Kennedy family

American political family

It has been suggested that Profile in Courage Award be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since October 2024.

|

This article is about the U.S. political family. For the fictional family, see Kennedy family (Neighbours).

"Kennedys" redirects here. For the law firm, see Kennedys Law. For other people named "Kennedy", see Kennedy (surname).

Kennedy family

Ó Cinnéide

American Political family

Between two olive branches a cubit sinister arm in armor erect, the hand holding a sheaf of four arrows, points upward, all proper

Patrick Joseph Kennedy

Joseph Patrick Kennedy Sr.

John F. Kennedy

Parent family| O'Kennedy
Country| Dunganstown, New Ross, County Wexford, Ireland[1]
Current region| United States
Founded|

* Arrival in the United States
1849, Boston
* 175 years ago

Founder| Patrick Kennedy (1823–1858)
Titles|

List

* President of the United States
* First Lady of the United States
* United States Ambassador (to Australia, Austria, France, Ireland, Japan, and the United Kingdom)
* United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland
* United States Senator
* United States Congressman
* United States Attorney General
* Lieutenant Governor of Maryland
* State senator (Connecticut, Massachusetts)
* State representative (Maryland, Massachusetts)
* Mayor (Santa Monica, California)
* Papal Countess of the Holy Roman Church
* Marchioness of Hartington

Estate(s)|

List

* 83 Beals Street (Brookline, Massachusetts)
* Kennedy Compound (Hyannis Port, Massachusetts)
* Hickory Hill (McLean, Virginia)
* La Querida (Palm Beach, Florida)
* Wexford (Marshall, Virginia)

The Kennedy family (Irish: Ó Cinnéide) is an American political family that has long been prominent in American politics, public service, entertainment, and business. In 1884, 35 years after the family's arrival from County Wexford, Ireland, Patrick Joseph "P. J." Kennedy became the first Kennedy elected to public office, serving in the Massachusetts state legislature until 1895. At least one Kennedy family member served in federal elective office from 1947, when P. J. Kennedy's grandson John F. Kennedy became a member of Congress from Massachusetts, until 2011, when Patrick J. Kennedy II (John's nephew) retired as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Rhode Island.[2]

P. J.'s son Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and his wife, Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, had nine children, including John F. Kennedy, who served in both houses of the United States Congress and as U.S. President; Robert F. Kennedy, who served as U.S. Attorney General and as a U.S. Senator; and Ted Kennedy, who served more than 46 years in the U.S. Senate. Other descendants include members of the U.S. House of Representatives, two U.S. ambassadors, one U.S. envoy, a lieutenant governor, three state legislators (one of whom also served in the U.S. House of Representatives), and one mayor.

Joseph and Rose's daughter Eunice played a vital role in establishing the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (part of the National Institutes of Health) and the Special Olympics. Other descendants of Joseph and Rose Kennedy have been lawyers, authors, and activists on behalf of those with physical and intellectual disabilities.

## History

[edit]

According to genealogist Brian Kennedy in his work JFK's Irish O'Kennedy Ancestors, the Kennedys—who would go on to play a significant role in the United States of America—originated from an Irish clan called Ó Cinnéide Fionn (which, along with the Ó Cinnéide Donn and Ó Cinnéide Ruadh, were the three Irish Gaelic Ó Cinnéide clans who ruled the Kingdom of Ormond). In 1546, their progenitor Diarmaid Ó Cinnéide Fionn became the owner of Knigh Castle, located close to what is today Puckane, County Tipperary. In 1740, having lost out to the New English order in the Kingdom of Ireland, they moved to Dunganstown, New Ross, County Wexford. Patrick Kennedy was born there.

Patrick Kennedy (1823–1858) and Bridget Murphy (1824–1888) sailed from Ireland to East Boston in 1849. Patrick worked in East Boston as a barrel maker, or cooper,[3] and had five children with Bridget. Their youngest, Patrick Joseph "P. J." Kennedy, went into business and served in the Massachusetts state legislature from 1884 to 1895.

