Demographics of the Philippines

Philippines population pyramid in 2020

Population| 109,033,245 (2020 census)
Growth rate| 1.63% (2015–2020)[1]
Birth rate| 12.4 births/1,000 population
(2021)[2]
Death rate| 8.0 deaths/1,000 population (2021)[3]
Life expectancy| 72.66 years
• male| 68.72 years
• female| 74.74 years (2011 est.)
Fertility rate| 1.9 children born/woman (2022 est.)[4]
Infant mortality rate| 11.0 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate| −1.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years| 29.98%
(male 17,006,677/female 16,036,437)
15–64 years| 64.22%
(male 35,879,693/female 34,885,763)
65 and over| 5.80%
(male 2,754,813/female 3,635,271) (2021 est.)
Sex ratio
Total| 1 male(s)/female
At birth| 1.05 male(s)/female
Under 15| 1.04 male(s)/female
15–64 years| 1 male(s)/female
65 and over| 0.76 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality| Filipinos
Major ethnic| Visayan (Cebuano, Waray, Hiligaynon/Ilonggo, Karay-a, Aklanon, Masbatenyo, Romblomanon) 31.6%, Tagalog 28.1% (2000 census)
Minor ethnic| Ilocano 9%, Bikol 6%, Kapampangan 3%, Pangasinan 2%, Zamboangueño 1.5% & others 23.3% (2000 census)
Language
Official| Filipino (Tagalog) and English[5]
Spoken| Recognized regional languages: Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Bicolano, Waray, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Maranao, Maguindanao, Zamboangueño Chavacano and Tausug
Protected auxiliary languages: Spanish and Arabic

Demography of the Philippines records the human population, including its population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects. The Philippines annualized population growth rate between the years 2015–2020 was 1.53%.[6] According to the 2020 census, the population of the Philippines is 109,033,245.[7] The first census in the Philippines was held in the year 1591 which counted 667,612 people.[8]

The majority of Filipinos are lowland Austronesians,[9] while the Aetas (Negritos), as well as other highland groups form a minority. The indigenous population is related to the indigenous populations of the Malay Archipelago. Some ethnic groups that have been in the Philippines for centuries before Spanish and American colonial rule have assimilated or intermixed. 600,000 people from the United States live in the Philippines.[10] They represent 0.56% of the total population. The ethnic groups include Han Chinese, Arabs, Indians and Japanese which form parts of the population.[11]

The most commonly spoken indigenous languages are Tagalog and Cebuano, with 23.8 million (45 million speakers as Filipino) and 16 million speakers, respectively. Nine other indigenous languages have at least one million native speakers: Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Waray, Bicolano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Maranao, Maguindanao, and Tausug. One or more of these are spoken as a mother tongue by more than 93% of the population. Filipino and English are the official languages but there are between 120 and 170 distinct indigenous Philippine languages (depending on expert classifications).

## Population history[edit]

The historical population of the Philippines Philippines population density Map per province as of 2009 per square kilometer:

0–50

51–100

101–200

201–300

301–400

401–800

801–1600

The first census in the Philippines was in 1591, based on tributes collected. The tributes counted the total founding population of the Spanish-Philippines as 667,612 people.[12]: 177 [13][14] 20,000 were Chinese migrant traders,[15] at different times: around 15,600 individuals were Latino soldier-colonists who were cumulatively sent from Peru and Mexico and they were shipped to the Philippines annually,[16][17] 3,000 were Japanese residents,[18] and 600 were pure Spaniards from Europe.[19] There was a large but unknown number of South Asian Filipinos, as the majority of the slaves imported into the archipelago were from Bengal and Southern India,[20] adding Dravidian speaking South Indians and Indo-European speaking Bengalis into the ethnic mix.

The rest were Austronesians and Negritos. With 667,612 people, during this era, the Philippines was among the most sparsely populated lands in Asia. In contrast, Japan during that era (the 1500s) had a population of 8 Million or Mexico had a population of 4 million, which was huge compared to the Philippine's 600,000. In 1600, the method of population counting was revamped by the Spanish officials, who then based the counting of the population through church records.

Stephanie J. Mawson, by rummaging through records in the archives of Mexico[21] discovered that the Spaniards were not the only immigrant group to the Philippines; Peru and Mexico too sent soldiers to the islands,[21] and in fact outnumbered the Spaniards who immigrated to the Philippines.[21]

Geographic distribution and year of settlement of the Latin-American immigrant soldiers assigned to the Philippines in the 1600s.[21] Location | 1603  | 1636  | 1642  | 1644  | 1654  | 1655  | 1670  | 1672

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Manila[21] | 900  | 446  | —  | 407  | 821  | 799  | 708  | 667
Fort Santiago[21] | —  | 22  | —  | —  | 50  | —  | 86  | 81
Cavite[21] | —  | 70  | —  | —  | 89  | —  | 225  | 211
Cagayan[21] | 46  | 80  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 155  | 155
Calamianes[21] | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 73  | 73
Caraga[21] | —  | 45  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 81  | 81
Cebu[21] | 86  | 50  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 135  | 135
Formosa[21] | —  | 180  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
Moluccas[21] | 80  | 480  | 507  | —  | 389  | —  | —  | —
Otón[21] | 66  | 50  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 169  | 169
Zamboanga[21] | —  | 210  | —  | —  | 184  | —  | —  | —
Other[21] | 255  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
[21] | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
Total Reinforcements[21] | 1,533 | 1,633 | 2,067 | 2,085 | n/a | n/a | 1,632 | 1,572

In 1798, the population of Luzon or Luconia was estimated to be around 600,000 with the other islands, unknown. 200,000 of the 600,000 population were of mixed-raced descent of either Spanish, Chinese or Latin-American admixture. 5,000 enlisted soldiers on that year, were of South American descent, while 2,500 were pure Spanish officers. There were 20,000 new Chinese immigrants.[22] The book, "Intercolonial Intimacies Relinking Latin/o America to the Philippines, 1898–1964 By Paula C. Park" citing "Forzados y reclutas: los criollos novohispanos en Asia (1756–1808)" gave a higher number of later Mexican soldier-immigrants to the Philippines, pegging the number at 35,000 immigrants in the 1700s in a population of only 1.5 Million thus forming 2.33% of the population.[23][24]

In 1799, Friar Manuel Buzeta estimated the population of all the Philippine islands as 1,502,574.[25] Despite the number of Mixed Spanish-Filipino descent being the lowest, they may be more common than expected as many Spaniards often had Filipino concubines and mistresses and they frequently produced children out of wedlock.[26]: 272

In the late 1700s to early 1800s, Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga, an Agustinian Friar, in his Two Volume Book: "Estadismo de las islas Filipinas"[27][28] compiled a census of the Spanish-Philippines based on the tribute counts (Which represented an average family of seven to ten children[29] and two parents, per tribute)[30] and came upon the following statistics:

