Edwardian architecture

Style of world architecture

Belfast City Hall, an example of Edwardian Baroque architecture or "Wrenaissance", in Northern Ireland

Edwardian architecture usually means a Neo-Baroque architectural style that was popular for public buildings in the British Empire during the Edwardian era (1901–1910). Architecture up to 1914 is commonly included in this style.[1]

It can also be used to mean various styles in middle-class housing, including relaxed versions of Arts and Crafts architecture.

## Description

[edit]

Edwardian architecture is generally less ornate than high or late Victorian architecture,[2] apart from a subset – used for major buildings – known as Edwardian Baroque architecture.

Masonic Temple, Aberdeen, Scotland built in 1910.

The Victorian Society campaigns to preserve architecture built between 1837 and 1914, and so includes Edwardian as well as Victorian architecture within its remit.[3]

### Characteristics

[edit]

The characteristic features of the Edwardian Baroque style were drawn from two main sources: the architecture of France during the 18th century and that of Sir Christopher Wren in England during the 17th—part of the English Baroque (for this reason Edwardian Baroque is sometimes referred to as "Wrenaissance"). Sir Edwin Lutyens was a major exponent, designing many commercial buildings in what he termed 'the Grand Style' during the later 1910s and 1920s. This period of British architectural history is considered a particularly retrospective one, since it is contemporary with Art Nouveau.

Typical details of Edwardian Baroque architecture include extensive rustication, usually more extreme at ground level, often running into and exaggerating the voussoirs of arched openings (derived from French models); domed corner rooftop pavilions and a central taller tower-like element creating a lively rooftop silhouette; revived Italian Baroque elements such as exaggerated keystones, segmental arched pediments, columns with engaged blocks, attached block-like rustication to window surrounds; colonnades of (sometimes paired) columns in the Ionic order and domed towers modelled closely on Wren's for the Royal Naval College in Greenwich. Some Edwardian Baroque buildings include details from other sources, such as the Dutch gables of Norman Shaw's Piccadilly Hotel in London.

Edwardian houses in Sutton, Greater London, England Catts Farm, Kingsclere, Newbury, design by H. Launcelot Fedden (1869-1910), as seen in The Building News, July 31, 1908.

Other characteristics include:

* Colour: lighter colours were used; the use of gas and later electric lights caused designers to be less concerned about the need to disguise soot buildup on walls compared to Victorian era architecture.[2]
* Patterns: "Decorative patterns were less complex; both wallpaper and curtain designs were more plain."[2]
* Clutter: "There was less clutter than in the Victorian era. Ornaments were perhaps grouped rather than everywhere."

## Architectural influences

[edit]

* Victorian[2]
* Art Nouveau[2]
* Georgian[2]
* Arts and Crafts[2]
* Federation[4]

## Notable examples

[edit]

53 King Street, built for Lloyds Bank during 1915. Lancaster House, Manchester, built during 1910.

### United Kingdom

[edit]

