 | 54,894,854 | +45,000
1985 | 55,157,303 | +38,000
1986 | 55,411,238 | +39,000
1987 | 55,681,780 | +44,000
1988 | 55,966,142 | +57,000
1989 | 56,269,810 | +71,000
1990 | 56,577,000 | +80,000
1991 | 56,840,661 | +90,000
1992 | 57,110,533 | +90,000
1993 | 57,369,161 | +70,000
1994 | 57,565,008 | +50,000
1995 | 57,752,535 | +40,000
1996 | 57,935,959 | +35,000
1997 | 58,116,018 | +40,000
1998 | 58,298,962 | +45,000
1999 | 58,496,613 | +60,000
2000 | 58,858,198 | +70,000
2001 | 59,266,572 | +85,000
2002 | 59,685,899 | +95,000
2003 | 60,101,841 | +100,000
2004 | 60,505,421 | +105,000
2005 | 60,963,264 | +95,000
2006 | 61,399,733 | +115,025
2007 | 61,795,238 | +74,659
2008 | 62,134,866 | +66,930
2009 | 62,465,709 | +44,222
2010 | 62,765,235 | +43,354
2011 | 63,070,344 | +47,426
2012 | 63,375,971 | +90,831
2013 | 63,697,865 | +106,880
2014 | 64,027,958 | +38,699
2015 | 64,300,821 | +53,025
2016 | 64,468,792 | +87,964
2017 | 64,639,133 | +166,654
2018 | 64,844,037 | +211,349
2019 | 65,096,768 | +139,849
2020 | 65,269,154 | +227,847
2021 (p) | 65,505,213 | +193,000
2022 (p) | 65,721,831 | +193,000
2023 (p) | 65,925,961 | +193,000
2024 (p) | 66,142,961 | na
Immigrants by origin (2008) in thousands  | Immigrants  | Second generation  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Spain | 257 | 620 | 877 | 7.3%
Italy | 317 | 920 | 1 237 | 10.4%
Portugal | 581 | 660 | 1 241 | 10.4%
Other countries from EU27 | 653 | 920 | 1 573 | 13.2%
Other European countries | 224 | 210 | 434 | 3.6%
Europe Total | 2 032 | 3 330 | 5 362 | 44.9%
Algeria | 713 | 1 000 | 1 713 | 14.3%
Morocco | 654 | 660 | 1 314 | 11.0%
Tunisia | 235 | 290 | 525 | 4.4%
Maghreb Total | 1 602 | 1 950 | 3 552 | 29.7%
Subsaharan Africa | 669 | 570 | 1 239 | 10.4%
Turkey | 239 | 220 | 459 | 3.8%
SouthEast Asia | 163 | 160 | 323 | 2.7%
Other Asian countries | 355 | 210 | 565 | 4.7%
America/Oceania | 282 | 170 | 452 | 3.8%
Other Regions Total | 1 708 | 1 330 | 3 038 | 25.4%
Total | 5 342 | 6 610 | 11 952 | 100.00%
Place of Birth  | Year

|

2011[113]
Number  | %
|  |
Place of Birth in Reporting Country (France)  | 57,611,142 |
Place of Birth Not in Reporting Country  | 7,321,237 |
Other EU Member State  | 2,119,454  |
Outside EU but within Europe  | 313,555  |
Outside Europe/ Non-European  | 5,201,782  |
Africa  | 3,596,143  |
Asia  | 925,183  |
North America  | 77,569  |
Caribbean, South or Central America  | 279,529  |
Oceania  | 9,803  |
|  |
Total  | 64,933,400 | 100%

Immigrants by country of birth as of 2022:[114]

Country  | Population

|

Italy | 887,800
Portugal | 836,400
Morocco | 573,000
Spain | 328,200
Algeria | 279,300
Tunisia | 243,100
Poland | 233,000
United Kingdom | 145,200
Romania | 139,100
Ivory Coast | 134,100
Germany | 133,700
Belgium | 119,300
Senegal | 113,900
North Macedonia | 105,400
Cameroon | 98,800
Haiti | 98,200
Switzerland | 96,500
Congo | 88,900
DR Congo | 87,700
Serbia | 85,100
Turkey | 79,900
Vietnam | 78,600
Russia | 75,200
Mali | 73,100
Guinea | 69,600
Brazil | 61,400
China | 55,000
Sri Lanka | 52,700
Cambodia | 51,100
Lebanon | 49,100
India | 48,600
Afghanistan | 44,700
Syria | 41,700
United States | 40,600
Albania | 39,500

