Esteghlal F.C.

Not to be confused with Esteghlal Khuzestan F.C..

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|

Football club

Esteghlal

logo of Esteghlal FC

Full name| Esteghlal Football Club
Nickname(s)| Blue Giant of Asia
Persian Blue Lions
Capital Blues
Blue Boys
Tâj

Founded| 26 September 1945; 78 years ago (1945-09-26)
as Docharkheh Savaran Football Club
Ground| Azadi Stadium
Capacity| 78,116[1]
Owner| Esteghlal of Iran Athletic and Cultural Company
(Pars Petrochemical Co: 20%
BSPC: 20%
BIPC: 20%
STPC: 20%
PGPIC: 5%
MSY: 3.54%
Public Shareholders: 11.46% - IFB: ESLP1)
President| Farshid Samiei
Head coach| Javad Nekounam
League| Persian Gulf Pro League
2023–24| Persian Gulf Pro League, 2nd
Website| Club website

Home colours

Away colours

|

Current season
Active departments of Esteghlal F.C.

|  |  |

|
|

Football
(Men's)|  Football U-21
(Men's)|  Football U-19
(Men's)
|  |
Football U-17
(Men's)|  Football U-15
(Men's)|  Wrestling
(Men's)
Closed departments of Esteghlal F.C.

|  |  |

|
|

Football B
(Men's)|  Football
(Women's)|  Futsal
(Men's)
|  |
Volleyball
(Men's)|  Volleyball
(Women's)|  Basketball
(Men's)
|  |
Basketball
(Women's)|  Athletics
(Men's)|

Esteghlal Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال استقلال; , commonly known as Esteghlal (meaning 'The Independence'), is an Iranian professional football club based in Tehran that competes in the Persian Gulf Pro League. The club was founded in 1945 as 'The Cyclists' (دوچرخه‌سواران, Dočarxe-Savârân) and was known as Tâj (تاج; meaning 'The Crown') between 1949 and 1979. The club is part of the multisport club Esteghlal Athletic and Cultural Company of Iran (شرکت فرهنگی ورزشی استقلال ایران). They were the first team to reach 1,000 points in Persian Gulf Pro League.[2][3][4]

After the 1979 revolution, the club's women's team was dissolved and the progress of women's football in Iran was tied to politics. Since the 1973–74 season, Esteghlal has played its home games at the Azadi, which has a seating capacity of 78,116,[1] though it can hold more people during important matches. Esteghlal set an attendance record for an Asian Club Championship match in 1999 when 125,000 supporters watched their final against Júbilo Iwata in Tehran.[5] Esteghlal Club has an average of 3 to 11 million viewers in each of its games on television and cyberspace.[citation needed]

## History

[edit]

### 1945–69: early years, The Crown

[edit]

Docharkheh Savaran (Taj) Team in 1946 Ali Danaeifard, club player and manager from 1946 until 1969

On 20 September 1945, some young athletes and students including a 23-year-old military officer Parviz Khosravani (first manager of the club), Asghar Navaab (Bicycle Mechanic), Enayat Jananpour (National Sports Organisation staff member), Mirzaee (carpenter) and Khashaaei (bank guard) established a sports club on Ferdowsi Street, Tehran. Since the founders of the club were mostly interested in cycling, the club's original name was Docharkheh Savaran (Persian: دوچرخه سواران; meaning 'The Cyclists'), in 1945. Esteghlal football club played its first official match in 1946.

In the first year, the 1946 season, they stood in second place of Tehran Football League and Tehran Hazfi Cup. The 1947 season ended with the first ever Esteghlal's cup, after victories to reach the Tehran Hazfi Cup. Docharkhe Savaran founders and players agreed with the rename of the club to Taj (Persian: تاج; meaning 'The Crown'), in 1949.

From the beginning Taj or Docharkeh Savaran competed in the Tehran Local League, which at the time was the highest ranked league in Iran. On 6 March 1950, Taj played its first official game in Amjadieh Stadium against Shahin; Taj managed a 1–0 win.

Taj won seven first titles in the 1950s and 1960s; 1949–1950, 1951–1952, 1957–1958 and the three consecutive championships in 1959–1960, 1960–1961 and 1961–1962 (in the following years Taj added its first titles from the Tehran Provincial League and the Tehran Hazfi Cup) and again in 1963–1964 season.

Taj also won four Tehran Hazfi Cup in 1947, 1951, 1958 and 1959. The most successful club in Iran between that years, so far than other great teams like Daraei with three first titles and Shahin with two first titles and four-second place.[6] The first national cup was obtained in 1957 National Football League after victory against Tabriz team by three goals.Taj represented tehrans's football in those games which played in Bagh-e-Homayun ground.

Büyük Jeddikar is known for being the first footballer in Iranian football history to be transferred from an Iranian club TAJ (Esteghlal) to a foreign club in 1957.

Tehran old derby was a sensitive match which played between TAJ and Shahin in mid century, until 1967.

### 1970–78: champion of Asia and Iran

[edit]

The 1970 Asian Club Championship was the 3rd edition of the annual Asian club football competition hosted by Asian Football Confederation. Seven clubs from seven countries competed in the tournament. The tournament was held in Tehran, Iran in April. The clubs were split in two groups and the group winners and runners-up advanced to semi-finals.

Taj defeated Hapoel Tel Aviv of Israel 2–1 in the final to win its first ever Asian Club Championship and started new era in Iranian football with announced of professionalisation of football in Iran.

TAJ squad in 1970 as national and continental champions

This year had another honour for TAJ, the first Iranian national league title: 1970–71 Local League under management of Rajkov. TAJ defeated PAS 2–1 in final match. TAJ have reached to third place of 1971 Asian Club Championship, a year after the first Asian Cup of club. They were defeated ROK Army of Korea 3–2 in Third place match.

Esteghlal stood at second place in the 1973–74 league, with only two points less than Persepolis. Gholam Hossein Mazloumi was the top scorer of the league, with 15 goals. TAJ reached the 1974–75 Takht Jamshid Cup the next year, the second official Iranian Football League for Club. Mazloumi was still the best scorer. Social tensions came to the club, a rebellion against the system which named revolution in next years.

