Georges Braque

French painter and sculptor (1882–1963)

Georges Braque

Braque, 1908, photograph published in Burgess, "The Wild Men of Paris", Architectural Record, May 1910

Born| (1882-05-13)13 May 1882

Argenteuil, Val-d'Oise, France

Died| 31 August 1963(1963-08-31) (aged 81)

Paris, France

Resting place| L'église Saint-Valery, Varengeville-sur-mer, Normandy
Known for| Painting, drawing, sculpture, printmaking
Movement| Cubism, Fauvism
Patron(s)| Fernand Mourlot

Georges Braque (/brɑːk, bræk/ BRA(H)K; French: [ʒɔʁʒ bʁak]; 13 May 1882 - 31 August 1963) was a major 20th-century French painter, collagist, draughtsman, printmaker and sculptor. His most notable contributions were in his alliance with Fauvism from 1905, and the role he played in the development of Cubism. Braque's work between 1908 and 1912 is closely associated with that of his colleague Pablo Picasso. Their respective Cubist works were indistinguishable for many years, yet the quiet nature of Braque was partially eclipsed by the fame and notoriety of Picasso.[1]

## Early life

[edit]

Georges Braque was born on 13 May 1882 in Argenteuil, Val-d'Oise. He grew up in Le Havre and trained to be a house painter and decorator like his father and grandfather. However, he also studied artistic painting during evenings at the École supérieure d'art et design Le Havre-Rouen, previously known as the École supérieure des Arts in Le Havre, from about 1897 to 1899. In Paris, he apprenticed with a decorator and was awarded his certificate in 1902. The next year, he attended the Académie Humbert, also in Paris, and painted there until 1904. It was here that he met Marie Laurencin and Francis Picabia.[1]

## Fauvism

[edit]

Georges Braque, 1906, L'Olivier près de l'Estaque (The Olive tree near l'Estaque). At least four versions of this scene were painted by Braque, one of which was stolen from the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris in May, 2010.[2] Georges Braque, 1907–08, The Viaduct at L'Estaque (Le Viaduc de l'Estaque), oil on canvas, 65.1 x 80.6 cm, Minneapolis Institute of Arts Georges Braque, 1908, Maisons et arbre (Houses at l'Estaque), oil on canvas, 40.5 x 32.5 cm, Lille Métropole Museum of Modern, Contemporary and Outsider Art Georges Braque, 1908, Le Viaduc de L'Estaque (Viaduct at L'Estaque), oil on canvas, 73 x 60 cm, Tel Aviv Museum of Art Georges Braque, 1908, Baigneuse (Le Grand Nu, Large Nude), oil on canvas, 140 × 100 cm, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre Pompidou, Paris

Braque's earliest works were impressionistic, but after seeing the work exhibited by the artistic group known as the "Fauves" (Beasts) in 1905, he adopted a Fauvist style. The Fauves, a group that included Henri Matisse and André Derain among others, used brilliant colors to represent emotional response. Braque worked most closely with the artists Raoul Dufy and Othon Friesz, who shared Braque's hometown of Le Havre, to develop a somewhat more subdued Fauvist style. In 1906, Braque traveled with Friesz to L'Estaque, to Antwerp, and home to Le Havre to paint.[1]

In May 1907, he successfully exhibited works of the Fauve style in the Salon des Indépendants. The same year, Braque's style began a slow evolution as he became influenced by Paul Cézanne who had died in 1906 and whose works were exhibited in Paris for the first time in a large-scale, museum-like retrospective in September 1907. The 1907 Cézanne retrospective at the Salon d'Automne greatly affected the avant-garde artists of Paris, resulting in the advent of Cubism.

