Kamala Harris

Vice President of the United States since 2021

Kamala Harris

Official portrait, 2021

49th Vice President of the United States

Incumbent

Assumed office
January 20, 2021
President| Joe Biden
Preceded by| Mike Pence
United States Senator
from California
In office
January 3, 2017 – January 18, 2021
Preceded by| Barbara Boxer
Succeeded by| Alex Padilla
32nd Attorney General of California
In office
January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2017
Governor| Jerry Brown
Preceded by| Jerry Brown
Succeeded by| Xavier Becerra
27th District Attorney of San Francisco
In office
January 8, 2004 – January 3, 2011
Preceded by| Terence Hallinan
Succeeded by| George Gascón
Personal details
Born|

Kamala Devi Harris[a]

(1964-10-20) October 20, 1964 (age 60)
Oakland, California, U.S.
Political party| Democratic
Spouse|

Doug Emhoff

(m. 2014)​

Children| 2 stepchildren, including Ella
Parents|

* Donald J. Harris
* Shyamala Gopalan

Relatives| Harris family
Residence| Number One Observatory Circle
Education|

* Howard University (BA)
* University of California, Hastings College of the Law (JD)

Signature|
Website| Campaign website

Harris' voice

Harris speaks on the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Recorded July 26, 2021

|  |

This article is part of
a series about

Kamala Harris

|

* * *

Personal

* Early life
* Bibliography
* Smart on Crime
* Superheroes Are Everywhere
* The Truths We Hold
* Family
* Political positions
* Public image
* #KHive

* * *

27th District Attorney of San Francisco

* Elections
* 2003
* 2007

* * *

32nd Attorney General of California

* Tenure
* Elections
* 2010
* 2014

* * *

U.S. Senator from California

* 2016 election
* Legislation
* Justice for Victims of Lynching Act
* MORE Act
* Rent Relief Act

* * *

49th Vice President of the United States
Incumbent

* Transition
* Biden administration
* inauguration
* Office of Gun Violence Prevention
* "You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?"

* * *

Vice presidential campaigns

* 2020
* election
* selection
* convention
* debate
* "We did it, Joe!"
* 2024

* * *

Presidential campaigns

* 2020
* primaries
* endorsements
* 2024
* election
* endorsements
* VP selection
* convention
* debates

* * *

* v
* t
* e

Kamala Devi Harris (English: /ˈkɑːmələ ˈdeɪvi/ ⓘ,[1] Tamil: [kɐmɐlaː d̪eːʋi]; born October 20, 1964) is an American politician and attorney who has been the 49th and current vice president of the United States since 2021, serving under President Joe Biden. Harris is the Democratic Party's nominee for president in the 2024 election. She is the first female vice president of the United States, making her the highest-ranking female official in U.S. history. She is also the first African American and first Asian American vice president. From 2017 to 2021, she represented California in the United States Senate. Before that, she was the attorney general of California.

Born in Oakland, California, Harris graduated from Howard University and the University of California, Hastings College of the Law. She began her law career in the office of the district attorney of Alameda County. She was recruited to the San Francisco District Attorney's Office and later to the office of the city attorney of San Francisco. She was elected district attorney of San Francisco in 2003 and attorney general of California in 2010, and reelected as attorney general in 2014. As the San Francisco district attorney and the attorney general of California, Harris was the first woman, the first African American, and the first Asian American to hold each office.

Harris was the junior U.S. senator from California from 2017 to 2021. She won the 2016 Senate election, becoming the second Black woman and first South Asian American U.S. senator. As a senator, Harris advocated for stricter gun control laws, the DREAM Act, federal legalization of cannabis, and reforms to healthcare and taxation. She gained a national profile for her pointed questioning of Trump administration officials during Senate hearings, including Trump's second Supreme Court nominee, Brett Kavanaugh.

Harris sought the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination in 2019, but withdrew from the race before the primaries. Biden selected her as his running mate, and their ticket defeated the incumbent president and vice president, Donald Trump and Mike Pence, in the 2020 election. Presiding over an evenly split Senate upon entering office, Harris played a crucial role as president of the Senate. She cast more tie-breaking votes than any other vice president, which helped pass bills such as the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 stimulus package and the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. After Biden withdrew from the 2024 presidential election, Harris launched her campaign with Biden's endorsement and soon became the presumptive nominee. On August 6, 2024, she chose Tim Walz, the governor of Minnesota, as her running mate.

## Early life and career

[edit]

Main article: Early life and career of Kamala Harris

### Early life and education

[edit]

Harris's childhood home on Bancroft Way in Berkeley

Kamala Devi Harris[a] was born in Oakland, California,[3] on October 20, 1964.[4] Her mother, Shyamala Gopalan, was a biologist who arrived in the United States from India in 1958 to enroll in graduate school in endocrinology at the University of California, Berkeley. A research career of over 40 years followed, during which her work on the progesterone receptor gene led to advances in breast cancer research.[5] Harris's father, Donald J. Harris,[6] is an Afro-Jamaican who arrived in the United States in 1961, also enrolling in UC Berkeley and specializing in development economics. The first Black scholar to be granted tenure at Stanford University's economics department, he now has emeritus status there.[7] Kamala Harris's parents met in 1962 and married in 1963.[8]

The Harris family lived in Berkeley until they moved in 1966, around Kamala's second birthday. They lived for a few years in college towns in the Midwest where her parents held teaching or research positions:[9] Urbana, Illinois (where her sister Maya was born in 1966); Evanston, Illinois; and Madison, Wisconsin.[b][10][9][11] By 1970, the marriage had faltered, and Shyamala moved back to California with her two daughters;[12][13][9] the couple divorced when Kamala was seven.[8] In 1972, Donald Harris accepted a position at Stanford University; Kamala and Maya spent weekends at their father's house in Palo Alto and lived at their mother's house in Berkeley during the week.[14] Shyamala was friends with African-American intellectuals and activists in Oakland and Berkeley.[11] In 1976, she accepted a research position at the McGill University School of Medicine, and moved with her daughters to Montreal, Quebec.[15][16] Harris graduated from Westmount High School in Montreal in 1981.[17]

Harris attended Vanier College in Montreal in 1981-82,[18] and then Howard University, a historically black university in Washington, D.C.[19][20] At Howard, she became a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha, one of the "Divine Nine" historically black sororities.[21] She graduated in 1986 with a degree in political science and economics.[22][23] Harris then attended the University of California, Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco,[24] where she served as president of its chapter of the Black Law Students Association.[25] She graduated with a Juris Doctor in 1989.[26]

### Early career

[edit]

In 1990, Harris was hired as a deputy district attorney in Alameda County, California, where she was described as "an able prosecutor on the way up".[27] In 1994, Speaker of the California Assembly Willie Brown, who was then dating Harris, appointed her to the state Unemployment Insurance Appeals Board and later to the California Medical Assistance Commission.[27] In February 1998, San Francisco district attorney Terence Hallinan recruited Harris as an assistant district attorney.[28] There, she became the chief of the Career Criminal Division, supervising five other attorneys, where she prosecuted homicide, burglary, robbery, and sexual assault cases—particularly three-strikes cases. In August 2000, Harris took a job at San Francisco City Hall, working for city attorney Louise Renne.[29] Harris ran the Family and Children's Services Division, representing child abuse and neglect cases. Renne endorsed Harris during her D.A. campaign.[30]

### San Francisco District Attorney (2002–2011)

[edit]

Harris with future House Speaker Nancy Pelosi in 2004

In 2002, Harris ran for District Attorney of San Francisco,[31] running a "forceful" campaign[32][33] and differentiating herself from Hallinan by attacking his performance.[34] Harris won the election with 56% of the vote, becoming the first person of color elected district attorney of San Francisco.[35] She ran unopposed for a second term in 2007.[36]

Within the first six months of taking office, Harris cleared 27 of 74 backlogged homicide cases.[37] She also pushed for higher bail for criminal defendants involved in gun-related crimes, arguing that historically low bail encouraged outsiders to commit crimes in San Francisco. SFPD officers credited Harris with tightening the loopholes defendants had used in the past.[38] During her campaign, Harris pledged never to seek the death penalty,[39] and kept to this in the cases of a San Francisco Police Department officer, Isaac Espinoza, who was shot and killed in 2004,[40][41] and of Edwin Ramos, an illegal immigrant and alleged MS-13 gang member who was accused of murdering a man and his two sons in 2009.[42][43]

Harris with President Barack Obama in 2009

Harris created a Hate Crimes Unit, focusing on hate crimes against LGBT children and teens in schools,[44] and supported A.B. 1160, the Gwen Araujo Justice for Victims Act.[45] As District Attorney, she created an environmental crimes unit in 2005.[46] Harris expressed support for San Francisco's sanctuary city policy of not inquiring about immigration status in the process of a criminal investigation.[47] In 2004, she created the San Francisco Reentry Division.[48] Over six years, the 200 people graduated from the program had a recidivism rate of less than 10%, compared to the 53% of California's drug offenders who returned to prison within two years of release.[49][50][51]

In 2006, as part of an initiative to reduce the city's homicide rate, Harris led a citywide effort to combat truancy for at-risk elementary school youth in San Francisco.[52] In 2008, declaring chronic truancy a matter of public safety and pointing out that the majority of prison inmates and homicide victims are dropouts or habitual truants,[53] she issued citations against six parents whose children missed at least 50 days of school, the first time San Francisco prosecuted adults for student truancy.[54] Harris's office ultimately prosecuted seven parents in three years, with none jailed.[55] By April 2009, 1,330 elementary school students were habitual or chronic truants, down 23% from 1,730 in 2008, and from 2,517 in 2007 and 2,856 in 2006.[55]

## Attorney General of California (2011–2017)

[edit]

Main article: Kamala Harris's tenure as Attorney General of California

Harris's official Attorney General portrait

Harris was elected attorney general of California in 2010, becoming the first woman, African American, and South Asian American to hold the office in the state's history.[56] She took office on January 3, 2011, and was reelected in 2014.[57] She served until resigning on January 3, 2017, to take her seat in the United States Senate.

In 2010, Harris announced her candidacy for attorney general and was endorsed by prominent California Democrats, including U.S. Senators Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi.[58] She won the Democratic primary and narrowly defeated Republican nominee Steve Cooley in the general election.[59] Her tenure was marked by significant efforts in consumer protection, criminal justice reform, and privacy rights.

In 2014, Harris was reelected, defeating Republican nominee Ronald Gold with 58% of the vote.[57] During her second term, she expanded her focus on consumer protection, securing major settlements against corporations like Quest Diagnostics,[60] JPMorgan Chase,[61] and Corinthian Colleges,[62][63] recovering billions for California consumers. She spearheaded the creation of the Homeowner Bill of Rights to combat aggressive foreclosure practices during the housing crisis, recording multiple nine-figure settlements against mortgage servicers.[64][65] Harris also worked on privacy rights. She collaborated with major tech companies like Apple, Google, and Facebook to ensure that mobile apps disclosed their data-sharing practices.[66][67] She created the Privacy Enforcement and Protection Unit, focusing on cyber privacy and data breaches.[67] California secured settlements with companies like Comcast and Houzz for privacy violations.[68][69]

Harris was instrumental in advancing criminal justice reform. She launched the Division of Recidivism Reduction and Re-Entry and implemented the Back on Track LA program, which provided educational and job training opportunities for nonviolent offenders.[70][71] Despite her focus on reform, Harris faced criticism for defending the state's position in cases involving wrongful convictions[72][72] and for her office's stance on prison labor.[73][74] She continued to advocate for progressive reforms, including banning the gay panic defense in California courts[75][76] and opposing Proposition 8, the state's same-sex marriage ban.[77][78][79]

## U.S. Senator (2017–2021)

[edit]

### Election

[edit]

Main article: 2016 United States Senate election in California

Harris being sworn into the Senate by then vice president Joe Biden in 2017. At center is Harris's husband, Doug Emhoff.