### 1979–2001: revolution and post-revolution

[edit]

After the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran, the club was taken over by the newly established Islamic government and put under the control of the Physical Education Organization of the Islamic republic of Iran (Persian: سازمان تربیت بدنی جمهوری اسلامی ايران), a governmental organisation, and changed its name to Esteghlal (Persian: استقلال), 'Independence' in Persian; Taj (تاج) means 'Crown' in Persian. All players not swearing allegiance to the new Islamic government were arrested, brutally beaten and executed by Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps. After the revolution, any sign of the previous monarchist regime was not tolerated.

During the 1980s, Esteghlal won the Tehran Football League twice. The 1989–90 season was a memorable one for Esteghlal. The club finished 1st in Group B of the Qods League and advanced to the semi-finals. Esteghlal defeated Malavan 4–0 on aggregate to advance to the final against the rival: Persepolis. Esteghlal defeated Persepolis 2–1 to win the Qods League. In the following season, Esteghlal made it to the final of the Hazfi Cup only to lose to Malavan on penalties.

1990–91 Esteghlal won the Asian Club Championship for the 2nd time defeating Chinese club Liaoning 2–1. In the next year Esteghlal reached the 1991 Asian Club Championship final match again and lost in penalties to Al-Hilal FC. Esteghlal once again reached the final of the Asian Club Championship in 1999, this time losing to Japanese club Júbilo Iwata 1–2 in Tehran.

### 2001–present: Iran Pro League Era

[edit]

2001 marked the first year of the newly founded Iran Pro League. Going into the final day, Esteghlal was on top of the league's table; however, with an Esteghlal loss and a Persepolis win, Persepolis was crowned as the league's inaugural champion. However, the 2001–02 Hazfi Cup provided some consolation for Esteghlal as they beat Fajr Sepasi 4–3 on aggregate to win the cup. The 2002–03 season was one of the worst years in club history, as they finished 9th and were eliminated in the group stage of the AFC Champions League.

In July 2003, Amir Ghalenoi was appointed manager of Esteghlal. In his first year, Esteghlal finished runner-up in the league behind the champion Pas Tehran. Ghalenoi also made it to the final of the Hazfi Cup losing 2–5 on aggregate to Sepahan. His second season proved to be less successful as Esteghlal finished 3rd and failed to qualify to the AFC Champions League. However, the 2005–06 season Esteghlal were crowned champions of the Iran Pro League for the first time in the Pro League era.

In 2006 after the departure of Amir Ghalenoi, his assistant and youth team coach Samad Marfavi took over the head-coaching job. Esteghlal had a disappointing season, finishing fourth, thus failing to secure a spot in the AFC Champions League, as well as only reaching the Round of 16 in the Hazfi Cup with a shock defeat by Fajr Sepasi. After Marfavi's departure in August 2007, Nasser Hejazi took over; but after only 14 games and 4 defeats, Hejazi was fired as manager in November 2007. Firouz Karimi was hired as the temporary head coach for the remainder of the season; he did not fare much better than Hejazi and the team finished 13th in the league, its lowest finish ever. Firouz Karimi was fired in May 2008 and Amir Ghalenoi was hired again in July 2008. He regrouped the team and the Hazfi Cup proved to be a valuable consolation, as Esteghlal became champions after defeating Pegah Gilan 3–1 on aggregate, thus securing a Champions League spot after a two-year absence. During Ghalenoi's first full and only season in his second stint with Esteghlal, he led the team to an Iran Pro League championship, finishing ahead of Zob Ahan on goal difference. However, after a group stage exit in the AFC Champions League, Ghalenoi resigned.

Samad Marfavi took the reins of Esteghlal for a second time; Marfavi led the team to a 3rd place league finish in the 2009–10 season and also led the team to the Round of 16 of the AFC Champions League, losing to Al Shabab of Saudi Arabia 2–3 on aggregate. In the spring of 2010, Marfavi extended his contract for another year, but strangely a few days later he resigned. This time Esteghlal turned to Parviz Mazloumi, a former Esteghlal player in the 1980s. During his 2-year tenure with Esteghlal, he led the team to 2nd and 3rd place league finishes, as well as a Hazfi Cup trophy in 2012. After a 0–2 loss to fellow countrymen Sepahan in the Round 16 of the AFC Champions League, Mazloumi was sacked by the club and Amir Ghalenoi took the reins of Esteghlal for a third time.

The new era started for Esteghlal. Ghalenoi had no trouble leading Esteghlal to a league victory in his first season back. The team also made it to the semi-finals of the Hazfi Cup which they eventually lost to Sepahan. The year was also marked by advancing to the AFC Champions League semi-finals where they met Korean side FC Seoul. After a 0–2 away loss in the first leg, Esteghlal faced an uphill task; they returned to Azadi Stadium but eventually lost to FC Seoul 2–4 on aggregate.

The next season however was a disappointing one for Ghalenoi and his team. With a chance to win the league on the final match day, Esteghlal lost 1–3 to Tractor Sazi and dropped to 5th place, and out of a champions league slot. Esteghlal also faced a shock defeat at the hands of Mes Kerman in the Hazfi Cup semi-finals. To top off Esteghlal's horrendous year, the team failed to reach the AFC Champions League knock-out stage, finishing 3rd in its group.

After Esteghlal's defeat to Zob Ahan in the Hazfi Cup final on 29 May 2016, Parviz Mazloomi was fired and replaced by former player and Naft Tehran's head coach Alireza Mansourian on 1 June 2016. Esteghlal started the season poorly and were knocked out of the Hazfi Cup in the Quarter-finals by Naft Tehran. The club was also issued a transfer ban for the 2017 winter period for outstanding debts to Adil Chihi. On 7 February 2017, Esteghlal defeated Qatari club Al Sadd on penalties to advance to the 2017 AFC Champions League group stage. Esteghlal was defeated by Al Ain 6–1 on quarter final of 2017 AFC Champions League and was eliminated. Mansourian was the head coach of Esteghlal until 7th week of 2017–18 season of Persian Gulf Pro League. Mansourian resigned after accumulating only 5 points in 7 matches and standing on 16th position. German coach Winfried Schäfer was appointed as new manager of Esteghlal Tehran on 1 October 2017, replacing Alireza Mansourian. He was fired in the spring of 2019 and Farhad Majidi replaced him, but was fired at the end of the season.

