IPad

Line of tablet computers by Apple

This article is about the line of tablet computers by Apple Inc. For the first-generation iPad, see iPad (1st generation). For the type of mobile computer, see Tablet computer. For the different types of iPads and other uses, see iPad (disambiguation). For the eye-protector, see Eyepad.

Not to be confused with iPod or iPAQ.

iPad

iPad Pro (5th generation)

Developer| Apple Inc.
Manufacturer|

* Foxconn (on contract)[1][2]
* Pegatron[3][4]

Type| Tablet computer
Release date| April 3, 2010; 12 years ago (April 3, 2010) (1st generation)
Units sold| 500 million as of 2020[update][5]
Operating system| iOS (2010–2019)[6]
iPadOS (2019–present)[6]
Connectivity| WiFi and cellular
Online services|

* iTunes Store
* App Store
* iCloud
* Apple Books
* Podcasts
* Apple Music
* Apple Wallet[7]

Related| iPhone, iPod Touch (comparison)
Website| apple.com/ipad
This article is part of a series on the

iPad

* 1st
* 2
* 3rd
* 4th
* 5th

* 6th
* 7th
* 8th
* 9th
* 10th

* * *

* Air
* 1st
* 2
* 3rd
* 4th
* 5th

* * *

* Mini
* 1st
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5th
* 6th

* * *

* Pro
* 1st
* 2nd
* 3rd
* 4th
* 5th
* 6th

List of iPad models

* v
* t
* e

The iPad is a brand of iOS and iPadOS-based tablet computers that are developed by Apple Inc. The iPad was conceived before the related iPhone but the iPhone was developed and released first. Speculation about the development, operating system, and release of the original iPad began in 2002 prior to its introduction on January 20, 2010. The iPad range consists of the original iPad lineup and the flagship products iPad Mini, iPad Air, and iPad Pro.

The iPhone's iOS operating system (OS) was initially used for the iPad but in September 2019, its OS was switched to a fork of iOS called iPadOS that has better support for the device's hardware and its user interface is customized for the tablets' larger screens. The iPad's App Store is subject to application and content approval. Many older devices are susceptible to jailbreaking, which circumvents these restrictions. The original iPad was well-received for its software and was recognized as one of the most-influential inventions of 2010. As of the third quarter of 2021, iPad had a market share of 34.6%; beside personal use, the iPad is used in the business, education, healthcare, and technology sectors. There are two variants of iPad; one has only Wi-Fi and one has support for cellular networks. Accessories include the Apple Pencil, Smart Case, Smart Keyboard, Smart Keyboard Folio, Magic Keyboard, and several adapters.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Background
* 1.2 iPad
* 1.3 iPad Mini
* 1.4 iPad Air
* 1.5 iPad Pro
* 2 Cellular connectivity
* 3 Accessories
* 4 Software
* 4.1 Operating system support
* 5 Model comparison
* 6 Restrictions
* 6.1 Digital rights management
* 6.2 Jailbreaking
* 6.3 Censorship
* 7 Original reception
* 7.1 Reaction to the announcement
* 7.2 Critical response
* 7.3 Recognition
* 8 Usage
* 8.1 Market share
* 8.2 Business
* 8.3 Education and healthcare
* 8.4 Consumer usage
* 9 Timeline
* 10 See also
* 11 Notes
* 12 References
* 13 External links

## History[edit]

### Background[edit]

The Newton MessagePad, 1993

In 1993, Apple worked on the Newton MessagePad, a tablet-like personal digital assistant (PDA). John Sculley, Apple's chief executive officer, led the development. The MessagePad was poorly received for its indecipherable handwriting recognition feature and was discontinued at the direction of Steve Jobs, who returned to Apple in 1998 after an internal power struggle. Apple also prototyped a PowerBook Duo–based tablet computer but decided not to release it to avoid hurting MessagePad sales.[8][9][10]

In May 2004, Apple filed a design trademark patent in Europe for a handheld computer, hypothetically referencing the iPad, beginning a new round of speculation that led to a 2003 report of Apple-affiliated manufacturer Quanta leaking Apple's orders for wireless displays. In May 2005, Apple filed US Design Patent No. D504,889 that included an illustration depicting a man touching and using a tablet device. In August 2008, Apple filed a 50-page patent application that includes an illustration of hands touching and gesturing on a tablet computer. In September 2009, Taiwan Economic News, citing "industry sources", reported the tablet computer Apple was working on would be announced in February 2010, although the announcement was made in that year's January.[11]

The iPad's concept predates that of the iPhone, although the iPhone was developed and released before the iPad.[12][13] In 1991, Apple's chief design officer Jonathan Ive devised an industrial design of a stylus-based tablet, the Macintosh Folio, which led to the development of a larger tablet prototype project codenamed K48 that Apple began in 2004. Ive sought to develop the tablet first but came to an agreement with Jobs the iPhone was more important and should be prioritized.[14][15][16]

### iPad[edit]

Steve Jobs announcing the first generation of iPad, 2010

The first generation of iPad was announced on January 20, 2010,[17] and pre-ordering began on March 12.[18] A Wi-Fi-capable version was released in the United States on April 3 and a 3G-capable version was released on April 30.[19] Apple released iPad models internationally on May 28, July 23, and September 17. The first Ipad has a 1 GHz Apple A4 central processing unit (CPU) with 256 megabytes (MB) of random access memory (RAM) and a PowerVR SGX535 graphics processing unit (GPU). It has four buttons; a home button that directs the user to its homepage, a wake-and-sleep button, and two volume-control buttons. Its multi-touch-based display has a resolution of 1,024 by 768 pixels.[20]

The second generation of iPad was announced on March 2, 2011, and released on March 11. It is 33% thinner and 15% lighter than its predecessor, and uses a dual-core Apple A5 chip consisting of a twice-as-fast CPU and a nine-times-faster GPU. It has one camera each on the front and the back, both of which support Apple's FaceTime video-telephony service. Apple slimmed the iPad by eliminating the display's stamped-sheet-metal frame, using thinner glass for the screen overlay, and eliminating some space between the display and battery.[21][22][23]

The third generation of iPad was announced on March 7, 2012, and released on March 16.[24] It uses a dual-core Apple A5X chip embedded with quad-core graphics. Its Retina display is 2,048 by 1,536 pixels and its pixels are 50% denser than those of standard displays. Unlike the iPhone and iPod Touch's built-in applications, which work in portrait, landscape-left and landscape-right orientations, the iPad's built-in applications support the upside-down orientation of the device. Consequently, the device has no "native" orientation; only the relative position of the home button changes.[25][26]

The fourth generation of iPad was announced on October 23, 2012, and released on November 2. It has an Apple A6X chip, improved LTE and WiFi connectivity, and adds support for fingerprint recognition biometric authentication system Touch ID. It has a five-megapixel, rear-facing camera that is capable of recording 1080p videos, and a 720p front-facing FaceTime HD camera. Its display is 2,048 by 1,536 pixels.[27][28][29]

The fifth generation of iPad was announced on March 21, 2017, and released on March 24. It uses an Apple A9 chip with an accompanying M9 motion coprocessor, and its cameras can capture low-light and HD-quality shots. Despite using the same Apple A9 and M9 processors as the 2015 iPhone 6S, it lacks support of the always-on "Hey Siri" voice recognition, a feature advertised as being made possible by low-power processing in those chips.[30][31]

The sixth generation of iPad was announced on released on March 27, 2018.[clarification needed] It uses a dual-core Apple A10 Fusion chip and features a front-rear camera, a 1080p and 30fps rear mounted 8-megapixel iSight camera, and a 720p Facetime HD camera. It also had faster FaceTime HD, LTE connectivity, Touch ID, and multitask functionalities.[32]

The seventh generation of iPad was announced on September 10, 2019, and released on September 25. It uses a 64-bit Apple A10 Fusion chip, with a 4-core CPU and 6-core GPU. Its Retina Display has a resolution of 2,160 × 1,620 (3.5 million pixels). It added support for the Smart Keyboard accessory.[33]

The eighth generation of iPad was announced on September 15, 2020, and released on September 18. It uses an Apple A12 Bionic chip, which has a 40 percent faster 6-core CPU and a 2-times faster 4-core GPU than its predecessor. The Apple A12 also included an embedded Neural Engine, and is capable of processing 5 trillion operations per second. Its Retina Display had a resolution of 1668 by 2388 pixels.[34][35]