Data reported for the 1800 as divided by ethnicity and province[27][28] Province  | Native Tributes  | Spanish Mestizo Tributes  | All Tributes[a]

|
|
|

Tondo[27]: 539 | 14,437-1/2  | 3,528  | 27,897-7
Cavite[27]: 539 | 5,724-1/2  | 859  | 9,132-4
Laguna[27]: 539 | 14,392-1/2  | 336  | 19,448-6
Batangas[27]: 539 | 15,014  | 451  | 21,579-7
Mindoro[27]: 539 | 3,165  | 3-1/2  | 4,000-8
Bulacan[27]: 539 | 16,586-1/2  | 2,007  | 25,760-5
Pampanga[27]: 539 | 16,604-1/2  | 2,641  | 27,358-1
Bataan[27]: 539 | 3,082  | 619  | 5,433
Zambales[27]: 539 | 1,136  | 73  | 4,389
Ilocos[28]: 31 | 44,852-1/2  | 631  | 68,856
Pangasinan[28]: 31 | 19,836  | 719-1/2  | 25,366
Cagayan[28]: 31 | 9,888  | 0  | 11,244-6
Camarines[28]: 54 | 19,686-1/2  | 154-1/2  | 24,994
Albay[28]: 54 | 12,339  | 146  | 16,093
Tayabas[28]: 54 | 7,396  | 12  | 9,228
Cebu[28]: 113 | 28,112-1/2  | 625  | 28,863
Samar[28]: 113 | 3,042  | 103  | 4,060
Leyte[28]: 113 | 7,678  | 37-1/2  | 10,011
Caraga[28]: 113 | 3,497  | 0  | 4,977
Misamis[28]: 113 | 1,278  | 0  | 1,674
Negros Island[28]: 113 | 5,741  | 0  | 7,176
Iloilo[28]: 113 | 29,723  | 166  | 37,760
Capiz[28]: 113 | 11,459  | 89  | 14,867
Antique[28]: 113 | 9,228  | 0  | 11,620
Calamianes[28]: 113 | 2,289  | 0  | 3,161
TOTAL | 299,049 | 13,201 |  424,992-16

The Spanish-Filipino population as a proportion of the provinces widely varied; with as high as 19% of the population of Tondo province [27]: 539 (The most populous province and former name of Manila), to Pampanga 13.7%,[27]: 539 Cavite at 13%,[27]: 539 Laguna 2.28%,[27]: 539 Batangas 3%,[27]: 539 Bulacan 10.79%,[27]: 539 Bataan 16.72%,[27]: 539 Ilocos 1.38%,[28]: 31 Pangasinan 3.49%,[28]: 31 Albay 1.16%,[28]: 54 Cebu 2.17%,[28]: 113 Samar 3.27%,[28]: 113 Iloilo 1%,[28]: 113 Capiz 1%,[28]: 113 Bicol 20%,[31] and Zamboanga 40%.[31] Summing up all the provinces including those with no Spanish Filipinos, all in all, in the total population of the Philippines, Spanish Filipinos composed 5% of the population.[27][28]

The first official census was in 1878, when the population as of midnight on December 31, 1877, was counted. This was followed by the 1887 census, with the 1898 census not completed. The 1887 census yielded a count of 5,984,727 excluding non-Christians.[32]

In the 1860s to 1890s, in the urban areas of the Philippines, especially at Manila, according to burial statistics, as much as 3.3% of the population were pure European Spaniards and the pure Chinese were as high as 9.9%.[33] The Spanish-Filipino and Chinese-Filipino mestizo populations may have fluctuated. Eventually, everybody belonging to these non-native categories diminished because they were assimilated into and chose to self-identify as pure Filipinos.[33]: 82 Since during the Philippine Revolution, the term "Filipino" included anybody born in the Philippines coming from any race.[34][35] That would explain the abrupt drop of otherwise high Chinese, Spanish and mestizo percentages across the country by the time of the first American census in 1903.[33]

### 1903 census[edit]

In 1903 the population of the Philippines was recounted by American authorities to fulfill Act 467. The survey yielded 7,635,426 people, including 56,138 who were foreign-born.[36]

### 1920 census[edit]

According to the 1920 United States Census, there were 10,314,310 people in the Philippines.[37] 99 percent were Filipino; 51,751 were either Chinese or Japanese; 34,563 were of mixed race; 12,577 were Caucasian; and 7,523 were African.[37]

### 1939[edit]

The 1939 census was undertaken in conformity with Section 1 of Commonwealth Act 170.[38] The Philippine population figure was 16,000,303.[39]

### 1941[edit]

In 1941 the estimated population of the Philippines reached 17,000,000.[40] Manila's population was 684,000.[41]

By then, some 27% of the population could speak English as a second language, while the number of Spanish speakers as first language had further fallen to 3% from 10 to 14% at the beginning of the century. In 1936, Tagalog was selected to be the basis for a national language.[42][unreliable source] In 1987, the Filipino language, a standard language based on Tagalog, was imposed as the national language and as one of the two official languages alongside English.[43]

### 1966[edit]

The country ranks 18th in the world with 33,704,749 people, an increase of 899,211 people compared to 1965 data.[44] Comparing the 1941 population of 17,000,000, the increase nearly doubled, reaching 16,704,749 in 25 years.

### Philippine census surveys[edit]

Main article: Philippines census

Census Population 1960–2020[45] 1960  | 1970  | 1975  | 1980  | 1990  | 1995  | 2000  | 2007  | 2010  | 2015  | 2020

|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|

27,087,685  | 36,684,486  | 42,070,660  | 48,098,460  | 60,703,206  | 68,616,536  | 76,506,928  | 88,566,732  | 92,337,852  | 100,981,437  | 109,033,245

In 1960, the government of the Philippines conducted a survey on both population, and housing. The population was pegged at 27,087,685. Successive surveys were again conducted in 1970, 1975, 1980, and 1990, which gave the population as 36,684,948, 42,070,660, 48,098,460, and 60,703,206 respectively. In 1995, the POPCEN was launched, undertaken at the month of September, The data provided the bases for the Internal Revenue Allocation to local government units, and for the creation of new legislative areas. The count was made official by then President Fidel Ramos by Proclamation No, 849 on August 14, 1995, The population was 68,616,536.

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## Vital statistics[edit]

### UN estimates[edit]

World population prospects, 2010[46] Period  | Live births per year  | Deaths per year  | Natural change per year  | CBR1 | CDR1 | NC1 | TFR1 | IMR1

