Eurovision Song Contest 1988

International song competition

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Eurovision Song Contest 1988

Dates
Final| 30 April 1988
Host
Venue| RDS Simmonscourt Pavilion,
Ballsbridge, Dublin, Ireland
Presenter(s)|

* Pat Kenny
* Michelle Rocca

Musical director| Noel Kelehan
Directed by| Declan Lowney
Executive supervisor| Frank Naef
Executive producer| Liam Miller
Host broadcaster| Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ)
Website| eurovision.tv/event/dublin-1988
Participants
Number of entries| 21
Debuting countries| None
Returning countries| None
Non-returning countries|  Cyprus

Participation map

* Competing countries Countries that participated in the past but not in 1988

Vote
Voting system| Each country awarded 12, 10, 8-1 point(s) to their 10 favourite songs
Winning song|  Switzerland
"Ne partez pas sans moi"
1987 ← Eurovision Song Contest → 1989

The Eurovision Song Contest 1988 was the 33rd edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Dublin, Ireland, following Johnny Logan's win at the 1987 contest with the song "Hold Me Now". Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ), the contest was held at the RDS Simmonscourt on 30 April 1988 and was hosted by Irish broadcaster Pat Kenny and the Miss Ireland 1980 Michelle Rocca, marking the first time since the 1979 contest that two presenters had hosted the contest.

Twenty-one countries took part, after an initial plan of twenty-two, as Cyprus' song was disqualified for breaching the contest's rules by being published a few years earlier, in an attempt to represent the country at a prior edition of the contest. The Cypriot song had been drawn to be performed 2nd in the running order.

The winner was Switzerland with the song "Ne partez pas sans moi", performed by Canadian singer Céline Dion and composed by Atilla Şereftuğ with lyrics in French by Nella Martinetti. Switzerland beat the United Kingdom by just one point in the last vote to win the title. The victory helped launch Dion's international career, subsequently leading her to become one of the best-selling artists of all time.

## Location

[edit]

RDS Simmonscourt – host venue of the 1988 contest.

Dublin is the capital and largest city of Ireland. The contest took place at the Simmonscourt Pavilion of the Royal Dublin Society, which was normally used for agricultural and horse shows. The same venue had hosted the 1981 contest. The staging of the contest in Dublin in 1988 formed part of Dublin's yearlong celebration of 1000 years since it was established by Scandinavian settlers in 988.

## Participating countries

[edit]

Further information: List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest

Eurovision Song Contest 1988 - Participation summaries by country

* Austria
* Belgium
*  ~~Cyprus~~
* Denmark
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Israel
* Italy
* Luxembourg
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Portugal
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* United Kingdom
* Yugoslavia

The same twenty-two countries which had participated in the previous year's event submitted entries for the 1988 contest. However, a number of weeks in advance of the event, it was discovered that the song selected to represent Cyprus, "Thimame", written by John Vickers and Aristos Moschovakis and sung by Aristos Moschovakis, had previously competed in the 1984 Cypriot national selection under the title "San to rok-en-rol", and was therefore ineligible to compete at Eurovision.[1][2][3] The Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation (CyBC) subsequently announced on 12 March 1988 that it had nullified the selection of "Thimame" as the Cypriot entry; as the rules of the 1988 Cypriot selection did not provide for a second-placed song to be declared, and as there was not enough time to stage a second selection process to determine a replacement entry, CyBC was ultimately unable to participate in the contest.[1][2][4]

Several of the artists which competed in this year's contest has performed in previous editions of the event. Sweden's Tommy Körberg has competed in the 1969 contest;[5] the duo Hot Eyes, also known as Kirsten and Søren, represented Denmark for a third time, following appearances at the 1984 and 1985 contests;[6] the group MFÖ returned for Turkey after also competing in 1985;[7] Portugal's Dora competed again two years after her previous entry;[8] and Israel's Yardena Arazi returned to compete as a solo artist, after previously representing her country as part of the group Chocolate Menta Mastik in 1976, and co-hosting the 1979 contest held in Jerusalem.[9] Additionally, Finland's Boulevard had previously performed as the backing group for the previous year's Finnish entrant Vicky Rosti, and among Yardena Arazi's backing vocalists was Yehuda Tamir and Reuven Gvirtz [he], members of the Israeli group Milk and Honey which had won the 1979 contest.[10][11]