In 2004, a total of 140,033 people immigrated to France. Of them, 90,250 were from Africa and 13,710 from Europe.[115] In 2005, immigration levels fell slightly to 135,890.[116] The European Union allows free movement between the member states. While the UK (along with Ireland and Sweden and non-EU members Norway and Switzerland) did not impose restrictions, France put in place controls to curb Eastern European migration.

As at 1 January 2006, INSEE estimated that there were 3.5 million foreigners living in metropolitan France. Two out of five foreigners are from Portugal, Algeria or Morocco. Thus, EU nationals immigrating to France account for 1.2 million people, and 1.1 million people are from the three Maghreb countries of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Immigrants are concentrated in Île-de-France, Rhone-Alpes, Provence and Côte d'Azur regions, accounting for 60% of the total immigrant population. Furthermore, there appears to be a lower rate of immigrants arriving from the EU since 1975 as opposed to an increase in African immigrants.[117]

In the first decade of the 21st century, the net migration rate was estimated to be 0.66 migrants per 1,000 population a year.[118] This is a very low rate of immigration compared to other European countries, the United States or Canada. Since the beginning of the 1990s, France has been attempting to curb immigration, first with the Pasqua laws, followed by both right-wing and socialist-issued laws. This trend is also demonstrated in anti-immigrant sentiments among the public. For example, the Pew Research Center in Washington, D.C. conducted a public opinion poll in February 2004 among French nationals. This poll measured the extent of support for restricting immigration among French nationals, by age cohort. 24% of individuals 18 to 29 were restricting immigration, with 33% of individuals 30 to 49 and 53% for both 50 to 64 and 65 and over.[119] Nearly nine years later, a January 2013 poll conducted in France by Ipsos found that 70% of respondents said that there were "too many immigrants in France".[120]

The immigration rate is currently lower than in other European countries such as United Kingdom and Spain; however, some say it is unlikely that the policies in themselves account for such a change. Again, as in the 1920s and 1930s, France stands in contrast with the rest of Europe. Back in the 1920s and 1930s, when other European countries had a high fertility rate, France had a low fertility rate and opened its doors to immigration to avoid a population decline. Today, it is the rest of Europe that has very low fertility rates, and countries like Germany or Spain avoid population decline only through immigration. In France, however, the fertility rate is still fairly high for European standards. It is, in fact, the highest in Europe after Ireland (the EU) and Albania (perhaps higher than Ireland's) and so most population growth is due to natural increase, unlike in the other European countries.[121]

The difference in immigration trends is also because the labour market in France is currently less dynamic than in other countries such as the UK, Ireland or Spain. One reason for this could be France's relatively high unemployment, which the country has struggled to reduce for the past two decades. There is also a parallel dynamic between immigration and unemployment. Immigrants tend to be subjected to higher rates of unemployment. In 2008, the immigrant unemployment rate in France was a startling 13%, twice as high as for the national population (6%).[122] One can further analyse the trend in relation to education. In the ministry's 2010 report on professional inclusion for immigrants, 19.6% of immigrants without any education were unemployed while 16.1% of immigrants who had graduated high school were unemployed. Only 11.4% of immigrants with an undergraduate degree or higher were unemployed.[123]

For example, according to the UK Office for National Statistics, between July 2001 and July 2004, the population of the UK increased by 721,500 inhabitants, of which 242,800 (34%) was due to natural increase, 478,500 (66%) to immigration.[124] According to the INSEE, between January 2001 and January 2004 the population of Metropolitan France increased by 1,057,000 inhabitants of which 678,000 (64%) was due to natural increase, 379,500 (36%) from immigration.[125]

The latest 2008 demographic statistics have been released, and France's birth and fertility rates have continued to rise. The fertility rate increased to 2.01 in 2012[36] and, for the first time, surpasses the fertility rate of the United States.[126]

#### North and South Americans in France

[edit]

Americans total more than 100,000[127] permanent residents in France, Canadians 11,931,[128] followed by Latin Americans, a growing subgroup, the most numerous of which are Brazilians, at 44,622,[129] followed by Colombians, at 40,000, Venezuelans, at 30,000,[130] Peruvians, at 22,002,[131] Argentineans, at 11,899,[132] and Chileans, 15,782.[133]

#### Europeans in France

[edit]

In 2014 The National Institute of Statistics (INSEE, for its acronym in French) published a study, according to which has doubled the number of Spanish immigrants, Portuguese and Italians in France between 2009 and 2012.