After more than 20 years as a U.S. senator from California, Senator Barbara Boxer announced on January 13, 2015, that she would not run for reelection in 2016.[80] Harris announced her candidacy for the Senate seat the next week.[80] She was a top contender from the beginning of her campaign.[81]

The 2016 California Senate election used California's new top-two primary format, where the top two candidates in the primary advance to the general election regardless of party.[81] On February 27, 2016, Harris won 78% of the California Democratic Party vote at the party convention, allowing her campaign to receive financial support from the party.[82] Three months later, Governor Jerry Brown endorsed her.[83] In the June 7 primary, Harris came in first with 40% of the vote and won with pluralities in most counties.[84] Harris faced representative and fellow Democrat Loretta Sanchez in the general election.[85]

On July 19, President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden endorsed Harris.[86] In the November 2016 election, Harris defeated Sanchez with over 60% of the vote, carrying all but four counties.[87] After her victory, she promised to protect immigrants from the policies of President-elect Donald Trump and announced her intention to remain Attorney General through the end of 2016.[88][89] Harris became the second Black woman and first South Asian American senator in history.[90][91][92]

### Tenure and political positions

[edit]

See also: Political positions of Kamala Harris

As a senator, Harris advocated stricter gun control laws,[93][94] the DREAM Act, federal legalization of cannabis, and healthcare and taxation reforms.[citation needed] She became well known nationally after questioning several Trump appointees, such as Jeff Sessions and Brett Kavanaugh.[95]

#### 2017

[edit]

Harris with DREAMers, 2017

On January 28, after Trump signed Executive Order 13769, barring citizens from several Muslim-majority countries from entering the U.S. for 90 days, she condemned the order and was one of many to call it a "Muslim ban".[96] She called White House Chief of Staff John F. Kelly at home to gather information and push back against the executive order.[97]

In February, Harris spoke in opposition to Trump's cabinet picks Betsy DeVos for secretary of education[98] and Jeff Sessions for United States Attorney General.[99] In early March, she called on Sessions to resign, after it was reported that Sessions, who had previously said he "did not have communications with the Russians", spoke twice with Russian Ambassador to the United States Sergey Kislyak.[100]

In April, Harris voted against the confirmation of Neil Gorsuch to the U.S. Supreme Court.[101] Later that month, she took her first foreign trip to the Middle East, visiting California troops stationed in Iraq and the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan, the largest camp for Syrian refugees.[102]

In June, Harris garnered media attention for her questioning of Rod Rosenstein, the deputy attorney general, over the role he played in the May 2017 firing of James Comey, the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.[103] The prosecutorial nature of her questioning caused Senator John McCain, an ex officio member of the Intelligence Committee, and Senator Richard Burr, the committee chairman, to interrupt her and request that she be more respectful of the witness. A week later, she questioned Jeff Sessions, the attorney general, on the same topic.[104] Sessions said her questioning "makes me nervous".[105] Burr's singling out of Harris sparked suggestions in the news media that his behavior was sexist, with commentators arguing that Burr would not treat a male Senate colleague in a similar manner.[106]

In December, Harris called for the resignation of Senator Al Franken, writing on Twitter, "Sexual harassment and misconduct should not be allowed by anyone and should not occur anywhere."[107]

#### 2018

[edit]

Harris at the 2018 commemorations of Bloody Sunday in Selma, where she was invited to speak by John Lewis (right)[108]

In January, Harris was appointed to the Senate Judiciary Committee after Franken resigned.[109] Later that month, she questioned Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen for favoring Norwegian immigrants over others and for claiming to be unaware that Norway is a predominantly white country.[110][111]

Also in January, Harris and Senators Heidi Heitkamp, Jon Tester, and Claire McCaskill co-sponsored the Border and Port Security Act,[112] legislation to mandate that U.S. Customs and Border Protection "hire, train and assign at least 500 officers per year until the number of needed positions the model identifies is filled" and require the commissioner of Customs and Border Protection to determine potential equipment and infrastructure improvements for ports of entry.[113]

In May, Harris heatedly questioned Nielsen about the Trump administration family separation policy, under which children were separated from their families when their parents were taken into custody for illegally entering the U.S.[114] In June, after visiting one of the detention facilities near the border in San Diego,[115] Harris became the first senator to demand Nielsen's resignation.[116]

In the September and October Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court confirmation hearings, Harris questioned Brett Kavanaugh about a meeting he may have had regarding the Mueller Investigation with a member of Kasowitz Benson Torres, the law firm founded by Donald Trump's personal attorney, Marc Kasowitz. Kavanaugh was unable to answer and repeatedly deflected.[117] Harris also participated in questioning the FBI director's limited scope of the investigation of Kavanaugh regarding allegations of sexual assault.[118] She voted against his confirmation.

Harris was a target of the October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts.[119]

In December, the Senate passed the Justice for Victims of Lynching Act (S. 3178), sponsored by Harris.[120] The bill, which died in the House, would have made lynching a federal hate crime.[121]

#### 2019

[edit]

Harris at the 2019 San Francisco Pride parade

Harris supported busing for desegregation of public schools, saying, "the schools of America are as segregated, if not more segregated, today than when I was in elementary school."[122] She viewed busing as an option to be considered by school districts, rather than the responsibility of the federal government.[123]

Harris was an early co-sponsor of the Green New Deal, a plan to transition the country towards generating 100 percent renewable electricity by 2030.[124]

In March 2019, after Special Counsel Robert Mueller submitted his report on Russian interference in the 2016 election, Harris called for U.S. Attorney General William Barr to testify before Congress in the interests of transparency.[125] Two days later, Barr released a four-page "summary" of the redacted Mueller Report, which was criticized as a deliberate mischaracterization of its conclusions.[126] Later that month, Harris was one of 12 Democratic senators led by Mazie Hirono to sign a letter questioning Barr's decision to offer "his own conclusion that the President's conduct did not amount to obstruction of justice", and called for an investigation into whether Barr's summary of the Mueller Report and his statements at a news conference were misleading.[127]

In April 2019, Harris was one of 34 Senate Democrats and independents to write a letter urging President Trump not to cut aid to El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. The group wrote:[128]

> We encourage you to listen to members of your own Administration and reverse a decision that will damage our national security and aggravate conditions inside Central America....Since taking office, you have consistently expressed a flawed understanding of U.S. foreign assistance. It is neither charity, nor is it a gift to foreign governments. Our national security funding is specifically designed to promote American interests, enhance our collective security, and protect the safety of our citizens... By obstructing the use of [Fiscal Year 2018] national security funding and seeking to terminate similar funding from [Fiscal Year 2017], you are personally undermining efforts to promote U.S. national security and economic prosperity.

On May 1, 2019, Barr testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee.[129] During the hearing, he remained defiant about the misrepresentations in the four-page summary he had released ahead of the full report.[130] When asked by Harris whether he had reviewed the underlying evidence before deciding not to charge Trump with obstruction of justice, Barr admitted that neither he, Rod Rosenstein, nor anyone in his office had reviewed the evidence supporting the report before making the charging decision.[131] Harris later called for Barr to resign, accusing him of refusing to answer her questions because he could open himself up to perjury, and saying his responses disqualified him from serving as U.S. attorney general.[132][133] Two days later, Harris demanded again that the Department of Justice inspector general Michael E. Horowitz investigate whether Barr acceded to pressure from the White House to investigate Trump's political enemies.[134]

Harris with Congressional Black Caucus women in 2019

On May 5, 2019, Harris said "voter suppression" prevented Democrats Stacey Abrams and Andrew Gillum from winning the 2018 gubernatorial elections in Georgia and Florida; Abrams lost by 55,000 votes and Gillum by 32,000. According to election law expert Richard L. Hasen, "I have seen no good evidence that the suppressive effects of strict voting and registration laws affected the outcome of the governor's races in Georgia and Florida."[135]

In July, Harris teamed with Kirsten Gillibrand to urge the Trump administration to investigate the persecution of Uyghurs in China by the Chinese Communist Party; in this question she was joined by Senator Marco Rubio.[136]

In November, Harris called for an investigation into the death of Roxsana Hernández, a transgender woman and immigrant who died in ICE custody.[137][138]

In December, Harris led a group of Democratic senators and civil rights organizations in demanding the removal of White House senior adviser Stephen Miller after emails published by the Southern Poverty Law Center revealed frequent promotion of white nationalist literature to Breitbart website editors.[139]

#### 2020

[edit]

Harris speaks at Donald Trump's first impeachment trial in 2020

Before the opening of the impeachment trial of Donald Trump on January 16, 2020, Harris delivered remarks on the floor of the Senate, stating her views on the integrity of the American justice system and the principle that nobody, including an incumbent president, is above the law. She later asked Senate Judiciary chairman Lindsey Graham to halt all judicial nominations during the impeachment trial, to which Graham acquiesced.[140][141] Harris voted to convict Trump on charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.[142]

Harris worked on bipartisan bills with Republican co-sponsors, including a bail reform bill with Rand Paul,[143] an election security bill with James Lankford,[144] and a workplace harassment bill with Lisa Murkowski.[145]

#### 2021

[edit]

Following her election as Vice President of the United States, Harris resigned from her seat on January 18, 2021,[146] before taking office on January 20, and was replaced by California Secretary of State Alex Padilla.[147]

### Committee assignments

[edit]

While in the Senate, Harris was a member of the following committees:[148]

* Committee on the Budget
* Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
* Subcommittee on Federal Spending Oversight and Emergency Management
* Subcommittee on Regulatory Affairs and Federal Management
* Select Committee on Intelligence
* Committee on the Judiciary[149]
* Subcommittee on the Constitution
* Subcommittee on Oversight, Agency Action, Federal Rights and Federal Courts
* Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology and the Law

### Caucus memberships

[edit]

* Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus[150]
* Congressional Black Caucus[151]
* Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues

## 2020 presidential election

[edit]

### Presidential campaign

[edit]

Main article: Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign

Harris announces her run for the 2020 Democratic nomination for president

Harris had been considered a top contender and potential front-runner for the 2020 Democratic nomination for president.[152] In June 2018, she said she was "not ruling it out".[153] In July 2018, it was announced that she would publish a memoir, a sign of a possible run.[154] On January 21, 2019, Harris officially announced her candidacy for president of the United States in the 2020 presidential election.[155] In the first 24 hours after her announcement, she tied a record set by Bernie Sanders in 2016 for the most donations raised in the day after an announcement.[156][157] More than 20,000 people attended her campaign launch event in her hometown of Oakland, California, on January 27, according to a police estimate.[158]