Each performance had a conductor who was maestro to the orchestra, except for Iceland and Italy.[12]

Participants of the Eurovision Song Contest 1988[12][13][14] Country  | Broadcaster  | Artist  | Song  | Language  | Songwriter(s)  | Conductor

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Austria | ORF | Wilfried | "Lisa Mona Lisa"  | German |

* Ronnie Herbholzheimer
* Klaus Kofler
* Wilfried Scheutz

| Harald Neuwirth
Belgium | RTBF | Reynaert | "Laissez briller le soleil"  | French |

* Philippe Anciaux
* Joseph Reynaerts
* Dany Willem

| Dany Willem
Denmark | DR | Hot Eyes | "Ka' du se hva' jeg sa'" | Danish |

* Søren Bundgaard
* Keld Heick

| Henrik Krogsgaard
Finland | YLE | Boulevard | "Nauravat silmät muistetaan"  | Finnish |

* Kirsti Willberg
* Pepe Willberg

| Ossi Runne
France | Antenne 2 | Gérard Lenorman | "Chanteur de charme"  | French  |

* Claude Lemesle
* Gérard Lenorman

| Guy Mattéoni
Germany | BR[a] | Maxi and Chris Garden  | "Lied für einen Freund"  | German  |

* Bernd Meinunger
* Ralph Siegel

| Michael Thatcher
Greece | ERT | Afroditi Fryda | "Clown" (Κλόουν) | Greek | Dimitris Sakislis  | Haris Andreadis
Iceland | RÚV | Beathoven  | "Sókrates"  | Icelandic | Sverrir Stormsker | No conductor
Ireland | RTÉ | Jump the Gun | "Take Him Home"  | English | Peter Eades  | Noel Kelehan
Israel | IBA | Yardena Arazi | "Ben Adam" (בן אדם) | Hebrew |

* Boris Dimitshtein
* Ehud Manor

| Eldad Shrem
Italy | RAI | Luca Barbarossa | "Ti scrivo"  | Italian | Luca Barbarossa | No conductor
Luxembourg | CLT | Lara Fabian | "Croire"  | French  |

* Jacques Cardona
* Alain Garcia

| Régis Dupré
Netherlands | NOS | Gerard Joling | "Shangri-La"  | Dutch | Peter de Wijn  | Harry van Hoof
Norway | NRK | Karoline Krüger | "For vår jord"  | Norwegian |

* Erik Hillestad
* Anita Skorgan

| Arild Stav
Portugal | RTP | Dora | "Voltarei"  | Portuguese |

* José Calvário
* José Niza

| José Calvário
Spain | TVE | La Década | "La chica que yo quiero (Made in Spain)"  | Spanish |

* Francisco Dondiego
* Enrique Piero

| Javier de Juan
Sweden | SVT | Tommy Körberg | "Stad i ljus"  | Swedish | Py Bäckman | Anders Berglund
Switzerland | SRG SSR | Céline Dion | "Ne partez pas sans moi"  | French  |

* Nella Martinetti
* Atilla Şereftuğ

| Atilla Şereftuğ
Turkey | TRT | MFÖ | "Sufi (Hey Ya Hey)"  | Turkish |

* Mazhar Alanson
* Fuat Güner
* Özkan Uğur

| Turhan Yükseler
United Kingdom | BBC | Scott Fitzgerald | "Go"  | English  | Julie Forsyth  | Ronnie Hazlehurst
Yugoslavia | JRT | Srebrna krila[b] | "Mangup" (Мангуп) | Serbo-Croatian |

* Stevo Cvikić
* Rajko Dujmić

| Nikica Kalogjera

## Format

[edit]

### Graphic design

[edit]

Host broadcaster RTÉ, employed Declan Lowney, who was notable for being a director of music videos and youth programming, as director for this edition, in order to revamp the contest to attract and sustain a younger audience. The traditional scoreboard was replaced with two giant Vidiwalls located on either side of the stage, which also projected live images of the performers from the green room where the competitors sat during the votes announcements, and a new computer-generated scoreboard was used.