In June 2019, Italian coach Andrea Stramaccioni was appointed as Esteghlal's coach, but he later left the club in December 2019 due to financial insolvency.[7]

## Crest and symbols and estate

[edit]

Unveiled in 1946, Docharkhehsavaran's first crest featured a blue cyclist cycling. In 1950 following change of club's name the crest changed to two interlocking rings on both sides of Pahlavi crown.

Before the revolution, the Taj sports complex had 5 sports clubs in Tehran and 66 clubs in the cities. Taj also had clubs in Turkey (under the name of Tajspor club) and Qatar. Taj clubs in Tehran include Taj Central Palace on Baharestan Street, Pele Sports Club on Nizam Abad Street, Taj Women's Club on Los Angeles Street (now Hijab), Taj Tennis Club on Pahlavi Street (now Veli Asr) and Reza Pahlavi club was in Naziabad. Taj also had two sports stores in Tehran on Shahreza and Baharestan streets. With the Iranian revolution and on 28 February, the Taj Central Palace and other places belonging to the Taj Club were taken over by the Revolutionary Committees.

The sports facilities were given to the Physical Training Organization and the administrative facilities or other services such as the sports store of the club were handed over to organizations such as the Islamic Propaganda Organization. Esteghlal Club's efforts to reclaim these places have not been successful so far.

## Colours

[edit]

Esteghlal wore blue shirts from the beginning with white or blue shorts and socks. The second colour of the club is white.

### Historical kits

[edit]

Historical kits of Esteghlal

1945
The First Kit (was founded in 1945)

1970
1st Asian Championship title

1991
2nd Asian Championship title

## Rivalries

[edit]

### Tehran derby

[edit]

Main article: Tehran derby

Other important rivalries: Esteghlal–Sepahan rivalry

The club's biggest rival and its opponent in the Tehran derby is Persepolis. The first derby match between the clubs took place on 5 April 1968, at Amjadieh Stadium.

In 1995, IRIFF began to invite foreign referees to officiate the derby to ease fans' and players' suspicions of referee bias. This occurred after the events of the 38th derby (20 January 1995) in which Persepolis was leading by a score of 2–0 until the 79th minute when Esteghlal scored two goals within 8 minutes to erase the deficit; the 1st goal was scored from the penalty spot which angered the Persepolis fans and players who felt the referee was biased towards Esteghlal. Persepolis fans stormed the field in the 88th minute and fights broke out on the pitch between fans and players. Following the match, it was decided that Iranian referees would no longer be used for the derby. After 14 years of foreign referees, the second leg of the 2008–09 season saw an Iranian once again refereeing the derby. The game ended in a draw.

## Supporters

[edit]

Esteghlal fans during the Tehran derby

Esteghlal is one of the most supported teams in Iran and Asia. The club is based in Tehran and is popular in all parts of the country. Esteghlal also has a fan base in the United States, Europe and Persian Gulf countries.[citation needed] The match between Esteghlal and Jubilo Iwata in the 1998–99 Asian Club Championship final with 125,000 spectators is known as the most watched match in Asia, which was played at Azadi Stadium.[8]

## Grounds

[edit]

Main article: Azadi Stadium

Azadi Stadium is Iran's national stadium and the largest in the country. Azadi Stadium officially had a capacity of 100,000 people at the beginning[9][10] and was built to host the 1974 Asian Games. The stadium is part of the much larger Azadi Sports Complex and is surrounded by a rowing river, football training pitches, a weightlifting complex, swimming facilities and indoor volleyball and futsal courts, among many other amenities. Today, Azadi Stadium has a capacity of 78,116 after renovations in 2016.[11]

Esteghlal's home stadium is Azadi (Persian: ورزشگاه آزادی), a football stadium in Tehran, Iran. The stadium's former name was Aryamehr Stadium which was changed after the Iranian Revolution. Prior to the construction of Azadi, Esteghlal used to play their games at Amjadieh Stadium.

## Players

[edit]

Main article: List of Esteghlal F.C. players

### Current squad

[edit]

See also: 2024–25 Esteghlal F.C. season
As of 27 July 2024

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. | Pos. | Nation  | Player

|
|
|

1  | GK |  IRN | Hossein Hosseini (captain)
3  | DF |  IRN | Saman Fallah
4  | MF |  IRN | Rouzbeh Cheshmi (vice-captain)
5  | DF |  IRN | Armin Sohrabian
6  | DF |  IRN | Iman Salimi
7  | FW |  IRN | Mehrdad Mohammadi
8  | MF |  IRN | Arash Rezavand
10  | DF |  IRN | Ramin Rezaeian
11  | FW |  FRA | Arthur Yamga INJ
12  | GK |  IRN | Mohammad Reza Khaledabadi U25
14  | MF |  IRN | Zobeir Niknafs
16  | FW |  COD | Gaël Kakuta
| No. | Pos. | Nation  | Player

|
|
|

17  | FW |  BIH | Almedin Ziljkić
18  | DF |  IRN | Milad Zakipour
17  | MF |  IRN | Alireza Koushki
19  | FW |  ARG | Gustavo Blanco
22  | GK |  IRN | Mohammad Javad Kia U25
23  | FW |  IRN | Arman Ramezani
30  | DF |  IRN | Saman Touranian U25
33  | DF |  IRN | Abolfazl Jalali
55  | DF |  BRA | Raphael Silva
77  | MF |  UZB | Jaloliddin Masharipov
80  | MF |  IRN | Mohammad Hossein Eslami
90  | GK |  IRN | Sina Saeidifar U25

* U21 = Under 21 year player. U23 = Under 23 year player. INJ = Out of main squad due to injury.