The ninth generation of iPad was announced and released on September 14, 2021. It uses an Apple A13 Bionic chip, which has a 20% faster CPU and GPU and an embedded, artificial intelligence–immersed Neural Engine.[36] Its 12-megapixel front camera adds support for Apple's "Center Stage Mode" technology, which locates people in the frame and tracks the camera view to keep them centered. Its Retina Display features their True Tone technology, which automatically adjusts the screen color temperature according to the ambient lighting.[37][38]

The 10th-generation iPad was announced on October 18, 2022, with pre-orders starting immediately and availability set for October 26. It uses the Apple A14 Bionic chip, has a larger 10.9-inch screen, and replaces the Lightning connector with USB-C. Unlike all previous models in the iPad range, as well as the sixth-generation iPad Pro announced the same day, this model's front-facing camera is placed along the device's long edge, making it more suitable for video calling applications. Despite having a USB-C connector, it is not compatible with the second-generation Apple Pencil that can be used with all other USB-C iPads, instead using the first-generation Pencil with a USB-C-to-Lightning adapter, which will be included with new Pencil purchases.[39] While lacking the Smart Connector of the Pro and Air lines, it is compatible with a new Magic Keyboard Folio announced alongside the device.[40][41] This model did not immediately replace the 9th-generation iPad; Apple will continue to sell the older model at a lower price.[42]

### iPad Mini[edit]

Main article: iPad Mini

Logo of iPad Mini, 2021

The first generation of the flagship, smaller iPad Mini was announced on October 23, 2012, and released on November 2. It uses a dual-core Apple A5 chip, and has hardware resembling that of the second generation of iPad. It has a FaceTime HD camera, a 5-megapixel iSight camera, an ultrafast wireless LTE range, and a 802.11a/b/g/n standard Wifi connectivity. It targets the emerging sector of mini tablets, such as Kindle Fire and Nexus 7.[28]

The second generation of iPad Mini was announced on October 22, 2013, and released on November 12. Its hardware resembles that of the first generation of iPad Air. (below) [43]

The third generation of iPad Mini was announced on October 16, 2014, and released on October 22. It uses an Apple A7 chip with an embedded M7 motion coprocessor, and its 7.9-inch Retina screen display has a resolution of 2048 by 1536 pixels. It includes a 1080p HD camera, a FaceTime HD camera, and a 5-megapixel iSight camera.[44]

The fourth generation of iPad Mini was announced and released on September 9, 2015. It uses a dual-core Apple A8 chip with an embedded Apple M8 motion coprocessor. Its headphone jack was re-positioned with the removal of a mute switch.[45]

The fifth generation of iPad Mini was announced and released on March 18, 2019. It uses an Apple A12 Bionic chip, with a 3-times faster CPU and a 9-times faster GPU than its predecessor. It features a Truetone-based Retina screen display with 25% wider Color and higher pixel density.[46]

The sixth generation of iPad Mini was announced and released on September 24, 2021. It uses an Apple A15 Bionic chip, with a 40% faster 6-core CPU and 80% faster 5-core GPU. Its 16-core Neural Engine and AI accelerators within the CPU delivers a 2x boost of AI performance. Its 12-megapixel Ultra Wide front camera featured Apple's "Center Stage Mode" technology, while its 12-megapixel back camera had larger apertures, True Tone flash, and Smart HDR automatic shadow and highlight recovery. It includes a USB-C port, capable of transferring up to 5 gigabits per second of data; improved landscape stereo speakers; and a brighter Liquid Retina Display.[47][48][49]

### iPad Air[edit]

Logo of iPad Air, 2020

The first generation of iPad Air was announced on October 22, 2013, and released on November 1. It used an Apple A7 chip with an embedded Apple M7 Motion coprocessor; the chip included over a billion transistors and comprised a 2x faster CPU and GPU. It debuted the 80211n-based MINO technology used in its Wi-Fi connectivity, and it had an extended range of LTE telecommunication. It also came with a Retina Display.[50]

The second generation of iPad Air was announced on October 16, 2014, and released on October 22. It used an Apple A8X chip with a 2.5x faster CPU. Its 8MP iSight Camera had 1.12-micron pixels and a f/2.4 aperture, while its FaceTime Camera had f/2.2 aperture and 81% light capacity. Its display had a revised 56% lower reflective rate. It also had an extended range of LTE telecommunication service.[51]

The third generation of iPad Air was announced on March 18, 2019, and released on March 25. It used an Apple A12 Bionic with an embedded Neural Engine, 6-core CPU and 4-core GPU. Its 866 Mbit/s WiFi connectivity are LTE-based, and it is equipped with a 1080p HD video camera.[52]

The fourth generation of iPad Air was announced on September 15, 2020, and released on October 23. It used an Apple A14 Bionic chip, which comprised 11.9 billion transistors, a 40% faster 6-core CPU, a 30% faster 4-core GPU, and an embedded Neural Engine that can process 11 trillion operations per second. Its 10.9-inch Liquid Retina Screen display has a resolution of 2360 by 1640 pixels (3.8 million pixels). Its front 7-megapixel Facetime Camera is of 1080p and 60 fps, while its 12-megapixel webcam featured 8 aperture, 4K, 60fps, and video stabilization.[53][54]

The fifth generation of iPad Air was announced on March 08, 2022, and released on March 18. It used an Apple M1 chip.

### iPad Pro[edit]

Main article: iPad Pro

Logo of iPad Pro, 2021

The first generation of the high-end and professional flagship iPad Pro was announced on September 9, 2015, and released on November 11, (12.9-inch version) and March 31 (9.7-inch).It used an Apple A9X chip, with a 2x higher memory bandwidth and a 1.8x faster CPU than its predecessor. It audio system consisted of 4 audio ports and its volume were more 3x more efficient than the second generation of iPad Air, and its 12-inch screen display had a resolution of 2732 by 2043 pixels.[55][56]

The second generation of iPad Pro was announced on June 5, 2017, and was released on June 13. It used an Apple A10X chip, with a 6-core CPU and 12-core GPU. It can process 120 Hz HDR quality medias, 2x higher quality than its predecessor. Its ultra-low reflective Retina Display featured a 50% optimized True Tone technology (which automatically adjust the screen accordingly to its ambient color and brightness rates), Wide Color Integration, and up to 500 nit brightness rates. It also had a 12-megapixel rear-facing camera and a 7-megapixel front-facing camera.[57]

The third generation of iPad Pro was announced on October 30, 2018, and released on November 7, and it is the first iPad to support 1 TB of storage. It used a 7 nm Apple A12X Bionic chip, which comprised 11 billion transistors, an 8-core CPU, 7-core GPU and an embedded Neural Engine capable of processing 5 trillion operations per second. Apple replaced the Touch ID fingerprint recognition biometric authentication with its facial counterpart, Face ID.[58]

The fourth generation of iPad Pro was announced and released on March 18, 2020. It used an Apple A12Z chip, with an 8-core CPU and 8-core GPU. Its Gibt-class Wi-Fi connectivity is 60% faster than that of its predecessor. It introduced a 10-megapixel ultra-wide camera, alongside its 12-megapixel wide camera, capable of capturing 4k video. These cameras allow it to capture medias with wider visibility, and its audio system automatically detects and attracts any orientation nearby.[58]

The fifth generation of iPad Pro was April 20, 2021 and released on May 21. It used an innovative desktop-class Apple M1 chip, which comprised a 40% faster 8-core CPU, a 4x faster 8-core GPU, and a 4x higher bandwidth. It featured a ƒ/1.8 aperture 12-megapixel wide-angle pro camera (captures high quality shots) and a ƒ/2.4 aperture 10-megapixel ultrawide camera (captures enhanced Augmented Reality interactive experience). It debuted Apple's "Center Stage mode" technology, which pinpoints the positions of the users and automatically tracks the camera view accordingly to perspectivally centralize them. The 12.9-inch version had a mini LED-based Liquid Retina XDR display, compared to the 11-inch model's lesser IPS LCD-based Liquid Retina display.[59][60]