## Cubism

[edit]

Georges Braque, late 1909, Still Life with Metronome (Still Life with Mandola and Metronome), oil on canvas, 81 x 54.1 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art. Gift from the Leonard A. Lauder Cubist Collection Georges Braque, 1909–10, La guitare (Mandora, La Mandore), oil on canvas, 71.1 x 55.9 cm, Tate Modern, London Georges Braque, 1910, Violin and Candlestick, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art

Braque's paintings of 1908–1912 reflected his new interest in geometry and simultaneous perspective. He conducted an intense study of the effects of light and perspective and the technical means that painters use to represent these effects, seeming to question the most standard of artistic conventions. In his village scenes, for example, Braque frequently reduced an architectural structure to a geometric form approximating a cube, yet rendered its shading so that it looked both flat and three-dimensional by fragmenting the image. He showed this in the painting Houses at l'Estaque.

Beginning in 1909, Braque began to work closely with Pablo Picasso who had been developing a similar proto-Cubist style of painting. At the time, Pablo Picasso was influenced by Gauguin, Cézanne, African masks and Iberian sculpture while Braque was interested mainly in developing Cézanne's ideas of multiple perspectives. "A comparison of the works of Picasso and Braque during 1908 reveals that the effect of his encounter with Picasso was more to accelerate and intensify Braque’s exploration of Cézanne’s ideas, rather than to divert his thinking in any essential way."[3] Braque's essential subject is the ordinary objects he has known practically forever. Picasso celebrates animation, while Braque celebrates contemplation.[4] Thus, the invention of Cubism was a joint effort between Picasso and Braque, then residents of Montmartre, Paris. These artists were the style's main innovators. After meeting in October or November 1907,[5] Braque and Picasso, in particular, began working on the development of Cubism in 1908. Both artists produced paintings of monochromatic color and complex patterns of faceted form, now termed Analytic Cubism.

A decisive time of its development occurred during the summer of 1911,[6] when Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso painted side by side in Céret in the French Pyrenees, each artist producing paintings that are difficult—sometimes virtually impossible—to distinguish from those of the other. In 1912, they began to experiment with collage and Braque invented the papier collé technique.[7]

On 14 November 1908, the French art critic Louis Vauxcelles, in his review of Georges Braque's exhibition at Kahnweiler's gallery called Braque a daring man who despises form, "reducing everything, places and a figures and houses, to geometric schemas, to cubes".[8]

Vauxcelles, on 25 March 1909, used the terms "bizarreries cubiques" (cubic oddities) after seeing a painting by Braque at the Salon des Indépendants.[9]

The term 'Cubism', first pronounced in 1911 with reference to artists exhibiting at the Salon des Indépendants, quickly gained wide use but Picasso and Braque did not adopt it initially. Art historian Ernst Gombrich described Cubism as "the most radical attempt to stamp out ambiguity and to enforce one reading of the picture—that of a man-made construction, a colored canvas."[10] The Cubist style spread quickly throughout Paris and then Europe.

The two artists' productive collaboration continued and they worked closely together until the beginning of World War I in 1914, when Braque enlisted with the French Army. In May 1915, Braque received a severe head injury in battle at Carency and suffered temporary blindness.[11] He was trepanned, and required a long period of recuperation.

> The things that Picasso and I said to one another during those years will never be said again, and even if they were, no one would understand them anymore. It was like being roped together on a mountain.

> — Georges Braque [12][13]

## Later work

[edit]

Braque resumed painting in late 1916. Working alone, he began to moderate the harsh abstraction of cubism. He developed a more personal style characterized by brilliant color, textured surfaces, and—after his relocation to the Normandy seacoast—the reappearance of the human figure. He painted many still life subjects during this time, maintaining his emphasis on structure. One example of this is his 1943 work Blue Guitar, which hangs in the Allen Memorial Art Museum.[14] During his recovery he became a close friend of the cubist artist Juan Gris.

He continued to work during the remainder of his life, producing a considerable number of paintings, graphics, and sculptures. Braque, along with Matisse, is credited for introducing Pablo Picasso to Fernand Mourlot, and most of the lithographs and book illustrations he himself created during the 1940s and '50s were produced at the Mourlot Studios. In 1952–53 he also produced The Birds, a ceiling painting for a room in the Louvre. In 1962 Braque worked with master printmaker Aldo Crommelynck to create his series of etchings and aquatints titled L’Ordre des Oiseaux (The Order of Birds),[15] which was accompanied by the poet Saint-John Perse's text.[16]

Braque died on 31 August 1963 in Paris. He is buried in the cemetery of the Church of St. Valery in Varengeville-sur-Mer, Normandy whose windows he designed. Braque's work is in most major museums throughout the world.