During the first Democratic presidential debate in June 2019, Harris scolded former vice president Joe Biden for "hurtful" remarks he made, speaking fondly of senators who opposed integration efforts in the 1970s and working with them to oppose mandatory school bussing.[159] Harris's support rose by between six and nine points in polls after that debate.[160] In the second debate in August, Biden and Representative Tulsi Gabbard confronted Harris over her record as attorney general.[161] The San Jose Mercury News assessed that some of Gabbard's and Biden's accusations were on point, such as blocking the DNA testing of a death row inmate, while others did not withstand scrutiny. In the immediate aftermath of the debate, Harris fell in the polls.[162][163] Over the next few months her poll numbers fell to the low single digits.[164][165] Harris faced criticism from reformers for tough-on-crime policies she pursued while she was California's attorney general.[166] In 2014, she defended California's death penalty in court.[167]

Before and during her presidential campaign, an online informal organization using the hashtag #KHive formed to support Harris's candidacy and defend her from racist and sexist attacks.[168][169][170] According to the Daily Dot, Joy Reid first used the term in an August 2017 tweet saying "@DrJasonJohnson @ZerlinaMaxwell and I had a meeting and decided it's called the K-Hive."[171]

On December 3, 2019, Harris withdrew from the 2020 presidential election, citing a shortage of funds.[172] In March 2020, she endorsed Joe Biden for president.[173]

### Vice presidential campaign

[edit]

Main articles: Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign and 2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection

Harris announces her candidacy for vice president, 2020

In May 2019, senior members of the Congressional Black Caucus endorsed the idea of a Biden–Harris ticket.[174] In late February 2020, Biden won a landslide victory in the 2020 South Carolina Democratic primary with the endorsement of House whip Jim Clyburn, with more victories on Super Tuesday. In early March, Clyburn suggested Biden choose a black woman as a running mate, saying, "African American women needed to be rewarded for their loyalty".[175] In March, Biden committed to choosing a woman for his running mate.[176]

On April 17, 2020, Harris responded to media speculation and said she "would be honored" to be Biden's running mate.[177] In late May, in relation to the murder of George Floyd and ensuing protests and demonstrations, Biden faced renewed calls to select a black woman as his running mate, highlighting the law enforcement credentials of Harris and Val Demings.[178]

On June 12, The New York Times reported that Harris was emerging as the front-runner to be Biden's running mate, as she was the only African American woman with the political experience typical of vice presidents.[179] On June 26, CNN reported that more than a dozen people close to the Biden search process considered Harris one of Biden's top four contenders, along with Elizabeth Warren, Val Demings, and Keisha Lance Bottoms.[180]

On August 11, 2020, Biden announced he had chosen Harris.[181] She was the first African American, the first Indian American, and the third woman after Geraldine Ferraro and Sarah Palin to be the vice-presidential nominee on a major-party ticket.[182] Harris is also the first resident of the Western United States to appear on the Democratic Party's national ticket.[183]

Harris became the vice president–elect after Biden won the 2020 presidential election.[184]

## Vice presidency (2021–present)

[edit]

See also: Inauguration of Joe Biden and Presidency of Joe Biden

Harris disembarks Marine Two at Joint Base Andrews, 2021

Harris was sworn in as vice president on 11:40 a.m. on January 20, 2021, by Justice Sonia Sotomayor.[185] She is the United States' first woman vice president, first African-American vice president, and first Asian-American vice president.[186][187][188][189] Harris is the third person with acknowledged non-European ancestry to become president or vice president.[c]

Her first act as vice president was to swear in three new senators: Alex Padilla (her successor in the Senate) and Georgia Senators Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff.[191]

### Senate presidency

[edit]

When Harris took office the 117th Congress's Senate was divided 50–50 between Republicans and Democrats;[192] this meant that she was often called upon to exercise her power to cast tie-breaking votes as president of the Senate. Harris cast her first two tie-breaking votes on February 5. In February and March, Harris's tie-breaking votes were required to pass the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 stimulus package Biden proposed, since no Senate Republicans voted for it.[193][194] On July 20, Harris broke Mike Pence's record for tie-breaking votes in the first year of a vice presidency[195] when she cast the seventh tie-breaking vote in her first six months.[196] She cast 13 tie-breaking votes during her first year in office, the most tie-breaking votes in a single year in U.S. history, surpassing John Adams, who cast 12 in 1790.[196][197] On December 5, 2023, Harris broke the record for the most tie-breaking votes cast by a vice president, casting her 32nd vote, exceeding John C. Calhoun, who cast 31 votes during his nearly eight years in office.[196][198] On November 19, 2021, Harris served as acting president from 10:10 to 11:35 am EST while Biden underwent a colonoscopy.[199] She was the first woman, and the third person overall, to assume the powers and duties of the presidency as acting president of the United States.[200][201][202]

As early as December 2021, Harris was identified as playing a pivotal role in the Biden administration owing to her tie-breaking vote in the evenly divided Senate as well as her being the presumed front-runner in 2024 if Biden did not seek reelection.[203]

### Immigration

[edit]

Harris arrives in Guatemala during her first foreign trip as vice president

On March 24, 2021, Biden assigned Harris to work with Mexico and Northern Triangle nations (El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras) to stem irregular migration to the Mexico–United States border and address the root causes of migration.[204][205] The Root Causes Strategy (RCS) was the product of this effort.[206] Multiple news organizations at the time described Harris as a "border czar",[207][208][209] though Harris rejected the title and never actually held it.[210][211][212][213][214][excessive citations] Republicans and other critics began using the term "border czar" to tie Harris to the Mexico–United States border crisis, including in a July 2024 House resolution, despite her having no authority over the border itself.[215][216][217][218][219][excessive citations]

Harris conducted her first international trip as vice president in June 2021, visiting Guatemala and Mexico in an attempt to address the root causes of an increase in migration from Central America to the United States.[220] During her visit, in a joint press conference with Guatemalan president Alejandro Giammattei, Harris issued an appeal to potential migrants: "I want to be clear to folks in the region who are thinking about making that dangerous trek to the United States-Mexico border: Do not come. Do not come."[221] Her work in Central America led to creation of:

* Task forces on corruption and human trafficking
* The Partnership for Central America[222]
* The women's empowerment program In Her Hands, part of the Partnership for Central America[223]
* Investment funds for housing and businesses[224]

### Foreign policy

[edit]

Vice President Harris at a press conference with Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy

Harris met with French president Emmanuel Macron in November 2021 to strengthen ties after the contentious cancellation of a submarine program.[225] Another meeting was held in November 2022 during Macron's visit to the U.S., resulting in an agreement to strengthen U.S.–France space cooperation across civil, commercial, and national security sectors.[226]

In April 2021, Harris said she was the last person in the room before Biden decided to remove all U.S. troops from Afghanistan, adding that Biden had "an extraordinary amount of courage" and "make[s] decisions based on what he truly believes ... is the right thing to do."[227] National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan said that Biden "insists she be in every core decision-making meeting. She weighs in during those meetings, often providing unique perspectives."[224] Harris assumed a "key diplomatic role" in the Biden administration, particularly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, after which she was dispatched to Germany and Poland to rally support for arming Ukraine and imposing sanctions on Russia.[228]

Harris with Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu at the White House on July 25, 2024

In April 2023, Harris visited Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland with South Korean president Yoon Suk Yeol and agreed to work to strengthen the space alliance between the U.S. and South Korea. "We renew our commitment to strengthen our cooperation in the next frontier of our expanding alliance, and of course that is space," Harris said at a joint news conference with Yoon.[229]

In November 2023, Harris pledged that the Biden administration would place no conditions on U.S. aid to Israel in its war with Hamas in Gaza.[230] In March 2024, she criticized Israel's actions during the Israel–Hamas war, saying, "Given the immense scale of suffering in Gaza, there must be an immediate ceasefire for at least the next six weeks...This will get the hostages out and get a significant amount of aid in."[231]

## 2024 presidential campaign

[edit]

Main article: Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign

Harris and Tim Walz at a 2024 presidential campaign rally in Arizona

In April 2023, incumbent president Joe Biden announced his reelection campaign, with Harris as his running mate. After the Democratic primaries, the pair became the party's presumptive nominees in the 2024 presidential election. Concerns about Biden's age and health persisted throughout Biden's first term, with renewed scrutiny after his performance in the first presidential debate, on June 27. On July 21, 2024, Biden suspended his reelection campaign and endorsed Harris for president.[232] Harris was also endorsed by Jimmy Carter, Bill and Hillary Clinton, Barack and Michelle Obama, the Congressional Black Caucus, and many others.[233][234][235][236] In the first 24 hours of her candidacy, her campaign raised $81 million in small-dollar donations, the highest single-day total of any presidential candidate in history.[237] If elected, Harris would be the first female and first Asian-American president of the United States, and the second African-American president, after Obama.[238] By August 5, Harris had officially secured the nomination via a virtual roll call of delegates.[239][240][241] The next day, she announced Minnesota governor Tim Walz as her vice-presidential running mate.[242] On August 22, the fourth day of the Democratic National Convention, Harris officially accepted the Democratic nomination for president.[243] She participated in a debate with Trump on September 10; it was widely reported that Harris won the debate.[244][245][246][247] On October 30, she delivered a speech at The Ellipse in Washington, D.C. The half-hour address was intended as a "closing argument" for her campaign.[248]

## Political positions

[edit]

Main article: Political positions of Kamala Harris

Harris's domestic platform supports national abortion protections, LGBTQ+ rights, stricter gun control, and limited legislation to address climate change.[249][250][93] On immigration, she supports an earned pathway to citizenship and increases in border security, as well as addressing the root causes of illegal immigration by means of the RCS program.[251][252]

On foreign policy, Harris supports continued military aid to Ukraine and Israel in their respective wars, but insists that Israel should agree to a ceasefire and hostage deal and work toward a two-state solution.[253] She opposes an arms embargo on Israel.[254] Harris has departed from Biden on economic issues, proposing what has been called a "populist" economic agenda.[255][256]

## Personal life

[edit]

See also: Family of Kamala Harris

Vice president Harris and her husband, Second Gentleman Doug Emhoff, in 2024

In the 1990s, Harris dated Willie Brown, Speaker of the California Assembly (1980–1995) and then Mayor of San Francisco (1996–2004).[27] In 2001, she briefly dated talk show host Montel Williams.[257]

Harris met her husband, attorney Doug Emhoff, through a mutual friend who set them up on a blind date in 2013.[258] Emhoff, who was born in a Jewish family, was an entertainment lawyer who became partner-in-charge at Venable LLP's Los Angeles office.[259][258][260] Harris and Emhoff married on August 22, 2014, in Santa Barbara, California.[261] Harris is stepmother to Emhoff's two children, Cole and Ella, from his previous marriage to the film producer Kerstin Emhoff.[262] As of August 2024[update], Harris and her husband had an estimated net worth of $8 million.[263][264]

Harris is a Baptist, holding membership of the Third Baptist Church of San Francisco, a congregation of the American Baptist Churches USA.[265][266][267][268] She is a member of The Links, an invitation-only social and service organization of prominent Black American women.[269][270] Harris is a gun owner.[271]

Harris's sister, Maya, is a lawyer and MSNBC political analyst; her brother-in-law, Tony West, is general counsel of Uber and a former United States Department of Justice senior official.[272] Her niece, Meena, is the founder of the Phenomenal Women Action Campaign and former head of strategy and leadership at Uber.[273]

## Public image

[edit]

Main article: Public image of Kamala Harris

Though the public had an unfavorable view of Harris as vice president, setting a record low,[274] her public image improved after Biden withdrew his candidacy for reelection. Notably, her approval rating rose 13% among Democrats.[275]

Harris quips, "You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?" during a speech on May 10, 2023.