According to the French Institute, the increase resulting from the financial crisis that hit several European countries in that period, has pushed up the number of Europeans installed in France.[9] Statistics on Spanish immigrants in France show a growth of 107 percent between 2009 and 2012, i.e. in this period went from 5300 to 11,000 people.[110]

Of the total of 229,000 foreigners in France in 2012, nearly 8% were Portuguese, British 5%,[9] Spanish 5%, Italians 4%, Germans 4%, Romanians 3%, 3% Belgians.[9]

With the increase of Spanish, Portuguese and Italian in France, the weight of European immigrants arrived in 2012 to 46 percent, while this percentage for African reached 30%, with a presence in Morocco (7%), Algeria (7%) and Tunisia (3%).

Meanwhile, 14% of all immigrants who settled in France that year were from Asian countries: 3% of China and 2% in Turkey, while in America and Oceania constitute 10% of Americans and Brazilians accounted for higher percentage, 2% each.[9]

#### Maghrebis in France

[edit]

People of Maghrebi origin form the largest ethnic group in the country after those of European origin.

According to Michèle Tribalat, a researcher at INED, there were 3.5 million people of Maghrebi origin (with at least one grandparent from Algeria, Morocco or Tunisia) living in France in 2005 corresponding to 5.8% of the total French metropolitan population (60.7 million in 2005).[134] Maghrebis have settled mainly in the industrial regions in France, especially in the Paris region. Many famous French people like Edith Piaf,[135] Isabelle Adjani, Arnaud Montebourg, Alain Bashung, Dany Boon and many others have Maghrebi ancestry.

Below is a table of population of Maghrebi origin in France, numbers are in thousands:

Country  | 1999  | 2005  | % 1999/2005  | % French population (60.7 million in 2005)

|
|
|
|

Algeria | 1,577 | 1,865 | +18.3% | 3.1%
Immigrants | 574 | 679 |  |
Born in France | 1,003 | 1,186 |  |
Morocco | 1,005 | 1,201 | +19.5% | 2.0%
Immigrants | 523 | 625 |  |
Born in France | 482 | 576 |  |
Tunisia | 417 | 458 | +9.8% | 0.8%
Immigrants | 202 | 222 |  |
Born in France | 215 | 236 |  |
Total Maghreb | 2,999 | 3,524 | +17.5% | 5.8%
Immigrants | 1 299 | 1 526 |  | 2.5%
Born in France | 1 700 | 1 998 |  | 3.3%

In 2005, the percentage of young people under 18 of Maghrebi origin (at least one immigrant parent) was about 7% in Metropolitan France, 12% in Greater Paris and above 20% in French département of Seine-Saint-Denis.[136][137]

2005  | Seine-Saint-Denis | Val-de-Marne | Val-d'Oise | Lyon | Paris  | France

|
|
|
|
|
|

Total Maghreb | 22.0%  | 13.2%  | 13.0%  | 13.0%  | 12.1%  | 6.9%

According to other sources, between 5 and 6 million people of Maghrebin origin live in France corresponding to about 7–9% of the total French metropolitan population.[138]

#### Immigration policy

[edit]

As mentioned above, the French Ministry of Immigration, Integration, National Identity and Codevelopment was created immediately following the appointment of Nicolas Sarkozy as president of France in 2007. Immigration has been a relevant political dimension in France's agenda in recent years. Sarkozy's agenda has sharpened the focus placed on integration of immigrants living in France as well as their acquisition of national identity. The state of immigration policy in France is fourfold. Its pillars of immigration policy are to regulate migratory flows in and out of France, facilitate immigrants' integration and promote French identity, honor the French tradition's principle of welcoming political asylum and promote solidarity within the immigrant population (principle of co-development).[139] In its 2010 Budget report, the Ministry of Immigration declared it would fund €600 million for its immigration policy objectives, a figure representing 60 million more than in 2009 (otherwise an 11.5% increase from 2009 figures).[123]