### Other players on the contract

[edit]

As of 24 July 2024

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. | Pos. | Nation  | Player

|
|
|

9  | MF |  IRN | Mehdi Mehdipour INJ
13  | GK |  BIH | Vedran Kjosevski
66  | MF |  IRQ | Muntadher MohammedU25

### Reserve team

[edit]

Note: These players are on the team list. They also participate in team training and are under the contracts. Mostly they are not on the list of 18 players.

As of 31 January 2024

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. | Pos. | Nation  | Player

|
|
|

89  | FW |  IRN | Hesam Eskandari U21
92  | FW |  IRN | Aliakbar Rahimi U23
| No. | Pos. | Nation  | Player

|
|
|

95  | DF |  IRN | Mojtaba Farashbandi U23
-- | FW |  IRN | Moein Enayati U25

### Club captains

[edit]

Esteghlal captains since 1990.

#  | Name  | Captaincy

|
|

|  Shahin Bayani | 1990–1992

|  Amir Ghalenoei | 1992–1997

|  Javad Zarincheh | 1997–2000

|  Mehdi Pashazadeh | 2000–2003

|  Mahmoud Fekri | 2003–2007

|  Alireza Mansourian | 2007–2008

|  Farhad Majidi | 2008–2013

|  Mehdi Rahmati | 2013–2014
2015–2019

|  Amir Hossein Sadeghi | 2014–2015

|  Reza Enayati | 2015

|  Voria Ghafouri | 2019–2022

|  Hossein Hosseini | 2022–

## Personnel

[edit]

### Club managers

[edit]

Main article: List of Esteghlal F.C. managers

#### Current technical staff

[edit]

Javad Nekounam is the current head coach of the club Position  | Name

|

Head coach  |  Javad Nekounam
Assistant coach  |  Hamidreza Rajabi
Mehdi Hasheminasab
Kianoush Rahmati
Mohammad Navazi
Goalkeeper coach  |  Behzad Gholampour
Fitness Trainer  |  Josu Sesma
Physical Therapist  |  Andoni Sesma
Team manager  |  Atila Hejazi
Analyzer  |  Ali Sheikholeslami
Academy manager  |  Asghar Hajiloo
U23 manager  |  Siavash Akbarpour
U19 manager  |  Ali Saghaian
U16 manager  |  Ayub Asgharkhani
U14 manager  |  Hossein Sadr Mohammadi

#### Notable managers

[edit]

Only managers who have won official trophies are listed.

Key

Name  | Official Trophies

|

Domestic
IPL  | Iranian league
HC  | Hazfi Cup
ISC  | Iranian Super Cup
ICC  | Iran championship cup
TPL  | Tehran Province League
THC  | Tehran Hazfi Cup
TSC  | Tehran Super Cup
Continental
ACL  | AFC Champions League
Zdravko Rajkov was Esteghlal's first international coach. Name  | Nat.  | Period  | Official Trophies

|
|
|

Total  | Domestic  | Continental
IPL  | HC  | ISC  | ICC  | TPL  | THC  | TSC  | ACL
Ali Danaeifard |  | 1946–1953
1954–1967
1968–1970
1976  | 13  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 1  | 8  | 4  | 0  | 0
Mansour Pourheidari |  | 1979
1981
1983–1984
1985–1986
1986–1988
1989–1992
1995–1996
2000–2002
2003  | 8  | 2  | 2  | 0  | 0  | 3  | 0  | 0  | 1
Zdravko Rajkov |  | 1969–1971
1971–1976  | 5  | 2  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 2  | 0  | 0  | 1
Amir Ghalenoei |  | 2003–2006
2008–2009
2012–2015  | 5  | 3  | 2  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0
Vladimir Đekić |  | 1976–1979  | 1  | 0  | 1  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0
Reza Naalchegar |  | 1994
1994  | 1  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 1  | 0
Nasser Hejazi |  | 1996–1999  | 1  | 1  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0
Parviz Mazloumi |  | 2010–2012
2015–2016  | 1  | 0  | 1  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0
Winfried Schäfer |  | 2017–2019  | 1  | 0  | 1  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0
Farhad Majidi |  | 2019–2020
2021–2022  | 1  | 1  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0
Ricardo Sá Pinto |  | 2022–2023  | 1  | 0  | 0  | 1  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0

### Chairmen

[edit]

Main article: List of Esteghlal F.C. chairmen

Parviz Khosravani, the founder and the first chairman of the club

#### Current management board

[edit]

Chairman |  Farshid Samiei

|

Board president |  Ahmad Shahriari
Other board members |  Mostafa Karkhaneh
Mahdi Heydarzadeh

Mahdi Afzali

#### Notable Chairmen

[edit]

Chairman  | Tenure

|

Enayatollah Atashi (acting)  | April 1979 – May 1979
Nader Faryadshiran | June 1985 – September 1985
Ali Agha-Mohammadi | June 1989 – September 1989
Ali Fathollahzadeh | 28 October 1996 – 20 May 2003,[12] 30 April 2007 – 17 September 2008, 9 June 2010 – 17 May 2014,[13][14] 26 February 2020 – 20 March 2020
Amir Reza Vaezi-Ashtiani | 20 September 2008 – 31 May 2010
Mostafa Ajorlu | 24 September 2021 – 15 October 2022

## Honours

[edit]

Main article: List of Esteghlal F.C. honours

Esteghlal has won 38 championship titles in provincial, national and continental cups.[15][16]

Esteghlal F.C. official honours[17][18][19]

Type  | Competition  | Titles  | Seasons
Domestic  | National
League | 9 | 1970–71, 1974–75, 1989–90, 1997–98, 2000–01, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2012–13, 2021–22
Hazfi Cup | 7* | 1976–77, 1995–96, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2017–18
Super Cup | 1 | 2022
Championship Cup | 1 | 1957
Provincial  | Tehran League | 13 | 1949–50, 1952–53, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1962–63, 1968–69, 1970–1971, 1972–73, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1991–92
Tehran Hazfi Cup  | 4 | 1946–47, 1950–51, 1958–59, 1960–61
Tehran Super Cup  | 1* | 1994
Continental  | AFC Champions League | 2** | 1970, 1990–91

* record

* * shared record

* ** Iran record

### Domestic

[edit]

#### League

[edit]

Esteghlal were crowned champions ending the 2021-22 Persian Gulf Pro League season without a single defeat – the first Iranian team ever to do so in a 30-game league season. Taj (Esteghlal) championship in the 1970 AFC Champions League, first Asian title for and a Muslim Club and an Iranian club.[20] The Taj Club Museum, which was looted by Islamic marauding revolutionaries after the 1979 revolution. Most of the museum's trophies were won by the club's football team.