Harris's term as vice president has seen high staff turnover—including the departures of her chief of staff, deputy chief of staff, press secretary, deputy press secretary, communications director, and chief speechwriter[276]—which critics allege reflects dysfunction and demoralization.[228] Axios reported that at least some of the turnover was due to exhaustion from a demanding transition into the new administration, as well as financial and personal considerations.[277] For most of her tenure, Harris had one of the lowest approval ratings of any vice president.[278][279][274] According to a RealClear Politics polling average, a record low of 34.8% of Americans had a favorable view of her in August 2022, but this number rose rapidly after she became the presumptive Democratic presidential nominee in July 2024. Harris had a net favorable rating by September 9.[280]

In 2024, a video clip from 2023 went viral of Harris saying "You think you just fell out of a coconut tree? You exist in the context of all in which you live and what came before you" at a White House event.[281] Since the launch of her 2024 presidential campaign, that and other Harris remarks have been widely shared as memes, resulting in press coverage of her public image.[282][283]

Harris's often boisterous laughter[d] has been called one of her "most defining and most dissected personal traits".[287] She says she got her laugh from her mother.[288]

## Publications

[edit]

Harris has written two nonfiction books and one children's book.

* Harris, Kamala; O'C. Hamilton, Joan (2009). Smart on Crime: A Career Prosecutor's Plan to Make Us Safer. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-0-8118-6528-9.
* Harris, Kamala (January 8, 2019). The Truths We Hold: An American Journey. London: Penguin. ISBN 978-1-9848-8622-4.
* Harris, Kamala (January 8, 2019). Superheroes Are Everywhere. London: Penguin Young Readers Group. ISBN 978-1-9848-3749-3.

## See also

[edit]

* Black women in American politics
* List of African-American United States Cabinet members
* List of African-American United States Senate candidates
* List of African-American United States senators
* List of female state attorneys general in the United States
* List of female United States Cabinet members
* List of female United States presidential and vice presidential candidates
* List of United States politicians of Indian descent
* List of United States senators from California
* Women in the United States Senate

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b Harris was originally named Kamala Iyer Harris by her parents, who two weeks later filed an affidavit by which her middle name was changed to Devi.[2]
2. ^ The schools were University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Northwestern University, Evanston; and University of Wisconsin, Madison.
3. ^ The other two are President Barack Obama, and Charles Curtis, a Native American and member of the Kaw Nation, who was vice president under Herbert Hoover from 1929 to 1933.[190]
4. ^ In terms of its type, it is often described as a cackle or guffaw.[284][285][286] An example of it can be seen in the "coconut tree" video exhibited on the right of this section.

## References

[edit]

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254. ^ "Harris Says She Will Not Impose Stricter Conditions On Weapons For Israel". HuffPost. August 30, 2024. Retrieved September 5, 2024.
255. ^ "Harris breaks from 'Bidenomics' in North Carolina". Politico. August 16, 2024. Archived from the original on August 22, 2024. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
256. ^ "Kamala Harris unveils populist policy agenda, with $6,000 credit for newborns". The Washington Post. August 16, 2024. Archived from the original on August 17, 2024. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
257. ^ "Kamala Harris Once Dated Talk Show Host Montel Williams". Inside Edition. August 8, 2019. Archived from the original on May 18, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
258. ^ a b Wright, Jasmine; Stracqualursi, Veronica (January 15, 2021). "Harris and Emhoff recall first date: 'It felt like we had known each other forever'". CNN. Archived from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2021.
259. ^ Wright, Jasmine (November 20, 2021). "Second family becomes first to affix a mezuzah on executive home'". CNN. Retrieved January 18, 2024.
260. ^ "Douglas C. Emhoff". Venable LLP. Archived from the original on July 6, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
261. ^ Siders, David (August 25, 2014). "Kamala Harris married in Santa Barbara ceremony". The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on August 17, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
262. ^ Harris, Kamala (May 10, 2019). "Sen. Kamala Harris on Being 'Momala'". Elle.com. Archived from the original on August 12, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
263. ^ Khan-Mullins, Kyle (May 26, 2024). "Here's How Much Kamala Harris is Worth". Forbes. Archived from the original on August 22, 2024. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
264. ^ Shah, Simmone (July 23, 2024). "What We Know About Kamala Harris' Net Worth". Time. Archived from the original on August 22, 2024. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
265. ^ Mwaura, Maina (October 28, 2020). "Kamala Harris talks about her own faith and how it might influence a Biden-Harris White House". Religion News Service. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
266. ^ Schor, Elana (August 12, 2020). "Harris brings Baptist, interfaith roots to Democratic ticket". Washington post. Archived from the original on September 3, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
267. ^ Shimron, Yonat (August 12, 2020). "5 faith facts about Biden's veep pick, Kamala Harris – a Baptist with Hindu family". The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on August 12, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
268. ^ "Find A Church". ABCUSA. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
269. ^ "America's black upper class and Black Lives Matter". The Economist. August 22, 2020. Archived from the original on February 7, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2021.
270. ^ Pitts, Myron B. (November 14, 2020). "Myron B. Pitts: Sen. Kamala Harris, VP-elect, shines light on The Links". The Fayetteville Observer. Archived from the original on February 7, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
271. ^ Megerian, Chris (September 10, 2024). "Kamala Harris, gun owner, talks firearms at debate". ABC News. Archived from the original on September 11, 2024. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
272. ^ Shaban, Hamza (October 27, 2017). "Uber hires PepsiCo's Tony West as general counsel". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 28, 2017. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
273. ^ Kratofil, Colleen (June 17, 2020). "Meet Meena Harris, the Designer and Activist Behind the Viral 'Phenomenally Black' T-Shirt". People. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
274. ^ a b Oshin, Olafimihan (June 26, 2023). "Poll: Kamala Harris sets record low for Vice President net favorability". The Hill. Archived from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved June 26, 2023.
275. ^ Brenan, Megan (August 22, 2024). "Democrats Give Harris Nearly Unanimous Positive Ratings". Gallup.com. Retrieved August 23, 2024.
276. ^ Cadelago, Christopher; Lippman, Daniel; Daniels, Eugene (December 4, 2021). "'Not a healthy environment': Kamala Harris' office rife with dissent". Politico. Archived from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
277. ^ McCammond, Alexi; Mucha, Sarah (December 3, 2021). "Burnout, money, fear drive turnover in Harris's office". Axios. Archived from the original on February 21, 2024. Retrieved August 18, 2024.
278. ^ Fossett, Katelyn (November 12, 2021). "What's going on with Kamala's poll numbers?". Politico. Archived from the original on January 31, 2023. Retrieved January 31, 2023.
279. ^ Ting, Eric (November 8, 2021). "Kamala Harris has a comically bad approval rating, poll finds". SFGate. Archived from the original on January 31, 2023. Retrieved January 31, 2023.
280. ^ "Kamala Harris Favorable/Unfavorable Ratings Polls". RealClearPolling. Archived from the original on August 6, 2024. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
281. ^ DeLetter, Emily (July 21, 2024). "'You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?' Kamala Harris meme resurfaces after Biden drops out". USA Today. Archived from the original on July 21, 2024. Retrieved July 22, 2024.
282. ^ Touma, Rafqa; Cassidy, Caitlin (July 22, 2024). "What is the Kamala Harris coconut tree meme and why is everyone sharing it?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on July 31, 2024. Retrieved July 22, 2024.
283. ^ Hess, Amanda (July 23, 2024). "The Triumphant Comeback of the Kamala Harris Meme". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 23, 2024. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
284. ^ Givhan, Robin (July 30, 2024). "Kamala Harris's powerful laughter in the face of weirdness". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 31, 2024. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
285. ^ Ebeledike, Neenma; Bonilla, Emely; Hayempour, Kayla; Branson-Potts, Hailey (July 24, 2024). "Coconuts, 'brat summer' and that laugh: The memeing of Kamala Harris". Archived from the original on July 25, 2024. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
286. ^ Zinoman, Jason (July 28, 2024). "Kamala Harris's Laugh Is a Campaign Issue. Our Comedy Critic Weighs in". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 2, 2024. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
287. ^ Judkis, Maura; Voght, Kara (July 31, 2024). "What's in Kamala Harris's laugh?". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 31, 2024. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
288. ^ Southern, Keiran (April 30, 2024). "Kamala Harris defends 'cackle' derided by her rivals". The Times. Archived from the original on August 2, 2024. Retrieved August 2, 2024.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Johnson-Batiste, Stacey L. (2021). Friends from the Beginning: The Berkeley Village That Raised Kamala and Me. Twelve Books. ISBN 978-1-5387-0748-7.
* Morain, Dan (2021). Kamala's Way. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-3985-0485-1.

## External links

[edit]

Kamala Harris at Wikipedia's sister projects

* Media from Commons
* News from Wikinews
* Quotations from Wikiquote
* Texts from Wikisource
* Data from Wikidata

Library resources about
Kamala Harris

* * *

* Resources in your library
* Resources in other libraries

### Official

[edit]

* Vice President Kamala Harris official website
* Official campaign website
* Senator Kamala D. Harris (2017–2021)

### Other

[edit]

* Books and articles on or by Kamala Harris at Google Scholar
* Appearances on C-SPAN
* Kamala Harris at On the Issues
* Kamala Harris at PolitiFact

* v
* t
* e

Kamala Harris

* 49th Vice President of the United States (2021–present)
* U.S. Senator from California (2017–2021)
* Attorney General of California (2011–2017)
* District Attorney of San Francisco (2004–2011)

Life and politics|

* Early life and career
* California Attorney General tenure
* U.S. Senate career
* Justice for Victims of Lynching Act
* MORE Act
* Rent Relief Act
* Vice presidency
* Biden transition
* White House Office of Gun Violence Prevention
* Political positions

Elections|

| California|

* District attorney
* 2003
* 2007
* Attorney general
* 2010
* 2014
* U.S. Senate
* 2016

|

Vice presidential|

* 2020 campaign
* selection
* convention
* debate
* election
* transition
* 2024 campaign
* Biden withdrawal

Presidential|

* 2020 campaign
* debates
* endorsements
* primaries
* 2024 campaign
* endorsements
* non-political
* political
* congressional legislators
* federal executive officials
* former Trump officials
* international
* sub-national officials
* running mate selection
* convention
* debate
* election
* planned transition

Bibliography|

* Smart on Crime
* Superheroes Are Everywhere
* The Truths We Hold

Public image|

* The 47th
* KHive
* "We did it, Joe!"
* "You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?"