In July 2006, President Sarkozy put into effect a law on immigration based upon the notion of "chosen immigration",[140] which allows immigration into France to a restricted field of employment sectors, notably the hotel and restaurant industries, construction and seasonal employment. The following summer of 2007, Sarkozy amended the law to require the acquisition of the French language as a pre-condition. According to Christophe Bertossi, immigration expert in France's Institut français des relations internationales (IFRI), "there is a dominant trend in the French policy to stem family migration, notably conditioned after the 2007 law by a minimum level of French language tested and by the demonstration that he/she endorses the main French constitutional principles".[141]

Despite Sarkozy's law, immigration from former colonies in the Maghreb and West Africa would end up steadily increasing under the presidencies of Nicolas Sarkozy, François Hollande and Emmanuel Macron.[142]

France, along with other EU countries, have still not signed their agreement to the United Nations Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families of 1990.[143] This convention is a treaty to protect migrant workers' rights, in recognition of their human rights.

Alternative policies have been discussed in formulating immigration policy, such as a quota system. At the beginning of 2008, as the government was rethinking its orientation on immigration policy with the creation of the new ministry, the idea of a quota system was introduced as a possible alternative. In early 2008, a proposal was made to Parliament to decide each year how many immigrants to accept, based on skill and origin. However, this quota policy contradicts the French Constitution. A commission was formed in February 2008 to study how the Constitution could be changed to allow for a quota system. The main difficulty is the origin principle of establishing a quota "constituting a breach in the universalistic ideology of the French Republic".[97]

On 18 January 2008, the government published a list of 150 job titles that were encountering difficult supply of labour.[144] Most immigrants living in France today are reported to cover the following sectors: agriculture, service to persons in need (childcare, the elderly), construction, education, health and services to businesses.[145] Thus, the government is seeking to match immigrants with the economic makeup of France. The current administration could also seek to integrate migrants and their families through education and training, making them more competitive in the job market. To tackle critical labour shortages, France also decided to participate in the EU Blue Card.

Therefore, the outlook towards immigrants in France is shifting as unemployment continues to dominate the political agenda, along with political incentives to strengthen French national identity. Recent incidents, such as the 2005 civil unrest and Romani repatriation have shed light on France's immigration policies and how these are viewed globally, especially in congruence or discontinuity with the EU. A longitudinal study has been conducted since March 2010 to provide qualitative research regarding the integration of new immigrants.[146] The report is being finalized at the end of December 2010 and will be most relevant to provide insight into further immigration policy analysis for the French government.

## Languages

[edit]

Main article: Languages of France

French is the only official language of France, and is constitutionally required to be the language of government and administration. There is a rising cultural awareness of the regional languages of France, which enjoy no official status.[citation needed] These regional languages include the Langues d'oïl, Occitan, Franco-Provençal, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Breton, Germanic languages like Alsatian, and several languages spoken in Overseas France. Immigrant groups from former French colonies and elsewhere have also brought their own languages.

## Religion

[edit]

Main article: Religion in France

Religion in France in 2017 by Ipsos (Ipsos Group)[147][clarification needed]

Catholicism (57.5%)

No religion (35.0%)

Other religion (3.5%)

Protestant (3%)

Unanswered (1.0%)

France has not collected religious or ethnic data in its censuses since the beginning of the Third Republic,[54][55] but the country's predominant faith has been Roman Catholicism since the early Middle Ages. Church attendance is fairly low, however, and the proportion of the population that is not religious has grown over the past century. A 2004 IFOP survey tallied that 44% of the French people did not believe in God; contrasted to 20% in 1947.[148] A study by the CSA Institute conducted in 2003 with a sample of 18,000 people found that 65.3% considered themselves Roman Catholic, while 27% considered themselves atheists, and 12.7% (8,065,000 people) belonged to a religion other than Catholicism.