## Style

[edit]

Braque believed that an artist experienced beauty "… in terms of volume, of line, of mass, of weight, and through that beauty [he] interpret[s] [his] subjective impression..."[17] He described "objects shattered into fragments... [as] a way of getting closest to the object...Fragmentation helped me to establish space and movement in space".[18] He adopted a monochromatic and neutral color palette in the belief that such a palette would emphasize the subject matter.

Although Braque began his career painting landscapes, during 1908 he, alongside Picasso, discovered the advantages of painting still lifes instead. Braque explained that he "... began to concentrate on still lifes, because in the still-life you have a tactile, I might almost say a manual space... This answered to the hankering I have always had to touch things and not merely see them... In tactile space you measure the distance separating you from the object, whereas in visual space you measure the distance separating things from each other. This is what led me, long ago, from landscape to still-life"[19] A still life was also more accessible, in relation to perspective, than landscape, and permitted the artist to see the multiple perspectives of the object. Braque's early interest in still lifes revived during the 1930s.

During the period between the wars, Braque exhibited a freer, more relaxed style of Cubism, intensifying his color use and a looser rendering of objects. However, he still remained committed to the cubist method of simultaneous perspective and fragmentation. In contrast to Picasso, who continuously reinvented his style of painting, producing both representational and cubist images, and incorporating surrealist ideas into his work, Braque continued in the Cubist style, producing luminous, other-worldly still life and figure compositions. By the time of his death in 1963, he was regarded as one of the elder statesmen of the School of Paris, and of modern art.

## 2010 theft

[edit]

On 20 May 2010, the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris reported the overnight theft of five paintings from its collection. The paintings taken were Le pigeon aux petits pois (The Pigeon with the Peas) by Pablo Picasso, La Pastorale by Henri Matisse, L'Olivier Près de l'Estaque (Olive Tree near Estaque) by Georges Braque, La Femme à l'Éventail [fr] (Woman with a Fan) by Amedeo Modigliani and Nature Morte aux Chandeliers (Still Life with Chandeliers) by Fernand Léger and were valued at €100 million ( $123 million USD).[20][21] A window had been smashed and CCTV footage showed a masked man taking the paintings.[20] Authorities believe the thief acted alone.[22] The man carefully removed the paintings from their frames, which he left behind.[23]

## Gallery

[edit]

* Georges Braque, 1908, Plate and Fruit Dish, oil on canvas, 46 × 55 cm, private collection

* Georges Braque, 1908, Cinq bananes et deux poires (Five Bananas and Two Pears), oil on canvas, 24 × 33 cm, Musée National d'Art Moderne

* Georges Braque, 1908, Maisons à l'Estaque (Houses at l'Estaque), oil on canvas, 73 × 59.5 cm, Kunstmuseum Bern

* Georges Braque, 1908–09, Fruit Dish, oil on canvas, 54 × 65 cm, Moderna Museet, Stockholm

* Georges Braque, 1909, Port en Normandie (Little Harbor in Normandy), 81.1 × 80.5 cm, The Art Institute of Chicago

* Georges Braque, 1909, La Roche-Guyon, le château (The Castle at Roche-Guyon), oil on canvas, 80 × 59.5 cm, Moderna Museet, Stockholm

* Georges Braque, 1909 (September), Violin and Palette (Violon et palette, Dans l'atelier), oil on canvas, 91.7 × 42.8 cm, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

* Georges Braque, 1909–10, Pitcher and Violin, oil on canvas, 116.8 × 73.2 cm, Kunstmuseum Basel

* Georges Braque, 1910, Femme tenant une Mandoline, 92 × 73 cm, Bavarian State Painting Collections