* Iran League

Winners (9): 1970–71, 1974–75, 1989–90, 1997–98, 2000–01, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2012–13, 2021–22
Runners-up (11): 1973–74, 1991–92, 1994–95, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2010–11, 2016–17, 2019–20, 2023–24

#### Cups

[edit]

* Hazfi Cup (shared record)

Winners (7): 1976–77, 1995–96, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2017–18
Runners-up (7): 1989–90, 1998–99, 2003–04, 2015–16, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2022–2023

* Super Cup

Winners (1): 2022
Runners-up (1): 2018

#### Provincial

[edit]

* Tehran League (record)

Winners (13): 1949–50, 1952–53, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1962–63, 1968–69, 1970–1971, 1972–73, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1991–92
Runners-up (7): 1946–47, 1951–52, 1958–59, 1969–70, 1982–83, 1989–90, 1990–91

* Tehran Hazfi Cup

Winners (4): 1946–47, 1950–51, 1958–59, 1960–61
Runners-up (3): 1945–46, 1957–58, 1969–70

* Tehran Super Cup (shared record)

Winners (1): 1994

### Continental

[edit]

* AFC Champions League (Iran record)

Winners (2): 1970, 1990–91
Runners-up (2): 1991, 1998–99
Third place (2): 1971, 2001–02

### Doubles and Treble

[edit]

Esteghlal has achieved the Double on 5 occasions in its history:

* Iran League and Tehran League
* 1957–58 Season
* 1970–71 Season
* Tehran League and Tehran Hazfi Cup
* 1958–59 Season
* 1960–61 Season
* AFC Champions League and Tehran League
* 1990–91 Season

Esteghlal has achieved the Treble on 1 occasions in its history:

* AFC Champions League and Iran League and Tehran League
* 1970–71 Season

### Minor Tournaments

[edit]

#### International

[edit]

* DCM Trophy
* Winners (4): 1969, 1970, 1971, 1989[21]
* Bordoloi Trophy
* Winners (1): 1989[22]
* Qatar Independence Cup
* Winners (1): 1991
* Turkmenistan President's Cup
* Winners (1): 1998[citation needed]
* Caspian International Cup
* Winners (1): 1998

## Statistics and records

[edit]

Main article: List of Esteghlal F.C. records and statistics

Arash Borhani is Esteghlal's all-time leading goalscorer with 108 goals in all competitions.He scored a poker at 13–0 victory agenst Zoratkaran Parsabad Ardabil F.C.[23]

### Official Matches

[edit]

* Most goals scored in a match:
* 18 – 0 (1 time) (Iran record)
* 13 – 0 (1 time)
* 13 – 1 (1 time)
* 11 – 0 (2 time)
* 11 – 1 (1 time)
* 10 – 0 (4 time)
* 10 – 1 (1 time)
* 9 – 0 (4 time)
* 9 – 1 (1 time)
* 8 – 0 (3 time)
* 8 – 1 (3 time)
* 7 – 0 (8 time)
* 7 – 1 (3 time)
* 6 – 0 (11 time)
* 6 – 1 (6 time)
* 6 – 2 (2 time)
* 6 – 3 (1 time)
* 5 – 0 (25 time)
* 5 – 1 (13 time)
* 5 – 2 (5 time)
* 5 – 3 (2 time)
* Most goals conceded in a match: 6 – 0 (1 times)
* Player with a most goal in a single match:
* Ali Jabbari with 5 goals (3 time)
* Reza Enayati with 5 goals
* Arash Borhani with 5 goals

### Statistics in IPL

[edit]

* Seasons in IPL: 22 (all) (record)
* Best position in IPL: First (2005–06, 2008–2009, 2012–13 , 2021-22)
* Worst position in IPL: 13 (2007–08)
* Most Points scored in a season: 68 (2021-22) (record)
* Fewest losses in a season: 0 Loss (2021-22) (record)
* Most goals scored in a season: 70 (2008–09) (record)
* Most goals scored in a match:
* 7 – 1 (1 time)
* 6 – 0 (1 time)
* 6 – 1 (1 time)
* 6 – 2 (1 time)
* 5 – 0 (5 time)
* 5 – 1 (1 time)
* 5 – 2 (1 time)
* 4 – 0 (8 time)
* 4 – 1 (10 time)
* 4 – 2 (6 time)
* 4 – 3 (2 time)
* Most goals conceded in a match: 4 – 1 (3 times)
* Player with a most goal in a single match: Reza Enayati with 5 goals

### Statistics in ACC/ACL/ACWC

[edit]

* Most goals scored in a match:
* 8 – 0 (1 time)
* 7 – 0 (1 time)
* 5 – 0 (2 time)
* 5 – 2 (2 time)
* 5 – 3 (1 time)
* 4 – 0 (1 time)
* 4 – 2 (2 time)
* 4 – 3 (1 time)
* 3 – 0 (13 time)
* 3 – 1 (3 time)
* 3 – 2 (1 time)
* Most goals conceded in a match: 1 – 6 (1 time)
* Player with the most goals in a single match:
* Farhad Majidi with 4 goals
* Ali Jabari with 3 goals
* Farhad Majidi with 3 goals
* Ali Latifi with 3 goals
* Mame Thiam with 3 goals

### Statistics in Hazfi Cup

[edit]

* Most goals scored in a match:
* 13 – 0 (1 time)
* 10 – 1 (1 time)
* 9 – 0 (1 time)
* 8 – 1 (2 time)
* 6 – 0 (2 time)
* 5 – 0 (4 time)
* 5 – 1 (1 time)
* 5 – 2 (1 time)
* 5 – 3 (1 time)
* Most goals conceded in a match: 0 – 3 (1 time)
* Player with the most goals in a single match:
* Arash Borhani with 5 goals
* Alireza Akbarpour with 4 goals
* Adel Hardani with 4 goals
* Dariush Yazdabi with 4 goals
* Mehdi Seyed-Salehi with 4 goals

### Season-by-season

[edit]

For details on seasons, see List of Esteghlal F.C. seasons.