In the early 21st century there were an estimated 5 million Muslims in France,[149] one million Protestants, 600,000 Buddhists, 491,000 Jews,[150] and 150,000 Orthodox Christians.[citation needed] The US State Department's International Religious Freedom Report 2004[151] estimated the French Hindu population at 181,312. These studies did not ask the respondents if they were practicing or how often they did practice if they were active in the laity.

According to a poll conducted in 2001 for French Catholic magazine La Croix, 69% of respondents were Roman Catholic, 22% agnostic or atheist, 2% Protestant (Calvinist, Lutheran, Anglican and Evangelical), and 7% belonged to other religions.[152]

According to a 2015 estimate of CIA World Factbook the numbers are: Christian (overwhelmingly Roman Catholic) 63-66%, Muslim 7-9%, Jewish 0.5-0.75%, Buddhist 0.5-0.75%, other 0.5-1.0%, none 23-28%.[153]

## List of France's largest aires urbaines (metropolitan areas)

[edit]

The following is a list of the twenty largest aires urbaines (metropolitan areas) in France, based on their population at the 2015 census. Population at the 2006 census is indicated for comparison.

Between 2006 and 2011, Toulouse, Rennes, Montpellier, Nantes, Bordeaux and Lyon had the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in France.

Rank
(2015)  | Rank
(2006)  | Aire urbaine
(metropolitan area)[154] | Population
(2015)  | Population
(2006)  | Yearly change
(2006–2011)  | Land area
(km2)

|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | 1  |  Paris[155] | 12,532,901  | 11,956,493  | +0.56%  | 17,174
2  | 2  |  Lyon[156] | 2,291,763  | 2,085,107  | +0.98%  | 6,019
3  | 3  |  Marseille \- Aix-en-Provence[157] | 1,752,938  | 1,692,459  | +0.33%  | 3,174
4  | 4  |  Toulouse[158] | 1,330,954  | 1,169,865  | +1.34%  | 5,381
5  | 5  |  Lille (French part) [159] | 1,215,769  | 1,152,507  | +0.12%  | 926
6  | 6  |  Bordeaux[160] | 1,184,708  | 1,086,106  | +0.99%  | 5,613
7  | 7  |  Nice[161] | 1,005,891  | 995,968  | +0.16%  | 2,585
8  | 8  |  Nantes[162] | 949,316  | 841,404  | +1.00%  | 3,302
9  | 9  |  Strasbourg (French part) [163] | 780,515  | 749,766  | +0.38%  | 2,198
10  | 12  |  Rennes[164] | 719,840  | 637,673  | +1.29%  | 3,747
11  | 10  |  Grenoble[165] | 690,050  | 659,459  | +0.47%  | 2,621
12  | 11  |  Rouen[166] | 663,743  | 643,499  | +0.36%  | 2,367
13  | 13  |  Toulon[167] | 622,895  | 598,514  | +0.28%  | 1,196
14  | 15  |  Montpellier[168] | 599,965  | 529,401  | +1.18%  | 1,673
15  | 14  |  Douai \- Lens[169] | 539,715  | 545,636  | −0.10%  | 679
16  | 17  |  Avignon[170] | 527,731  | 501,866  | +0.52%  | 2,083
17  | 16  |  Saint-Étienne[171] | 515,585  | 508,284  | +0.01%  | 1,689
18  | 18  |  Tours[172] | 492,722  | 469,244  | +0.47%  | 3,184
19  | 19  |  Clermont-Ferrand[173] | 479,096  | 454,553  | +0.55%  | 2,420
20  | 20  |  Nancy[174] | 435,336  | 432,481  | +0.10%  | 2,367

Urbanization

urban population: 81% of total population (2020)
rate of urbanization: 0.72% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

## See also

[edit]

* French people – officially a nationality, also discusses overseas French descendants.
* List of French people of immigrant origin
* List of French people
* Racism in France
* List of fifteen largest French metropolitan areas by population
* INSEE code
* Pieds-noirs, the name for French settlers in Algeria
* Caldoches
* Population of Paris
* Jews in France
* French immigration to Puerto Rico
* French Portuguese
* French Canadian
* French American
* Franco-Mauritian
* Roma in France
* Immigration statistics in France

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases.