## Cellular connectivity[edit]

The iPad comes in two variants: Wi-Fi only and Wi-Fi with cellular support. Unlike the iPhone, the cellular variant did not support voice calls and text messages, but only data connectivity; it also had an additional micro-SIM circuit slot attached on the side. The 3G-based iPad is compatible with any GSM carrier, unlike the iPhone which is usually sold locked' to specific carriers.[61] For the first generation of iPad, cellular access from T-Mobile was limited to slower EDGE cellular speeds because T-Mobile's network at the time used different frequencies.[62][63]

The second generation of iPad introduced a third tier of CDMA support from Verizon, which is available separately from the AT&T-based version.[64] The fifth generation of iPad used a nano-SIM circuit slot,[65] white its predecessors used micro-SIM.[a] The iPads used two frequency bands; both support the same quad-band GSM and quad-band UMTS frequencies. One supports LTE bands 4 and 17 (principally intended for use on the U.S. AT&T network), and the other supports LTE bands 1, 3, 5, 13, 25 and CDMA EV-DO Rev. A and Rev. B.[70]

Apple extended the range of cellular compatibilities worldwide with the release of the fifth generation of iPad and the second generation of iPad Mini, worldwide and all major carriers across North America. The iPad Air and iPad Mini come in two cellular sub-variants, all of which featured nano-SIMs, quad-band GSM, penta-band UMTS, and dual-band CDMA EV-DO Rev. A and B. One supports LTE bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25 and 26, and the other supports LTE bands 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 18, 19, 20 and TD-LTE bands 38, 39 and 40.[71][72]

## Accessories[edit]

Main article: iPad accessories

The Magic Keyboard and Apple Pencil, 2021

Apple offers many iPad accessories, ranging from keyboards, styluses, cases, to adapters; a 10 W power adapter is bundled with the device.[73] In addition to a camera connection kit which consists of two adapters for the iPad's dock connector, one of USB Type A and one of SD card reader; these adapters can transfer photographs and videos and connect USB audio card and MIDI keyboard.[74]

Apple's list of accessories included the Apple Pencil ― a wireless stylus pen, Smart Cover ― a magnetic screen protector that align to the face of an iPad with three folds that is convertible into a stand, Smart Case ― a fine case combining the functions of a Smart Cover and a back-protection case, Smart Keyboard Folio ― an externally-paired keyboard and a combination of a Smart Case and its predecessor, a Smart Keyboard, Magic Keyboard, ― an externally-paired keyboard similar to the formers but with integrated trackpads which the Smart Keyboard Folio and Smart Keyboard lack.[b]

## Software[edit]

Main articles: iOS and iPadOS

Since its introduction in 2010, the iPad runs on the iPhone's iOS mobile operating system, but it was later replaced with an optimized derivation, iPadOS, in September 2019. It shares the former's development environment and many of its applications and features. The iPad is compatible with nearly every iPhone application through iOS, and developers can optimize these applications to take full advantage of the iPad's software. They used iOS SDK, a software development kit.[c]

The iOS user interface is based upon direct manipulation, using multi-touch gestures such as swipe, tap, pinch, and reverse pinch. Interface control elements include sliders, switches, and buttons.[87] Internal accelerometers are used by some applications to respond to shaking the device (one common result is the undo command) or rotating it in three dimensions (one common result is switching between portrait and landscape mode). Various accessibility described in § Accessibility functions enable users with vision and hearing disabilities to properly use iOS.[88]

iOS devices boot to the homescreen, the primary navigation and information "hub" on iOS devices, analogous to the desktop found on personal computers. iOS homescreens are typically made up of app icons and widgets; app icons launch the associated app, whereas widgets display live, auto-updating content, such as a weather forecast, the user's email inbox, or a news ticker directly on the homescreen. Along the top of the screen is a status bar, showing information about the device and its connectivity. The status bar itself contains two elements, the Control Center and the Notification Center.[89]

iOS' Control Center can be "pulled" down from the top right of the notch, giving access to various toggles to manage the device more quickly without having to open the Settings.[90] It is possible to manage brightness, volume, wireless connections, music player, etc. A homescreen may be made up of several pages, between which the user can swipe back and forth, one of the ways to do this is to hold down on the "dots" shown on each page and swipe left or right. To the right of the last page, the App Library lists and categorizes apps installed on the device. Apps within each category are arranged based on the frequency of their usage. In addition to a category for suggested apps, a "recent" category lists apps recently installed alongside App Clips recently accessed. Users can search for the app they want or browse them in alphabetical order.[91]

iOS' multitasking API included Background audio – application continues to run in the background as long as it is playing audio or video content, voice over IP – application is suspended when a phone call is not in progress, Push notification, Local notifications – application schedules local notifications to be delivered at a predetermined time, Task completion – application asks the system for extra time to complete a given task, Fast app switching – application does not execute any code and may be removed from memory at any time, Newsstand – applications can download content in the background to be ready for the uses, External Accessory – application communicates with an external accessory and shares data at regular intervals, Bluetooth Accessory – application communicates with a Bluetooth accessory and shares data at regular intervals, and Background application update.[92][93][94]

iPadOS features a multitasking system developed with more capabilities compared to iOS, with features like Slide Over and Split View that make it possible to use multiple different applications simultaneously. Double-clicking the Home Button or swiping up from the bottom of the screen and pausing will display all currently active spaces. Each space can feature a single app, or a Split View featuring two apps. The user can also swipe left or right on the Home Indicator to go between spaces at any time, or swipe left/right with four fingers.[95]

In iPadOS, while using an app, swiping up slightly from the bottom edge of the screen will summon the Dock, where apps stored within can be dragged to different areas of the current space to be opened in either Split View or Slide Over. Dragging an app to the left or right edge of the screen will create a Split View, which will allow both apps to be used side by side. The size of the two apps in Split View can be adjusted by dragging a pill-shaped icon in the center of the vertical divider and dragging the divider all the way to one side of the screen closes the respective app. If the user drags an app from the dock over the current app, it will create a floating window called Slide Over which can be dragged to either the left or right side of the screen. A Slide Over window can be hidden by swiping it off the right side of the screen, and swiping left from the right edge of the screen will restore it. Slide Over apps can also be cycled between by swiping left or right on the Home Indicator in the Slide Over window and pulling up on it will open an app switcher for Slide Over windows. A pill-shaped icon at the top of apps in Split View or Slide Over allows them to be switched in an out of Split View and Slide Over.[95]

### Operating system support[edit]

Legend:  |  Obsolete |  Vintage |  Unsupported |  Discontinued |  Current |  Upcoming

|
|
|
|
|
|

Model  | Announced  | Released with  | Release date  | Discontinued  | Final supported OS  | Support ended  | Support lifespan