P. J. and his wife, Mary Augusta Hickey, had four children. Their oldest was Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy Sr.,[4] a businessman who amassed a private fortune in banking and securities trading, which he further expanded by investing in filmmaking and real estate. He also founded Somerset Importers and owned Chicago's Merchandise Mart.

In 1914, Joseph Sr. married Rose Fitzgerald,[5] the eldest daughter of John F. "Honey Fitz" Fitzgerald, who served six years as mayor of Boston and six years as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives.[6] The couple had nine children: Joseph Jr. (1915–1944), John (called Jack) (1917–1963), Rose Marie (called Rosemary) (1918–2005), Kathleen (called Kick) (1920–1948), Eunice (1921–2009), Patricia (1924–2006), Robert (called Bobby) (1925–1968), Jean (1928–2020) and Edward (called Ted) (1932–2009).

Joseph Sr. was appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as the first chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), chairman of the Maritime Commission, and U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1938 to 1940. He served from 1947 to 1949 on The Hoover Commission (the "Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government"), which was appointed by President Harry Truman to recommend administrative changes in the federal government. Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy was named Papal Countess of the Holy Roman Church by Pope Pius XII in 1951 in recognition of her "exemplary motherhood and many charitable works."[7]

## Continued public service

[edit]

Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and Rose Kennedy with their children at the Kennedy Compound in 1931.

Every Kennedy elected to public office has served as a Democrat, while other members of the family have worked for the party or held Cabinet posts in Democratic administrations. Many have attended Harvard University, and the family has contributed greatly to that university's John F. Kennedy School of Government.

Joseph Sr. expected his eldest son, Joseph Jr., to go into politics and to ultimately be elected president. Joseph Jr. was elected as a Massachusetts delegate to the 1940 Democratic National Convention and enlisted in the U.S. Navy after the United States entered World War II. He was killed in 1944 when the bomber he was piloting exploded in flight. Joseph Sr.'s desire to see the family involved in politics and government then focused on John, who had considered a career as a journalist, having authored a book (Why England Slept) and done some reporting for Hearst Newspapers. After returning from Navy service, John served in the U.S. House of Representatives representing Massachusetts's 11th congressional district from 1947 to 1953, and then as U.S. Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 to 1960. In the 1960 presidential election, John narrowly defeated Republican opponent Richard Nixon.

During John's administration, Robert served as attorney general; his brother-in-law Sargent Shriver served as director of the new Peace Corps, and Ted was elected to the U.S. Senate from Massachusetts, occupying his brother's former Senate seat until Ted's death in 2009. The Kennedy administration's accomplishments include the Alliance for Progress with Latin America, the establishment of the Peace Corps, a peaceful resolution to the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963, the Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ending the poll tax, the continuation of the Apollo spaceflight program with the goal of landing a man on the Moon, and the introduction of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to Congress (signed into law by Kennedy's successor Lyndon B. Johnson).[8] The family was the subject of intense media coverage during and after Kennedy's presidency.

Ted served in the Senate with his brother Robert (1965–1968), and was serving in the Senate when his nephew, Joseph P. II, and his son, Patrick J., served in the U.S. House of Representatives representing Massachusetts's 8th congressional district (1987–1999) and Rhode Island's 1st congressional district (1995–2011), respectively. In November 2012, Joseph P. Kennedy III, son of former Rep. Joseph P. Kennedy II and grandson of the late Sen. Robert F. Kennedy, was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 4th congressional district. In 2020, Joseph P. III lost the U.S. Senate primary election in Massachusetts to incumbent Ed Markey, the first Kennedy to ever lose an election in the state.[9][10]

In the 2020s, three Kennedy family members were serving as U.S. ambassadors or envoys. Victoria Reggie Kennedy, second wife of Ted Kennedy, was named in 2021 by President Biden as U.S. ambassador to Austria.[11] Caroline Kennedy, daughter of President Kennedy, was named in 2022 by President Biden as U.S. ambassador to Australia; she previously served as U.S. ambassador to Japan under President Barack Obama. In the same year, Joseph P. Kennedy III was named by President Biden as U.S. special envoy to Northern Ireland. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. ran for president in the 2024 United States presidential election.[12]