## References

[edit]

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3. ^ a b c d "Indicateur conjoncturel de fécondité en 2020". INSEE. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
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5. ^ Population of Metropolitan France: [1]. The population of all five overseas departments totaled 2,172,000 [2] in January 2021. The population of the overseas collectivities amounted to 613,000 inhabitants (Saint-Pierre and Miquelon [3], Saint-Barthélemy [4], Saint-Martin [5], French Polynesia [6], Wallis et Futuna [7], New Caledonia [8]). The total population of the overseas departments and territories of France is estimated at 2,785,000.
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16. ^ Having two foreign-born parents does not mean that the granting of French citizenship is an automatic birthright.
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18. ^ a b Les immigrés, les descendants d'immigrés et leurs enfants, Pascale Breuil-Genier, Catherine Borrel, Bertrand Lhommeau; Insee.fr, 2011
19. ^ "French plan to break taboo on ethnic data causes uproar". the Guardian. 23 March 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2022. "The 1978 law that bans collecting ethnic data has roots in France's shame over collaboration with the Nazis during the second world war, when Jews were marked with yellow stars and sent to death camps."
20. ^ a b c d e Huss, Marie-Monique (1 September 1990). "Pronatalism in the Inter-War Period in France". Journal of Contemporary History. 25 (1): 39–68. doi:10.1177/002200949002500102. JSTOR 260720. S2CID 162316833.
21. ^ a b c d Jackson, Julian (2001). France: The Dark Years, 1940-1944. Oxford University Press. pp. 31–33, 103–104. ISBN 978-0-19-820706-1.
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24. ^ Leslie King, "'France needs children'" Sociological Quarterly (1998) 39#1 pp: 33-52.
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26. ^ According to the table File:Turkey-demography.png
27. ^ Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation based average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). Average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year.
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50. ^ a b "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
51. ^ T61 – Nés vivants selon la nationalité détaillée des parents et leur situation matrimoniale, INSEE.
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54. ^ a b c Oppenheimer, David B. (2008). "Why France needs to collect data on racial identity...in a French way". Hastings International and Comparative Law Review. 31 (2): 735–752. SSRN 1236362.
55. ^ a b Shendruk, Amanda (8 July 2021). "Are you even trying to stop racism if you don't collect data on race?". Quartz. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
56. ^ Louis-Georges, Tin (2008). "Who is afraid of Blacks in France? The Black question: The name taboo, the number taboo". French Politics, Culture & Society. 26 (1): 32–44. doi:10.3167/fpcs.2008.260103.
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60. ^ How does France count its Muslim population?, Le Figaro, April 2011
61. ^ Éric Gailledrat, Les Ibères de l'Èbre à l'Hérault (VIe-IVe s. avant J.-C.), Lattes, Sociétés de la Protohistoire et de l'Antiquité en France Méditerranéenne, Monographies d'Archéologie Méditerranéenne – 1, 1997
62. ^ Dominique Garcia: Entre Ibères et Ligures. Lodévois et moyenne vallée de l'Hérault protohistoriques. Paris, CNRS éd., 1993; Les Ibères dans le midi de la France. L'Archéologue, n°32, 1997, pp. 38–40
63. ^ "HISTORY OF FRANCE". Historyworld.net. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
64. ^ "Les Gaulois figurent seulement parmi d'autres dans la multitude de couches de peuplement fort divers (Ligures, Ibères, Latins, Francs et Alamans, Nordiques, Sarrasins...) qui aboutissent à la population du pays à un moment donné ", Jean-Louis Brunaux, Nos ancêtres les Gaulois, éd. Seuil, 2008, p. 261
65. ^ "Notre Midi a sa pinte de sang sarrasin", Fernand Braudel, L'identité de la France – Les Hommes et les Choses (1986), Flammarion, 1990, p. 215