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1950–1955  | 981 000  | 269 000  | 712 000  | 48.6  | 13.3  | 35.3  | 7.42  | 96.8
1955–1960  | 1,095,000  | 285 000  | 810 000  | 45.7  | 11.9  | 33.8  | 7.27  | 86.5
1960–1965  | 1,218,000  | 299 000  | 919 000  | 43.0  | 10.6  | 32.5  | 6.98  | 77.4
1965–1970  | 1,334,000  | 311 000  | 1,023,000  | 40.4  | 9.4  | 31.0  | 6.54  | 67.8
1970–1975  | 1,461,000  | 326 000  | 1,136,000  | 38.3  | 8.5  | 29.8  | 5.98  | 59.3
1975–1980  | 1,643,000  | 346 000  | 1,297,000  | 37.4  | 7.9  | 29.5  | 5.46  | 51.8
1980–1985  | 1,801,000  | 368 000  | 1,433,000  | 35.6  | 7.3  | 28.3  | 4.92  | 45.2
1985–1990  | 1,968,000  | 393 000  | 1,575,000  | 34.0  | 6.8  | 27.2  | 4.53  | 39.5
1990–1995  | 2,084,000  | 419 000  | 1,664,000  | 31.8  | 6.4  | 25.4  | 4.14  | 34.5
1995–2000  | 2,216,000  | 450 000  | 1,766,000  | 30.2  | 6.1  | 24.1  | 3.90  | 30.1
2000–2005  | 2,360,000  | 487 000  | 1,873,000  | 28.8  | 5.5  | 23.3  | 3.70  | 26.3
2005–2010  | 2,318,000  | 528 000  | 1,790,000  | 25.9  | 5.5  | 20.4  | 3.30  | 23.0
2010–2015  |  |  |  | 24.1  | 5.8  | 18.3  | 3.05  |
2015–2020  |  |  |  | 20.6  | 5.8  | 14.8  | 2.58  |
2020–2025  |  |  |  | 19.6  | 6.2  | 13.4  | 2.45  |
2025–2030  |  |  |  | 18.6  | 6.5  | 12.1  | 2.34  |
1CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births
Population density (2010)

### Fertility and births[edit]

Total fertility rate (TFR) (wanted fertility rate) and crude birth rate (CBR):[47] [48]

Year  | CBR (total)  | TFR (total)  | CBR (urban)  | TFR (urban)  | CBR (rural)  | TFR (rural)

|
|
|
|
|
|

1993  | 29.7  | 4.09 (2.9)  | 28.5  | 3.53 (2.6)  | 30.9  | 4.82 (3.3)
1998  | 28.0  | 3.73 (2.7)  | 25.8  | 3.01 (2.3)  | 30.1  | 4.67 (3.3)
2003  | 25.6  | 3.5 (2.5)  | 24.7  | 3.0 (2.2)  | 26.7  | 4.3 (3.0)
2008  | 23.4  | 3.3 (2.4)  | 21.6  | 2.8 (2.1)  | 24.6  | 3.8 (2.7)
2013  | 22.1  | 3.0 (2.2)  | 21.5  | 2.6 (1.9)  | 22.6  | 3.5 (2.5)
2017  | 18.6  | 2.7 (2.0)  | 18.4  | 2.4 (1.8)  | 18.7  | 2.9 (2.2)
2022  | 13.3  | 1.9 (1.5)  | 12.7  | 1.7 (1.3)  | 14.0  | 2.2 (1.7)

#### Single mother phenomenon and illegitimate birth rate[edit]

See also: Abortion in the Philippines, Likhaan - the abortion advocacy NGO and free abortion clinic, Law regarding the illegitimate child, Filial responsibility laws holding children responsible for parents well being, Inheritance laws of Philippines, and Nonmarital birth rates by country

More than half of the children born every year in the Philippines are illegitimate, and the percentage of illegitimate children is rising by 2% per year.[49][50][51][52] The percentage of unwed woman in live-in relationship is consistently rising e.g. from 5.2% in 1993 to 18.8% in 2022, i.e. over 30 years the percentage of women in live-in increased nearly 360%; and the percentage of women in a married arrangement is consistently decreasing every year e.g. from 54.4% in 1993 to 36.2% in 2022, i.e. over 30 years 33% less woman chose to marry.[53]

Reporting
Year  | % of women in live-in relationship  | % increase in women in live-in relationship  | % of women in marriages  | % change in women in marriages  | PSA sources

|
|
|
|
|

2022  |

18.8%

1.3%

36.2%

| -6.2%  | [53]
2017  |

17.5%

3.0%

42.4%

| -3.4%  | [53]
2013  |

14.5%

3.3%

45.8%

| -4.9%  | [53]
2008  |

11.2%

3.2%

50.7%

| -4.9%  | [53]
2003  |

8.0%

1.8%

55.6%

| -2.2%  | [53]
1998  |

6.2%

1.0%

53.4%

| -1.0%  | [53]
1993  |

5.2%

| —  |

54.4%

| —  | [53]

The following table, based on the annual official data sourced from Philippine Statistics Authority, shows the growing annual trend of illegitimate child births by percentages:

Reporting
Year  | Nationwide % of illegitimate children born every year  | Nationwide % increase in illegitimate children compared to previous year  | % of illegitimate children born in NCR every year  | % of illegitimate children born in ARMM every year  | PSA sources

|
|
|
|
|

2021 | 57.1% | 0.1% | 69.2% | 5.2% | [54]
2020 | 57.0% | 2.2% | 68.4% | 5.4% | [55]
2019 | 54.8% | 0.5% | 66.2% | 4.8% | [56]
2018 | 54.3% | 1.0% | 65.8% | 4.3% | [57]
2017 | 53.3% | 4.1% | 64.9% | 4.3% | [58]
2016 | 49.2% | −2.9% | 59.9% | 4.8% | [59]
2015 | 52.1% | 1.8% | 63.0% | 6.2% | [60]
2014 | 50.3% | 2.1% | 62.0% | 6.6% | [61]
2013 | 48.2% | 2.5% | 60.9% | 6.6% | [62]
2012 | 45.7% | 1.1% | 58.5% | 5.4% | [63]
2011 | 44.6% | 7.1% | 56.9% | 7.6% | [64]
2008 | 37.5% | NA | NA | NA | [65]

First time single mothers are mainly due to the teenage pregnancy among girls in the 17 to 19 years old age bracket, thus getting trapped in the cycle of poverty and abuse.[66] Some females become prostitutes in the Philippines after they become unwed single mothers[67] from teenage pregnancy. As of 2016 more than half of Filipina women did not want additional children, but access to contraceptives was limited, and many people were hesitant to use what contraceptives were available due to opposition from the Catholic Church.[68][69] The reasons for the high illegitimate birthrate and single motherhood include the unpopularity of artificial contraception[70] inadequate sex education, delays in implementing birth control legislation and a machismo attitude among many Filipino males. There are three million household heads without a spouse, two million of whom were female (2015 PSA estimates).

Between 2010 and 2014, 54% of all pregnancies in the Philippines (1.9 million pregnancies) were unintended. Consequently, 9% of women between 15 and 19 years of age have begun childbearing, and every year there are 610 000 unsafe abortions. In 2017, modern contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) in "the Philippines was 40% among married women of reproductive age and 17% among unmarried sexually active women" and "Forty-six percent of married women used no contraceptive method in 2017 and 14% a traditional method." The "unmet need for family planning' which is the lack of access of contraceptives to women do not want to have more children or wish to delay having children was 17% among married women and 49% among unmarried and among unmarried only 22% women were able to access modern contraceptive methods. "As a consequence of the low contraceptive met need, 68% of unintended pregnancies occur in women not using any method and 24% in those using traditional methods" and the rest had to resort to unsafe traditional methods.[71]

The Catholic Church in Philippines opposes sex before or outside marriage, and the use of modern contraceptive and the passing of laws allowing for divorce. It continues to mix religion with politics since the time of Spanish friar, while Catholic priests continue to have scandals by having affairs and by fathering offspring with women amidst allegations of child sexual abuse by the Catholic Church clergy.[72] The Catholic religion that was introduced by Spanish colonial era Catholic friars was adapted through a process of enculturation.[72] Hence, there is a gap between the [relatively more orthodox] scriptural Catholic religion and the version practiced by Filipinos in daily life.[72] 84% Filipinos are Catholic, and what Filipinos actually do in practice is different from what they believe in,[72] i.e. Filipinos practice a liberal cultural attitude towards sexual relationships while also contrastingly practicing orthodox Catholic religious belief which opposes the modern scientific contraceptives and laws based on the modern values, resulting in lack of access to family planning methods, stigmatization of medical abortions, a high number of unwanted pregnancies, lack of access to safe modern medical abortions, high and still rising trend of illegitimate newborn birth rate.