* Admiralty Arch, London (1912)
* Albert Hall, Manchester (1910)
* Albert Hall, Nottingham (1910)
* Arding & Hobbs, London (1910)
* Ashton Memorial, Lancaster, by John Belcher (1909)
* Asia House, Manchester (1909)
* Australia House, London (1918)
* Belfast City Hall, Belfast, by Brumwell Thomas (1906)
* Blythe House, London, by Henry Tanner (1903)
* Bridgewater House, Manchester (1912)
* Cardiff City Hall, Cardiff, by Henry Vaughan Lanchester, Edwin Alfred Rickards & James A. Stewart, (1906)
* Cardiff Crown Court, Cardiff, by Henry Vaughan Lanchester, Edwin Alfred Rickards & James A. Stewart, (1906)
* Central Criminal Court (Old Bailey), London, by Edward William Mountford (1902–07)
* County Hall, London (1922)
* Electric Cinema, London (1910)
* Government Offices Great George Street, London, by John Brydon, (1908–17)
* Granton Gasworks railway station (1902)
* Hanover Building, Manchester (1909)
* Hove Library, Hove (1907–08)[5]
* India House, Manchester (1906)
* Laing Art Gallery, Newcastle upon Tyne (1904)
* Lancaster House, Manchester (1910)
* London Road Fire and Police Station, Manchester (1906)
* Lloyds Bank on King Street, Manchester by Charles Heathcote (1915)
* Manchester Victoria station, Manchester (1909)
* Marylebone station, London. (1899)
* Midland Bank head office building, London by Edwin Lutyens (1922)
* Mitchell Library, Glasgow, William B Whitie (1906–11)
* Municipal Technical Institute, a.k.a. Blackman Tech, Belfast (1906)[6]
* Nottingham railway station, Nottingham (1904)
* 163 North Street, Brighton (1904)[7]
* Port of Liverpool Building, Liverpool, by Sir Arnold Thornely, F.B. Hobbs, Briggs and Wolstenholme (1903–07)
* Ralli Hall, Hove (1913)[8]
* Royal School of Mines building, London (1913)
* St. James Buildings, Manchester (1912)
* South Shields Town Hall, South Shields (1905–10)
* Stockport Town Hall, Stockport, by Brumwell Thomas (1908)
* War Office, London (1906)
* Westminster Central Hall, by Henry Vaughan Lanchester, Edwin Alfred Rickards & James A. Stewart, London (1911)

### Argentina

[edit]

* Thompson Muebles Ltd, Buenos Aires (1914)
* Harrods - Bs.As. Ltd, Buenos Aires (1914)
* Retiro Mitre railway station, Buenos Aires (1915)

Department of Education Building, Sydney Flinders Street station, Melbourne An Edwardian residence in South Yarra, Melbourne

### Australia

[edit]

* Lands Administration Building, Brisbane (1905)
* Queen Victoria Hospital, Melbourne (main pavilion, now Queen Victoria Women's Centre, (1910-1916)
* Commonwealth Offices, Treasury Place, Melbourne
* Central railway station, Sydney (1906)
* Department of Education Building, Sydney (1912)[9]
* General Post Office, Hobart (1905)
* Flinders Street railway station, Melbourne (1909)
* Sydney Hospital, Sydney (1894)
* State Library of New South Wales, Sydney (1905-1910)
* Art Gallery of New South Wales (1897-1909)
* Thomas Walker Convalescent Hospital Buildings, Sydney (1893)
* Taronga Zoo, Sydney (1916)
* Adelaide railway station (1926)
* Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts (1896)
* His Majesty's Theatre, Perth (1904)
* Former Bank of Australasia, Sydney (1904)
* ASN Co Building, Sydney (1885)
* Prahran Market, Melbourne (1891)
* Downing Centre, Sydney (1908)
* Santa Sabina College, Sydney (1894)
* Railway Institute Building, Sydney (1898)
* City Baths, Melbourne (1904)
* Old Museum Building, Brisbane (1891)
* Registrar-General's building, Sydney (1913)
* Exchange Hotel, Kalgoorlie (1900)
* People's Palace, Brisbane (1901)
* Observer Hotel, Sydney (1908)
* International House, Sydney (1913)
* York Hotel, Kalgoorlie (1901)

### Canada

[edit]

Hotel Macdonald The Empress Hotel

* Birkbeck Building, Toronto
* Château Laurier, Ottawa
* Confederation Building, Winnipeg
* Digby Pines, Digby
* Dominion Building, Vancouver
* Flavelle House, Toronto
* Flatiron Building (Lacombe, Alberta), Lacombe
* Ford Motor Company of Canada warehouse, Calgary[10]
* Fort Garry Hotel, Winnipeg
* Hotel Macdonald, Edmonton
* King Edward Hotel, Toronto
* Palliser Hotel, Calgary
* Post Office (now part of Sinclair Centre), Vancouver
* Sun Tower, Vancouver
* The Empress, Victoria
* Thunder Bay Historical Museum, Thunder Bay

### Hong Kong

[edit]