The stage itself, conceived by Paula Farrell under chief production designer Michael Grogan, was also the largest and most elaborate ever constructed for the Eurovision Song Contest to date. To compensate for the fact that the vast stage took up most of the room in what is really an average size exhibition hall, the director deliberately darkened the hall where the audience was located and refused to use wide angled shots of the audience, in order to create the illusion of the venue being bigger than it actually was.

The Postcards featured the participants doing things in Ireland from culture, to tradition, to sports or sightseeing.

Lowney was also the director of the show's interval act, introduced after the competing songs and before the votes announcement. The interval act was a video of the popular Irish rock group Hothouse Flowers, which was filmed in eleven countries around Europe and was the most expensive music video ever produced in Ireland at the time.

### Voting segment

[edit]

Each country had a jury who awarded 12, 10, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 point(s) for its top ten songs. The number of jury members changed this year from 11 which had been the limit since 1975 to 16 which would be used until 1996 when five countries tested the televoting in 1997.

This edition features one of the closest and most fickle-ending votes in the history of the contest. With three countries left to vote, the UK was well in the lead with 133 points against Switzerland's 118. With the third last country, France, only awarding Switzerland one point, the UK looked certain of victory, as even if Switzerland scooped the two final 12s, the UK would only need to gather eleven points from three juries combined to be unbeatable. However, France didn't award the UK any points, and the following country, Portugal, gave the UK a meagre three points while giving the maximum 12 to Switzerland, making the contest blown open between the two countries until the end of the voting.

With the conclusion of voting from the penultimate jury, the UK was holding a five-point lead over Switzerland. As the final jury, that of Yugoslavia, began to award its points in the customary ascending order, a lot of excitement-sighs were heard from the audience to see how the two rivals for victory would fare. Switzerland was the first to be named with six points, edging it into a one-point lead over the UK. After earlier strong votes from most countries to the UK, it seemed highly likely that the UK would be given one of the higher remaining set of points. However, as Yugoslavia announced its seven, eight, ten and twelve points, it transpired that it had awarded the UK no points at all (12 points from Yugoslavia went to France), [c] and Switzerland was left with its one-point lead to savour a dramatic triumph.

## Contest overview

[edit]

This was the second victory for Switzerland at the Eurovision Song Contest after winning the first edition in 1956. It also remains the last time a song in French has won the contest, the language having dominated the event in earlier years.

The contest helped launch an international career for two now world-famous artists, the winner for Switzerland Céline Dion and Luxembourg's representative Lara Fabian. Canadian Céline Dion was a rising star in the French-speaking world at the time of the contest. Shortly afterwards she started recording songs in English to great worldwide success.[16] As Dion, Belgian-Canadian Lara Fabian also achieved a successful career after the contest with becoming established in various countries worldwide, with a mainly French-sung repertoire.[16] The UK entry was written and composed by Julie Forsyth, the daughter of the entertainer Bruce Forsyth who was present. When interviewed afterwards he was particularly annoyed at the Dutch jury not having given a vote to the UK, as they had done some work there.

Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1988[17] R/O | Country  | Artist  | Song  | Points  | Place