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

iPad (1st generation) | January 27, 2010  | iPhone OS 3.2  | April 3, 2010  | March 2, 2011  | iOS 5.1.1  | September 19, 2012  | 2 years, 5 months
iPad 2 | March 2, 2011  | iOS 4.3  | March 11, 2011  | March 18, 2014  | iOS 9.3.6  | September 12, 2016
(GPS Update: July 22, 2019)  | 5 years, 6 months (Wi-Fi)
8 years, 4 months (Wi-Fi + Cellular)
iPad (3rd generation) | March 7, 2012  | iOS 5.1  | March 16, 2012  | October 23, 2012  | iOS 9.3.6  | September 12, 2016
(GPS Update: July 22, 2019)  | 4 years, 6 months (Wi-Fi)
7 years, 4 months (Wi-Fi + Cellular)
iPad Mini (1st generation) | October 23, 2012  | iOS 6.0  | November 2, 2012  | June 19, 2015  | iOS 9.3.6  | September 12, 2016
(GPS Update: July 22, 2019)  | 4 years, 6 months (Wi-Fi)
7 years, 4 months (Wi-Fi + Cellular)
iPad (4th generation) | October 23, 2012  | iOS 6.0  | November 2, 2012  | October 16, 2014  | iOS 10.3.4  | September 19, 2017
(GPS Update: July 22, 2019)  | 4 years, 10 months (Wi-Fi)
6 years, 8 months (Wi-Fi + Cellular)
iPad Air (1st generation) | October 22, 2013  | iOS 7.0.3  | November 1, 2013  | March 21, 2016  | iOS 12.5.6  | August 31, 2022  | 8 years, 10 months
iPad Mini 2 | October 22, 2013  | iOS 7.0.3  | November 12, 2013  | March 21, 2017  | iOS 12.5.6  | August 31, 2022  | 8 years, 10 months
iPad Mini 3 | October 16, 2014  | iOS 8.1  | October 22, 2014  | September 9, 2015  | iOS 12.5.6  | August 31, 2022  | 8 years, 10 months
iPad Air 2 | October 16, 2014  | iOS 8.1  | October 22, 2014  | March 21, 2017  | iPadOS 15.x  | Active, bug fixes only  | 8 years
iPad Mini 4 | September 9, 2015  | iOS 9.0  | September 9, 2015  | March 18, 2019  | iPadOS 15.x  | Active, bug fixes only  | 7 years, 1 month
iPad Pro (1st generation) 12.9-inch  | September 9, 2015  | iOS 9.1  | November 11, 2015  | June 5, 2017  | Latest iPadOS | Active  | 7 years, 1 month
iPad Pro (1st generation) 9.7-inch  | September 9, 2015  | iOS 9.1  | March 31, 2016  | June 5, 2017  | Latest iPadOS | Active  | 7 years, 1 month
iPad (5th generation) | March 21, 2017  | iOS 10.3  | March 24, 2017  | March 27, 2018  | Latest iPadOS | Active  | 5 years, 7 months
iPad Pro (2nd generation) 12.9-inch  | June 5, 2017  | iOS 10.3.2  | June 13, 2017  | October 30, 2018  | Latest iPadOS | Active  | 5 years, 4 months
iPad Pro (2nd gen) 10.5-inch  | June 5, 2017  | iOS 10.3.2  | June 13, 2017  | March 18, 2019  | Latest iPadOS | Active  | 5 years, 4 months
iPad (6th generation) | March 27, 2018  | iOS 11.3  | March 27, 2018  | September 10, 2019  | Latest iPadOS | Active  | 4 years, 7 months
iPad Pro (3rd generation) | October 30, 2018  | iOS 12.1  | November 7, 2018  | March 18, 2020  | Latest iPadOS | Active  | 3 years, 11 months
iPad Mini (5th generation) | March 18, 2019  | iOS 12.2  | March 18, 2019  | September 14, 2021  | Latest iPadOS | Active  | 3 years, 7 months
iPad Air (3rd generation) | March 18, 2019  | iOS 12.2  | March 18, 2019  | September 15, 2020  | Latest iPadOS | Active  | 3 years, 7 months
iPad (7th generation) | September 10, 2019  | iPadOS 13.1  | September 25, 2019  | September 15, 2020  | Latest iPadOS | Active  | 3 years, 1 month
iPad Pro (4th generation) | March 18, 2020  | iPadOS 13.4  | March 25, 2020  | April 20, 2021  | Latest iPadOS | Active  | 2 years, 7 months
iPad (8th generation) | September 15, 2020  | iPadOS 14.0  | September 18, 2020  | September 14, 2021  | Latest iPadOS | Active  | 2 years, 1 month
iPad Air (4th generation) | September 15, 2020  | iPadOS 14.1  | October 23, 2020  | March 8, 2022  | Latest iPadOS | Active  | 2 years, 1 month
iPad Pro (5th generation) | April 20, 2021  | iPadOS 14.5  | May 21, 2021  | October 18, 2022  | Latest iPadOS | Active  | 1 year, 6 months
iPad (9th generation) | September 14, 2021  | iPadOS 15.0  | September 24, 2021  | Current  | Latest iPadOS | Active  | 1 year, 1 month
iPad Mini (6th generation) | September 14, 2021  | iPadOS 15.0  | September 24, 2021  | Current  | Latest iPadOS | Active  | 1 year, 1 month
iPad Air (5th generation) | March 8, 2022  | iPadOS 15.4  | March 18, 2022  | Current  | Latest iPadOS | Active  | 7 months
iPad Pro (6th generation) | October 18, 2022  | iPadOS 16.1  | October 26, 2022  | Current  | Latest iPadOS | Active  | 0 months
iPad (10th generation) | October 18, 2022  | iPadOS 16.1  | October 26, 2022  | Current  | Latest iPadOS | Active  | 0 months

## Model comparison[edit]

Further information: List of iOS and iPadOS devices § iPad (lineup)

## Restrictions[edit]

### Digital rights management[edit]

Further information on the digital rights management restrictions: iOS (Apple) § Digital rights management

The iPad does not employ digital rights management (DRM), but the OS prevents users from copying or transferring certain content outside of Apple's platform without authorization, such as TV shows, movies, and apps. Also, the iPad's development model requires anyone creating an app for the iPad to sign a non-disclosure agreement and pay for a developer subscription. Critics argue Apple's centralized app approval process and control of the platform itself could stifle software innovation. Of particular concern to digital rights advocates is Apple's ability to remotely disable or delete apps on any iPad at any time.[96][97][98]

Digital rights advocates, including the Free Software Foundation,[99] Electronic Frontier Foundation,[98] and computer engineer and activist Brewster Kahle,[100] have criticized the iPad for its digital rights restrictions. In April 2010, Paul Sweeting, an analyst with GigaOM, was quoted by NPR as saying, "With the iPad, you have the anti-Internet in your hands. ... It offers [the major media companies] the opportunity to essentially re-create the old business model, wherein they are pushing content to you on their terms rather than you going out and finding content, or a search engine discovering content for you." But Sweeting also thought that the limitations imposed by Apple impart the feeling of a safe neighborhood, saying, "Apple is offering you a gated community where there's a guard at the gate, and there's probably maid service, too." Laura Sydell, the article's author, concludes, "As more consumers have fears about security on the Internet, viruses, and malware, they may be happy to opt for Apple's gated community."[101] The Russian government has switched from iPads to Android devices over security concerns.[102]

### Jailbreaking[edit]

Main article: iOS jailbreaking

Like other iOS devices, the iPad can be "jailbroken", depending on which version of iOS or iPadOS it is running, thus allowing applications and programs that are not authorized by Apple to run on the device.[103][104] Once it is jailbroken, users are able to download many applications previously unavailable through the App Store via unofficial installers such as Cydia, as well as illegally pirated applications.[104] Apple claims jailbreaking "can" void the factory warranty on the device in the United States even though jailbreaking is legal.[104][105] The iPad, released in April 2010, was first jailbroken in May 2010 with the Spirit jailbreak for iOS version 3.1.2.[106] The iPad can be jailbroken on iOS versions 4.3 through 4.3.3 with the web-based tool JailbreakMe 3.0 (released in July 2011),[107] and on iOS versions including 5.0 and 5.0.1 using redsn0w[108] Absinthe 2.0 was released on May 25, 2012, as the first jailbreak method for all iOS 5.1.1 devices except the 32 nm version of the iPad 2.[109]

### Censorship[edit]

Apple's App Store, which provides iPhone and iPad applications, imposes censorship of content, which has become an issue for book publishers and magazines seeking to use the platform. The Guardian newspaper described the role of Apple as analogous to that of British magazine distributor WH Smith, which for many years imposed content restrictions.[110]

Due to the exclusion of pornography from the App Store, YouPorn and others changed their video format from Flash to H.264 and HTML5 specifically for the iPad.[111] In an e-mail exchange[112] with Ryan Tate from Valleywag, Steve Jobs claimed that the iPad offers "freedom from porn", leading to many upset replies including Adbustings in Berlin by artist Johannes P. Osterhoff[113] and in San Francisco during WWDC10.[114]

## Original reception[edit]

Media reaction to the original iPad was mixed. The media noted the positive response from fans of the device, with thousands of people queued on the first day of sale in a number of these countries.[115][116]

The iPad was quickly successful and sold in large numbers after its 2010 launch. Analysts have noted that while Apple's previous iPod and iPhone launches took some time till taking off, the iPad was commercially popular from the beginning and faced little market competition during its first year.[117]