Family|

* P. V. Gopalan (maternal grandfather)
* Shyamala Gopalan (mother)
* Maya Harris (sister)
* Meena Harris (niece)
* Donald J. Harris (father)
* Doug Emhoff (husband)
* Ella Emhoff (stepdaughter)
* Tony West (brother-in-law)

* ← Mike Pence

* Category
* Commons

Offices and distinctions

| Legal offices

Preceded by

Terence Hallinan

|  District Attorney of San Francisco
2004–2011  | Succeeded by

George Gascón

Preceded by

Jerry Brown

|  Attorney General of California
2011–2017  | Succeeded by

Kathleen Kenealy
Acting

Party political offices
Preceded by

Barbara Boxer

|  Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from California
(Class 3)
2016 | Succeeded by

Alex Padilla

Preceded by

Tim Kaine

|  Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States
2020 | Succeeded by

Tim Walz

Preceded by

Joe Biden

|  Democratic nominee for President of the United States
2024 | Most recent
U.S. Senate
Preceded by

Barbara Boxer

|  U.S. Senator (Class 3) from California
2017–2021
Served alongside: Dianne Feinstein | Succeeded by

Alex Padilla

Political offices
Preceded by

Mike Pence

|  Vice President of the United States
2021–present  | Incumbent
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by

Joe Biden

as President  |  Second in order
as Vice President of the United States | Followed by

Relevant state governor

U.S. presidential line of succession
First  |  First in line
as Vice President of the United States | Succeeded by

Mike Johnson

as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives

Articles related to Kamala Harris

* v
* t
* e

Vice presidents of the United States

1. John Adams (1789–1797)
2. Thomas Jefferson (1797–1801)
3. Aaron Burr (1801–1805)
4. George Clinton (1805–1812)
5. Elbridge Gerry (1813–1814)
6. Daniel D. Tompkins (1817–1825)
7. John C. Calhoun (1825–1832)
8. Martin Van Buren (1833–1837)
9. Richard M. Johnson (1837–1841)
10. John Tyler (1841)
11. George M. Dallas (1845–1849)
12. Millard Fillmore (1849–1850)
13. William R. King (1853)
14. John C. Breckinridge (1857–1861)
15. Hannibal Hamlin (1861–1865)
16. Andrew Johnson (1865)
17. Schuyler Colfax (1869–1873)
18. Henry Wilson (1873–1875)
19. William A. Wheeler (1877–1881)
20. Chester A. Arthur (1881)
21. Thomas A. Hendricks (1885)
22. Levi P. Morton (1889–1893)
23. Adlai Stevenson (1893–1897)
24. Garret Hobart (1897–1899)
25. Theodore Roosevelt (1901)
26. Charles W. Fairbanks (1905–1909)
27. James S. Sherman (1909–1912)
28. Thomas R. Marshall (1913–1921)
29. Calvin Coolidge (1921–1923)
30. Charles G. Dawes (1925–1929)
31. Charles Curtis (1929–1933)
32. John N. Garner (1933–1941)
33. Henry A. Wallace (1941–1945)
34. Harry S. Truman (1945)
35. Alben W. Barkley (1949–1953)
36. Richard Nixon (1953–1961)
37. Lyndon B. Johnson (1961–1963)
38. Hubert Humphrey (1965–1969)
39. Spiro Agnew (1969–1973)
40. Gerald Ford (1973–1974)
41. Nelson Rockefeller (1974–1977)
42. Walter Mondale (1977–1981)
43. George H. W. Bush (1981–1989)
44. Dan Quayle (1989–1993)
45. Al Gore (1993–2001)
46. Dick Cheney (2001–2009)
47. Joe Biden (2009–2017)
48. Mike Pence (2017–2021)
49. Kamala Harris (2021–present)

* Category
* Commons
* List

* v
* t
* e

Order of precedence in the United States*

* President Joe Biden

* Vice President Kamala Harris
* Governor (of the state in which the event is held)
* House Speaker Mike Johnson
* Chief Justice John Roberts
* Former President Jimmy Carter
* Former President Bill Clinton
* Former President George W. Bush
* Former President Barack Obama
* Former President Donald Trump
* Former Vice President Dan Quayle
* Former Vice President Al Gore
* Former Vice President Dick Cheney
* Former Vice President Mike Pence
* Ambassadors of the United States
* Secretary of State Antony Blinken
* Associate Justices
* Retired Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy
* Retired Associate Justice David Souter
* Retired Associate Justice Stephen Breyer
* Members of the Cabinet
* Senate President pro tempore Patty Murray
* Members of the Senate
* Governors of the States (by order of statehood)
* Members of the House of Representatives

*not including acting officeholders, visiting dignitaries, auxiliary executive and military personnel and most diplomats

* v
* t
* e

Presidential line of succession in the United States of America

* Vice President (Kamala Harris)
* Speaker of the House of Representatives (Mike Johnson)
* President pro tempore of the Senate (Patty Murray)
* Secretary of State (Antony Blinken)
* Secretary of the Treasury (Janet Yellen)
* Secretary of Defense (Lloyd Austin)
* Attorney General (Merrick Garland)
* Secretary of the Interior (Deb Haaland)
* Secretary of Agriculture (Tom Vilsack)
* Secretary of Commerce (Gina Raimondo)
* Secretary of Labor (Julie Su (acting)**)
* Secretary of Health and Human Services (Xavier Becerra)
* Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (Adrianne Todman (acting)**)
* Secretary of Transportation (Pete Buttigieg)
* Secretary of Energy (Jennifer Granholm*)
* Secretary of Education (Miguel Cardona)
* Secretary of Veterans Affairs (Denis McDonough)
* Secretary of Homeland Security (Alejandro Mayorkas*)

* Ineligible to act as president • ** Ambiguity exists concerning eligibility to act as president

* v
* t
* e

Cabinet of President Joe Biden (2021–present)

Cabinet

Vice President|

* Kamala Harris (2021–present)

Secretary of State|

* Antony Blinken (2021–present)

Secretary of the Treasury|

* Janet Yellen (2021–present)

Secretary of Defense|

* Lloyd Austin (2021–present)

Attorney General|

* Merrick Garland (2021–present)

Secretary of the Interior|

* Deb Haaland (2021–present)

Secretary of Agriculture|

* Tom Vilsack (2021–present)

Secretary of Commerce|

* Gina Raimondo (2021–present)

Secretary of Labor|

* Marty Walsh (2021–2023)
* Julie Su (acting) (2023–present)

Secretary of Health and Human Services|

* Xavier Becerra (2021–present)

Secretary of Housing and Urban Development|

* Marcia Fudge (2021–2024)
* Adrianne Todman (acting) (2024–present)

Secretary of Transportation|

* Pete Buttigieg (2021–present)

Secretary of Energy|

* Jennifer Granholm (2021–present)

Secretary of Education|

* Miguel Cardona (2021–present)

Secretary of Veterans Affairs|

* Denis McDonough (2021–present)

Secretary of Homeland Security|

* Alejandro Mayorkas (2021–present)

Cabinet-level

Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency|

* Michael S. Regan (2021–present)

Director of the Office of Management and Budget|

* Shalanda Young (2021–present)

Director of National Intelligence|

* Avril Haines (2021–present)

Director of the Central Intelligence Agency|

* William J. Burns (2023–present)

Trade Representative|

* Katherine Tai (2021–present)

Ambassador to the United Nations|

* Linda Thomas-Greenfield (2021–present)

Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers|

* Cecilia Rouse (2021–2023)
* Jared Bernstein (2023–present)

Administrator of the Small Business Administration|

* Isabel Guzman (2021–present)

Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy|

* Eric Lander (2021–2022)
* Arati Prabhakar (2022–present)

White House Chief of Staff|

* Ron Klain (2021–2023)
* Jeff Zients (2023–present)

See also: Political appointments by Joe Biden

* v
* t
* e

Members of the Cabinet of the United States

Cabinet members|

* Biden
* Harris

* Austin
* Becerra
* Blinken
* Buttigieg
* Cardona
* Garland
* Granholm
* Haaland
* Mayorkas
* McDonough
* Raimondo
* Sua
* Todmana
* Vilsack
* Yellen

Cabinet-level members|

* Bernstein
* Burns
* Guzman
* Haines
* Prabhakar
* Regan
* Tai
* Thomas-Greenfield
* Young
* Zients

a acting
Cabinet of Joe Biden

* v
* t
* e

Leadership of the United States Senate

President: Kamala Harris (D)
President pro tempore: Patty Murray (D)

| Majority (Democratic)| Minority (Republican)

|

* Chuck Schumer (Leader and Caucus Chair)
* Dick Durbin (Whip)
* Debbie Stabenow (Policy/Communications Committee Chair)
* Amy Klobuchar (Steering Committee Chair)
* Mark Warner and Elizabeth Warren (Caucus Vice Chairs)
* Bernie Sanders (Outreach Chair)
* Cory Booker and Joe Manchin (Policy/Communications Committee Vice Chairs)
* Tammy Baldwin (Caucus Secretary)
* Gary Peters (Campaign Committee Chair)
* Catherine Cortez Masto (Outreach Vice Chair)
* Brian Schatz (Caucus Deputy Secretary)
* Jeff Merkley (Chief Deputy Whip)

* Mitch McConnell (Leader)
* John Thune (Whip)
* John Barrasso (Conference Chair)
* Joni Ernst (Policy Committee Chair)
* Shelley Moore Capito (Conference Vice Chair)
* Steve Daines (Campaign Committee Chair)
* Mike Lee (Steering Committee Chair)
* Mike Crapo (Chief Deputy Whip)
* Chuck Grassley (Senate President pro tempore emeritus)

* v
* t
* e

(← 2016) 2020 United States presidential election (2024 →)

Joe Biden, Kamala Harris (D), 306 electoral votes; Donald Trump, Mike Pence (R), 232 electoral votes

* 2020 United States elections
* Polls
* national
* state
* Predictions
* Timeline
* Debates
* Postal voting
* Social media
* Fundraising
* Electors
* Electoral College vote count
* Transition
* inauguration

| Democratic Party
▌IPO · ▌WFP|

* Primaries
* Candidates
* Debates
* Forums
* Results
* Convention (automatic delegates)
* Polls (national · state)
* Positions
* Endorsements
* VP candidate selection
* Unity Task Forces

Candidates|

* Nominee: Joe Biden
* campaign
* endorsements
* celebrity
* organizations
* Congress
* state & territorial officials
* municipal officials
* positions
* VP nominee: Kamala Harris
* positions

Withdrew during primaries
Michael Bennet
Michael Bloomberg

campaign
endorsements
positions
Pete Buttigieg

campaign
endorsements
positions
Tulsi Gabbard

campaign
positions
Amy Klobuchar

campaign
endorsements
positions
Deval Patrick
Bernie Sanders

campaign
endorsements
positions
media coverage
Tom Steyer
Elizabeth Warren

campaign
endorsements
positions
Andrew Yang

campaign
endorsements

Withdrew before primaries
Cory Booker

campaign
endorsements
positions
Steve Bullock
Julian Castro
Bill de Blasio
John Delaney

campaign
positions
Kirsten Gillibrand

positions
Ben Gleib
Mike Gravel

campaign
Kamala Harris

campaign
endorsements
positions
John Hickenlooper
Jay Inslee

campaign
Wayne Messam
Seth Moulton
Richard Ojeda
Beto O'Rourke

campaign
Tim Ryan
Joe Sestak
Eric Swalwell
Marianne Williamson

campaign

Republican Party
▌CPNYS · ▌RTLP|

* Primaries
* Results
* Debates
* Convention
* Polls

Candidates|

Incumbent nominee
Donald Trump

campaign
endorsements

political
non-political
positions
GOP opposition
GOP reactions to fraud claims
Incumbent VP nominee: Mike Pence