## Businesses

[edit]

* Citizens Energy Corporation[13]
* Columbia Trust Company [14]
* FBO Pictures Corporation
* George
* Hialeah Park Race Track
* Intercontinental Rubber Company[15]
* Kennedy & Madonna LLP (law firm)
* Kenoil Corporation[16]
* Marwood Group (healthcare-focused consulting firm) [17]
* Mokeen Oil Company[16]
* Old Colony Realty Associates[18]
* RKO Pictures
* Somerset Imports
* Sumner Savings Bank[19]
* Wolf Point, Chicago[20]
* Wolf Point East Tower[21]
* Salesforce Tower Chicago[22]

## Philanthropy and policy institutes

[edit]

* Advocates for Opioid Recovery
* Best Buddies International
* Citizens Energy Corporation
* Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Center for Community of Caring[23]
* Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development
* Global Recovery Initiative[24]
* John F. Kennedy Library Foundation
* Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation
* Robert F. Kennedy Center For Justice & Human Rights
* Smart Approaches to Marijuana
* Special Olympics
* Stop Handgun Violence
* Top Box Foods
* VSA (Kennedy Center)
* White House Historical Association
* Waterkeeper Alliance

## Government offices held

[edit]

* Patrick Joseph Kennedy: Massachusetts state Representative, 1884–1889; Massachusetts state Senator, 1889–1895.
* Joseph Patrick Kennedy Sr.: Chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 1934–1935; chairman of the United States Maritime Commission, 1936–1938; United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom, 1938–1940.
* John Fitzgerald Kennedy: United States Representative from Massachusetts, 1947–1953; United States Senator from Massachusetts, 1953–1960; President of the United States, 1961–1963.
* Caroline Kennedy: United States Ambassador to Japan, 2013–2017; United States Ambassador to Australia, 2022–present.
* Eunice Kennedy Shriver
* Bobby Shriver: Santa Monica, California City Council member, 2004–2012; Mayor of Santa Monica, 2010.
* Mark Kennedy Shriver: Maryland state Delegate, 1995–2003.
* Robert Francis Kennedy: United States Attorney General, 1961–1964; United States Senator from New York, 1965–1968.
* Kathleen Kennedy Townsend: Lieutenant governor of Maryland, 1995–2003.
* Joseph P. Kennedy II: United States Representative from Massachusetts, 1987–1999.
* Joseph P. Kennedy III: United States Representative from Massachusetts, 2013–2021; U.S. envoy to Northern Ireland, 2022–present.
* Jean Kennedy Smith: United States Ambassador to Ireland, 1993–1998.
* Edward Moore Kennedy: United States Senator from Massachusetts, 1962–2009.
* Edward M. Kennedy Jr.: Connecticut state Senator, 2015–2019.
* Patrick J. Kennedy: Rhode Island state Representative, 1989–1993; United States Representative from Rhode Island, 1995–2011.

In addition, some Kennedy spouses have served in government:

* Andrew Cuomo (then-husband of Kerry Kennedy): United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, 1997–2001. After their divorce, he served as New York state attorney general (2007–2010) and New York governor (2011–2021).
* Victoria Reggie Kennedy (widow of Ted Kennedy): U.S. ambassador to Austria, 2022–present
* Arnold Schwarzenegger (then-husband of Maria Shriver): governor of California, 2003–2011
* Sargent Shriver (husband of Eunice Kennedy Shriver): president of the Chicago Board of Education, 1955–1960; director of the Peace Corps, 1961–1966; director of the Office of Economic Opportunity, 1964–1968; U.S. ambassador to France, 1968–1970

There was a member of the Kennedy family in public office nearly continuously from 1946, when John F. Kennedy was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, until early 2011, when Patrick J. Kennedy left the House. The only exception was the period between John F. Kennedy's resignation from the Senate on December 22, 1960, and his assumption of the office of President on January 20, 1961. In 2013, two years after Patrick Kennedy left the House, Joseph P. Kennedy III was elected U.S. Representative from Massachusetts and served until 2021. Below is a timeline of the Kennedys' tenure in the U.S. Congress.