* Georges Braque, 1910, Portrait of a Woman, Female Figure (Torso Ženy), oil on canvas, 91 × 61 cm, private collection

* Georges Braque, 1911, Nature morte (Still Life), Reproduced in Du "Cubisme", by Albert Gleizes and Jean Metzinger, 1912

* Georges Braque, 1911, Nature Morte (The Pedestal Table), oil on canvas, 116.5 × 81.5 cm, Georges Pompidou Center, Paris

* Georges Braque, 1911–12, Girl with a Cross, oil on canvas, 55 × 43 cm, Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, Texas

* Georges Braque, 1911–12, Man with a Guitar (Figure, L'homme à la guitare), oil on canvas, 116.2 × 80.9 cm (45.75 × 31.9 in), Museum of Modern Art, New York

* Georges Braque, 1912, Violin: "Mozart Kubelick", oil on canvas, 45.7 × 61 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art

* Georges Braque, 1913, Nature morte (Fruit Dish, Ace of Clubs), oil, gouache and charcoal on canvas, 81 × 60 cm (31.8 × 23.6 in), Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris

* Georges Braque, 1913, Femme à la guitare (Woman with Guitar), oil and charcoal on canvas, 130 × 73 cm, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre Pompidou, Paris

* Georges Braque, 1913–14, Still Life on a Table (Duo pour Flute), oil on canvas, 45.7 × 55.2 cm, Lauder Cubist Collection, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

* Georges Braque, 1914, Violon et verre (Violin and Glass), oil, charcoal and pasted paper on canvas, oval, 116 × 81 cm, Kunstmuseum Basel

* Georges Braque, 1914, Man With a Guitar, oil on canvas, 130 × 73 cm, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris

* Georges Braque, 1918, Rhum et guitare (Rum and Guitar), oil on canvas, 60 × 73 cm, Colección Abelló, Madrid

* Georges Braque, 1927, Still Life with Grapes and Clarinet, oil on canvas, The Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C.

## See also

[edit]

* Art portal

* Crystal Cubism

## References and sources

[edit]

References

1. ^ a b c "Georges Braque | MoMA". The Museum of Modern Art.
2. ^ "Interpol issues global alert for stolen art - CNN.com". www.cnn.com.
3. ^ Fry 1966, p. 71.
4. ^ Perl, Jed (2011-10-26). "Relevance of Irrelevance". The New Republic. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
5. ^ Picasso, P., Rubin, W. S., & Fluegel, J. (1980). Pablo Picasso, a retrospective. New York: Museum of Modern Art. ISBN 0-87070-528-8 p. 99,
6. ^ "Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum". Archived from the original on February 10, 2013.
7. ^ Cooper, Philip. Cubism. London: Phaidon, 1995, p. 14. ISBN 0714832502
8. ^ "Gil Blas / dir. A. Dumont". Gallica. November 14, 1908.
9. ^ Louis Vauxcelles, Le Salon des Indépendants, Gil Blas, 25 March 1909, Gallica (BnF)
10. ^ Ernst Gombrich (1960) Art and Illusion, as quoted in Marshall McLuhan (1964) Understanding Media, p.12 "McLuhan: Understanding Media". Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
11. ^ Oxford Art Online, "Georges Braque"
12. ^ Berger, John. 1972. The Look of Things: Selected Essays and Articles. Penguin Books, Ltd. ISBN 0-14-021316-3
13. ^ Huffington, Arianna S. 1988. Picasso: Creator and Destroyer. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7861-0642-4 p. 93
14. ^ "Allen Memorial Art Museum" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-05-27.
15. ^ Grimes, William (January 29, 2009). "Aldo Crommelynck, Master Printer for Prominent Artists, Is Dead at 77". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-05-27.
16. ^ Mellby, Julie L. (November 30, 2011). "L'ordre des oiseaux". Highlights from the Graphic Arts Collection, Princeton University Library. Retrieved 2012-05-27.
17. ^ Mullins 1968, p. 34.
18. ^ Mullins 1968, p. 55.
19. ^ Mullins 1968, p. 41.
20. ^ a b Hewage, Tim (20 May 2010). "Thief Steals Paintings In Paris Art Heist". Sky News. Archived from the original on 26 August 2010. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
21. ^ Jones, Sam (20 May 2010). "Picasso and Matisse masterpieces stolen from Paris museum". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
22. ^ "Matisse, Picasso and other masterpieces stolen from Paris museum". France 24. 20 May 2010. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
23. ^ Bremner, Charles (20 May 2010). "Masked thief steals masterpieces worth €500 million from Paris museum". The Times. Retrieved 20 May 2010.