### Reaction to the announcement[edit]

Media reaction to the announcement of the original iPad was mixed. Walter Mossberg wrote, "It's about the software, stupid", meaning hardware features and build are less important to the iPad's success than software and user interface, his first impressions of which were largely positive. Mossberg also called the price "modest" for a device of its capabilities, and praised the ten-hour battery life.[118] Others, including PC Advisor and the Sydney Morning Herald, wrote that the iPad would also compete with proliferating netbooks, most of which use Microsoft Windows.[119][120] The base model's $499 price was lower than pre-release estimates by the tech press, Wall Street analysts, and Apple's competitors, all of whom were expecting a much higher entry price point.[121][122][123]

CNET also criticized the iPad for its apparent lack of wireless sync which other portable devices such as Microsoft's Zune have had for a number of years. The built-in iTunes app is able to download from the Internet as well.[124]

### Critical response[edit]

Reviews of the original iPad have been generally favorable. Walt Mossberg then, of The Wall Street Journal called it a "pretty close" laptop killer.[125] David Pogue of The New York Times wrote a "dual" review, one part for technology-minded people, and the other part for non-technology-minded people. In the former section, he notes that a laptop offers more features for a cheaper price than the iPad. In his review for the latter audience, however, he claims that if his readers like the concept of the device and can understand what its intended uses are, then they will enjoy using the device.[126] PC Magazine's Tim Gideon wrote, "you have yourself a winner" that "will undoubtedly be a driving force in shaping the emerging tablet landscape."[127] Michael Arrington of TechCrunch said, "the iPad beats even my most optimistic expectations. This is a new category of device. But it also will replace laptops for many people."[128] PC World criticized the iPad's file sharing and printing abilities,[129] and Ars Technica said sharing files with a computer is "one of our least favorite parts of the iPad experience."[130]

The media also praised the quantity of applications, as well as the bookstore and other media applications.[131][132] In contrast they criticized the iPad for being a closed system and mentioned that the iPad faces competition from Android-based tablets,[115] that outsold iPads in 2013, surpassing iPads in the second quarter of 2013,[133] and have overtaken iPad's installed base,[134] and has lost majority of web browsing to Android, by StatCounter estimates, in South America, Africa, most of Asia - many large countries there and in Eastern Europe.[135] The Independent criticized the iPad for not being as readable in bright light as paper but praised it for being able to store large quantities of books.[131] After its UK release, The Daily Telegraph said the iPad's lack of Adobe Flash support was "annoying."[136]

### Recognition[edit]

The original iPad was selected by Time magazine as one of the 50 Best Inventions of the Year 2010,[137] while Popular Science chose it as the top gadget[138] behind the overall "Best of What's New 2010" winner Groasis Waterboxx.[139]

## Usage[edit]

### Market share[edit]

Market share of the iPad, 2012―2021

The iPad had a relatively stable global market share. It received a significant drop in the third quarter of 2012 but gradually recovered, although not as abundant as before. As of the third quarter of 2021, it had a market share of 34.6%.[140]

### Business[edit]

While the iPad is mostly used by consumers, it also has been taken up by business users.[141] Within 90 days of its release, the iPad managed to penetrate 50% of Fortune 100 companies.[142] Some companies are adopting iPads in their business offices by distributing or making available iPads to employees. Examples of uses in the workplace include attorneys responding to clients, medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams, and managers approving employee requests.[143][144][145]

A survey by Frost & Sullivan shows that iPad usage in office workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employee productivity, reduced paperwork, and increased revenue. The research firm estimates that "The mobile-office application market in North America may reach $6.85 billion in 2015, up from an estimated $1.76 billion [in 2010]."[146]

Since March 2011, the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has approved the iPad for in-cockpit use to cut down on the paper consumption in several airlines.[147] In 2011, Alaska Airlines became the first airline to replace pilots' paper manuals with iPads, weighing 0.68 kg (1.5 lb) compared to 11 kg (24 lb) for the printed flight manuals. It hopes to have fewer back and muscle injuries.[148] More than a dozen airlines have followed suit, including United, which has distributed 11,000 iPads to cockpits.[149] Also, many airlines now offer their inflight magazine as a downloadable application for the iPad.[150][151][152]

### Education and healthcare[edit]

The iPad has several uses in the classroom,[153] and has been praised as a valuable tool for homeschooling[154][155] and distance education.[156] Soon after the iPad was released, it was reported that 81% of the top book apps were for children.[157] The iPad has also been called a revolutionary tool to help children with autism learn how to communicate and socialize more easily.[158]

In the healthcare field, iPads and iPhones have been used to help hospitals manage their supply chain. For example, Novation, a healthcare contracting services company, developed VHA PriceLynx (based on the mobile application platform of business intelligence software vendor MicroStrategy), a business intelligence app to help health care organizations manage its purchasing procedures more efficiently and save money for hospitals. Guillermo Ramas of Novation states, "Doctors won't walk around a hospital with a laptop. With an iPad it's perfect to walk around the hospital with as long as they have the information they need."[159]

In 2013, Gianna Chien (aged 14) presented to more than 8,000 doctors at the Heart Rhythm Society meeting that the Apple iPad 2 can, in some cases, interfere with life-saving heart devices (pacemakers) because of the magnets inside.[160] The iPad User Guide advised pacemaker users to keep iPads at least 6 in (15 cm) away from the pacemaker.[161] A study in 2014 found that the iPad 2 could cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) in implantable cardioverter defibrillators.[162]

### Consumer usage[edit]

In the United States, fans attending Super Bowl XLV, the first Super Bowl since the iPad was released, could use an official National Football League (NFL) app to navigate Cowboys Stadium.[163] In 2011, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers became the first NFL club to discontinue the use of paper copies of playbooks, and instead distributed all players their playbook and videos in electronic format via an iPad 2.[164]

The iPad is able to support many music creation applications in addition to the iTunes music playback software. These include sound samplers, guitar and voice effects processors, sequencers for synthesized sounds and sampled loops, virtual synthesizers and drum machines, theremin-style and other touch responsive instruments, drum pads and many more. Gorillaz's 2010 album, The Fall, was created almost exclusively using the iPad by Damon Albarn while on tour with the band.[165] The music video for Luna Sea's 2012 single, "Rouge", was filmed entirely on an iPad.[166]

## Timeline[edit]

Timeline of iPad models

* v
* t
* e

See also: Timeline of Apple Inc. products

Source: Apple Newsroom Archive.[167]

## See also[edit]

* List of Apple Inc. media events
* Comparison of e-readers
* Comparison of tablet computers
* Microsoft Surface
* Pen computing

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[66][67][68][69]
2. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[75][76][77][78][79][80][81]
3. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[82][83][84][85][86]