### Timeline

[edit]

* United States Congress
* United States Government
* United States Ambassador

## Heraldry

[edit]

On March 17, 1961, John F. Kennedy was presented with a grant of arms for all the descendants of Patrick Kennedy (1823–1858) from the Chief Herald of Ireland. The design of the arms (three gold closed helmets on a black field)[25] strongly alludes to symbols in the coats of arms of the O'Kennedys of Ormonde and the FitzGeralds of Desmond, from whom the family is descended. The crest is an armored hand holding four arrows between two olive branches, elements taken from the coat of arms of the United States of America and also symbolic of Kennedy and his brothers.[26]

Coat of arms of the Kennedy family  |

Granted
1961
Armiger
All the descendants of Patrick Kennedy (1823–1858)
Crest
Between two olive branches a cubit sinister arm in armor erect, the hand holding a sheaf of four arrows, points upward, all proper
Escutcheon
Sable three helmets in profile Or within a bordure per saltire Gules and Ermine.

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## See also

[edit]

* Kennedy curse

## References

[edit]

### Citations

[edit]

1. ^ "1963: Warm welcome for JFK in Ireland". BBC News. June 27, 1963. Archived from the original on August 3, 2016. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
2. ^ Levenson, Michael (February 13, 2010). "Pondering a Congress without Kennedys". The Boston Globe.
3. ^ Maier, Thomas (2003). The Kennedys: America's Emerald Kings. Basic Books. p. [page needed]. ISBN 978-0-465-04317-0.[Wikipedia:Citing+sources|page-needed]&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-465-04317-0&rft.aulast=Maier&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https://archive.org/details/kennedysamericas00maie_0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kennedy+family" class="Z3988">
4. ^ The Kennedy Family The JFK Library, accessed February 10, 2016
5. ^ Graham, James (October 7, 2014). "The Wedding That Changed American History". Time.
6. ^ DeCosta-Klipa, Nik (May 17, 2017). "Meet Honey Fitz: The 'pixie like' mayor of Boston (and JFK's grandfather)". Boston.com.
7. ^ "Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy | JFK Library".
8. ^ "www.whitehouse.gov".
9. ^ Martin, Jonathan (September 1, 2020). "Markey Holds Off Joseph Kennedy in Massachusetts Senate Race". The New York Times. "The result was the first loss by a Kennedy in a Massachusetts election…"
10. ^ "Fast Facts about Robert F. Kennedy". John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved September 4, 2020. Robert F. Kennedy was not on the ballot in Massachusetts in the 1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries and finished second to Eugene McCarthy as a write-in candidate.
11. ^ Thanikachalam, Neya. "Senate confirms Victoria Kennedy to be ambassador to Austria". The Boston Globe. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
12. ^ Anderson, Sophia (May 3, 2023). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Announces 2024 Presidential Candidacy Against Biden". the Gavel. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
13. ^ "Non-Profit Energy Company | Citizens Energy". Citizens Energy Corporation. January 30, 2023.
14. ^ Nasaw, David (2012). The Patriarch: The Remarkable Life and Turbulent Times of Joseph P. Kennedy. New York City, New York: Penguin Press. p. 10\. ISBN 978-1-59420-376-3.
15. ^ Brean, Henry (May 9, 2023). "U of A teams with Bridgestone to give desert rubber source a bounce". Arizona Daily Star. Retrieved June 22, 2023.
16. ^ a b Jensen, Michael C. (June 12, 1977). "Managing the Kennedy Millions". The New York Times. Retrieved June 22, 2023.
17. ^ "Kennedy's former firm investigated by SEC". New Haven Register. October 30, 2014. Retrieved June 22, 2023.
18. ^ Samuels, Regina (August 2, 2021). "How Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. Became a Billionaire And Founded a Political Dynasty That Defined The 20th Century!". Politic-Ed. Retrieved June 22, 2023.
19. ^ Kessler, Ronald (1996). The Sins of the Father: Joseph P. Kennedy and the Dynasty he Founded. Warner Books, Inc. p. 10\. ISBN 0-446-60384-8.
20. ^ "What Chris Kennedy Is Doing With the New Wolf Point Project". Chicago. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
21. ^ https://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20170628/CRED03/170629845/hines-kennedys-land-200-million-loan-for-wolf-point-project
22. ^ https://www.chicagobusiness.com/commercial-real-estate/salesforce-plan-completes-kennedy-familys-wolf-point-puzzle
23. ^ "Community of Caring Names University of Utah Its New National Headquarters". UNews Archive. Salt Lake City, UT. March 25, 2011. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
24. ^ Murray, Kelly (September 6, 2018). "Christopher Lawford, actor, author and nephew of John F. Kennedy, dies at 63". CNN.com. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
25. ^ The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales, Bernard Burke, Harrison & Sons, 1884, pp. 558-9
26. ^ "John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35th President of the United States". American Heraldry Society. Archived from the original on August 3, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2009.