Sources

* Clement, Russell T. (1994). Georges Braque: A Bio-bibliography. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-29235-4
* Orozco, Miguel (2018) "The Complete Prints of Georges Braque. Catalogue raisonné". Academia.edu
* Fry, Edward F. (1966). "Cubism 1907-1908: An Early Eyewitness Account". Art Bulletin 48: 71-73.
* Mullins, Edwin (1968). The Art of Georges Braque. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
* Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
* Picasso, P., Rubin, W. S., & Fluegel, J. (1980). Pablo Picasso, a retrospective. New York: Museum of Modern Art. ISBN 0-87070-528-8

## External links

[edit]

Wikiquote has quotations related to Georges Braque.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Georges Braque.

* Georges Braque at the Museum of Modern Art
* Artcyclopedia \- Links to Braque's works and information
* Georges Braque works at insecula.com
* Site du ministère de la culture et de la communication
* Georges Braque in American public collections, on the French Sculpture Census website
* Georges Braque, L'Esprit nouveau: revue internationale d'esthétique, 1920. Gallica, Bibliothèque nationale de France

* v
* t
* e

Georges Braque

Paintings|

* Seascape. L'Estaque (1906)
* The Viaduct at L'Estaque (1907)
* Houses at l'Estaque (1908)
* Fruit Dish (1908–09)
* Fishing Boats (1909)
* Mandora (1909–10)
* Pitcher and Violin (1909–10)
* Woman with a Mandolin (1910)
* Still Life (1911)
* Concert (1937)
* The Birds (1952–1953)

Papier collé|

* Fruit Dish and Glass (1912)

Related|

* Cubism

* v
* t
* e

Fauvism

Leaders|

* Henri Matisse
* André Derain

Others|

* Georges Braque
* Charles Camoin
* Kees van Dongen
* Raoul Dufy
* Othon Friesz
* Henri Manguin
* Albert Marquet
* Jean Metzinger
* Jean Puy
* Georges Rouault
* Louis Valtat
* Maurice de Vlaminck

Paintings|

* Luxe, Calme et Volupté
* Le bonheur de vivre
* The Open Window
* Landscape at Collioure
* Les toits de Collioure
* Blue Nude (Souvenir de Biskra)
* The Green Stripe
* Paysage coloré aux oiseaux aquatiques
* Woman with a Hat

Influences|

* Paul Cézanne
* Paul Gauguin
* Vincent van Gogh
* Gustave Moreau (teacher)
* Georges Seurat
* Paul Signac
* Neo-Impressionism
* Pointillism
* Salon d'Automne 1905 exhibit

Influenced|

* Die Brücke
* Neo-Fauvism

Related|

* Louis Vauxcelles (critic)

* v
* t
* e

Cubism

Leaders|

* Pablo Picasso
* Georges Braque
* Jean Metzinger
* Albert Gleizes
* Robert Delaunay
* Juan Gris
* Fernand Léger
* Marcel Duchamp
* Henri Le Fauconnier