## Esteghlal Women's Football Club

[edit]

Main article: Esteghlal Women F.C.

Friendly match of Taj F.C. Women's Football team and selected team of Italian women footballers in 1970

Esteghlal was the first club in Iran that established a team for women's football. To reach this goal the club has made some Camps for training players.[24][25]

The first attempts to launch women's football in Iran began in the late 1960s. In 1969, with the increase in the number of women interested in football in Iran, the Football Federation sent several women to FIFA training courses. During the trip, Iranian coaches were able to watch matches of Asian women's soccer teams such as South Korea, India and Singapore, held at the venue. Iranian football authorities then decided to form women's soccer teams at the club level. Esteghlal F.C. (TAJ) was the first Iranian club to establish a women's soccer training class and set up its own women's team.

The women's team which competed in the Kowsar Women Football League was dissolved in 2016 due to financial issues.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "22". varzesh3.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
2. ^ "1000 points". Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
3. ^ +1000 points
4. ^ "+1000 points". Archived from the original on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
5. ^ "در تهران | ورزش 11" [Esteghlal the Iranian Crown]. www.varzesh11.com. FIFA. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
6. ^ "۱۳۸۳ هفته نامه کیهان ورزشی شماره ۲۵۲۳ فروردین". kayhan.ir. Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
7. ^ "Andrea Stramaccioni cancels contract with Esteghlal". Tehran Times. 8 December 2019. Archived from the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
8. ^ Montréal, C. F. "Foot culture: the finals with the biggest attendance". CF Montréal. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
9. ^ "Azadi Sport Complex [www.AzadiSportComplex.com]". Azadisportcomplex.com. 3 April 2001. Archived from the original on 22 May 2013. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
10. ^ "Stadium List :: 100 000+ Stadiums". World Stadiums. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
11. ^ "دکتر گودرزی:ورزشگاه آزادی تا پایان مردادماه آماده می شود". msy.gov.ir. 22 May 2016. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
12. ^ "علي فتح‌الله‌زاده: شرمنده هواداران شدم، استعفا دادم فقط 45 درصد از برنامه‌هايم تحقق يافت هيچگاه حمايت‌ها با خواسته‌ها مطابقت نداشت". ایسنا (in Persian). 21 May 2003. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
13. ^ "فتح الله زاده سرپرست باشگاه استقلال شد". خبرگزاری مهر | اخبار ایران و جهان | Mehr News Agency (in Persian). 9 June 2010. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
14. ^ "خدا را شکر افشارزاده مدیرعاملی را قبول کرد/ می‌خواهم یکسال استراحت کنم". خبرگزاری مهر | اخبار ایران و جهان | Mehr News Agency (in Persian). 17 May 2014. Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
15. ^ "دربارهٔ باشگاه". fcesteghlal. 23 February 2012. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012.
16. ^ "تاریخچه استقلال". esteghlaljavan. 25 December 2017. Archived from the original on 27 December 2017.
17. ^ "The best clubs of Asia". rsssf. 21 December 2017. Archived from the original on 10 March 2018.
18. ^ "افتخارات و جام‌های استقلال ایران در طول تاریخ/سایت رسمی باشگاه استقلال ایران". fcesteghlal. 17 March 2020. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020.
19. ^ "Iran - List of Tehran Hazfi Cup Winners". Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
20. ^ Mulcahy, Enda. "Asian Club Competitions 1970". RSSSF. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
21. ^ Raunak, Majumdar (31 May 2019). "The DCM Trophy- Oldest Indian Tournament with International Exposure". chaseyoursport.com. Chase Your Sport. Archived from the original on 3 July 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
22. ^ Arunava, Chaudhuri. "List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Bordoloi Trophy". indianfootball.de. Indian Football Network. Archived from the original on 6 October 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
23. ^ "استقلال،ذرت کاران را در هم کوبید". ورزش سه (in Persian). Retrieved 17 November 2023.
24. ^ "تاریخچه فوتبال زنان در ایران". farhangestanefootball.ir. 4 January 2017. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
25. ^ "فوتبال زنان ایران؛ آغاز، فراموشی و احیای دوباره". iranwire.com. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2017.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Esteghlal FC.

* Official website
* Esteghlal F.C. on Instagram
* Media related to Esteghlal FC at Wikimedia Commons

Achievements

Preceded by

Maccabi Tel Aviv

|  Asian Champions League
1970 | Succeeded by

Maccabi Tel Aviv

Preceded by

Liaoning FC

|  Asian Champions League
1990–91 | Succeeded by

Al-Hilal

* v
* t
* e

Esteghlal Football Club

* Players
* Managers
* Chairmen
* Honours
* Academy
* In Asian Competitions
* Records and statistics
* Current season

History|

* History
* Seasons
* Contribution to Iran national teams
* Taj organization

Home Stadiums|

* Azadi (1974–present)
* Amjadieh (1945–1990)
* Takhti (2002–2003)

Training ground|

* Deyhim
* Marghobkar
* Enghelab

Other facilities|

* Nasser Hejazi Camp
* Emam Reza

Players|

* 100+ appearances
* Players' category
* Non Iranian players
* Goalscorers

Other teams|

* Esteghlal B
* Women's Football
* Futsal
* Bastekball: Men, Women
* Volleyball: Men, Women
* Wrestling
* Track and field