66. ^ "Les premiers musulmans arrivèrent en France à la suite de l'occupation de l'Espagne par les Maures, il y a plus d'un millénaire, et s'installèrent dans les environs de Toulouse – et jusqu'en Bourgogne. À Narbonne, les traces d'une mosquée datant du VIIIe siècle sont le témoignage de l'ancienneté de ce passé. Lors de la célèbre, et en partie mythologique, bataille de Poitiers en 732, dont les historiens reconsidèrent aujourd'hui l'importance, Charles Martel aurait stoppé la progression des envahisseurs arabes. Des réfugiés musulmans qui fuyaient la Reconquista espagnole, et plus tard l'Inquisition, firent souche en Languedoc-Roussillon et dans le Pays basque français, ainsi que dans le Béarn", Justin Vaïsse, Intégrer l'Islam, Odile Jacob, 2007, pp. 32–33
67. ^ " Les Sarrasins gardèrent longtemps sur les côtes de la Provence, à la Garde-Freinet, un solide point d'appui et de là purent faire des incursions dans une partie de la France. Au huitième siècle, lors de l'invasion des Berbères dit Arabes, ceux-ci avaient pénétré jusque dans la vallée de la Loire : on parle même de leur venue dans la région orientale de la France, à Luxeuil, dans les Vosges et devant Metz. [...] les observations des anthropologistes ne permettent pas de douter que nombre de familles françaises dans les bassins de la Garonne et du Rhône ne soient issus des envahisseurs musulmans, Berbères modifiés par leur croisement avec les Espagnols, les Arabes et les noirs d'Afrique.", Élisée Reclus, Nouvelle géographie universelle: la terre et les hommes, Élisée Reclus, éd. Hachette, 1881, t. 2, chap. 1-Vue d'ensemble – Le milieu et la race, Ançêtres de Français, p. 45-46
68. ^ "L'élément sémitique, juif et arabe, était fort en Languedoc. Narbonne avait été longtemps la capitale des Sarrasins en France. (...) Ces nobles du Midi étaient des gens d'esprit qui savaient bien la plupart que penser de leur noblesse. Il n'y en avait guère qui, en remontant un peu, ne rencontrassent dans leur généalogie quelque grand-mère sarrasine ou juive.", Jules Michelet, Histoire de France, éd. Chamerot, 1861, t. 2, p. 335
69. ^ "Bien que le séjour des Arabes en France n'ait été constitué que par une série de courtes invasions, ils ont laissé des traces profondes de leur passage dans la langue, et [...] ils en ont laissé également dans le sang. [...] L'ethnologie nous en fournit la preuve, en retrouvant, après tant de siècles, des descendants des Arabes sur plusieurs parties de notre sol. Dans le département de la Creuse, dans les Hautes-Alpes, et notamment dans plusieurs localités situées autour de Montmaure (montagne des Maures), dans le canton de Baignes (Charente), de même que dans certains villages des Landes, du Roussillon, du Languedoc, du Béarn, les descendants des Arabes sont facilement reconnaissables.", Gustave Le Bon, La Civilisation des Arabes (1884), La Fontaine au Roy, 1990, p. 237
70. ^ "Il est certain que, de nos jours, on peut encore trouver en France des descendants des Sarrasins, notamment dans toute la région du sud de la Loire, dans les monts d'Auvergne, en Guyenne, en Languedoc et en Provence, voire même en Bourgogne.", René Martial, La Race française (1934), Mercure de France, 1934, p. 101-102
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72. ^ Waughray, Vernon (1960). "The French Racial Scene: North African Immigrants in France". Race. 2 (1): 60–70. doi:10.1177/030639686000200105. ISSN 0033-7277.
73. ^ Yazid Sabeg et Laurence Méhaignerie, Les oubliés de l'égalité des chances, Institut Montaigne, January 2004. Page 80
74. ^ Crumley, Bruce (8 August 2018). "Should France Start Counting Its Minority Population? - TIME". Time. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
75. ^ France's crisis of national identity, The Independent, Wednesday, 25 November 2009
76. ^ Les personnes originaires d'Afrique, des Dom-Tom et de la Turquie sont 5,5 millions dans l'Hexagone Archived 2 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Afrik.com, 12 February 2009
77. ^ Tribalat, Michèle (1 July 2015). "Une estimation des populations d'origine étrangère en France en 2011". Espace Populations Sociétés. Space Populations Societies (2015/1–2). doi:10.4000/eps.6073 - via eps.revues.org.
78. ^ Les descendants d'immigrés vivant en Île-de-France Archived 2011-10-28 at the Wayback Machine, IAU Idf, Note rapide Société, n° 531
79. ^ Cohen, Robin (2 November 1995). The Cambridge Survey of World Migration. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521444057 - via Google Books.
80. ^ "Les personnes d'origine maghrébine y sont également au nombre de 5 à 6 millions; 3,5 millions ont la nationalité française (dont 500 000 harkis)", Robert Castel, La discrimination négative, Paris, La République des idées/Seuil, 2007