Section d'Or|

* Alexander Archipenko
* María Blanchard
* Constantin Brâncuși
* Joseph Csaky
* Robert Delaunay
* Sonia Delaunay
* Marcel Duchamp
* Pierre Dumont
* Raymond Duchamp-Villon
* Alexandra Exter
* Henri Le Fauconnier
* Roger de La Fresnaye
* Albert Gleizes
* Natalia Goncharova
* Henri Hayden
* Auguste Herbin
* František Kupka
* Jean Lambert-Rucki
* Marie Laurencin
* Henri Laurens
* Fernand Léger
* Jacques Lipchitz
* André Lhote
* Jean Marchand
* Louis Marcoussis
* Jean Metzinger
* Francis Picabia
* Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes
* Jeanne Rij-Rousseau
* Diego Rivera
* Gino Severini
* Léopold Survage
* Tobeen
* Henry Valensi [fr]
* Georges Valmier
* Jacques Villon

Others|

* Giacomo Balla
* Alice Bailly
* Patrick Henry Bruce
* Carlo Carrà
* Paul Klee
* Lyonel Feininger
* El Lissitzky
* Stanton Macdonald-Wright
* August Macke
* Kazimir Malevich
* Franz Marc
* Lyubov Popova
* Diego Rivera
* Morgan Russell
* Alexander Rodchenko
* Nadezhda Udaltsova
* Marie Vassilieff
* Marie Vorobieff

Paintings|

* Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (Picasso)
* Portrait of Ambroise Vollard (Picasso)
* Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (Picasso)
* The Accordionist (Picasso)
* Le pigeon aux petits pois (Picasso)
* La Coiffeuse (Picasso)
* Le goûter (Metzinger)
* La Femme au Cheval (Metzinger)
* Dancer in a café (Metzinger)
* L'Oiseau bleu (Metzinger)
* La Femme aux Phlox (Gleizes)
* Portrait of Jacques Nayral (Gleizes)
* Man on a Balcony (Gleizes)
* Les Baigneuses (Gleizes)
* Les Joueurs de football (Gleizes)
* Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (Duchamp)
* The Cathedral (Katedrála) (Kupka)
* The City (Léger)
* Still Life with Candlestick (Léger)
* Still Life with Checked Tablecloth (Gris)
* Three Musicians (Picasso)

Sculptures|

* Groupe de femmes (Csaky)
* Danseuse (Csaky)
* Head (Csaky)

Influences|

* Paul Cézanne
* Paul Gauguin
* Gustave Courbet
* Georges Seurat
* Paul Signac
* Maurice Princet
* Esprit Jouffret
* Neo-impressionism
* Pointillism
* Divisionism
* Symbolism (arts)
* Fauvism
* Proto-Cubism
* Chronophotography

Influenced|

* Section d'Or
* Cubo-Futurism
* Cubist sculpture
* Czech Cubism
* Rondocubism
* Die Brücke
* Orphism (art)
* Abstract art
* Synchromism
* Tubism
* Futurism
* Crystal Cubism
* Purism
* Suprematism
* Dada
* Constructivism
* De Stijl
* Art Deco
* Russian Futurism
* Ego-Futurism
* Vorticism

Related|

* Du "Cubisme" (1912 book)
* The Cubist Painters, Aesthetic Meditations (1913 book)
* La Maison Cubiste

Related|

* Louis Vauxcelles (critic)
* Guillaume Apollinaire (poet, critic)
* André Salmon (critic)
* Max Jacob (poet)
* Maurice Raynal (poet, critic)
* Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (art dealer)
* Léonce Rosenberg (art dealer)
* Paul Rosenberg (art dealer)
* Daniel Robbins (art historian)
* Gertrude Stein (art collector)
* Berthe Weill (art dealer)
* Wilhelm Uhde (art collector)
* John Quinn (collector)
* Leonard Lauder (art collector)
* Douglas Cooper (art historian)
* Arthur Jerome Eddy (art collector)
* Pierre Reverdy (poet)
* Blaise Cendrars (poet)
* Armory Show
* Fourth dimension in art

* v
* t
* e

Post-Impressionism

19th-century
movements|

* Neo-Impressionism
* Divisionism
* Pointillism
* Cloisonnism
* Les Nabis
* Synthetism
* Symbolism
* Art Nouveau