### Book sources

[edit]

* Gibson, Barbara; Ted Schwartz (1993). The Kennedys : the Third Generation. New York: Kensington Publishing. p. 458\. ISBN 9780786010264. OCLC 670288617.
* Haas, Lawrence J. The Kennedys in the World: How Jack, Bobby, and Ted Remade America's Empire (2021) excerpt
* Hunt, Amber, and David Batcher. Kennedy Wives: Triumph and Tragedy in America's Most Public Family (2014) excerpt
* Kessler, Ronald. The sins of the father: Joseph P. Kennedy and the dynasty he founded (St. Martin's Press, 1996).
* Klein, Edward. The Kennedy Curse: Why tragedy has haunted America's first family for 150 years (Macmillan, 2003).
* Leamer, Laurence. The Kennedy women: The saga of an American family (Ballantine Books, 1996). excerpt
* Leamer, Laurence. The Kennedy Men: 1901-1963 (2001) excerpt
* Leamer, Laurence. Sons of Camelot: The Fate of an American Dynasty (2005) excerpt
* Nasaw, David. The Patriarch: The Remarkable Life and Turbulent Times of Joseph P. Kennedy (2012); scholarly biography.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kennedy family.

* The Kennedys: A Family Tree, St. Petersburg Times
* Kennedy Family Tree, The New York Times
* The Forrestal Kennedy Connection,
* Kennedy Family, The Political Graveyard

* v
* t
* e

Kennedy family

I.|

| P. J. Kennedy
(1858–1929)|

* Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. (m.) Rose Fitzgerald

|

II.|

| Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
(1888–1969)|

* Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.
* John F. Kennedy (m.) Jacqueline Bouvier
* Rosemary Kennedy
* Kathleen Kennedy (m.) William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington
* Eunice Kennedy (m.) Sargent Shriver
* Patricia Kennedy (m./div.) Peter Lawford
* Robert F. Kennedy (m.) Ethel Skakel
* Jean Kennedy (m.) Stephen Edward Smith
* Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy (m./div. 1st) Joan Bennett; (m. 2nd) Victoria Reggie

|

III.|

| John F. Kennedy
(1917–1963)|

* Caroline Kennedy (m.) Edwin Schlossberg
* John F. Kennedy Jr. (m.) Carolyn Bessette
* Patrick Bouvier Kennedy

|

Eunice Kennedy Shriver
(1921–2009)|

* Bobby Shriver
* Maria Shriver (m./div.) Arnold Schwarzenegger
* Timothy Shriver
* Mark Shriver
* Anthony Shriver