Youth teams|

* Under 21s
* Under 19s
* Under 17s
* Under 15s

Related teams|

* Esteghlal Ahvaz
* Taj Abadan

Media|

* Taj Varzeshi
* Esteghlaljavan
* Esteghlal F.C. TV

Suppoters|

* Esteghlal F.C. Supporters
* Blue Girl

Rivalries|

* League record by opponent
* Tehran Derby (List of matches)
* Sepahan rivalry

Popular Culture|

* Blue Triangle
* Esteghlalish Blue
* Blue as Colour of the Sky

* Category:Esteghlal F.C.
* Commons:Esteghlal F.C.
* Portal:Association football

Esteghlal related articles

* v
* t
* e

Esteghlal F.C. - current squad

* 1 Hosseini
* 3 Fallah
* 4 Cheshmi
* 5 Sohrabian
* 6 Salimi
* 7 Mohammadi
* 8 Rezavand
* 9 Mehdipour
* 10 Rezaeian
* 11 Yamga
* 12 Khaledabadi
* 14 Niknafs
* 17 Ziljkić
* 18 Zakipour
* 19 Blanco
* 23 Ramezani
* 30 Touranian
* 33 Jalali
* 55 Silva
* 77 Masharipov
* 80 Eslami
* 90 Saeidifar
* Mohammed
* Koushki
* Manager: Nekounam

* v
* t
* e

Esteghlal F.C. – managers

* Danaeifard (1946–53)
* Madadnoui (1953–54)
* Danaeifard (1954–67)
* Bayati (1967–68)
* Danaeifard (1968–70)
* Rajkov (1970–71)
* Koozehkananic (1971)
* Rajkov (1971–76)
* Danaeifardc (1976)
* Jekic (1976–78)
* Pourheidaric (1979)
* Razavi (1980)
* Pourheidaric (1981)
* Azodi (1981)
* Razavi (1981–82)
* Sharafi (1982)
* Azodi (1982)
* Hejazi (1983)
* Pourheidari (1983–84)
* Kordnouri (1984)
* Askarzadeh (1984)
* Hejazi (1984)
* Habibi (1984)
* Pourheidari (1985–86)
* Razavi (1986)
* Pourheidari (1986–88)
* Ranjbar (1988)
* Gh. Mazloumi (1988–89)
* Salahi (1989)
* Jamalic (1989)
* Pourheidari (1989–92)
* Zolfagharnasab (1992–93)
* Jabbaric (1993)
* Skomorokhov (1993–94)
* Naalchegar (1994)
* Bilofsky (1994)
* Naalchegarc (1994)
* Abdollahi (1994–95)
* Malekahmadic (1995)
* Pourheidari (1995–96)
* Hejazi (1996–99)
* Zarinchehc (1999)
* Skomorokhov (1999–00)
* Pourheidari (2000–02)
* Ghalenoeic (2002)
* Koch (2002–03)
* Zarinchehc (2003)
* Pourheidaric (2003)
* Ghalenoei (2003–06)
* Marfavi (2006–07)
* Hejazi (2007)
* Karimi (2007–08)
* Ghalenoei (2008–09)
* Marfavi (2009–10)
* P. Mazloumi (2010–12)
* Ghalenoei (2012–15)
* P. Mazloumi (2015–16)
* Mansourian (2016–17)
* McDermottc (2017)
* Schäfer (2017–19)
* Majidic (2019)
* Stramaccioni (2019)
* Majidi (2020)
* Namjoo-Motlaghc (2020)
* Fekri (2020–21)
* Majidi (2021–22)
* Sá Pinto (2022–23)
* Nekounam (2023–)

(c) = caretaker manager

* v
* t
* e

Esteghlal F.C. chairmen

* Parviz Khosravani (1945–50)
* Parviz Sheikhan (1950–79)
* Enayatollah AtashiA (1979)
* Abbas Kordnouri (1979–85)
* Nader Faryadshiran (1985)
* Abbas Nekoyeh (1986–89)
* Ali Agha-Mohammadi (1989)
* Kazem Oliaei (1989–96)
* Ali Fathollahzadeh (1996–03)
* Mohammadhossein Gharib (2003–05)
* Kazem Oliaei (2005)
* Mohammadhossein Gharib (2005–06)
* Manouchehr SalehiA (2006)
* Meghdad Najafnejad (2006–07)
* Mohammadreza BahmaniA (2007)
* Ali Fathollahzadeh (2007–08)
* Amir Reza Vaezi-Ashtiani (2008–10)
* Ali Fathollahzadeh (2010–14)
* Bahram Afsharzadeh (2014–16)
* Reza Hassanikho (2016)
* Reza Eftekhari (2016–18)
* Amir Hossein Fathi (2018–19)
* Esmaeil KhalilzadehA (2019–20)
* Ali FathollahzadehA (2020)
* Ahmad Saadatmand (2020)
* Ahmad Madadi (2020–21)
* Mostafa Ajorlu (2021–22)
* Ali Fathollahzadeh (2022–23)
* Hojjat KarimiA (2020)
* Ali Khatir (2023–)

(A) = Acting

* v
* t
* e

Esteghlal F.C. matches

AFC Champions League Finals|

* 1970
* 1990–91
* 1991
* 1999

Iranian League Finals|

* 1971 Local League
* 1990 Qods League
* 1995 Azadegan League

Iran championship cup|

* 1957

Hazfi Cup Finals|

* 1978
* 1990
* 1996
* 1999
* 2000
* 2002
* 2004
* 2008
* 2012
* 2016
* 2018
* 2020
* 2021
* 2023