Artists|

* Cuno Amiet
* Charles Angrand
* Émile Bernard
* Edvard Munch
* Pierre Bonnard
* Marius Borgeaud
* Paul Cézanne
* Henri-Edmond Cross
* Maurice Denis
* Georges Dufrénoy
* Paul Gauguin
* Hippolyte Petitjean
* Paul Ranson
* Odilon Redon
* Henri Rousseau
* René Schützenberger
* Paul Sérusier
* Georges Seurat
* Paul Signac
* Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
* Charles Laval
* Georges Lemmen
* Maximilien Luce
* Vincent van Gogh
* Théo van Rysselberghe
* Félix Vallotton
* Édouard Vuillard

20th-century
movements|

* Fauvism
* Die Brücke
* Der Blaue Reiter
* Expressionism
* Cubism

Artists|

* Georges Braque
* Charles Camoin
* André Derain
* Raoul Dufy
* Henri Matisse
* Albert Gleizes
* Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
* Karl Schmidt-Rottluff
* Wassily Kandinsky
* Sonia Lewitska
* Franz Marc
* Jean Metzinger
* Henry Ottmann
* Francis Picabia
* Pablo Picasso
* Robert Antoine Pinchon
* Henriette Tirman
* Jean Marchand
* Othon Friesz

Exhibitions|

* Artistes Indépendants
* Les XX
* Volpini Exhibition
* Le Barc de Boutteville
* La Libre Esthétique
* Ambroise Vollard
* Salon d'Automne
* Salon des Indépendants
* Salon des Cent
* Salon des Tuileries

Critics|

* Félix Fénéon
* Albert Aurier

Related|

* Impressionism
* Modernism
* Modern art
* Secessionism

* v
* t
* e

Modernism

Movements|

* Acmeism
* Art Deco
* Art Nouveau
* Ashcan School
* Constructivism
* Cubism
* Dada
* Expressionism
* Der Blaue Reiter
* Die Brücke
* Music
* Fauvism
* Functionalism
* Bauhaus
* Futurism
* Imagism
* Lettrism
* Neoplasticism
* De Stijl
* Orphism
* Surrealism
* Symbolism
* Synchromism
* Tonalism

Literary arts|

| Literature|

* Apollinaire
* Barnes
* Beckett
* Bely
* Breton
* Broch
* Bulgakov
* Chekhov
* Conrad
* Döblin
* Forster
* Faulkner
* Flaubert
* Ford
* Gide
* Hamsun
* Hašek
* Hemingway
* Hesse
* Joyce
* Kafka
* Koestler
* Lawrence
* Mann
* Mansfield
* Marinetti
* Musil
* Dos Passos
* Platonov
* Porter
* Proust
* Stein
* Svevo
* Unamuno
* Woolf

|

Poetry|

* Akhmatova
* Aldington
* Auden
* Cavafy
* Cendrars
* Crane
* H.D.
* Desnos
* Eliot
* Éluard
* Elytis
* George
* Jacob
* Lorca
* Lowell (Amy)
* Lowell (Robert)
* Mallarmé
* Moore
* Owen
* Pessoa
* Pound
* Rilke
* Seferis
* Stevens
* Thomas
* Tzara
* Valéry
* Williams
* Yeats

Works|

* In Search of Lost Time (1913–1927)
* The Metamorphosis (1915)
* Ulysses (1922)
* The Waste Land (1922)
* The Magic Mountain (1924)
* Mrs Dalloway (1925)
* The Sun Also Rises (1926)
* The Master and Margarita (1928–1940)
* The Sound and the Fury (1929)

Visual arts|

| Painting|

* Albers
* Arp
* Balthus
* Bellows
* Boccioni
* Bonnard
* Brâncuși
* Braque
* Calder
* Cassatt
* Cézanne
* Chagall
* Chirico
* Claudel
* Dalí
* Degas
* Kooning
* Delaunay
* Delaunay
* Demuth
* Dix
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* Duchamp
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* Ensor
* Ernst
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* Giacometti
* van Gogh
* Goncharova
* Gris
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* Klee
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* Soutine
* Steichen
* Stieglitz
* Toulouse-Lautrec
* Vuillard
* Wood

|

Film|

* Akerman
* Aldrich
* Antonioni
* Avery
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* Bresson
* Buñuel
* Carné
* Cassavetes
* Chaplin
* Clair
* Cocteau
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* Fuller
* Gance
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* Ozu
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* Ray (Nicholas)
* Ray (Satyajit)
* Resnais
* Renoir
* Richardson
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* Sternberg
* Tarkovsky
* Tati
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* Wiene
* Wood