Patricia Kennedy Lawford
(1924–2006)|

* Christopher Lawford

Robert F. Kennedy
(1925–1968)|

* Kathleen Kennedy Townsend
* Joseph P. Kennedy II
* Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (m./sep.) Mary Richardson (m. 3rd) Cheryl Hines
* Michael LeMoyne Kennedy
* Kerry Kennedy (m./div.) Andrew Cuomo
* Christopher G. Kennedy
* Max Kennedy
* Douglas Harriman Kennedy
* Rory Kennedy (m.) Mark Bailey

Jean Kennedy Smith
(1928–2020)|

* William Kennedy Smith

Ted Kennedy
(1932–2009)|

* Kara Kennedy
* Edward M. Kennedy Jr.
* Patrick J. Kennedy (m.) Amy Kennedy

IV.|

* Rose Kennedy Schlossberg
* Tatiana Celia Kennedy Schlossberg
* John Bouvier Kennedy Schlossberg
* Katherine Schwarzenegger (m.) Chris Pratt
* Patrick Schwarzenegger
* Joseph P. Kennedy III
* Maeve Kennedy McKean
* Max Kennedy Jr.

Related|

* Hickory Hill
* Kennedy Compound
* Kennedy curse
* Merchandise Mart
* The Kennedys (museum)
* The Kennedys (miniseries)
* The Kennedys: After Camelot

Category|

Kennedy family

m. = married; div. = divorced; sep. = separated.

* v
* t
* e

John F. Kennedy

* 35th President of the United States (1961–1963)
* U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (1953–1960)
* U.S. Representative for MA–11 (1947–1953)

Presidency
(timeline)|

* Transition
* Inauguration
* Cabinet
* Judicial appointments
* Supreme Court
* Executive Orders
* Presidential Proclamations
* Presidential pardons
* Presidential limousine
* Presidential yacht
* Resolute desk
* Situation Room

| Foreign policy|

* Alliance for Progress
* Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
* Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
* Flexible response
* Kennedy Doctrine
* Peace Corps
* Trade Expansion Act
* Migration and Refugee Assistance Act
* USAID
* Vietnam War
* Cuba: Bay of Pigs Invasion
* Cuban Project
* Cuban Missile Crisis
* ExComm
* Soviet Union: Berlin Crisis
* Moscow–Washington hotline
* Vienna summit

|

New Frontier|

* Communications Satellite Act
* Community Mental Health Act
* Equal Pay Act
* Executive Order 11110
* Federal affirmative action
* Federal housing segregation ban
* Fifty-mile hikes
* Food for Peace
* Pilot Food Stamp Program
* Presidential Medal of Freedom
* Space policy
* Status of Women (Presidential Commission)
* University of Alabama integration
* Voter Education Project
* All-Channel Receiver Act
* Oil Pollution Act of 1961
* Revenue Act of 1962
* Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1961
* Wetlands Loan Act

Presidential
speeches|

* Inaugural address
* American University speech
* "We choose to go to the Moon"
* Report to the American People on Civil Rights
* "Ich bin ein Berliner"
* "A rising tide lifts all boats"
* Remarks at Amherst College on the Arts
* State of the Union Address
* 1961
* 1962
* 1963

Elections|

* U.S. House of Representatives elections: 1946
* 1948
* 1950
* U.S. Senate elections in Massachusetts: 1952
* 1958
* 1960 presidential primaries
* 1960 presidential campaign
* Democratic National Conventions: 1956
* 1960
* U.S. presidential election 1960
* debates

Personal life|

* Birthplace and childhood home
* Kennedy Compound
* Hickory Hill
* La Querida
* Wexford
* Navy service: PT-109
* Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana
* Arthur Evans
* PT-59
* Castle Hot Springs
* Hammersmith Farm
* Coretta Scott King phone call
* "Happy Birthday, Mr. President"
* John F. Kennedy document hoax

Books|

* Why England Slept (1940)
* Profiles in Courage (1956)
* A Nation of Immigrants (1958)

Death|

* Assassination
* timeline
* media coverage
* reactions
* in popular culture
* State funeral
* Riderless horse
* attending dignitaries
* Gravesite and Eternal Flame