Iranian Super Cups|

* 2018
* 2022

Tehran Championship Finals|

* 1947
* 1952
* 1956
* 1969
* 1986

Tehran Hazfi Cup Finals|

* 1945-46
* 1946–47
* 1950–51
* 1957–58
* 1958–59
* 1969–70

Other Finals|

* 1998 Turkmenistan President's Cup

* v
* t
* e

Esteghlal F.C. seasons

* 1945-46
* 1946-47
* 1947-48
* 1948-49
* 1950-51
* 1951-52
* 1952-53
* 1953-54
* 1955-56
* 1956-57
* 1957-58
* 1958-59
* 1959-60
* 1960-61
* 1961-62
* 1962-63
* 1963-64
* 1964-65
* 1965-66
* 1967-68
* 1968-69
* 1970-71
* 1971-72
* 1973-74
* 1974-75
* 1975-76
* 1976-77
* 1977-78
* 1978-79
* 1979-80
* 1980-81
* 1981-82
* 1982-83
* 1983-84
* 1984-85
* 1985-86
* 1986-87
* 1987-88
* 1988-89
* 1989-90
* 1990-91
* 1991-92
* 1992-93
* 1993-94
* 1994-95
* 1995-96
* 1996-97
* 1997-98
* 1998-99
* 1999-00
* 2000-01
* 2001-02
* 2002-03
* 2003-04
* 2004-05
* 2005-06
* 2006-07
* 2007-08
* 2008-09
* 2009-10
* 2010-11
* 2011-12
* 2012-13
* 2013-14
* 2014-15
* 2015-16
* 2016-17
* 2017-18
* 2018-19
* 2019-20
* 2020-21
* 2021-22
* 2022-23
* 2023-24
* 2024-25

* v
* t
* e

Asian Club Championship and AFC Champions League Elite winners

Asian Champion Club Tournament era, 1967–1972

1960s|

* 1967: Hapoel Tel Aviv
* 1969: Maccabi Tel Aviv

1970s|

* 1970: Taj
* 1971: Maccabi Tel Aviv
* 1972: Cancelled

Asian Club Championship era, 1985–2002

1980s|

* 1985–86: Daewoo Royals
* 1986: Furukawa Electric
* 1987: Yomiuri
* 1988–89: Al-Sadd
* 1989–90: Liaoning

1990s|

* 1990–91: Esteghlal
* 1991: Al-Hilal
* 1992–93: PAS Tehran
* 1993–94: Thai Farmers Bank
* 1994–95: Thai Farmers Bank
* 1995: Ilhwa Chunma
* 1996–97: Pohang Steelers
* 1997–98: Pohang Steelers
* 1998–99: Júbilo Iwata
* 1999–2000: Al-Hilal

2000s|

* 2000–01: Suwon Samsung Bluewings
* 2001–02: Suwon Samsung Bluewings

AFC Champions League era, 2002–2024

2000s|

* 2002–03: Al Ain
* 2004: Al-Ittihad
* 2005: Al-Ittihad
* 2006: Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors
* 2007: Urawa Red Diamonds
* 2008: Gamba Osaka
* 2009: Pohang Steelers

2010s|

* 2010: Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma
* 2011: Al-Sadd
* 2012: Ulsan Hyundai
* 2013: Guangzhou Evergrande
* 2014: Western Sydney Wanderers
* 2015: Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao
* 2016: Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors
* 2017: Urawa Red Diamonds
* 2018: Kashima Antlers
* 2019: Al-Hilal

2020s|

* 2020: Ulsan Hyundai
* 2021: Al-Hilal
* 2022: Urawa Red Diamonds
* 2023–24: Al Ain

AFC Champions League Elite era, 2024–present

* v
* t
* e

Iranian football league champions

16 titles|

* Persepolis
* 1971–72, 1973–74, 1975–76, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2007–08, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2022–23, 2023–24

9 titles|

* Esteghlal
* 1970–71, 1974–75, 1989–90, 1997–98, 2000–01, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2012–13, 2021–22

5 titles|

* Pas Tehran
* 1976–77, 1977–78, 1991–92, 1992–93, 2003–04

* Sepahan
* 2002–03, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2014–15

3 titles|

* Saipa
* 1993–94, 1994–95, 2006–07

2 titles|

* Foolad
* 2004–05, 2013–14

1 title|

* Esteghlal Khuzestan
* 2015–16

* v
* t
* e

Persian Gulf Pro League

2022–23 teams|

* Aluminium Arak
* Esteghlal
* Foolad
* Gol Gohar
* Havadar
* Malavan
* Mes Kerman
* Mes Rafsanjan
* Naft Masjed Soleyman
* Nassaji
* Paykan
* Persepolis
* Sanat Naft
* Sepahan
* Tractor
* Zob Ahan

Former teams|

* Aboumoslem
* Aluminium Hormozgan
* Bargh Shiraz
* Damash
* Esteghlal Ahvaz
* Esteghlal Rasht
* Fajr
* Gahar Zagros
* Gostaresh
* Machine Sazi
* Mes Sarcheshmeh
* Naft Tehran
* Pars Jam
* PAS Hamedan
* Pas Tehran
* Payam Mashhad
* Pegah Gilan
* Rah Ahan
* Saba
* Sepidrood
* Saipa
* Siah Jamegan
* Shahin Bushehr
* Shahrdari Tabriz
* Shahr Khodro
* Shamoushak
* Shirin Faraz
* Steel Azin
* Tarbiat Yazd

Competition|

* Champions
* Iranian league system
* Foreign players

Statistics and awards|

* Winning managers
* Managers
* Top scorers
* all-time
* by season
* Football Awards

Associated competitions|

* Hazfi Cup
* Iranian Super Cup
* Azadegan League
* League 2
* League 3

List of transfers|

* summer 2012
* winter 2012–13
* summer 2013
* winter 2013–14
* summer 2014
* winter 2014–15
* summer 2015
* winter 2015–16
* summer 2016
* winter 2016–17
* summer 2017
* winter 2017–18
* summer 2018
* winter 2018–19
* summer 2019
* winter 2019–20
* summer 2020
* Winter 2020–21
* Summer 2021
* Winter 2021–22
* Summer 2022
* Winter 2022–23
* Summer 2023

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* United States

*[No.]: Number
*[Pos.]: Position
*[GK]: Goalkeeper
*[DF]: Defender
*[MF]: Midfielder
*[FW]: Forward
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template