The law of the Philippines continues to differentiate and discriminate between filiation (recognition of the biological relationship between father and child) and legitimacy (legally considered a legitimate child), national law still continues to label the "nonmarital births" as "illegitimate", which has been criticized by the social and legal activists for the constitutional stigmatization and denial of equal legal rights.

### Life expectancy[edit]

Life expectancy in the Philippines since 1938 Life expectancy in the Philippines since 1960 by gender Period  | Life expectancy in years  | Period  | Life expectancy in years

|
|
|

1950–1955  | 55.4  | 1985–1990  | 64.7
1955–1960  | 57.1  | 1990–1995  | 65.7
1960–1965  | 58.6  | 1995–2000  | 66.8
1965–1970  | 60.1  | 2000–2005  | 67.5
1970–1975  | 61.4  | 2005–2010  | 68.0
1975–1980  | 61.7  | 2010–2015  | 68.6
1980–1985  | 62.9  |  |

Source: UN World Population Prospects[73]

#### Year by year[edit]

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[74][75]

| Average population  | Live births  | Deaths  | Natural change  | Crude birth rate (per 1000)  | Crude death rate (per 1000)  | Natural change (per 1000)  | Total fertility rate  | Infant mortality rate (per 1000 births)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1903  | 7,635,000  | 284,000  | 329,671  | -44,871  | 37.3  | 43.2  | -5.9  |  |
1904  | 7,659,000  | 216,176  | 146,894  | 69,282  | 28.2  | 19.2  | 9.0  |  |
1905  | 7,699,000  | 244,586  | 166,555  | 78,031  | 31.8  | 21.6  | 10.2  |  |
1906  | 7,761,000  | 215,296  | 143,284  | 72,012  | 27.7  | 18.5  | 9.2  |  |
1907  | 7,844,000  | 258,010  | 138,464  | 119,546  | 32.9  | 17.7  | 15.2  |  |
1908  | 7,964,000  | 278,369  | 190,495  | 87,874  | 35.0  | 23.9  | 11.1  |  |
1909  | 8,095,000  | 234,726  | 179,355  | 55,371  | 29.0  | 22.2  | 6.8  |  |
1910  | 8,220,000  | 290,210  | 191,576  | 98,634  | 35.3  | 23.3  | 12.0  |  |
1911  | 8,387,000  | 302,855  | 188,412  | 114,443  | 36.1  | 22.5  | 13.6  |  |
1912  | 8,576,000  | 290,995  | 185,185  | 105,810  | 33.9  | 21.6  | 12.3  |  |
1913  | 8,786,000  | 316,056  | 154,086  | 161,970  | 36.0  | 17.5  | 18.5  |  |
1914  | 9,017,000  | 347,337  | 163,943  | 183,394  | 38.5  | 18.2  | 20.3  |  |
1915  | 9,269,000  | 327,206  | 176,313  | 150,893  | 35.3  | 19.0  | 16.3  |  |
1916  | 9,542,000  | 340,269  | 195,970  | 144,659  | 35.7  | 20.5  | 15.2  |  |
1917  | 9,836,000  | 353,283  | 212,334  | 140,949  | 35.9  | 21.6  | 14.3  |  |
1918  | 10,314,000  | 345,751  | 367,106  | -21,355  | 33.5  | 35.6  | -2.1  |  |
1919  | 10,324,000  | 306,832  | 326,716  | -19,884  | 29.7  | 31.6  | -1.9  |  |
1920  | 10,445,000  | 351,195  | 200,690  | 150,505  | 33.6  | 19.2  | 14.4  |  |
1921  | 10,673,000  | 364,432  | 205,654  | 158,778  | 34.1  | 19.3  | 14.8  |  |
1922  | 10,908,000  | 373,506  | 203,237  | 170,269  | 34.2  | 18.6  | 15.6  |  |
1923  | 11,152,000  | 385,418  | 202,981  | 182,437  | 34.6  | 18.2  | 16.4  |  |
1924  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1925  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1926  | 11,935,000  | 400,439  | 229,928  | 170,511  | 33.6  | 19.3  | 14.3  |  | 156.7
1927  | 12,212,000  | 414,357  | 229,328  | 185,029  | 33.9  | 18.8  | 15.1  |  | 152.5
1928  | 12,498,000  | 422,716  | 218,096  | 204,620  | 33.8  | 17.5  | 16.3  |  | 150.1
1929  | 12,792,000  | 428,996  | 237,733  | 191,263  | 33.5  | 18.6  | 14.9  |  | 161.6
1930  | 13,094,000  | 429,245  | 252,988  | 176,257  | 32.8  | 19.3  | 13.5  |  | 165.0
1931  | 13,405,000  | 440,159  | 240,825  | 199,334  | 32.8  | 18.0  | 14.8  |  | 155.1
1932  | 13,724,000  | 446,940  | 211,809  | 235,131  | 32.6  | 15.4  | 17.1  |  | 137.6
1933  | 14,051,000  | 459,682  | 227,594  | 232,088  | 32.7  | 16.2  | 16.5  |  | 145.8
1934  | 14,387,000  | 447,738  | 239,703  | 208,035  | 31.1  | 16.7  | 14.4  |  | 160.8
1935  | 14,731,000  | 461,410  | 257,181  | 204,229  | 31.3  | 17.5  | 13.8  |  | 153.4
1936  | 15,084,000  | 485,126  | 239,107  | 246,019  | 32.2  | 15.9  | 16.3  |  | 134.0
1937  | 15,445,000  | 513,760  | 254,740  | 259,020  | 33.3  | 16.5  | 16.8  |  | 137.3
1938  | 15,814,000  | 512,389  | 261,848  | 250,541  | 32.4  | 16.6  | 15.8  |  | 139.0
1939  | 16,000,000  | 522,432  | 273,141  | 249,291  | 32.7  | 16.9  | 15.8  |  | 146.2
1940  | 16,460,000  | 535,117  | 273,480  | 261,637  | 32.5  | 16.6  | 15.9  |  | 135.8
1941  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1942  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1943  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1944  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1945  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1946  | 18,434,000  | 533,283  | 278,546  | 254,737  | 28.9  | 15.1  | 13.8  |  | 125.5
1947  | 18,786,000  | 272,226  | 238,527  | 33,699  | 14.5  | 12.7  | 1.8  |  | 234.4
1948  | 19,234,000  | 602,415  | 243,467  | 358,948  | 31.3  | 12.7  | 18.6  |  | 114.4
1949  | 19,509,000  | 609,138  | 231,151  | 377,987  | 31.2  | 11.8  | 19.4  |  | 108.5
1950  | 19,881,000  | 642,472  | 226,505  | 415,967  | 32.3  | 11.4  | 20.9  | 2.792  | 101.6
1951  | 20,260,000  | 637,264  | 237,937  | 399,327  | 31.5  | 11.7  | 19.8  | 2.733  | 105.5
1952  | 20,646,000  | 650,725  | 241,020  | 409,705  | 31.5  | 11.7  | 19.8  | 3.080  | 101.2
1953  | 21,039,000  | 468,489  | 239,988  | 228,501  | 22.3  | 11.4  | 10.9  | 3.140  | 148.8
1954  | 22,869,000  | 702,662  | 217,650  | 485,012  | 30.7  | 9.5  | 21.2  |  | 94.2
1955  | 23,568,000  | 734,761  | 212,798  | 521,963  | 31.2  | 9.0  | 22.2  |  | 84.3
1956  | 24,288,000  | 542,249  | 205,581  | 336,668  | 22.3  | 8.5  | 13.8  | 3.364  | 110.9
1957  | 25,030,000  | 514,202  | 199,919  | 314,283  | 20.5  | 8.0  | 12.5  | 3.139  | 112.9
1958  | 25,795,000  | 484,592  | 185,437  | 299,155  | 18.6  | 7.2  | 11.4  |  | 109.2
1959  | 26,584,000  | 616,893  | 176,448  | 440,445  | 23.2  | 6.6  | 16.6  | 3.074  | 93.4