Architecture|

* Breuer
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* Guimard
* Horta
* Hundertwasser
* Johnson
* Kahn
* Le Corbusier
* Loos
* Melnikov
* Mendelsohn
* Nervi
* Neutra
* Niemeyer
* Rietveld
* Saarinen
* Steiner
* Sullivan
* Tatlin
* Mies
* Wright

Works|

* A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1886)
* Mont Sainte-Victoir (1887)
* The Starry Night (1889)
* Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907)
* The Dance (1909–1910)
* Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (1912)
* Black Square (1915)
* The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920)
* Ballet Mécanique (1923)
* Battleship Potemkin (1925)
* Metropolis (1927)
* Un Chien Andalou (1929)
* Villa Savoye (1931)
* Fallingwater (1936)
* Citizen Kane (1941)
* Meshes of the Afternoon (1943)

Performing
arts|

| Music|

* Antheil
* Bartók
* Berg
* Berio
* Boulanger
* Boulez
* Copland
* Debussy
* Dutilleux
* Feldman
* Górecki
* Hindemith
* Honegger
* Ives
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* Ligeti
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* Milhaud
* Nono
* Partch
* Russolo
* Satie
* Schaeffer
* Schoenberg
* Scriabin
* Stockhausen
* Strauss
* Stravinsky
* Szymanowski
* Varèse
* Villa-Lobos
* Webern
* Weill

|

Theatre|

* Anderson
* Anouilh
* Artaud
* Beckett
* Brecht
* Chekhov
* Ibsen
* Jarry
* Kaiser
* Maeterlinck
* Mayakovsky
* O'Casey
* O'Neill
* Osborne
* Pirandello
* Piscator
* Strindberg
* Toller
* Wedekind
* Wilder
* Witkiewicz

Dance|

* Balanchine
* Cunningham
* Diaghilev
* Duncan
* Fokine
* Fuller
* Graham
* Holm
* Laban
* Massine
* Nijinsky
* Shawn
* Sokolow
* St. Denis
* Tamiris
* Wiesenthal
* Wigman

Works|

* Don Juan (1888)
* Ubu Roi (1896)
* Verklärte Nacht (1899)
* Pelléas et Mélisande (1902)
* Salome (1905)
* The Firebird (1910)
* Afternoon of a Faun (1912)
* The Rite of Spring (1913)
* Fountain (1917)
* Six Characters in Search of an Author (1921)
* The Threepenny Opera (1928)
* Waiting for Godot (1953)

Related|

* American modernism
* Armory Show
* Avant-garde
* Ballets Russes
* Bloomsbury Group
* Buddhist modernism
* Classical Hollywood cinema
* Degenerate art
* Ecomodernism
* Experimental film
* Film noir
* Fourth dimension in art
* Fourth dimension in literature
* Grosvenor School of Modern Art
* Hanshinkan Modernism
* High modernism
* Hippie modernism
* Impressionism
* Music
* Literature
* Post-
* Incoherents
* International Style
* Late modernism
* Late modernity
* List of art movements
* List of avant-garde artists
* List of modernist poets
* Maximalism
* Modernity
* Neo-primitivism
* Neo-romanticism
* New Hollywood
* New Objectivity
* Poetic realism
* Pulp noir
* Reactionary modernism
* Metamodernism
* Remodernism
* Second Viennese School
* Structural film
* Underground film
* Vulgar modernism

← Romanticism

Postmodernism →

Category

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

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* France
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Artists|

* Auckland
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* ULAN

People|

* Deutsche Biographie
* Trove

Other|

* SNAC
* Te Papa (New Zealand)

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