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|
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1  |  Iceland | Beathoven  | "Sókrates"  | 20  | 16
2  |  Sweden | Tommy Körberg | "Stad i ljus"  | 52  | 12
3  |  Finland | Boulevard | "Nauravat silmät muistetaan"  | 3  | 20
4  |  United Kingdom | Scott Fitzgerald | "Go"  | 136  | 2
5  |  Turkey | MFÖ | "Sufi (Hey Ya Hey)"  | 37  | 15
6  |  Spain | La Década | "La chica que yo quiero (Made in Spain)"  | 58  | 11
7  |  Netherlands | Gerard Joling | "Shangri-La"  | 70  | 9
8  |  Israel | Yardena Arazi | "Ben Adam"  | 85  | 7
9  |  Switzerland | Céline Dion | "Ne partez pas sans moi"  | 137  | 1
10  |  Ireland | Jump the Gun | "Take Him Home"  | 79  | 8
11  |  Germany | Maxi and Chris Garden | "Lied für einen Freund"  | 48  | 14
12  |  Austria | Wilfried | "Lisa Mona Lisa"  | 0  | 21
13  |  Denmark | Hot Eyes | "Ka' du se hva' jeg sa'" | 92  | 3
14  |  Greece | Afroditi Fryda | "Clown"  | 10  | 17
15  |  Norway | Karoline Krüger | "For vår jord"  | 88  | 5
16  |  Belgium | Reynaert | "Laissez briller le soleil"  | 5  | 18
17  |  Luxembourg | Lara Fabian | "Croire"  | 90  | 4
18  |  Italy | Luca Barbarossa | "Ti scrivo"  | 52  | 12
19  |  France | Gérard Lenorman | "Chanteur de charme"  | 64  | 10
20  |  Portugal | Dora | "Voltarei"  | 5  | 18
21  |  Yugoslavia | Srebrna krila[b] | "Mangup"  | 87  | 6

### Spokespersons

[edit]

Each country nominated a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing the votes for their respective country via telephone. Known spokespersons at the 1988 contest are listed below.

* Iceland - Guðrún Skúladóttir[18]
* Ireland - John Skehan[d]
* Sweden - Maud Uppling[20]
* United Kingdom - Colin Berry[21]
* Yugoslavia - Miša Molk[22]

## Detailed voting results

[edit]

Points allocated to the winning song from Switzerland Detailed voting results[23][24] |

Total score

Iceland

Sweden

Finland

United Kingdom

Turkey

Spain

Netherlands

Israel

Switzerland

Ireland

Germany

Austria

Denmark

Greece

Norway

Belgium

Luxembourg

Italy

France

Portugal

Yugoslavia

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Contestants

| Iceland  | 20 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 1 | 2 | 8 |
Sweden  | 52 | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 8 |  | 12 | 1 | 3 | 10 |  |  |
Finland  | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United Kingdom  | 136 | 1 | 5 | 10 |  | 12 | 10 |  | 10 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 6 | 5 | 12 | 8 | 12 |  | 3 |
Turkey  | 37 |  | 4 |  | 1 |  | 5 | 1 | 8 |  |  | 8 |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |  | 6 |  |
Spain  | 58 | 2 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  | 2 | 6 |  |  | 8 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 8 |  |  | 4
Netherlands  | 70 |  |  |  | 6 | 6 |  |  | 7 | 7 | 2 | 6 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 12 | 5 |  |  | 7
Israel  | 85 | 6 |  | 6 | 4 |  | 6 | 3 |  | 10 | 1 | 5 | 2 |  | 3 |  | 10 | 5 | 3 | 10 | 10 | 1
Switzerland  | 137 | 7 | 12 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 4 |  | 10 | 12 |  |  | 10 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 12 | 6
Ireland  | 79 |  | 7 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 6 |  | 4 |  | 7 | 6 | 7 |  | 7 | 5 |  |  | 4 | 5 | 2
Germany  | 48 | 8 |  |  | 5 | 1 | 3 |  | 5 |  | 6 |  |  | 6 |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 2 | 8
Austria  | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denmark  | 92 | 10 | 3 | 4 |  |  | 1 | 12 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 12 |  |  | 10 | 7 |  |  | 12 | 6 |
Greece  | 10 |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |
Norway  | 88 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 12 |  |  | 7 | 1 |  | 8 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 7 |  | 3 |  | 4 |  | 7 | 10
Belgium  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |
Luxembourg  | 90 | 4 | 10 | 12 | 7 |  |  | 5 |  | 12 | 12 |  | 1 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 8 |  | 2 |  | 4 | 3
Italy  | 52 |  |  | 8 |  | 4 | 7 |  |  | 8 |  | 2 | 5 |  |  | 3 |  | 2 |  | 8 |  | 5
France  | 64 |  | 2 | 3 |  | 8 | 2 | 2 |  | 3 |  | 3 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 10 |  |  | 1 | 12
Portugal  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Yugoslavia  | 87 | 12 | 6 | 1 | 8 | 7 |  |  | 12 | 2 | 3 |  | 4 | 12 | 4 |  |  | 7 | 6 | 3 |  |