Victoria City

* The Main Building of The University of Hong Kong
* Ohel Leah Synagogue
* Old Dairy Farm Depot
* Western Market North Block
* Old Supreme Court Building
* Old Pathological Institute
* King's College
* Dr Catherine Woo Wing, St. Paul's Girls' College

Kowloon

* Old Yau Ma Tei Police Station
* Old Kowloon Station and the Clock Tower

### India

[edit]

* Ripon Building, Chennai
* Chowringhee Mansions, Calcutta
* Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi
* Main Building, The Doon School, Dehradun

### Ireland

[edit]

Government Buildings near Merrion Square, Dublin

* Government Buildings, Dublin
* Farmleigh, Dublin
* Iveagh Buildings, Iveagh Trust, Dublin
* Liberties College, Dublin

### Malaysia

[edit]

Penang City Hall in Penang

* City Hall, George Town, Penang (1903)
* Second floor extension to Town Hall, George Town, Penang (1903)
* Former Government Offices (now State Islamic Council building), George Town, Penang (1907)
* Federated Malay States railway station/Malayan Railways building (Wisma Kastam), George Town, Penang by Arthur Benison Hubback (1907)
* George Town Dispensary/Wisma Yeap Chor Ee, George Town, Penang (1922)
* Ipoh Town Hall and former General Post Office, Ipoh, Perak (1916)
* Railway station in Ipoh, Perak by Arthur Benison Hubback (1917 to 1935)
* Former State Secretariat (State Library), Seremban, Negeri Sembilan (1912)

### New Zealand

[edit]

* Auckland Town Hall, Auckland, New Zealand
* General Post Office (former), Auckland, New Zealand
* Auckland Ferry Terminal
* Old Public Trust Building, Wellington (1909)

### Singapore

[edit]

* Victoria Memorial Hall (1905)
* Central Fire Station (1908)
* Saint Joseph's Institution (1900s, 1910s extensions)

### South Africa

[edit]

* Durban City Hall (1906–1910)

### Sri Lanka

[edit]

* Royal College, Colombo

### Taiwan

[edit]

* Beitou Hot Spring Museum

## See also

[edit]

* Edwardian era
* Architecture of London
* Baroque Revival architecture

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Long, Helen C. (1993), The Edwardian House: The Middle-class Home in Britain, 1880-1914, Manchester: Manchester University Press
2. ^ a b c d e f g "Bricks & Brass: Edwardian Style". Bricksandbrass.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-10-25.
3. ^ "What we do". The Victorian Society. Retrieved 2016-10-25.
4. ^ Evans, Ian (1999) [1986]. The Federation House. Mullumbimby, NSW: Flannel Flower Press. p. 8\. ISBN 1-875253-11-4.
5. ^ Antram, Nicholas; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2013). Sussex: East with Brighton and Hove. The Buildings of England. London: Yale University Press. p. 247\. ISBN 978-0-300-18473-0.
6. ^ "History of the College - About Us - Belfast Met".
7. ^ Antram, Nicholas; Morrice, Richard (2008). Brighton and Hove. Pevsner Architectural Guides. London: Yale University Press. p. 165\. ISBN 978-0-300-12661-7.
8. ^ Historic England. "Ralli Memorial Hall, walls and railings, Denmark Villas, Hove (Grade II) (1298671)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
9. ^ "Department of Education Building". NSW State Heritage Register. Office of Environment & Heritage, Government of New South Wales. 9 February 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
10. ^ "Inventory of Evaluated Historic Resources - Ford Motor Company of Canada Warehouse". Archived from the original on 2022-02-03. Retrieved 2022-02-03.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

## Further reading

[edit]

* Gray, A. S., Edwardian Architecture: a Biographical Dictionary (1985).
* Long, H., The Edwardian House: the Middle-Class Home in Britain 1880–1914 (1993).
* Hockman, H.,[clarification needed]
* Service, A., Edwardian Architecture: Edwardian House Style Handbook (2007) David & Charles ISBN 0-7153-2780-1 (1977) Thames & Hudson ISBN 0-500-18158-6