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112. ^ Tate, Ryan (May 15, 2010). "Steve Jobs Offers World 'Freedom From Porn'". Gawker. Archived from the original on May 19, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
113. ^ Butcher, Mike (May 29, 2010). "Apple iPad offers "freedom from porn" – but not in Berlin". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on February 14, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
114. ^ "Porn again: "Dudes" who like it alter San Francisco iPad ads". ZDNet. June 9, 2010. Archived from the original on June 18, 2010. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
115. ^ a b "iPad fans mob Apple stores for international launch". BBC News. May 28, 2010. Archived from the original on September 30, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
116. ^ "iPad-mania as thousands queue for global roll-out". Google News. Agence France-Presse. May 28, 2010. Archived from the original on April 11, 2012. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
117. ^ Bell, Donald. "What tablets can learn from the iPod wars". CNET. Archived from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
118. ^ Mossberg, Walter S. (January 27, 2010). "First Impressions of the New Apple iPad". All Things Digital. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
119. ^ Lai, Eric (January 28, 2010). "Apple iPad versus netbook: features compared". PC Advisor. Archived from the original on June 24, 2011. Retrieved January 28, 2010.
120. ^ Tsang, Simon (February 2, 2010). "iPad vs the Kindle, tablets and netbooks". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on February 3, 2010. Retrieved February 2, 2010.
121. ^ Eaton, Kit (January 27, 2010). "The iPad's Biggest Innovation: Its $500 Price". Fast Company. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
122. ^ Peers, Martin (January 28, 2010). "Apple's iPad Revolution: Price". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on April 25, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2010.
123. ^ Stokes, Jon (January 29, 2010). "Tablet makers rethinking things in wake of iPad's $499 price". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on March 29, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
124. ^ Rosoff, Matt (January 30, 2010). "How to make the iPad a better music device". CNET. Archived from the original on March 29, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
125. ^ Mossberg, Walter S. (March 31, 2010). "Apple iPad Review: Laptop Killer? Pretty Close". All Things Digital. Archived from the original on March 22, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
126. ^ Pogue, David (March 31, 2010). "Looking at the iPad From Two Angles". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
127. ^ Gideon, Tim (March 31, 2010). "Apple iPad (Wi-Fi)". PC Magazine. Archived from the original on April 2, 2010. Retrieved April 1, 2010.
128. ^ Arrington, Michael (April 2, 2010). "The Unauthorized TechCrunch iPad Review". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on March 29, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
129. ^ Mediati, Nick (April 5, 2010). "iPad Struggles at Printing and Sharing Files". PC World. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
130. ^ Cheng, Jacqui (April 7, 2010). "Ars Technica reviews the iPad". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on March 29, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
131. ^ a b Phelan, David (May 26, 2010). "The iPad: what is it good for?". The Independent. UK. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
132. ^ Bevan, Kate (May 31, 2010). "The best iPad media apps". The Guardian. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved June 10, 2010.
133. ^ "Android Ecosystem Takes the Baton from Apple iPad in the Tablet Race". ABIresearch. September 27, 2013. Archived from the original on September 9, 2014. Retrieved September 10, 2014.
134. ^ "Tablet Installed Base to Reach Tipping Point in 2014 as Android Surpasses iOS". ABIresearch. June 20, 2014. Archived from the original on November 10, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
135. ^ "StatCounter Global Stats – Browser, OS, Search Engine including Mobile Usage Share". StatCounter Global Stats. Archived from the original on May 26, 2019. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
136. ^ Beaumont, Claudine (May 24, 2010). "Lack of Flash support on iPad 'annoying', say consumers". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved April 14, 2011.
137. ^ McCracken, Harry (November 11, 2010). "The 50 Best Inventions of 2010: iPad". Time. Archived from the original on November 13, 2010. Retrieved November 17, 2010.
138. ^ "Best of What's New 2010: Gadgets". Popular Science. Archived from the original on November 19, 2010. Retrieved December 5, 2010.
139. ^ Jannot, Mark (November 5, 2010). "Best of What's New 2010: Our 100 Innovations of the Year". Popular Science. Archived from the original on December 17, 2010. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
140. ^ "Apple iPad market share 2021". Statista. Archived from the original on January 30, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
141. ^ Arthur, Charles; Fox, Killian (March 27, 2011). "How the iPad revolution has transformed working lives". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on May 19, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
142. ^ Clevenger, Nathan (July 29, 2011). "How the iPad Conquered the Enterprise". Datamation. Archived from the original on June 4, 2012. Retrieved July 29, 2012.
143. ^ "iPad creeping into business offices". Computerworld. September 13, 2010. Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved July 29, 2012.
144. ^ Sperling, Ed (September 13, 2010). "Rise Of The Tablet Computer". Forbes. Archived from the original on July 4, 2012. Retrieved July 29, 2012.
145. ^ Worthen, Ben (August 24, 2010). "Businesses Add iPads to Their Briefcases". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on February 1, 2015. Retrieved July 29, 2012.
146. ^ "MicroStrategy's Corporate Apps Boost Productivity". Bloomberg Businessweek. November 1, 2010. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved July 29, 2012. "About 42% of respondents in the survey, which was released in August, sought an increase in user productivity, followed by reduced paperwork (39%), and increased revenue (37%). The mobile-office application market in North America may reach $6.85 billion in 2015, up from an estimated $1.76 billion this year, Frost & Sullivan estimates."
147. ^ Murphy, Kate (July 4, 2011). "The Paperless Cockpit". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 29, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
148. ^ "Alaska Airlines to replace pilot manuals with iPads". The Age. Melbourne. June 2, 2011. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
149. ^ "United puts iPads in cockpits for 'paperless flight deck'". Archived from the original on April 11, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
150. ^ "Lufthansa Magazin iPad". Lufthansa. Archived from the original on August 10, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
151. ^ "United Airlines Hemispheres Magazine". Apple. Archived from the original on May 24, 2013. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
152. ^ "Inflight Magazine – The Australian Way". Qantas. Archived from the original on August 19, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2012. "Now on iPad"
153. ^ "Teleread.com: Teaching with the iPad". Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved October 1, 2010.
154. ^ "iPad in the Homeschool". Spotty Banana. Archived from the original on October 2, 2010. Retrieved October 1, 2010.
155. ^ Williams, Jenny (January 27, 2010). "How Will the Apple iPad Change Our Kids' Lives?". Wired. Archived from the original on August 13, 2010. Retrieved October 1, 2010.
156. ^ Belinda, Tynan (2013). Outlooks and Opportunities in Blended and Distance Learning. IGI Global. p. 167.
157. ^ "81 Percent of Top Book Apps Are Kids Titles". AOL News. Archived from the original on December 29, 2010. Retrieved October 1, 2010.
158. ^ Harrell, Ashley (October 1, 2010). "iHelp for Autism". SF Weekly. Archived from the original on August 7, 2012. Retrieved July 29, 2012.
159. ^ Horowitz, Brian (August 22, 2011). "Novation App for iPhone, iPad Helps Hospitals Manage Supply Chain". Archived from the original on December 12, 2013. Retrieved July 29, 2012.
160. ^ Cortez, Michelle Fay (May 9, 2013). "Heart Patient Risk From iPad2 Found by 14-Year-Old". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on July 26, 2019. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
161. ^ "Myth killer: iPad magnet effect on defibrillators wasn't "discovered" by a 14-year-old". Engadget. May 10, 2013. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved July 26, 2019. "iPad has magnets along the left edge of the device and on the right side of the front glass, which may interfere with pacemakers, defibrillators, or other medical devices. The iPad Smart Cover and iPad Smart Case also contain magnets. Maintain at least 6 inches (approximately 15 cm) of separation between your pacemaker or defibrillator and iPad, the iPad Smart Cover, or the iPad Smart Case."
162. ^ Kozik, Teri M.; Chien, Gianna; Connolly, Therese F.; Grewal, Gurinder S.; Liang, David; Chien, Walter (March 24, 2014). "iPad2 Use in Patients With Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators Causes Electromagnetic Interference: The EMIT Study". Journal of the American Heart Association. 3 (2): e000746. doi:10.1161/jaha.113.000746. ISSN 2047-9980. PMC 4187492. PMID 24721802.
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164. ^ Stroud, Rick (August 25, 2011). "Tampa Bay Buccaneers buy each player an iPad to hold playbook, videos". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on September 13, 2011. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
165. ^ "Gorillaz are to release a free album on Christmas Day". BBC News. December 10, 2010. Archived from the original on January 29, 2012. Retrieved December 25, 2010.
166. ^ "LUNA SEA、"第二期"の序章を告げる最新MVはiPadで撮影". barks.jp (in Japanese). November 15, 2012. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 21, 2013.
167. ^ Apple Inc. (2010–2011). iPad News – Newsroom Archive. Retrieved June 7, 2018.

## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to iPad.