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85. ^ a b c Répartition des immigrés par pays de naissance 2008, Insee.fr, October 2011
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87. ^ Qui sont les nouveaux immigrés qui vivent en France, Sudouest.fr, 2011
88. ^ Hargreaves, Alec G., Multi-Ethnic France, Routledge, New York, New York, 2007, 265 pages, pages 16–17
89. ^ Cohen, Robin (2 November 1995). The Cambridge Survey of World Migration. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521444057 - via Google Books.
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96. ^ Freedman, Jane, Immigration and Insecurity in France, Ashgate Publishing Limited, Hants, England, 2004, 182 p., page 42
97. ^ a b Bertossi, Christophe, France: the state strives to shape "chosen immigration", IFRI, Paris, July 2008
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99. ^ Smith, Craig S. Face behind Paris 'bistro' counter becomes Asian. International Herald Tribune, 10 May 2005.
100. ^ "Immigration is hardly a recent development in French history, as Gérard Noiriel amply demonstrates in his history of French immigration, The French Melting Pot. Noiriel estimates that one third of the population currently living in France is of "foreign" descent", Marie-Christine Weidmann-Koop, France at the dawn of the twenty-first century, trends and transformations, Summa Publications, Inc., 2000, p. 160. [Noiriel’s Le Creuset français was published in 1989.]
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103. ^ Unrest in France, November 2005: immigration, islam and the challenge of integration Archived 6 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Justin Vaïsse, Presentation to Congressional Staff, 10 and 12 January 2006, Washington, DC
104. ^ "Compared with the Europeans, the Tunisians belong to a much more recent wave of migration and occupy a much less favourable socioeconomic position, yet their pattern of marriage behaviour is nonetheless similar.... Algerian and Moroccan immigrants have a higher propensity to exogamy than Asians or Portuguese but a much weaker labour market position.... Confirming the results from other analyses of immigrant assimilation in France, this study shows that North Africans seem to be characterized by a high degree of cultural integration (reflected in a relatively high propensity to exogamy, notably for Tunisians) that contrasts with a persistent disadvantage in the labour market".Intermarriage and assimilation: disparities in levels of exogamy among immigrants in France, Mirna Safi, Volume 63 2008/2
105. ^ Emmanuel Todd, Le destin des immigrés: assimilation et ségrégation dans les démocraties occidentales, Paris, 1994, p.307
106. ^ Many famous French people, including Edith Piaf, Zinedine Zidane, Isabelle Adjani, Alain Bashung, Claude Zidi, Arnaud Montebourg, Catherine Belkhodja, Jacques Villeret and Dany Boon, are partly of Algerian descent.
107. ^ Smith, Craig S. (5 November 2005). "Immigrant Rioting Flares in France for Ninth Night". The New York Times.
108. ^ "French unions claim 3m on street". BBC News. 19 March 2009.
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112. ^ Fiches thématiques – Population immigrée – Immigrés – Insee Références – Édition 2012, Insee.fr, 2012
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## Further reading

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Main article: Bibliography of France § Demographics

## External links

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* Inflow of third-country nationals by country of nationality, by year
* (in French) Audio book (mp3) – Introduction and first chapter of Éric Maurin's book Le ghetto français, enquête sur le séparatisme social
* (in French) Population of French communes with more than 2,000 inhabitants
* (in French) Une question de la seconde génération en France – Le rôle de l'école dans la formation d'une identité minoritaire, par Patrick Simon
* France opens first museum dedicated to the history of immigration – Networkeurope.org
* Population cartogram of France
* Immigration expert Mr. Patrick Weil, has written extensively on the topic and is a well-respected intellectual voice in France.
* French immigration motives in numbers, INSEE
* Ministerial webpage
* Population statistics, INSEE webpage
* Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Migration office
* Official migration reports, immigration.gouv.fr
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