## External links

[edit]

* Edwardian Architecture (1901-14)
* Period Style: Edwardian (1901 to 1910)
* Edwardian Baroque Carnegie Libraries in Glasgow, Scotland Archived 2017-09-06 at the Wayback Machine

* v
* t
* e

Edward VII

King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, Emperor of India (1901–1910)

Family|

* Alexandra of Denmark (wife)
* Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (son)
* George V (son)
* Louise, Princess Royal (daughter)
* Princess Victoria (daughter)
* Maud, Queen of Norway (daughter)
* Queen Victoria (mother)
* Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (father)
* Victoria, German Empress (sister)
* Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine (sister)
* Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (brother)
* Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (sister)
* Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll (sister)
* Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (brother)
* Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (brother)
* Beatrice, Princess Henry of Battenberg (sister)

Events|

* Wedding
* Royal baccarat scandal
* Coronation
* Honours
* Medal
* Police Medal
* Coronation cases
* Death and state funeral

Reign|

* Edwardian era
* Edwardian architecture
* Prime ministers
* Household

Namesakes|

* King Edward VII Land
* King Edward VII-class battleship
* HMS King Edward VII
* Hospitals
* London
* Falkland Islands
* Sheffield
* Schools
* King Edward VII Academy
* King Edward VII and Queen Mary School
* King Edward VII School, Lytham
* King Edward VII School, Sheffield
* King Edward VII School, Melton Mowbray
* King Edward VII School, Johannesburg
* King Edward VII School, Taiping
* Higher Education
* King Edward Medical University
* Eduardo VII Park
* Prince Albert
* King Edward VII Stakes

Depictions|

| Film and television|

* The Coronation of Edward VII (1902)
* "Guest of Honour" (1972)
* Fall of Eagles (1974)
* Jennie: Lady Randolph Churchill (1974)
* Edward the Seventh (1975)
* The Duchess of Duke Street (1976)
* Lillie (1978)
* Mrs Brown (1997)
* The Lost Prince (2003)
* Victoria & Abdul (2017)

|

Statues and
memorials|

* King Edward VII Memorial
* Edward VII Monument
* Bangalore statue
* Bootle statue
* Peace Statue, Brighton

Portraits|

* The Christening of the Prince of Wales
* The Marriage of the Prince of Wales

Books|

* The Edwardians (1930)
* And Having Writ... (1978)
* Flashman and the Tiger (1999)

Stamps|

* Edward VII 2d Tyrian plum

Mistresses|

* Agnes Keyser
* Alice Keppel
* Daisy Greville
* Hortense Schneider
* Lady Susan Vane-Tempest
* Lillie Langtry
* Nellie Clifden
* Patsy Cornwallis-West

Honours|

* Royal Family Order
* Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
* Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order

Related|

* Arthur Sassoon
* Olga de Meyer
* Lady Randolph Churchill
* Sarah Bernhardt
* Homburg hat
* Caesar (dog)
* King Edward VII's Town Coach
* Marlborough House set
* Love chair

* ← Victoria
* George V →

* v
* t
* e

Architecture of England

Styles|

* Anglo-Saxon
* Saxo-Norman
* Norman
* English Gothic
* Tudor
* Elizabethan
* Jacobean
* Carolean
* English Baroque
* Queen Anne
* Georgian
* Strawberry Hill Gothic
* Victorian
* Jacobethan
* Edwardian
* Bristol Byzantine
* Brutalist

Buildings and
structures|

* Castles
* Abbeys and priories
* Medieval cathedrals
* Former cathedrals
* Round-tower churches
* Roman villas
* Historic houses
* Hall houses
* Renaissance theatres
* Listed buildings
* Museums
* Church monuments
* National Trust properties
* Windmills
* Hindu temples
* Stadiums
* Lighthouses