1960  | 27,088,000  | 649,651  | 196,544  | 453,107  | 24.0  | 7.3  | 16.7  | 3.676  | 84.6
1961  | 28,214,000  | 647,846  | 207,436  | 440,410  | 23.0  | 7.3  | 15.7  | 3.201  | 88.4
1962  | 29,064,000  | 775,146  | 169,880  | 605,266  | 26.7  | 5.9  | 20.8  | 3.679  | 58.6
1963  | 29,937,000  | 786,698  | 214,412  | 572,286  | 26.3  | 7.2  | 19.1  | 3.622  | 72.8
1964  | 30,841,000  | 802,648  | 222,097  | 580,551  | 26.0  | 7.2  | 18.8  | 3.683  | 70.5
1965  | 31,770,000  | 795,415  | 234,935  | 560,480  | 25.0  | 7.4  | 17.6  | 3.734  | 72.9
1966  | 32,727,000  | 823,342  | 236,396  | 586,946  | 25.2  | 7.2  | 18.0  | 3.542  | 72.0
1967  | 33,713,000  | 840,302  | 240,122  | 600,180  | 24.9  | 7.1  | 17.8  | 3.487  | 72.2
1968  | 34,728,000  | 898,570  | 261,893  | 636,677  | 25.9  | 7.5  | 18.4  | 3.612  | 71.0
1969  | 35,774,000  | 946,753  | 241,678  | 705,075  | 26.5  | 6.8  | 19.7  | 3.870  | 67.3
1970  | 36,684,000  | 966,762  | 234,038  | 732,724  | 26.4  | 6.4  | 20.0  | 3.631  | 60.0
1971  | 37,902,000  | 963,749  | 250,139  | 713,610  | 25.4  | 6.6  | 18.8  | 3.475  | 62.0
1972  | 38,991,000  | 968,385  | 285,761  | 682,624  | 24.8  | 7.3  | 17.5  | 3.366  | 67.9
1973  | 40,123,000  | 1,049,290  | 283,475  | 765,815  | 26.2  | 7.1  | 19.1  | 3.466  | 64.7
1974  | 41,279,000  | 1,081,073  | 283,975  | 797,098  | 26.2  | 6.9  | 19.3  | 3.495  | 58.7
1975  | 42,071,000  | 1,223,837  | 271,136  | 952,701  | 29.1  | 6.4  | 22.7  | 3.891  | 53.3
1976  | 43,338,000  | 1,314,860  | 299,861  | 1,014,999  | 30.3  | 6.9  | 23.4  | 4.049  | 56.9
1977  | 44,417,000  | 1,344,836  | 308,904  | 1,035,932  | 30.3  | 7.0  | 23.3  | 4.072  | 56.8
1978  | 45,498,000  | 1,387,588  | 297,034  | 1,090,554  | 30.5  | 6.5  | 24.0  | 4.165  | 53.1
1979  | 46,592,000  | 1,429,814  | 306,427  | 1,123,387  | 30.7  | 6.6  | 24.1  | 4.179  | 50.2
1980  | 48,098,000  | 1,456,860  | 298,006  | 1,158,854  | 30.3  | 6.2  | 24.1  | 4.026  | 45.1
1981  | 49,536,000  | 1,461,204  | 301,117  | 1,160,087  | 29.5  | 6.1  | 23.4  | 3.874  | 44.1
1982  | 50,783,000  | 1,474,491  | 308,758  | 1,165,733  | 29.0  | 6.1  | 22.9  | 3.775  | 41.8
1983  | 52,055,000  | 1,506,356  | 327,260  | 1,179,096  | 28.9  | 6.3  | 22.6  | 3.733  | 42.7
1984  | 53,351,000  | 1,478,205  | 313,359  | 1,164,846  | 27.7  | 5.9  | 21.8  | 3.557  | 38.5
1985  | 54,668,000  | 1,437,154  | 334,663  | 1,102,491  | 26.3  | 6.1  | 20.2  | 3.309  | 38.0
1986  | 56,004,000  | 1,493,995  | 326,749  | 1,167,246  | 26.7  | 5.8  | 20.9  | 3.328  | 35.0
1987  | 57,356,000  | 1,582,469  | 335,254  | 1,247,215  | 27.6  | 5.8  | 21.8  | 3.434  | 32.1
1988  | 58,721,000  | 1,565,372  | 325,098  | 1,240,274  | 26.7  | 5.5  | 21.2  | 3.311  | 30.1
1989  | 60,097,000  | 1,565,254  | 325,621  | 1,239,633  | 26.0  | 5.4  | 20.6  | 3.230  | 27.5
1990  | 60,703,000  | 1,631,069  | 313,890  | 1,317,179  | 26.9  | 5.4  | 21.5  | 3.279  | 24.3
1991  | 63,729,000  | 1,643,296  | 298,063  | 1,345,233  | 25.8  | 4.7  | 21.1  | 2.944  | 20.9
1992  | 65,339,000  | 1,684,395  | 319,579  | 1,364,816  | 25.8  | 4.9  | 20.9  | 3.031  | 21.9
1993  | 66,982,000  | 1,680,896  | 318,546  | 1,362,350  | 25.1  | 4.8  | 20.3  | 3.138  | 20.6
1994  | 68,624,000  | 1,645,011  | 321,440  | 1,323,571  | 24.0  | 4.7  | 19.3  | 3.013  | 18.9
1995  | 68,617,000  | 1,645,043  | 324,737  | 1,320,306  | 24.0  | 4.7  | 19.3  | 3.085  | 18.6
1996  | 69,951,000  | 1,608,468  | 344,363  | 1,264,105  | 23.0  | 4.9  | 18.1  | 2.935  | 19.0
1997  | 71,549,000  | 1,653,236  | 339,400  | 1,313,836  | 23.1  | 4.7  | 18.4  | 2.936  | 17.0
1998  | 73,147,000  | 1,632,859  | 352,992  | 1,279,867  | 22.3  | 4.8  | 17.5  | 2.829  | 17.3
1999  | 74,746,000  | 1,613,335  | 347,989  | 1,265,346  | 21.6  | 4.7  | 16.9  | 2.723  | 15.6
2000  | 76,348,000  | 1,766,440  | 366,931  | 1,399,509  | 23.1  | 4.8  | 18.3  | 2.917  | 15.7
2001  | 77,926,000  | 1,714,093  | 381,834  | 1,332,259  | 22.0  | 4.9  | 17.1  | 2.756  | 15.2
2002  | 79,503,000  | 1,666,773  | 396,297  | 1,270,476  | 21.0  | 5.0  | 16.0  | 2.618  | 14.2
2003  | 81,081,000  | 1,669,442  | 396,331  | 1,273,111  | 20.6  | 4.9  | 15.7  | 2.563  | 13.7
2004  | 82,663,000  | 1,710,994  | 403,191  | 1,307,803  | 20.7  | 4.9  | 15.8  | 2.564  | 13.2
2005  | 84,241,000  | 1,688,918  | 426,054  | 1,262,864  | 20.0  | 5.1  | 14.9  | 2.474  | 12.8
2006  | 86,973,000  | 1,663,029  | 441,036  | 1,221,993  | 19.1  | 5.1  | 14.0  | 2.391  | 13.1
2007  | 88,706,000  | 1,749,878  | 441,956  | 1,307,922  | 19.7  | 5.0  | 14.7  | 2.541  | 12.4
2008  | 90,457,000  | 1,784,316  | 461,581  | 1,322,735  | 19.7  | 5.1  | 14.6  | 2.455  | 12.5
2009  | 92,227,000  | 1,745,585  | 480,820  | 1,264,765  | 18.9  | 5.2  | 13.7  | 2.349  | 12.4
2010  | 94,013,000  | 1,782,981  | 488,265  | 1,294,716  | 19.0  | 5.2  | 13.8  | 2.420  | 12.6
2011  | 95,053,000  | 1,746,864  | 498,486  | 1,248,378  | 18.4  | 5.3  | 13.2  | 2.325  | 12.8
2012  | 96,328,000  | 1,790,367  | 514,745  | 1,275,622  | 18.6  | 5.3  | 13.2  | 2.334  | 12.4
2013  | 97,571,000  | 1,761,602  | 531,280  | 1,230,322  | 17.9  | 5.4  | 12.5  | 2.248  | 12.5
2014  | 99,138,000  | 1,748,857  | 536,999  | 1,211,858  | 17.6  | 5.4  | 12.2  | 2.187  | 12.3
2015  | 100,699,000  | 1,744,767  | 560,605  | 1,184,162  | 17.3  | 5.5  | 11.8  | 2.162  | 11.9
2016  | 102,530,000  | 1,731,289  | 582,183  | 1,149,106  | 16.8  | 5.6  | 11.2  | 2.110  | 12.6
2017  | 104,169,000  | 1,700,618  | 579,262  | 1,121,356  | 16.2  | 5.5  | 10.7  | 2.044  | 11.9
2018  | 105,755,000  | 1,668,120  | 590,709  | 1,077,411  | 15.8  | 5.6  | 10.2  | 1.980  | 12.6
2019  | 107,288,150  | 1,674,302  | 620,724  | 1,053,578  | 15.6  | 5.8  | 9.8  | 1.964  | 13.0
2020  | 109,035,343  | 1,528,624  | 613,936  | 914,688  | 14.0  | 5.6  | 8.4  | 1.774  | 11.0
2021  | 110,198,654  | 1,364,739  | 879,429  | 485,310  | 12.4  | 8.0  | 4.4  | 1.569  | 13.6
2022  | 111,572,254  | 1,455,393  | 679,766  | 775,627  | 13.0  | 6.1  | 6.9  | 1.652  | 13.8