Withdrew during primaries
Rocky De La Fuente
Bob Ely
Jack Fellure
Zoltan Istvan
Joe Walsh

campaign
Bill Weld

campaign

Withdrew before primaries
Mark Sanford

campaign

Libertarian Party|

* Primaries
* Results
* Convention

Candidates|

Nominee
Jo Jorgensen

campaign
endorsements
VP nominee: Spike Cohen

Eliminated in balloting
Jim Gray
Adam Kokesh
John McAfee
John Monds
Vermin Supreme

campaign

Withdrew before or during primaries
Max Abramson
Lincoln Chafee
Zoltan Istvan

Formed exploratory committee but did not run
Justin Amash

Green Party
▌LMN · ▌SA · ▌SPUSA|

* Primaries
* Results
* Debates
* Convention

Candidates|

* Nominee: Howie Hawkins
* campaign
* endorsements
* VP nominee: Angela Walker

Withdrew during primaries
Dario Hunter

Other candidates
Jesse Ventura

Constitution Party|

* Primaries
* Nominee: Don Blankenship

Other third-party candidates

Alliance Party
▌AIP · ▌Reform|

* Nominee: Rocky De La Fuente
* VP nominee: Darcy Richardson
* AIP VP nominee: Kanye West

Other candidates
Max Abramson
Phil Collins

American Solidarity Party|

* Nominee: Brian T. Carroll

Other candidates
Joe Schriner

Birthday Party|

* Nominee: Kanye West
* campaign
* positions

Bread and Roses|

* Nominee: Jerome Segal

Party for Socialism & Liberation
▌LUP · ▌PFP|

* Nominee: Gloria La Riva
* VP nominee: Leonard Peltier (withdrew)

* Other candidates: Howie Hawkins

Progressive Party|

* Nominee: Dario Hunter

Prohibition Party|

* Nominee: Phil Collins

Socialist Action|

* Nominee: Jeff Mackler

Socialist Equality Party|

* Nominee: Joseph Kishore

Socialist Workers Party|

* Nominee: Alyson Kennedy

Independent candidates|

Declared
Pete Accetturo
Mark Charles
Brock Pierce (▌IPNY nominee)
Jade Simmons
Joe Schriner

Withdrew
Perry Caravello
Jeremy Gable

Disputes

Attempts to overturn|

* Protests
* during inauguration week
* U.S. Capitol attack
* timeline
* aftermath
* second impeachment of Donald Trump
* trial
* January 6 commission
* reactions
* domestic
* international
* Trump fake electors plot
* Arizona
* Georgia
* Michigan
* Trump–Raffensperger phone call
* Eastman memos

Lawsuits|

* Filed before Election Day
* Filed during or after Election Day
* Arizona
* Georgia
* Michigan
* Nevada
* Pennsylvania
* Wisconsin
* Texas v. Pennsylvania
* Four Seasons Total Landscaping press conference

Controversies|

* Russian interference
* Voting restrictions

* v
* t
* e

(← 2020) 2024 United States presidential election (2028 →)

* 2024 United States elections
* Polls
* national
* state
* Timeline
* Debates
* Fundraising
* Ballot access
* Interference
* Chinese
* Iranian
* Russian
* Inauguration

Democratic Party
▌WFP|

* Primaries
* Candidates
* Debates and forums
* Results
* Convention
* Polls
* VP candidate selection
* Protest votes

Candidates|

* Nominee: Kamala Harris
* campaign
* endorsements
* political
* non-political
* Haley Voters for Harris
* White Dudes for Harris
* positions
* VP nominee: Tim Walz

Withdrew after primaries
Joe Biden

campaign
endorsements
opposition
positions
withdrawal
Marianne Williamson

campaign

Withdrew during primaries
Jason Palmer
Dean Phillips

campaign
Vermin Supreme
Cenk Uygur

Withdrew before primaries
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
Jerome Segal

Republican Party
▌CPNYS|

* Primaries
* Candidates
* Debates and forums
* Results
* Convention
* logistics
* Polls
* national
* state
* Endorsements
* VP candidate selection

Candidates|

* Nominee: Donald Trump
* campaign
* eligibility
* Trump v. Anderson
* endorsements
* political
* non-political
* opposition
* positions
* VP nominee: JD Vance
* positions

Withdrew during primaries
Ryan Binkley
John Anthony Castro
Ron DeSantis

campaign
endorsements
positions
Nikki Haley

campaign
endorsements
positions
Asa Hutchinson

campaign
E. W. Jackson
Vivek Ramaswamy

campaign
Sam Sloan

Withdrew before primaries
Doug Burgum

campaign
Chris Christie

campaign
Larry Elder
Will Hurd
Perry Johnson
Steve Laffey
Mike Pence

campaign
positions
Tim Scott

campaign
Corey Stapleton
Francis Suarez

Libertarian Party|

* Primaries
* Convention

Candidates|

* Nominee: Chase Oliver
* campaign
* VP nominee: Mike ter Maat

Eliminated in balloting
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
Art Olivier
Michael Rectenwald
Mike ter Maat

Withdrew before primaries
Joe Exotic

Other candidates
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (LPCO · LPNH)

Green Party|

* Primaries
* Convention

Candidates|

* Nominee: Jill Stein
* campaign
* endorsements
* VP nominee: Butch Ware

Withdrew after primaries
Randy Toler

Withdrew before primaries
Emanuel Pastreich
Cornel West

Independent
▌GMPJ · ▌NLMN · ▌OPP
▌SA · ▌UCP · ▌UPC|

* Candidate: Cornel West
* campaign
* Running mate: Melina Abdullah

Independent (withdrawn)
▌AP · ▌AIP · ▌IPoD
▌NLP · ▌RPUSA|

* Candidate: Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
* campaign
* Reform Convention
* Running mate: Nicole Shanahan

Other third-party candidates

American Solidarity Party|

* Nominee: Peter Sonski
* campaign

Other candidates
Joe Schriner

Constitution Party|

Convention

* Nominee: Randall Terry
* campaign
* VP nominee: Stephen Broden

Other candidates
Joel Skousen

Independent American Party|

* Nominee: Joel Skousen

Legal Marijuana Now Party|

Primary

* Nominee: Dennis Schuller
* VP nominee: Rudy Reyes

Other candidates
Ed Forchion
Krystal Gabel
Rudy Reyes
Vermin Supreme

Liberal Party USA|

* Nominee: Laura Ebke

Pirate Party|

* Nominee: Vermin Supreme

Party Party|

* Nominee: Robby Wells

Party for Socialism & Liberation
▌PFP · ▌SCW|

* Nominee: Claudia De la Cruz
* campaign

Socialist Equality Party|

* Nominee: Joseph Kishore
* VP nominee: Jerry White

Socialist Workers Party|

* Nominee: Rachele Fruit

Unity Party of America|

* Nominee: Paul Noel Fiorino

Other independent candidates|

Declared
Shiva Ayyadurai
Johnny Buss
Joseph "Afroman" Foreman
Tom Hoefling
Taylor Marshall
Emanuel Pastreich

Withdrew
Krist Novoselic
Kanye West

campaign
positions

Disputes

Controversies|

* Republican Party efforts to disrupt the 2024 United States presidential election
* Election denial

* v
* t
* e

United States senators from California

Class 1|

* Frémont
* Weller
* Broderick
* Haun
* Latham
* Conness
* Casserly
* Hager
* Booth
* Miller
* Hearst
* Williams
* Hearst
* Felton
* White
* Bard
* Flint
* Works
* Johnson
* Knowland
* Engle
* Salinger
* Murphy
* Tunney
* Hayakawa
* Wilson
* Seymour
* Feinstein
* Butler

Class 3|

* Gwin
* McDougall
* Cole
* Sargent
* Farley
* Stanford
* Perkins
* Phelan
* Shortridge
* McAdoo
* Storke
* Downey
* Nixon
* Kuchel
* Cranston
* Boxer
* Harris
* Padilla

* v
* t
* e

California's delegation(s) to the 115th–117th United States Congress (ordered by seniority)

| 115th |

Senate:

* ▌D. Feinstein (D)
* ▌K. Harris (D)

House:

* ▌N. Pelosi (D)
* ▌D. Rohrabacher (R)
* ▌M. Waters (D)
* ▌X. Becerra (D)
* ▌K. Calvert (R)
* ▌A. Eshoo (D)
* ▌L. Roybal-Allard (D)
* ▌E. Royce (R)
* ▌Z. Lofgren (D)
* ▌B. Sherman (D)
* ▌B. Lee (D)
* ▌G. Napolitano (D)
* ▌M. Thompson (D)
* ▌S. Davis (D)
* ▌D. Issa (R)
* ▌A. Schiff (D)
* ▌D. Nunes (R)
* ▌L. Sánchez (D)
* ▌J. Costa (D)
* ▌D. Matsui (D)
* ▌K. McCarthy (R)
* ▌J. McNerney (D)
* ▌J. Speier (D)
* ▌D. D. Hunter (R)
* ▌T. McClintock (R)
* ▌J. Chu (D)
* ▌J. Garamendi (D)
* ▌K. Bass (D)
* ▌J. Denham (R)
* ▌A. Bera (D)
* ▌J. Brownley (D)
* ▌T. Cárdenas (D)
* ▌P. Cook (R)
* ▌J. Huffman (D)
* ▌D. LaMalfa (R)
* ▌A. Lowenthal (D)
* ▌S. Peters (D)
* ▌R. Ruiz (D)
* ▌E. Swalwell (D)
* ▌M. Takano (D)
* ▌D. Valadao (R)
* ▌J. Vargas (D)
* ▌P. Aguilar (D)
* ▌M. DeSaulnier (D)
* ▌S. Knight (R)
* ▌T. Lieu (D)
* ▌N. Torres (D)
* ▌M. Walters (R)
* ▌N. Barragán (D)
* ▌S. Carbajal (D)
* ▌L. Correa (D)
* ▌R. Khanna (D)
* ▌J. Panetta (D)
* ▌J. Gomez (D)

|
|

116th |

Senate:

* ▌D. Feinstein (D)
* ▌K. Harris (D)

House:

* ▌N. Pelosi (D)
* ▌M. Waters (D)
* ▌K. Calvert (R)
* ▌A. Eshoo (D)
* ▌L. Roybal-Allard (D)
* ▌Z. Lofgren (D)
* ▌B. Sherman (D)
* ▌B. Lee (D)
* ▌G. Napolitano (D)
* ▌M. Thompson (D)
* ▌S. Davis (D)
* ▌A. Schiff (D)
* ▌D. Nunes (R)
* ▌L. Sánchez (D)
* ▌J. Costa (D)
* ▌D. Matsui (D)
* ▌K. McCarthy (R)
* ▌J. McNerney (D)
* ▌J. Speier (D)
* ▌D. D. Hunter (R)
* ▌T. McClintock (R)
* ▌J. Chu (D)
* ▌J. Garamendi (D)
* ▌K. Bass (D)
* ▌A. Bera (D)
* ▌J. Brownley (D)
* ▌T. Cárdenas (D)
* ▌P. Cook (R)
* ▌J. Huffman (D)
* ▌D. LaMalfa (R)
* ▌A. Lowenthal (D)
* ▌S. Peters (D)
* ▌R. Ruiz (D)
* ▌E. Swalwell (D)
* ▌M. Takano (D)
* ▌J. Vargas (D)
* ▌P. Aguilar (D)
* ▌M. DeSaulnier (D)
* ▌T. Lieu (D)
* ▌N. Torres (D)
* ▌N. Barragán (D)
* ▌S. Carbajal (D)
* ▌L. Correa (D)
* ▌R. Khanna (D)
* ▌J. Panetta (D)
* ▌J. Gomez (D)
* ▌G. Cisneros (D)
* ▌T. J. Cox (D)
* ▌J. Harder (D)
* ▌K. Hill (D)
* ▌M. Levin (D)
* ▌K. Porter (D)
* ▌H. Rouda (D)
* ▌M. Garcia (R)