Other|

* London
* Birmingham
* Liverpool
* Manchester
* Bath
* Bristol
* Brighton and Hove
* Hammerbeam roof
* Fan vault
* Almshouse
* Bastle house
* Country house
* Oast house (cowl)
* Wealden hall house
* Dartmoor longhouse
* Somerset towers
* Bath stone
* Portland stone
* Flushwork
* English landscape garden
* Cruck framing

Category

* v
* t
* e

Historicism and Revivalism in architecture and decorative arts

International|

* Art Deco
* Art Nouveau
* Arts and Crafts
* Baroque Revival
* Beaux-Arts
* Neo-Byzantine
* Carpenter Gothic
* Egyptian Revival
* French Provincial
* Gothic Revival
* Greek Revival / Neo-Grec
* Mayan Revival
* Moorish Revival
* Neoclassical
* New Classical
* Renaissance Revival
* Châteauesque
* Italianate
* Palazzo style
* Rococo Revival
* Romanesque Revival
* Second Empire
* French
* European
* North American
* Spanish Colonial Revival
* Swiss chalet style
* Vernacular

France|

* Henry II style
* Henry IV style
* Louis XIII style
* Louis XIV style
* Louis XV style
* Louis XVI style
* Neoclassicism
* Directoire style
* Empire style
* Louis Philippe style
* Second Empire style
* Belle Époque

Germany, Austria-Hungary|

* Biedermeier
* Gründerzeit
* Jugendstil
* Nazi architecture
* Resort style
* Rundbogenstil

Great Britain|

* Adamesque
* Bristol Byzantine
* Edwardian Baroque
* Egyptian Revival
* Georgian Revival
* Indo-Saracenic Revival
* British India
* Jacobethan
* Neo-Palladian
* Queen Anne Revival
* Regency
* Romanesque Revival
* Scottish Baronial
* Tudor Revival / Black-and-white Revival

Greece|

* Mycenaean Revival

Italy|

* Stile Umbertino
* Milan

Netherlands|

* Traditionalist School

Nordic countries|

* Dragon style
* National Romantic style
* Gustavian style
* Nordic Classicism

Portugal|

* Neo-Manueline
* Neo-Mudéjar
* Soft Portuguese style

Poland|

* Zakopane Style

Romania|

* Romanian Revival

Russian Empire and USSR|

* Neo-Byzantine
* Neoclassical Revival
* Russian Revival
* Stalinist

Serbia|

* Serbo-Byzantine Revival

Spain|

* Neo-Mudéjar

United States|

* American Renaissance
* Collegiate Gothic
* Colonial Revival
* Dutch Colonial Revival
* Federal style
* Greco Deco
* Jeffersonian
* Mediterranean Revival
* Mission Revival
* Pueblo Revival
* Polish cathedral style
* Queen Anne style
* Richardsonian Romanesque
* Territorial Revival

* v
* t
* e

Housing in the United Kingdom

* Housing in Scotland
* Housing in Wales

Architectures|

* Victorian
* Edwardian

Cities and towns|

* Glasgow
* Liverpool

General|

* Affordability
* Energy efficiency
* Homelessness
* Act 2002
* Gatekeeping
* Reduction Bill 2016–17
* Homes England
* Housing Corporation
* Minister of State for Housing
* Public Housing
* Right to Buy
* Slum clearance
* Squatting

Variants|

* Back-to-back
* Birmingham Back to Backs
* Boot
* English country
* List
* Estate
* Hall
* Oast
* Prefabricated
* Airey
* Atholl steel
* Reema construction
* Wimpey no-fines
* Terraced
* Byelaw
* Pre-regulation
* Two-up two-down
* Tower blocks
* Townhouse
* Weavers' cottage
* Wealden hall

Parliamentary acts|

| Housing|

* 1874
* 1924
* 1930
* 1933
* 1935
* 1936
* 1944
* 1949
* 1957
* 1961
* 1969
* 1980
* 1985
* 1988
* 1996
* Grants, Construction and Regeneration
* 2004
* 2008
* 2023

|

Housing and town planning|

* 1909
* 1919
* 1986
* 2016

Working classes|

* 1885
* 1890
* 1900

* Category

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