### Current vital statistics[edit]

[76]

Period  | Live births  | Deaths  | Natural increase

|
|
|

January - September 2022 | 1,052,747  | 507,516  | +545,231
January - September* 2023 | 1,024,239  | 509,303  | +514,936
Difference |  -28,508 (-2.70%)  |  +1,787 (+0.35%)  |  -30,295

* \- not full data, estimation at the end of March 2024. To be revised.

### Structure of the population[edit]

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 01.VIII.2015) (Excluding 2134 Filipinos in Philippine Embassies, Consulates and Missions Abroad.): [77]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 51,069,962  | 49,909,341  | 100,979,303  | 100
0–4  | 5,590,485  | 5,228,446  | 10,818,931  | 10.71
5–9  | 5,596,837  | 5,246,083  | 10,842,920  | 10.74
10–14  | 5,405,418  | 5,088,524  | 10,493,942  | 10.39
15–19  | 5,202,239  | 4,988,946  | 10,191,185  | 10.09
20–24  | 4,795,772  | 4,671,722  | 9,467,494  | 9.38
25–29  | 4,252,817  | 4,107,630  | 8,360,447  | 8.28
30–34  | 3,755,963  | 3,585,931  | 7,341,894  | 7.27
35–39  | 3,447,349  | 3,295,338  | 6,742,687  | 6.68
40–44  | 2,995,391  | 2,853,937  | 5,849,328  | 5.79
45–49  | 2,680,464  | 2,603,861  | 5,284,325  | 5.23
50–54  | 2,227,579  | 2,202,968  | 4,430,547  | 4.39
55–59  | 1,785,436  | 1,821,398  | 3,606,834  | 3.57
60–64  | 1,325,815  | 1,435,368  | 2,761,183  | 2.73
65-69  | 878 327  | 1,037,798  | 1,916,125  | 1.90
70-74  | 523 237  | 696 843  | 1,220,080  | 1.21
75-79  | 338 520  | 520 578  | 859 098  | 0.85
80-84  | 169 388  | 305 752  | 475 140  | 0.47
85-89  | 69 930  | 148 296  | 218 226  | 0.22
90-94  | 21 868  | 53 087  | 74 955  | 0.07
95-99  | 5 956  | 14 010  | 19 966  | 0.02
100+  | 1 171  | 2 825  | 3 996  | <0.01
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 16,592,740  | 15,563,053  | 32,155,793  | 31.84
15–64  | 32,468,825  | 31,567,099  | 64,035,924  | 63.41
65+  | 2,008,397  | 2,779,189  | 4,787,586  | 4.74