117th |

Senate:

* ▌D. Feinstein (D)
* ▌K. Harris (D)

* ▌A. Padilla (D)

House:

* ▌N. Pelosi (D)
* ▌M. Waters (D)
* ▌K. Calvert (R)
* ▌A. Eshoo (D)
* ▌L. Roybal-Allard (D)
* ▌Z. Lofgren (D)
* ▌B. Sherman (D)
* ▌B. Lee (D)
* ▌G. Napolitano (D)
* ▌M. Thompson (D)
* ▌A. Schiff (D)
* ▌D. Nunes (R)
* ▌L. Sánchez (D)
* ▌D. Issa (R)
* ▌J. Costa (D)
* ▌D. Matsui (D)
* ▌K. McCarthy (R)
* ▌J. McNerney (D)
* ▌J. Speier (D)
* ▌T. McClintock (R)
* ▌J. Chu (D)
* ▌J. Garamendi (D)
* ▌K. Bass (D)
* ▌A. Bera (D)
* ▌J. Brownley (D)
* ▌T. Cárdenas (D)
* ▌J. Huffman (D)
* ▌D. LaMalfa (R)
* ▌A. Lowenthal (D)
* ▌S. Peters (D)
* ▌R. Ruiz (D)
* ▌E. Swalwell (D)
* ▌M. Takano (D)
* ▌J. Vargas (D)
* ▌P. Aguilar (D)
* ▌M. DeSaulnier (D)
* ▌T. Lieu (D)
* ▌N. Torres (D)
* ▌D. Valadao (R)
* ▌N. Barragán (D)
* ▌S. Carbajal (D)
* ▌L. Correa (D)
* ▌R. Khanna (D)
* ▌J. Panetta (D)
* ▌J. Gomez (D)
* ▌J. Harder (D)
* ▌M. Levin (D)
* ▌K. Porter (D)
* ▌M. Garcia (R)
* ▌S. Jacobs (D)
* ▌Y. Kim (R)
* ▌J. Obernolte (R)
* ▌M. Steel (R)
* ▌C. Conway (R)

* v
* t
* e

Democratic Party

* History
* Second Party System
* Third Party System
* Fourth Party System
* Fifth Party System
* Sixth Party System

National
conventions,
presidential
tickets,
and
presidential
primaries|

* 1828 (None): Jackson/Calhoun
* 1832 (Baltimore): Jackson/Van Buren
* 1835 (Baltimore): Van Buren/R. Johnson
* 1840 (Baltimore): Van Buren/None
* 1844 (Baltimore): Polk/Dallas
* 1848 (Baltimore): Cass/Butler
* 1852 (Baltimore): Pierce/King
* 1856 (Cincinnati): Buchanan/Breckinridge
* 1860 (Charleston/Baltimore): Douglas/H. Johnson (Breckinridge/Lane, SD)
* 1864 (Chicago): McClellan/Pendleton
* 1868 (New York): Seymour/Blair
* 1872 (Baltimore): Greeley/Brown
* 1876 (Saint Louis): Tilden/Hendricks
* 1880 (Cincinnati): Hancock/English
* 1884 (Chicago): Cleveland/Hendricks
* 1888 (Saint Louis): Cleveland/Thurman
* 1892 (Chicago): Cleveland/Stevenson I
* 1896 (Chicago): W. Bryan/Sewall
* 1900 (Kansas City): W. Bryan/Stevenson I
* 1904 (Saint Louis): Parker/H. Davis
* 1908 (Denver): W. Bryan/Kern
* 1912 (Baltimore): Wilson/Marshall
* primaries
* 1916 (Saint Louis): Wilson/Marshall
* primaries
* 1920 (San Francisco): Cox/Roosevelt
* primaries
* 1924 (New York): J. Davis/C. Bryan
* primaries
* 1928 (Houston): Smith/Robinson
* primaries
* 1932 (Chicago): Roosevelt/Garner
* primaries
* 1936 (Philadelphia): Roosevelt/Garner
* primaries
* 1940 (Chicago): Roosevelt/Wallace
* primaries
* 1944 (Chicago): Roosevelt/Truman
* primaries
* 1948 (Philadelphia): Truman/Barkley
* primaries
* 1952 (Chicago): Stevenson II/Sparkman
* primaries
* 1956 (Chicago): Stevenson II/Kefauver
* primaries
* 1960 (Los Angeles): Kennedy/L. Johnson
* primaries
* 1964 (Atlantic City): L. Johnson/Humphrey
* primaries
* 1968 (Chicago): Humphrey/Muskie
* primaries
* 1972 (Miami Beach): McGovern/(Eagleton, Shriver)
* primaries
* 1976 (New York): Carter/Mondale
* primaries
* 1980 (New York): Carter/Mondale
* primaries
* 1984 (San Francisco): Mondale/Ferraro
* primaries
* 1988 (Atlanta): Dukakis/Bentsen
* primaries
* 1992 (New York): B. Clinton/Gore
* primaries
* 1996 (Chicago): B. Clinton/Gore
* primaries
* 2000 (Los Angeles): Gore/Lieberman
* primaries
* 2004 (Boston): Kerry/Edwards
* primaries
* 2008 (Denver): Obama/Biden
* primaries
* 2012 (Charlotte): Obama/Biden
* primaries
* 2016 (Philadelphia): H. Clinton/Kaine
* primaries
* 2020 (Milwaukee/other locations): Biden/Harris
* primaries
* 2024 (Chicago): Harris/Walz
* primaries

Presidential
administrations|

* Jackson (1829–1837)
* Van Buren (1837–1841)
* Polk (1845–1849)
* Pierce (1853–1857)
* Buchanan (1857–1861)
* A. Johnson (1868–1869)
* Cleveland (1885–1889; 1893–1897)
* Wilson (1913–1921)
* Roosevelt (1933–1941; 1941–1945)
* Truman (1945–1953)
* Kennedy (1961–1963)
* L. B. Johnson (1963–1969)
* Carter (1977–1981)
* Clinton (1993–2001)
* Obama (2009–2017)
* Biden (2021–)

U.S. House
leaders,
Speakers,
and
Caucus
chairs|

* A. Stevenson (1827–1834)
* Bell (1834–1835)
* Polk (1835–1839)
* J. W. Jones (1843–1845)
* Davis (1845–1847)
* Cobb (1849–1851)
* Boyd (1851–1855)
* G. W. Jones (1855–1857)
* Orr (1857–1859)
* Houston (1859–1861)
* Niblack/Randall (1869–1871)
* Niblack (1873–1875)
* Kerr (1875–1876)
* Randall (1876–1881)
* Carlisle (1883–1889)
* Holman (1889–1891)
* Crisp (1891–1895)
* D. B. Culberson (1895–1897)
* Richardson (1897–1903)
* Williams (1903–1909)
* Clark (1909–1921)
* Kitchin (1921–1923)
* Garrett (1923–1929)
* Garner (1929–1933)
* Rainey (1933–1934)
* Byrns (1935–1936)
* Bankhead (1936–1940)
* Rayburn (1940–1961)
* McCormack (1962–1971)
* Albert (1971–1977)
* O'Neill (1977–1987)
* Wright (1987–1989)
* Foley (1989–1995)
* Gephardt (1995–2003)
* Pelosi (2003–2023)
* Jeffries (2023–)

U.S. Senate
leaders
and
Caucus
chairs|

* J. W. Stevenson (1873–1877)
* Wallace (1877–1881)
* Pendleton (1881–1885)
* Beck (1885–1890)
* Gorman (1890–1898)
* Turpie (1898–1899)
* J. K. Jones (1899–1903)
* Gorman (1903–1906)
* Blackburn (1906–1907)
* C. A. Culberson (1907–1909)
* Money (1909–1911)
* Martin (1911–1913)
* Kern (1913–1917)
* Martin (1917–1919)
* Hitchcock (1919–1920)
* Underwood (1920–1923)
* Robinson (1923–1937)
* Barkley (1937–1949)
* Lucas (1949–1951)
* McFarland (1951–1953)
* Johnson (1953–1961)
* Mansfield (1961–1977)
* Byrd (1977–1989)
* Mitchell (1989–1995)
* Daschle (1995–2005)
* Reid (2005–2017)
* Schumer (2017–)

Chairs of
the DNC|

* Hallett
* McLane
* Smalley
* Belmont
* Schell
* Hewitt
* Barnum
* Brice
* Harrity
* Jones
* Taggart
* Mack
* McCombs
* McCormick
* Cummings
* White
* Hull
* Shaver
* Raskob
* Farley
* Flynn
* Walker
* Hannegan
* McGrath
* Boyle
* McKinney
* Mitchell
* Butler
* Jackson
* Bailey
* O'Brien
* Harris
* O'Brien
* Westwood
* Strauss
* Curtis
* White
* Manatt
* Kirk
* Brown
* Wilhelm
* DeLee
* Dodd/Fowler
* Romer/Grossman
* Rendell/Andrew
* McAuliffe
* Dean
* Kaine
* Wasserman Schultz
* Perez
* Harrison

State and
territorial
parties|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming
* American Samoa
* District of Columbia
* Guam
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Puerto Rico
* Virgin Islands
* Democrats Abroad

Affiliated
groups|

| Congress|

* Senate Caucus
* Policy Committee
* Steering and Outreach Committee
* House Caucus
* Factions
* Blue Dog Coalition
* Congressional Progressive Caucus
* Justice Democrats
* New Democrat Coalition
* Problem Solvers Caucus

|

Fundraising|

* Democratic Attorneys General Association
* Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee
* Democratic Governors Association
* Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee
* Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee
* National Conference of Democratic Mayors
* National Democratic Redistricting Committee

Sectional|

* College Democrats of America
* Democrats Abroad
* National Federation of Democratic Women
* Stonewall Democrats
* Stonewall Young Democrats
* Young Democrats of America
* High School Democrats of America

Related|

* Primaries
* Presidential candidates
* Debates
* Superdelegate
* 2005 chairmanship election
* 2017 chairmanship election
* 2006 House Caucus leadership election
* 2018 House Caucus leadership election
* Weekly Democratic Address

* v
* t
* e

Attorneys general of California

* Kewen
* McDougall
* Hastings
* McConnell
* Stewart
* Wallace
* Williams
* Pixley
* McCullough
* Hamilton
* Love
* Hamilton
* A. Hart
* Marshall
* Johnson
* W. Hart
* Fitzgerald
* Ford
* Webb
* Warren
* Kenny
* Howser
* P. Brown
* Mosk
* Lynch
* Younger
* Deukmejian
* Van de Kamp
* Lungren
* Lockyer
* J. Brown
* Harris
* Kenealy (acting)
* Becerra
* Rodriquez (acting)
* Bonta