### 12 points

[edit]

Below is a summary of all 12 points in the final:

N.  | Contestant  | Nation(s) giving 12 points

|
|

3  |  Denmark |  Austria,  France,  Netherlands
Luxembourg |  Finland,  Ireland,  Switzerland
Switzerland |  Germany,  Portugal,  Sweden
United Kingdom |  Belgium,  Italy,  Turkey
Yugoslavia |  Denmark,  Iceland,  Israel
2  |  Netherlands |  Greece,  Luxembourg
1  |  France |  Yugoslavia
Ireland |  Spain
Norway |  United Kingdom
Sweden |  Norway

## Broadcasts

[edit]

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants". Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers.[25]

Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries  Country  | Broadcaster  | Channel(s)  | Commentator(s)  | Ref.

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Austria  | ORF | FS1 | Ernst Grissemann | [26][27]
Belgium  | RTBF | RTBF1 | Pierre Collard-Bovy  | [28]
BRT | TV1 | Luc Appermont | [29]
BRT 2 |  | [30]
Denmark  | DR | DR TV, DR P2 | Jørgen de Mylius | [31]
Finland  | YLE | TV1, 2-verkko [fi] | Erkki Pohjanheimo | [32][33]
France  | Antenne 2 | Lionel Cassan [fr] | [34][35]
Germany  | ARD | Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen | Nicole and Claus-Erich Boetzkes | [26][36]
Greece  | ERT | ET1 |  | [37]
Iceland  | RÚV | Sjónvarpið, Rás 1 | Hermann Gunnarsson | [38]
Ireland  | RTÉ | RTÉ 1 | Mike Murphy | [39][40]
RTÉ FM3 | Larry Gogan | [41]
Israel  | IBA | Israeli Television, Reshet Gimel [he] |  | [42]
Italy  | RAI | Rai Tre | Daniele Piombi | [43]
Luxembourg  | CLT | RTL Télévision |  | [44]
RTL plus |  | [30]
Netherlands  | NOS | Nederland 3 | Willem van Beusekom | [30][45]
Norway  | NRK | NRK Fjernsynet, NRK P2 | John Andreassen | [46][47]
Portugal  | RTP | RTP1 |  | [48]
Spain  | TVE | TVE 2 | Beatriz Pécker [es] | [49]
Sweden  | SVT | TV2 | Bengt Grafström | [50]
RR [sv] | SR P3 | Kalle Oldby  | [51]
Switzerland  | SRG SSR | SRG Sportkette [de] | Bernard Thurnheer [de] | [26]
SSR Chaîne sportive | Serge Moisson [fr] | [52]
TSI Canale sportivo |  | [53]
Turkey  | TRT | TV1 |  | [54]
United Kingdom  | BBC | BBC1 | Terry Wogan | [21][55][56]
BBC Radio 2 | Ken Bruce
Yugoslavia  | JRT | TV Beograd 1, TV Novi Sad, TV Zagreb 1 | Oliver Mlakar | [57][58][59][60]
TV Ljubljana 1 [sl] |  | [61]
Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries  Country  | Broadcaster  | Channel(s)  | Commentator(s)  | Ref.