* Official website

iPad

* v
* t
* e

iOS and iOS-based products

* History
* Issues
* Outline

Hardware|

| iPhone|

* 1st
* 3G
* 3GS
* 4
* 4S
* 5
* 5C
* 5S
* 6 & 6 Plus
* 6S & 6S Plus
* 7 & 7 Plus
* 8 & 8 Plus
* X
* XR
* XS & XS Max
* 11
* 11 Pro & Pro Max
* 12 & 12 Mini
* 12 Pro & Pro Max
* 13 & 13 Mini
* 13 Pro & Pro Max
* 14 & 14 Plus
* 14 Pro & Pro Max

* SE
* 1st
* 2nd
* 3rd

|

iPod Touch|

* 1st
* 2nd
* 3rd
* 4th
* 5th
* 6th
* 7th

iPad|

* 1st
* 2
* 3rd
* 4th
* 5th
* 6th
* 7th
* 8th
* 9th
* 10th

* Mini
* 1st
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5th
* 6th
* Air
* 1st
* 2
* 3rd
* 4th
* 5th
* Pro
* 1st
* 2nd
* 3rd
* 4th
* 5th
* 6th

Other|

* Apple TV
* Apple Watch
* HomePod
* Mini

Software|

| OS|

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16

Derived from iOS|

* watchOS
* tvOS
* iPadOS
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16

Features |

* AirDrop
* AirPlay
* AirPrint
* CarPlay
* Control Center
* iTunes
* Night Shift
* Notification Center
* Shazam
* Siri
* Spotlight
* SpringBoard
* VoiceOver

SDK & API |

* SDK
* Cocoa Touch
* Core Animation
* HomeKit
* Inter-App Audio
* WebKit
* GymKit
* HealthKit

Bundled apps|

* Books
* Calculator
* Calendar
* Clock
* Contacts
* FaceTime
* Files
* Find My
* Fitness
* Health
* Home
* Mail
* Maps
* Measure
* Messages
* Music
* News
* Notes
* Photos
* Podcasts
* Reminders
* Safari
* Shortcuts
* Stocks
* Translate
* TV
* Voice Memos
* Wallet
* Weather
* Watch

Discontinued|

* Find My Friends
* Find My iPhone
* Newsstand

Apple apps|

* Classroom
* Clips
* GarageBand
* iMovie
* iWork
* Keynote
* Numbers
* Pages
* iTunes Remote

Discontinued|

* Beats Music
* Cards
* iPhoto
* Nike + iPod

Services|

* Arcade
* Card
* App Store
* iOS / iPadOS
* watchOS
* tvOS
* Music
* FaceTime
* Family Sharing
* Game Center
* iCloud
* iMessage
* iTunes Connect
* iTunes Store
* News
* +
* One
* Pay
* Push Notifications
* TestFlight
* TV+
* Shows
* Wallet

Discontinued|

* iAd
* iLife
* iTunes Radio
* MobileMe

Other|

* Apple silicon
* Controversies
* 300-page bill
* Antennagate
* Batterygate
* Bendgate
* Jailbreaking
* FairPlay
* Free and open-source apps
* Games
* iFund
* iPhone history
* iPhone hardware
* Metal
* Swift
* WWDC

* Italics denote upcoming products
* Category

* v
* t
* e

Apple hardware since 1998

* List of iOS and iPadOS devices

Desktops and tower computers|

* eMac
* iMac
* G3
* G4
* G5
* Intel-based
* Apple silicon
* iMac Pro
* Mac Mini
* Mac Pro
* Mac Studio
* Power Mac
* G3
* G4
* G4 Cube
* G5
* Xserve

Laptops|

* iBook
* MacBook
* 2006–2012
* 2015–2019
* MacBook Air
* Intel-based
* Apple silicon
* MacBook Pro
* Intel-based
* Apple silicon
* PowerBook
* G3
* G4

Smartphones|

* iPhone
* 2G
* 3G
* 3GS
* 4
* 4S
* 5
* 5C
* 5S
* 6, 6 Plus
* 6S, 6S Plus
* 7, 7 Plus
* 8, 8 Plus
* X
* XS, XS Max
* XR
* 11
* 11 Pro, Pro Max
* 12, 12 Mini
* 12 Pro, Pro Max
* 13, 13 Mini
* 13 Pro, Pro Max
* 14, 14 Plus
* 14 Pro, Pro Max
* iPhone SE
* 1st
* 2nd
* 3rd

Tablets|

* iPad
* 1st
* 2
* 3rd
* 4th
* 5th
* 6th
* 7th
* 8th
* 9th
* 10th
* iPad Mini
* 1st
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5th
* 6th
* iPad Air
* 1st
* 2
* 3rd
* 4th
* 5th
* iPad Pro
* 1st
* 2nd
* 3rd
* 4th
* 5th
* 6th

Other consumer electronics|

* Apple TV
* Apple Watch
* Displays
* Studio Display (1998–2004)
* Cinema Display
* Thunderbolt Display
* Pro Display XDR
* Studio Display
* HomePod
* Mini
* iPod
* Classic
* Mini
* iPod+HP
* Shuffle
* Nano
* Touch
* 1st
* 2nd
* 3rd
* 4th
* 5th
* 6th
* 7th

Accessories|

* AirPods
* Pro
* Max
* AirPort
* Express
* Extreme
* Time Capsule
* AirPower (canceled)
* AirTag
* Headphones
* iPad
* Pencil
* Smart Keyboard
* Magic Keyboard
* iPod
* Click Wheel
* Nike+
* Socks
* iSight
* Keyboard
* Wireless
* Magic
* Mouse and trackpad
* USB
* Mighty
* Magic
* Magic Trackpad 2
* Polishing Cloth
* Remote
* Siri Remote
* Speakers
* Hi-Fi
* SoundSticks
* SuperDrive
* USB Modem
* Xserve RAID

* v
* t
* e

Apple hardware

Apple II family|

* Apple I
* Apple II series
* II
* II Plus
* IIe
* IIe Card
* Processor Direct Slot
* IIc
* IIc Plus
* IIGS
* Apple III
* Apple Lisa
* Macintosh XL

Mac|

| Desktop|

* Compact
* 128K
* 512K
* 512Ke
* Plus
* SE
* SE/30
* Classic
* Classic II
* Color Classic
* II family
* II
* IIx
* IIcx
* IIci
* IIfx
* IIsi
* IIvi
* IIvx
* LC family
* LC
* LC II
* LC III
* LC 475
* LC 500 series
* LC 630
* 5200 LC
* Macintosh TV
* Quadra
* 610
* 650
* 660AV
* 605
* 630
* 700
* 900
* 950
* 800
* 840AV
* Performa
* Centris
* Power Macintosh
* 4400 and 7220
* 5000 series
* 5200 LC and 5300 LC
* 5260
* 5400
* 5500
* 6000 series
* 6100
* 6200 and 6300
* 6400
* 6500
* 7000 series
* 7100
* 7200 and 8200
* 7300
* 7500
* 7600
* 8000 series
* 8100
* 8500
* 8600
* 9000 series
* 9500
* 9600
* G3
* G4
* G4 Cube
* G5
* 20th Anniversary
* iMac
* G3
* G4
* G5
* Intel
* Pro
* Apple silicon
* eMac
* Mac Pro
* Mac Mini
* Mac Studio

|

Laptop|

* Macintosh Portable
* PowerBook
* 100 series
* 100
* 140
* 170
* 160
* 180
* 150
* 190
* Duo
* 210
* 230
* 500 series
* 5300
* 1400
* 3400c
* 2400c
* G3
* G4
* iBook
* MacBook
* 2006–2012
* 2015–2019
* MacBook Air
* Intel
* Apple silicon
* MacBook Pro
* Intel
* Apple silicon

Server|

* Workgroup Server
* 9150
* Network Server
* Xserve

Devices|

* AirPower (canceled)
* Apple TV
* Apple Watch
* Beddit
* HomePod
* Mini
* Interactive Television Box
* iPad
* 1st
* 2
* 3rd
* 4th
* 5th
* 6th
* 7th
* 8th
* 9th
* 10th
* iPad Air
* 1st
* 2
* 3rd
* 4th
* 5th
* iPad Mini
* 1st
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5th
* 6th
* iPad Pro
* 9.7 / 12.9 (1st)
* 10.5 / 12.9 (2nd)
* 11 (1st) / 12.9 (3rd)
* 11 (2nd) / 12.9 (4th)
* 11 (3rd) / 12.9 (5th)
* 11 (4th) / 12.9 (6th)
* iPhone
* 1st
* 3G
* 3GS
* 4
* 4S
* 5
* 5C
* 5S
* 6 / 6 Plus
* 6S / 6S Plus
* 7 / 7 Plus
* 8 / 8 Plus
* X
* XR
* XS / XS Max
* 11
* 11 Pro / 11 Pro Max
* 12 Pro / 12 Pro Max
* 12 / 12 Mini
* 13 / 13 Mini
* 13 Pro / 13 Pro Max
* 14 / 14 Plus
* 14 Pro / 14 Pro Max
* iPhone SE
* 1st
* 2nd
* 3rd
* iPod
* Classic
* Mini
* Nano
* Shuffle
* Touch
* 1st
* 2nd
* 3rd
* 4th
* 5th
* 6th
* 7th
* Mac NC
* Newton
* MessagePad
* eMate 300
* Paladin
* Pippin
* Bandai
* PowerCD
* QuickTake
* W.A.L.T.