* v
* t
* e

Time Persons of the Year

1927–1950|

* Charles Lindbergh (1927)
* Walter Chrysler (1928)
* Owen D. Young (1929)
* Mohandas Gandhi (1930)
* Pierre Laval (1931)
* Franklin D. Roosevelt (1932)
* Hugh S. Johnson (1933)
* Franklin D. Roosevelt (1934)
* Haile Selassie (1935)
* Wallis Simpson (1936)
* Chiang Kai-shek / Soong Mei-ling (1937)
* Adolf Hitler (1938)
* Joseph Stalin (1939)
* Winston Churchill (1940)
* Franklin D. Roosevelt (1941)
* Joseph Stalin (1942)
* George Marshall (1943)
* Dwight D. Eisenhower (1944)
* Harry S. Truman (1945)
* James F. Byrnes (1946)
* George Marshall (1947)
* Harry S. Truman (1948)
* Winston Churchill (1949)
* The American Fighting-Man (1950)

1951–1975|

* Mohammed Mosaddeq (1951)
* Elizabeth II  (1952)
* Konrad Adenauer (1953)
* John Foster Dulles (1954)
* Harlow Curtice (1955)
* Hungarian Freedom Fighters (1956)
* Nikita Khrushchev (1957)
* Charles de Gaulle (1958)
* Dwight D. Eisenhower (1959)
* U.S. Scientists: George Beadle / Charles Draper / John Enders / Donald A. Glaser / Joshua Lederberg / Willard Libby / Linus Pauling / Edward Purcell / Isidor Rabi / Emilio Segrè / William Shockley / Edward Teller / Charles Townes / James Van Allen / Robert Woodward (1960)
* John F. Kennedy (1961)
* Pope John XXIII (1962)
* Martin Luther King Jr. (1963)
* Lyndon B. Johnson (1964)
* William Westmoreland (1965)
* The Generation Twenty-Five and Under (1966)
* Lyndon B. Johnson (1967)
* The Apollo 8 Astronauts: William Anders / Frank Borman / Jim Lovell (1968)
* The Middle Americans (1969)
* Willy Brandt (1970)
* Richard Nixon (1971)
* Henry Kissinger / Richard Nixon (1972)
* John Sirica (1973)
* King Faisal (1974)
* American Women: Susan Brownmiller / Kathleen Byerly / Alison Cheek / Jill Conway / Betty Ford / Ella Grasso / Carla Hills / Barbara Jordan / Billie Jean King / Susie Sharp / Carol Sutton / Addie Wyatt (1975)

1976–2000|

* Jimmy Carter (1976)
* Anwar Sadat (1977)
* Deng Xiaoping (1978)
* Ayatollah Khomeini (1979)
* Ronald Reagan (1980)
* Lech Wałęsa (1981)
* The Computer (1982)
* Ronald Reagan / Yuri Andropov (1983)
* Peter Ueberroth (1984)
* Deng Xiaoping (1985)
* Corazon Aquino (1986)
* Mikhail Gorbachev (1987)
* The Endangered Earth (1988)
* Mikhail Gorbachev (1989)
* George H. W. Bush (1990)
* Ted Turner (1991)
* Bill Clinton (1992)
* The Peacemakers: Yasser Arafat / F. W. de Klerk / Nelson Mandela / Yitzhak Rabin (1993)
* Pope John Paul II (1994)
* Newt Gingrich (1995)
* David Ho (1996)
* Andrew Grove (1997)
* Bill Clinton / Ken Starr (1998)
* Jeff Bezos (1999)
* George W. Bush (2000)

2001–present|

* Rudolph Giuliani (2001)
* The Whistleblowers: Cynthia Cooper / Coleen Rowley / Sherron Watkins (2002)
* The American Soldier (2003)
* George W. Bush (2004)
* The Good Samaritans: Bono / Bill Gates / Melinda Gates (2005)
* You (2006)
* Vladimir Putin (2007)
* Barack Obama (2008)
* Ben Bernanke (2009)
* Mark Zuckerberg (2010)
* The Protester (2011)
* Barack Obama (2012)
* Pope Francis (2013)
* Ebola Fighters: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. Kent Brantly / Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / Salome Karwah (2014)
* Angela Merkel (2015)
* Donald Trump (2016)
* The Silence Breakers (2017)
* The Guardians: Jamal Khashoggi / Maria Ressa / Wa Lone / Kyaw Soe Oo / Staff of The Capital (2018)
* Greta Thunberg (2019)
* Joe Biden / Kamala Harris (2020)
* Elon Musk (2021)
* Volodymyr Zelenskyy / Spirit of Ukraine (2022)
* Taylor Swift (2023)

* v
* t
* e

African Americans

History|

* Timeline
* Abolitionism
* African American founding fathers
* Afrocentrism
* American Civil War
* Atlantic slave trade
* Black Codes
* Black cowboys
* Black genocide
* Black Lives Matter
* Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
* Children of the plantation
* Civil Rights Acts
* 1964
* Voting Rights Act of 1965
* 1968
* Civil rights movement 1865–1896
* Civil right movement 1896–1954
* Civil rights movement 1954–1968
* Montgomery bus boycott
* Browder v. Gayle (1956)
* Sit-in movement
* Freedom Riders
* Birmingham movement
* March on Washington
* Selma to Montgomery marches
* Chicago Freedom Movement
* Post–civil rights era
* Cornerstone Speech
* COVID-19 impact
* Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
* Free Negro
* Free people of color
* George Floyd protests
* Great Migration
* Second
* New
* Exodusters
* Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009 / Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013
* Jim Crow laws
* Lynching
* Military history
* Million Man March
* Nadir of American race relations
* The Negro Motorist Green Book
* Partus sequitur ventrem
* Plantations
* Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
* Reconstruction Amendments
* Reconstruction era
* Redlining
* Separate but equal
* Silent Parade
* Slavery
* Treatment of slaves
* Tulsa race massacre
* Underground Railroad
* Women's suffrage movement

Culture|

* Afrofuturism
* Art
* Black mecca
* Businesses
* Dance
* Family structure
* Film
* Folktales
* Hair
* Harlem Renaissance
* New Negro
* Hoodoo
* Juneteenth
* Kwanzaa
* LGBT community
* Literature
* Music
* Musical theater
* Names
* Negro National Anthem
* Neighborhoods
* Newspapers
* Soul food
* Stereotypes
* Middle class
* Upper class

Notable people|

* Ralph Abernathy
* Maya Angelou
* Crispus Attucks
* James Baldwin
* James Bevel
* Julian Bond
* Amelia Boynton
* James Bradley
* Carol Moseley Braun
* Edward Brooke
* Blanche Bruce
* Ralph Bunche
* George Washington Carver
* Shirley Chisholm
* Claudette Colvin
* Frederick Douglass
* W. E. B. Du Bois
* Medgar Evers
* James Farmer
* Henry Highland Garnet
* Marcus Garvey
* Fred Gray
* Fannie Lou Hamer
* Kamala Harris
* Jimi Hendrix
* Jesse Jackson
* Ketanji Brown Jackson
* Michael Jackson
* Harriet Jacobs
* Barbara Jordan
* Coretta Scott King
* Martin Luther King Jr.
* Bernard Lafayette
* James Lawson
* Huddie Ledbetter
* John Lewis
* Joseph Lowery
* Malcolm X
* Thurgood Marshall
* Toni Morrison
* Bob Moses
* Diane Nash
* Barack Obama
* Michelle Obama
* Rosa Parks
* Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
* Colin Powell
* Gabriel Prosser
* Joseph Rainey
* A. Philip Randolph
* Hiram Revels
* Paul Robeson
* Al Sharpton
* Fred Shuttlesworth
* Clarence Thomas
* Emmett Till
* Sojourner Truth
* Harriet Tubman
* Nat Turner
* Denmark Vesey
* C. T. Vivian
* David Walker
* Booker T. Washington
* Ida B. Wells
* Roy Wilkins
* Oprah Winfrey
* Andrew Young
* Whitney Young

Education, science
and technology|

* Black studies
* Black schools
* Historically black colleges and universities
* Inventors and scientists
* Museums
* Women
* in computer science
* in medicine
* in STEM fields

Religion|

* African-American Jews
* Islam
* American Society of Muslims
* Nation of Islam
* Black church
* Azusa Street Revival
* Black Hebrew Israelites
* Black theology
* Doctrine of Father Divine

Political movements|

* Anarchism
* Back-to-Africa movement
* Black power
* Movement
* Capitalism
* Conservatism
* Leftism
* Pan-Africanism
* Populism
* Raised fist
* Self-determination
* Nationalism
* Socialism

Civic and economic
groups

* Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)
* Black Panther Party
* Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
* National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
* Nashville Student Movement
* National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)
* National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)
* National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)
* National Urban League (NUL)
* Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
* Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
* Thurgood Marshall College Fund
* United Negro College Fund (UNCF)
* Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)

Sports|

* Negro league baseball
* Baseball color line
* Black players in professional American football
* Black NFL quarterbacks
* Black players in ice hockey
* Muhammad Ali
* Arthur Ashe
* Jack Johnson
* Joe Louis
* Jesse Owens
* Jackie Robinson
* Serena Williams

Athletic associations
and conferences

* Central (CIAA)
* Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
* Southern (SIAC)
* Southwestern (SWAC)

Ethnic subdivisions|

* By African descent
* Fula
* Gullah
* Igbo
* Yoruba
* Alabama Creole
* Black Indians
* Black Seminoles
* Cherokee freedmen controversy
* Choctaw freedmen
* Creek Freedmen
* Black Southerners
* Blaxicans
* Great Dismal Swamp maroons
* Louisiana Creole
* of color
* Melungeon

Demographics|

* Neighborhoods
* list
* U.S. cities with large populations
* 2000 majorities
* 2010 majorities
* Metropolitan areas
* States and territories
* Illinois
* Ohio

Languages|

* Afro-Seminole Creole
* American Sign
* Black American Sign
* English
* American English
* African-American English
* African-American Vernacular English
* social context
* Gullah
* Louisiana Creole

By state/city|

* Alabama
* Arkansas
* California
* Los Angeles
* San Francisco
* Cleveland
* Florida
* Jacksonville
* Tallahassee
* Georgia
* Atlanta
* Hawaii
* Illinois
* Chicago
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Davenport
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* Lexington
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* Baltimore
* Massachusetts
* Boston
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* North Carolina
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Philadelphia
* Puerto Rico
* South Carolina
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Austin
* Dallas–Fort Worth
* Houston
* San Antonio
* Utah
* Virginia
* West Virginia

Diaspora|

* Africa
* Gambia
* Ghana
* Liberia
* Sierra Leone
* America
* Canada
* Dominican Republic
* Haiti
* Mexico
* Trinidad and Tobago
* Israel
* Europe
* France

Lists|

* African Americans
* Activists
* Actors
* Astronauts
* Billionaires
* Journalists
* Jurists
* Mathematicians
* Republicans
* Singers
* Sportspeople
* Spingarn Medal winners
* US cabinet members
* US representatives
* US senators
* Visual artists
* Writers
* African-American firsts
* Mayors
* Sports firsts
* US state firsts
* Historic places
* Index of related articles
* Landmark African-American legislation
* Lynching victims
* Monuments
* Neighborhoods
* Topics related to the African diaspora

* Category
* United States portal

Portals:

* Modern history
* California
* Law
* Liberalism
* Politics

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Japan
* Italy
* Czech Republic
* Russia
* 2
* Spain
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Korea
* Poland
* Israel
* Catalonia

Academics|

* CiNii
* Scopus

Artists|

* MusicBrainz

People|

* US Congress
* Deutsche Biographie
* DDB

Other|

* IdRef
* NARA
* SNAC

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