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2021) (Estimates or projections based on the 2015 population census.): [77]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 55,641,183  | 54,557,471  | 110,198,654  | 100
0–4  | 5,713,939  | 5,376,619  | 11,090,558  | 10.06
5–9  | 5,721,245  | 5,393,760  | 11,115,005  | 10.09
10–14  | 5,571,493  | 5,266,058  | 10,837,551  | 9.83
15–19  | 5,282,220  | 5,065,572  | 10,347,792  | 9.39
20–24  | 5,025,243  | 4,778,690  | 9,803,933  | 8.90
25–29  | 4,731,675  | 4,491,835  | 9,223,510  | 8.37
30–34  | 4,332,532  | 4,161,373  | 8,493,905  | 7.71
35–39  | 3,809,605  | 3,689,326  | 7,498,931  | 6.80
40–44  | 3,315,063  | 3,236,820  | 6,551,883  | 5.95
45–49  | 2,991,320  | 2,930,462  | 5,921,782  | 5.37
50–54  | 2,552,972  | 2,536,854  | 5,089,826  | 4.62
55–59  | 2,159,465  | 2,201,321  | 4,360,786  | 3.96
60–64  | 1,679,598  | 1,793,510  | 3,473,108  | 3.15
65-69  | 1,202,310  | 1,377,181  | 2,579,491  | 2.34
70-74  | 757 578  | 957 989  | 1,715,567  | 1.56
75-79  | 450 941  | 660 111  | 1,111,052  | 1.01
80+  | 343 984  | 639 990  | 983 974  | 0.89
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 17,006,677  | 16,036,437  | 33,043,114  | 29.99
15–64  | 35,879,693  | 34,885,763  | 70,765,456  | 64.22
65+  | 2,754,813  | 3,635,271  | 6,390,084  | 5.80

### By region[edit]

Total fertility rate (TFR) and other related statistics by region, as of 2013:[78]

Region | Total fertility rate | Percentage of women age 15–49 currently pregnant  | Mean number of children ever born to women age 40–49

|
|
|

National Capital Region | 2.3 | 3.0 | 3.0
Cordillera Administrative Region | 2.9 | 4.8 | 4.0
Ilocos Region | 2.8 | 4.5 | 3.2
Cagayan Valley | 3.2 | 6.1 | 3.7
Central Luzon | 2.8 | 4.1 | 3.3
Calabarzon | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.4
Mimaropa | 3.7 | 5.8 | 4.5
Bicol | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.6
Western Visayas | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.2
Central Visayas | 3.2 | 3.9 | 3.6
Eastern Visayas | 3.5 | 5.9 | 4.0
Zamboanga Peninsula | 3.5 | 6.4 | 4.5
Northern Mindanao | 3.5 | 5.7 | 4.3
Davao | 2.9 | 5.0 | 3.9
Soccsksargen | 3.2 | 3.8 | 4.2
Caraga | 3.6 | 6.6 | 4.4
ARMM | 4.2 | 4.7 | 5.5

## Ethnic groups and modern immigrants in the Philippines[edit]

This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: 2020 ethnic group statistics by PSA is now available. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (September 2023)

|

Ethnographic map of the Philippines, 1890

Main articles: Ethnic groups in the Philippines and Immigration to the Philippines

Further information: Filipinos

The majority of the people in the Philippines are related to Austronesian peoples. According to the CIA Factbook, the largest ethnic groups as of 2020 are the Tagalogs (26%), the Bisaya people (14.3%), the Ilocano people (8%), the Bicolano people (6.5%), the Waray people (3.8%), the Kapampangan people (3.0%), the Pangasinan people (1.9%), and the Maguindanao people (1.9%), among other local ethnicities (18.5%).[79] The indigenous peoples of the Philippines form a minority of the population. Other large ethnic groups include Filipinos of Japanese, Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American descent. There are more than 175 ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines, each with their own, identity, literature, tradition, music, dances, foods, beliefs, and history, but which form part of the tapestry of Filipino culture. The latest censuses did not take account of ethnicity, and the only census that included questions on ethnicity is of the 2000 census. Nevertheless, a 2019 Anthropology Study by Matthew Go, published in the Journal of Human Biology, using physical anthropology, estimated that, 72.7% of Filipinos are Asian, 12.7% of Filipinos can be classified as Hispanic (Latin-American Mestizos or Austronesian-Spanish Mestizos), 7.3% as Indigenous American, African at 4.5% and European at 2.7%.[80]

The total number of immigrants and expats in Philippines as of the 2010 censuses is 177,365.[81] By country:[82]

* United States of America 29,972
* China 28,705
* Japan 11,584
* India 9,007
* Korea, South 5,822
* Korea, North 4,846
* Canada 4,700
* United Kingdom of Great Britain And Northern Ireland 3,474
* Australia 3,360
* Germany 3,184
* Indonesia 2,781
* Taiwan 1,538
* Italy 1,460
* Afghanistan 1,019
* France 1,014
* Spain 1,009
* Switzerland 872
* Turkey 739
* Singapore 691
* South Africa 681
* Malaysia 673
* Saudi Arabia 621
* Norway 550
* Israel 514
* Sweden 513
* Iran 498
* Tunisia 479
* Belgium 445
* Congo 444
* Austria 424
* Pakistan 421
* Netherlands 407
* Algeria 389
* Ecuador 387
* Denmark 374
* United Arab Emirates 368
* Ireland 362
* Myanmar 355
* Vietnam 351
* Oman 342
* New Zealand 325
* Thailand 286
* Hungary 206
* Nigeria 162
* Jordan 150
* Sri Lanka 146
* Kuwait 144
* Egypt 135
* Brazil 134
* Bangladesh 133
* Greece 129
* Portugal 127
* Argentina 125
* Mexico 123
* Russia 120
* East Timor 119
* Armenia 115
* Lebanon 110
* Cape Verde 109
* Colombia 106
* Suriname 106
* Qatar 102
* Others 1,617

## Languages[edit]

Main articles: Languages of the Philippines and Philippine languages

According to the Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino, there are 135 ethnic languages in the Philippine archipelago, each spoken by the respective ethno-linguistic group, except for the national Filipino language which is spoken by all 134 ethno-linguistic groups in the country. Most of the languages have several varieties (dialects), totaling over 300 across the archipelago. In the 1930s, the government promoted the use of the Tagalog language as the national language, and called the new Tagalog-based language as the national Filipino language, becoming the 135th ethnic language of the country.[43][failed verification][83][failed verification] Visayan languages (Cebuano, Waray, Hiligaynon, etc.) are widely spoken throughout the Visayas and in most parts of Mindanao. Ilokano is the lingua franca of Northern Luzon excluding Pangasinan. Zamboangueño Chavacano is the official language of Zamboanga City and lingua franca of Basilan.

Filipino and English are the official languages of the country for purposes of communication and instruction.[5] Consequently, English is widely spoken and understood, although fluency has decreased as the prevalence of Tagalog in primary and secondary educational institutions has increased.