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Australia  | SBS | SBS TV[e] |  | [62]
Canada  | CBC | Radio-Canada[f] | Céline Dion and René Angélil | [63][64]
Cyprus  | CyBC | RIK, A Programma |  | [65][66]
Czechoslovakia  | ČST | ČST2[g] |  | [67]
Estonian SSR  | ETV[h] |  | [68]
Faroe Islands  | SvF |  | [70]
Greenland  | KNR | KNR[i] |  | [71]
Hungary  | MTV | MTV2 |  | [72]
Jordan  | JRTV | JTV2  |  | [73]
Poland  | TP | TP1[j] |  | [74]
Soviet Union  | CT USSR | Programme One[h] |  | [69]

## Notes and references

[edit]

### Notes

[edit]

1. ^ On behalf of the German public broadcasting consortium ARD[15]
2. ^ a b Credited on screen as "Silver Wings"
3. ^ Yugoslavia, as being the last jury to announce its votes, had caused the same situation to happen when after their voting UK lost to Spain by 1 point in the 1968 contest
4. ^ Confirmed by host Pat Kenny during the broadcast.[19]
5. ^ Deferred broadcast the following day at 19:30 (AEST)[62]
6. ^ Delayed broadcast in a shortened format on 30 May 1988 at 19:00 (EDT)[63]
7. ^ Delayed broadcast in a shortened format on 29 May 1988 at 17:35 (CEST)[67]
8. ^ a b Delayed broadcast on 28 May 1988 at 22:10 (MSD)[68][69]
9. ^ Delayed broadcast on 2 May 1988 at 20:45 (WGST)[71]
10. ^ Delayed broadcast on 14 May 1988 at 20:00 (CEST)[74]

### References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Roxburgh 2016, pp. 336–338.
2. ^ a b "Το σκάνδαλο Γιουροβίζιον – Ποιος παραβίασε τους κανονισμούς;" [Opinion: The Eurovision scandal – Who broke the rules?]. Haravgi (in Greek). Nicosia, Cyprus. 15 March 1988. p. 4. Retrieved 31 October 2024 - via Cyprus Press and Information Office [el].HaravgiCategory:Articles+containing+Greek-language+text&rft.atitle=Το+σκάνδαλο+Γιουροβίζιον+–+Ποιος+παραβίασε+τους+κανονισμούς;&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1988-03-15&rft_id=https://pressarchive.cy/s/en/item/913060&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Eurovision+Song+Contest+1988" class="Z3988">
3. ^ "Ξεκαθαρίζει σήμερα το θέμα με Γιουροβίζιον" [Clarifies the issue with Eurovision today]. Mesimvrini (in Greek). Nicosia, Cyprus. 28 February 1988. p. 2. Retrieved 31 October 2024 - via Cyprus Press and Information Office [el].
4. ^ "Η Κύπρος δεν μετέχει στη 'Γιουροβίζιον'" [Cyprus does not participate in Eurovision]. Haravgi (in Greek). Nicosia, Cyprus. 13 March 1988. p. 16. Retrieved 31 October 2024 - via Cyprus Press and Information Office [el].
5. ^ "Third time lucky for Tommy Körberg?". EuroVisionary. 6 August 2012. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
6. ^ Christensen, Kasper (19 February 2011). "Da Kirsten Siggaard næsten fødte på scenen" [When Kirsten Siggaard almost gave birth on stage] (in Danish). DR. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
7. ^ "Eurovision resmi hesabından Özkan Uğur paylaşımı" [Özkan Uğur shared from the official Eurovision account]. BirGün (in Turkish). 11 July 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
8. ^ Callixto, João Carlos. "Dora" (in Portuguese). Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP). Retrieved 31 October 2024.
9. ^ "1976: חלקנו יחד את המתח" [1976: We shared the tension together]. Israel Hayom (in Hebrew). 23 April 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
10. ^ "Boulevard" (in Spanish). Eurovision Spain. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
11. ^ "Milk and Honey" (in Spanish). Eurovision Spain. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
12. ^ a b Roxburgh 2016, pp. 339–347.
13. ^ "Participants of Dublin 1988". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
14. ^ "1988 – 33rd edition". diggiloo.net. Archived from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
15. ^ "Alle deutschen ESC-Acts und ihre Titel" [All German ESC acts and their songs]. www.eurovision.de (in German). ARD. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
16. ^ a b "Eurovision Song Contest 1998". European Broadcasting Union official website – History by year section. Archived from the original on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
17. ^ "Final of Dublin 1988". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
18. ^ "Fór út með vinningsglampann í sólgleraugunum" [Went out with the winning glare in the sunglasses]. Morgunblaðið (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland. 3 May 1988. pp. 66–67. Retrieved 15 January 2023 - via Timarit.is.
19. ^ Eurovision Song Contest: Dublin 1988 (Television programme) (in English and French). Dublin, Ireland: Radio Téléfis Éireann. 30 April 1988.
20. ^ Thorsson & Verhage 2006, pp. 200–201.
21. ^ a b Roxburgh 2016.
22. ^ "Vas zanima, kakšno vlogo igra Miša Molk na letošnji Emi?" [Are you interested in what role Miša Molk plays at this year's EMA?]. Elle Slovenija. 24 February 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2023.Slovenija&rft.date=2018-02-24&rft_id=https://elle.metropolitan.si/lifestyle/dolg-jezik/vas-zanima-kaksno-vlogo-igra-misa-molk-na-letosnji-emi/&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Eurovision+Song+Contest+1988" class="Z3988">
23. ^ "Results of the Final of Dublin 1988". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
24. ^ "Eurovision Song Contest 1988 – Scoreboard". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
25. ^ "The Rules of the Contest". European Broadcasting Union. 31 October 2018. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
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### Bibliography