Accessories|

| Audio|

* AirPods
* Pro
* Max
* Beats
* Pill
* Headphones
* Speakers
* iPod Hi-Fi
* SoundSticks

|

Displays|

* Monitor III
* Monitor II
* AppleColor Composite IIe
* AppleColor High-Resolution RGB
* Color
* AudioVision 14
* Multiple Scan 14
* ColorSync 750
* Studio Display
* Studio (1998–2004)
* Studio Display (2022)
* Cinema
* Thunderbolt
* Pro Display XDR

Drives|

* Disk II
* Macintosh
* ProFile
* Hard Disk 20
* Hard Disk 20SC
* AppleCD
* PowerCD
* Tape Drive 40SC
* SuperDrive
* USB
* Xserve RAID

Input|

* Desktop Bus
* iPad accessories
* Pencil
* Smart Keyboard
* Magic Keyboard
* iSight
* Keyboards
* Extended
* Adjustable
* Wireless
* Magic

* Mice and trackpads
* USB
* Pro
* Wireless
* Mighty
* Magic Mouse
* Magic Mouse 2
* Magic Trackpad
* Magic Trackpad 2
* Remote
* Siri Remote
* Scanner
* OneScanner

iPod|

* Click Wheel
* Nike+iPod

Networking|

* AirPort
* Express
* Extreme
* Time Capsule
* Apple II serial cards
* USB Modem
* LocalTalk
* Communication Slot
* GeoPort

Printers|

* Silentype
* Dot Matrix Printer
* Letter Quality Printer
* ImageWriter
* LaserWriter
* 410 Color Plotter
* Color LaserWriter
* StyleWriter

Security|

* AirTag

Silicon|

* A series
* A4
* A5
* A5X
* A6
* A6X
* A7
* A8
* A8X
* A9
* A9X
* A10
* A10X
* A11
* A12
* A12X/A12Z
* A13
* A14
* A15
* A16
* M series
* M1
* M2
* S series
* S1
* S1P
* S2
* S3
* S4
* S5
* S6
* S7
* S8
* T series
* T1
* T2

* List of Mac models
* Timeline of Apple Inc. products

* v
* t
* e

Apple Inc.

* History
* Outline
* Timeline of products

Products|

| Hardware|

* iPhone
* Hardware
* History
* TV
* Watch
* AirPods
* Pro
* Max
* AirTag
* Beats
* Pill
* Powerbeats Pro
* HomePod
* Mini
* Silicon

Mac|

* iMac
* Pro
* MacBook
* Air
* Pro
* Mini
* Studio
* Pro

iPod|

* Classic
* Mini
* Nano
* Shuffle
* Touch

iPad|

* Mini
* Air
* Pro
* Accessories

Software|

| Operating
systems|

* iOS / iPadOS
* Devices
* History
* Apps
* macOS
* History
* Server
* tvOS
* watchOS
* bridgeOS
* Darwin
* Classic Mac OS

|

* CarPlay
* Classroom
* HomeKit
* Core Foundation
* Developer Tools
* FileMaker
* Final Cut Pro
* X
* Compressor
* Motion
* Logic Pro
* MainStage
* iLife
* GarageBand
* iMovie
* iPhoto
* iTunes
* iWork
* Keynote
* Numbers
* Pages
* Mail
* QuickTime
* Safari
* Shazam
* Siri
* Swift
* Xcode

Services|

| Financial|

* Card
* Pay
* Wallet

|

Media|

* Arcade
* Books
* Music
* 1
* Beats Music
* Up Next
* Festival
* iTunes Radio
* App
* News
* Newsstand
* Podcasts
* TV
* +
* originals

Communication|

* FaceTime
* Walkie-Talkie
* iMessage
* iChat
* App
* Game Center

Retail and
digital sales|

* App Store
* iOS / iPadOS
* macOS
* tvOS
* iTunes Store
* Connect
* Store
* Fifth Avenue

Support|

* AppleCare+
* AASP
* Certifications
* Genius Bar
* ProCare
* One to One

Other|

* ID
* Sign in with Apple
* One
* Developer
* iAd
* TestFlight
* WWDC
* iCloud
* MobileMe
* Find My
* Fitness
* Photos
* Maps
* Look Around

Companies|

| Subsidiaries|

* Anobit
* Apple IMC
* Apple Studios
* Beats
* Beddit
* Braeburn Capital
* Claris

|

Acquisitions|

* List
* Anobit
* AuthenTec
* Beats
* Beddit
* Cue
* EditGrid
* Emagic
* FingerWorks
* Intrinsity
* InVisage Technologies
* The Keyboard Company
* Lala
* Metaio
* NeXT
* Nothing Real
* P.A. Semi
* PrimeSense
* Shazam Entertainment Limited
* Siri
* Texture
* Topsy

Partnerships|

* AIM alliance
* Kaleida Labs
* Taligent
* Akamai
* Arm
* DiDi
* Digital Ocean
* iFund
* Imagination
* Rockstar Consortium

Related|

* Advertising
* "1984"
* "Think different"
* "Get a Mac"
* iPod
* Product Red
* Ecosystem
* Events
* Headquarters
* Campus
* Park
* University
* Design
* IDg
* Typography
* Book
* History
* Codenames
* Community
* AppleMasters
* Criticism
* Litigation
* FBI encryption dispute
* iOS app approvals
* Worker organizations
* Artistic depictions of Steve Jobs
* Linux
* Asahi Linux
* iPodLinux

People|

| Executives|

| Current|

* Tim Cook (CEO)
* Jeff Williams (COO)
* Luca Maestri (CFO)
* Katherine Adams (General Counsel)
* Eddy Cue
* Craig Federighi
* Isabel Ge Mahe
* John Giannandrea
* Lisa Jackson
* Greg Joswiak
* Deirdre O'Brien
* Dan Riccio
* Phil Schiller
* Johny Srouji

|

Former|

* Michael Scott (CEO)
* Mike Markkula (CEO)
* John Sculley (CEO)
* Michael Spindler (CEO)
* Gil Amelio (CEO)
* Steve Jobs (CEO)
* Jony Ive (CDO)
* Angela Ahrendts
* Fred D. Anderson
* John Browett
* Guerrino De Luca
* Paul Deneve
* Al Eisenstat
* Tony Fadell
* Scott Forstall
* Ellen Hancock
* Nancy R. Heinen
* Ron Johnson
* David Nagel
* Peter Oppenheimer
* Mark Papermaster
* Jon Rubinstein
* Bertrand Serlet
* Bruce Sewell
* Sina Tamaddon
* Avie Tevanian
* Steve Wozniak

Board of
directors|

| Current|

* Arthur D. Levinson (Chairman)
* Tim Cook (CEO)
* James A. Bell
* Alex Gorsky
* Al Gore
* Andrea Jung
* Ronald D. Sugar
* Susan L. Wagner

|

Former|

* Mike Markkula (Chairman)
* John Sculley (Chairman)
* Steve Jobs (Chairman)
* Gil Amelio
* Fred D. Anderson
* Bill Campbell
* Mickey Drexler
* Al Eisenstat
* Larry Ellison
* Robert A. Iger
* Delano Lewis
* Arthur Rock
* Eric Schmidt
* Michael Scott
* Michael Spindler
* Edgar S. Woolard Jr.
* Jerry York

Founders|

* Steve Jobs
* Steve Wozniak
* Ronald Wayne

* Italics indicate discontinued products, services, or defunct companies.

* Category
* Commons

Authority control: National libraries |

* Germany
* Israel
* United States
* Czech Republic

|

*[v]: View this template
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*[e]: Edit this template
*[Obsolete]: Device is discontinued more than 7 years ago and no longer provide hardware support and services from Apple worldwide
*[Vintage]: Device is discontinued between 5 and 7 years ago and hardware support and services provided only on Apple in the United States and Turkey
*[Unsupported]: Discontinued devices that is no longer receiving major OS updates.
*[Discontinued]: Discontinued older device versions, not currently being sold.
*[Current]: Current versions of devices being sold.
*[Upcoming]: Announced device that has yet to be reeased.