## Religion[edit]

Main article: Religion in the Philippines

The Philippine Statistics Authority in October 2015 reported that 80.58% of the total Filipino population were Roman Catholics, 10.8% were Protestant and 5.57% were Islamic.[84] Although the 2012 International Religious Freedom (IRF) reports that an estimate by the National Commission on Muslim Filipinos (NCMF) in 2011 stated that there were then 10.3 million Muslims, or about 10 percent of the total population however this is yet to be proven officially.[85] In 2000, according to the "World Values Survey", 1.8% were Protestant Christians and 10.9% were then irreligious.[86][dubious - discuss] Other Christian denominations include the Iglesia ni Cristo (one of a number of separate Churches of Christ generally not affiliated with one another), Aglipayan Church, Members Church of God International, and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Minority religions include Buddhism, Hinduism, and Judaism. Roman Catholics and Protestants were converted during the four centuries of Western influence by Spain, and the United States. Under Spanish rule, much of the population was converted to Christianity.

Orthodox Christianity also has a presence in the Philippines. The Orthodoxy was brought over by Russian and Greek immigrants to the Philippines. Protestant Christianity arrived in the Philippines during the 20th century, introduced by American missionaries.

Other religions include Judaism, Mahayana Buddhism, often mixed with Taoist beliefs, Hinduism, Sikhism, and Indigenous Philippine folk religions.

Population by religious affiliation (2015)  Affiliation  | Number

|

Roman Catholic, including Catholic Charismatic | 80.58  | 80.58

| 74,211,896
Islam | 5.57  | 5.57

| 5,127,084
Evangelicals (PCEC) | 2.68  | 2.68

| 2,469,957
Iglesia ni Cristo | 2.45  | 2.45

| 2,251,941
Non-Roman Catholic and Protestant (NCCP) | 1.16  | 1.16

| 1,071,686
Aglipayan | 1.00  | 1

| 916,639
Seventh-day Adventist | 0.74  | 0.74

| 681,216
Bible Baptist Church | 0.52  | 0.52

| 480,409
United Church of Christ in the Philippines | 0.49  | 0.49

| 449,028
Jehovah's Witnesses | 0.45  | 0.45

| 410,957
Other Protestants | 0.31  | 0.31

| 287,734
Church of Christ | 0.28  | 0.28

| 258,176
Jesus Is Lord Church Worldwide | 0.23  | 0.23

| 207,246
Tribal Religions | 0.19  | 0.19

| 177,147
United Pentecostal Church (Philippines) Inc. | 0.18  | 0.18

| 169,956
Other Baptists | 0.17  | 0.17

| 154,686
Philippine Independent Catholic Church | 0.15  | 0.15

| 138,364
Unión Espiritista Cristiana de Filipinas, Inc. | 0.15  | 0.15

| 137,885
Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints | 0.15  | 0.15

| 133,814
Association of Fundamental Baptist Churches in the Philippines | 0.12  | 0.12

| 106,509
Evangelical Christian Outreach Foundation | 0.10  | 0.1

| 96,102
None | 0.08  | 0.08

| 73,248
Convention of the Philippine Baptist Church | 0.07  | 0.07

| 65,008
Crusaders of the Divine Church of Christ Inc. | 0.06  | 0.06

| 53,146
Buddhist | 0.05  | 0.05

| 46,558
Lutheran Church of the Philippines | 0.05  | 0.05

| 46,558
Iglesia sa Dios Espiritu Santo Inc. | 0.05  | 0.05

| 45,000
Philippine Benevolent Missionaries Association | 0.05  | 0.05

| 42,796
Faith Tabernacle Church (Living Rock Ministries) | 0.04  | 0.04

| 36,230
Others | 0.33  | 0.33

| 299,399
TOTAL  | 92,097,978
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[84]

## Education[edit]

Main articles: Education in the Philippines and Higher education in the Philippines

Education in the Philippines has been influenced by foreign models, particularly the United States, and Spain.[87][88] Philippine students enter public school at about age four, starting from nursery school up to kindergarten. At about seven years of age, students enter elementary school (6 to 7 years). This is followed by junior high school (4 years) and senior high school (2 years). Students then take the college entrance examinations (CEE), after which they enter university (3 to 5 years). Other types of schools include private school, preparatory school, international school, laboratory high school, and science high school. School year in the Philippines starts from June, and ends in March with a two-month summer break from April to May, one week of semestral break in October, and a week or two during Christmas and New Year holidays.

Starting in SY 2011–2012 there has been a phased implementation of a new program. The K to 12 Program covers kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of junior high school, and two years of senior high school [SHS]).[89]

## Publications[edit]

* Cristian Capelli; et al. (2001). "A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania" (PDF). American Journal of Human Genetics. 68 (2): 432–443. doi:10.1086/318205. PMC 1235276. PMID 11170891. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 14, 2010.
* Frederic H. Sawyer (1900). The Inhabitants of the Philippines. Library of Alexandria. ISBN 978-1-4655-1185-0.
* 1903 Census of the Philippine Islands, Volumes 1 Archived September 18, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, 2 Archived September 17, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, 3 Archived September 17, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, 4 Archived September 17, 2021, at the Wayback Machine

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## Notes[edit]

1. ^ Including others such as Latin-Americans and Chinese-Mestizos, pure Chinese paid tribute but were not Philippine citizens as they were transients who returned to China, and Spaniards were exempt

## External links[edit]

This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2011 edition.)

* "Index of Demographic Statistics (principally 2000 Philippine census)". Philippine Statistics Authority. Archived from the original on June 4, 2008. Retrieved December 17, 2005.
* "The Philippines – Demographic Statistics". The Ultrecht faculty of Education. Archived from the original on March 23, 2007. Retrieved April 3, 2007.
* "University of the Philippines population institute". Archived from the original on April 15, 2014. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
* "Greeks in the Philippines and their contributions to the country". hri.org. July 1998.

* v
* t
* e

Ethnic groups in the Philippines

* Filipinos
* Pinoy
* Indigenous peoples

Lowland|

| Luzon|

* Bicolano
* Bugkalot (Ilongot)
* Cuyunon
* Gaddang
* Ibanag
* Ilocano
* Itawes
* Ivatan
* Kapampangan
* Masbateño
* Pangasinan
* Romblomanon
* Sambal
* Tagalog

|

Visayas|

* Aklanon
* Boholano
* Capiznon
* Cebuano
* Eskaya
* Hiligaynon
* Karay-a
* Porohanon
* Waray

Mindanao|

* Butuanon
* Kalagan
* Sangirese
* Surigaonon
* Zamboangueño

| Moro|

* Bajau
* Banguingui
* Kaagan
* Iranun
* Maguindanao
* Maranao
* Samal
* Tausug
* Yakan

|

Highland|

| Igorot|

* Balangao
* Bontoc
* Ibaloi
* Ifugao
* Isneg
* Kalinga
* Kankanaey
* Tinguian

|

Lumad|

* Blaan
* Bukidnon
* Higaonon
* Mamanwa
* Mandaya
* Manobo
* Subanon
* Tasaday
* Teduray
* Tboli

Mangyan|

* Ratagnon

Negrito|

* Aeta
* Ati
* Batak
* Mamanwa

Palaweño|

* Agutaynen
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