[edit]

* O'Connor, John Kennedy (2010). The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History (2nd ed.). London, United Kingdom: Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-84732-521-1.
* Roxburgh, Gordon (2016). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Three: The 1980s. Prestatyn, United Kingdom: Telos Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84583-163-9.
* Thorsson, Leif; Verhage, Martin (2006). Melodifestivalen genom tiderna : de svenska uttagningarna och internationella finalerna [Melodifestivalen through the ages: the Swedish selections and international finals] (in Swedish). Stockholm, Sweden: Premium Publishing. ISBN 91-89136-29-2.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eurovision Song Contest 1988.

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* Official website

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Eurovision Song Contest 1988

Countries|

| Final|

* Austria
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* Denmark
* Finland
* France
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* Greece
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Israel
* Italy
* Luxembourg
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Portugal
* Spain
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|

Withdrawn|

* Cyprus

Artists|

| Final|

* Yardena Arazi
* Luca Barbarossa
* Beathoven
* Boulevard
* La Década
* Céline Dion
* Dora
* Lara Fabian
* Scott Fitzgerald
* Afroditi Frida
* Maxi and Chris Garden
* Hot Eyes
* Gerard Joling
* Jump the Gun
* Tommy Körberg
* Karoline Krüger
* Gérard Lenorman
* MFÖ
* Reynaert
* Srebrna krila
* Wilfried

|

Withdrawn|

* Yiannis Dimitrou

Songs|

| Final|

* "Ben Adam"
* "Chanteur de charme"
* "La chica que yo quiero (Made in Spain)"
* "Clown"
* "Croire"
* "For vår jord"
* "Go"
* "Ka' du se hva' jeg sa'?"
* "Laissez briller le soleil"
* "Lied für einen Freund"
* "Lisa Mona Lisa"
* "Mangup"
* "Nauravat silmät muistetaan"
* "Ne partez pas sans moi"
* "Shangri-La"
* "Stad i ljus"
* "Sufi"
* "Take Him Home"
* "Þú og þeir (Sókrates)"
* "Vivo (Ti scrivo)"
* "Voltarei"

|

Withdrawn|

* "Thimame"

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|

Former|

* Armenia
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Other awards|

* Marcel Bezençon Awards
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* Barbara Dex Award (1997–2021)
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Special shows|

| EBU|

* Eurovision Song Contest Previews
* Songs of Europe (1981)
* Kvalifikacija za Millstreet (1993)
* Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest (2005)
* Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits (2015)
* EurovisionAgain (2020–2021)
* Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light (2020)

|

National|

* Die Grand Prix Hitliste (2006)
* Het Grote Songfestivalfeest (2019, 2022–)
* Der kleine Song Contest (2020)
* ESC 2020 – das deutsche Finale (2020)
* Eurovision: Come Together (2020)
* Sveriges 12:a (2020)

* Category

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