Legacy|

* Bibliography
* John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
* Profile in Courage Award
* Twenty-fourth Amendment
* Civil Rights Act of 1964
* Apollo 11 Moon landing
* Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
* Kennedy Space Center
* Kennedy Round
* U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
* VISTA
* Cultural depictions
* films
* Kennedy half dollar
* U.S. postage stamps
* U.S. five cent stamp
* Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences
* Operation Sail

Memorials,
namesakes|

* Harvard Kennedy School
* Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
* John F. Kennedy Federal Building (Boston)
* John F. Kennedy International Airport
* Boston statue
* Brooklyn memorial
* Dallas memorial
* Hyannis memorial
* London memorial
* Portland memorial
* Runnymede memorial
* John F. Kennedy Arboretum
* John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge
* John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School
* John F. Kennedy University (defunct)
* John F. Kennedy Stadium
* Kennedy Expressway
* Mount Kennedy
* MV John F. Kennedy
* USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67)
* USS John F. Kennedy (CVN-79)
* Yad Kennedy

Family|

* Jacqueline Bouvier (wife)
* Caroline Kennedy (daughter)
* John F. Kennedy Jr. (son)
* Patrick Bouvier Kennedy (son)
* Rose Schlossberg (granddaughter)
* Tatiana Schlossberg (granddaughter)
* Jack Schlossberg (grandson)
* Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. (father)
* Rose Fitzgerald (mother)
* Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. (brother)
* Rosemary Kennedy (sister)
* Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington (sister)
* Eunice Kennedy Shriver (sister)
* Patricia Kennedy Lawford (sister)
* Robert F. Kennedy (brother)
* Jean Kennedy Smith (sister)
* Ted Kennedy (brother)
* P. J. Kennedy (grandfather)
* John F. Fitzgerald (grandfather)
* Pushinka (dog)
* Billie and Debbie (hamsters)
* Sardar (horse)

* ← Dwight D. Eisenhower
* Lyndon B. Johnson →

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Robert F. Kennedy

November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968

* 64th United States Attorney General, 1961–1964
* United States senator from New York, 1965–1968

Life|

* 1948 Palestine visit
* Senate Committee investigation of Labor and Management
* Cuban Missile Crisis
* ExComm
* Civil rights
* Freedom Riders
* Voter Education Project
* Baldwin–Kennedy meeting
* 1964 Democratic National Convention
* Bedford Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation
* Mississippi Delta tour
* Kennedy Compound
* Hickory Hill home

Electoral|

* 1964 U.S. Senate election
* 1968 presidential campaign
* primaries
* Boiler Room Girls

Speeches|

* Law Day Address (1961)
* Day of Affirmation Address (1966)
* Conflict in Vietnam and at Home (1968)
* University of Kansas (1968)
* Ball State (1968)
* On the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. (1968)
* "On the Mindless Menace of Violence" (1968)

Books|

* The Enemy Within (1960)
* The Pursuit of Justice (1964)
* To Seek a Newer World (1967)
* Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis (1969)

Assassination|

* Sirhan Sirhan
* Ambassador Hotel
* Conspiracy theories
* Gravesite

Legacy and
memorials|

* Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building
* Robert F. Kennedy silver dollar
* Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights
* Human Rights Award
* Journalism Award
* Book Award
* Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium
* Brooklyn Memorial
* Landmark for Peace Memorial
* Arch of Dignity, Equality, and Justice
* Kennedy–King College
* Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools
* Robert F. Kennedy Bridge

Popular
culture|

* Robert F. Kennedy in media
* Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment (1963 documentary)
* Robert Kennedy Remembered (1968 documentary)
* "Abraham, Martin and John" (1968 song)
* The Missiles of October (1974 docudrama)
* Kennedy (1983 miniseries)
* Blood Feud (1983 film)
* Prince Jack (1985 film)
* Robert Kennedy and His Times (1985 miniseries)
* Hoover vs. The Kennedys (1987 miniseries)
* Thirteen Days (2000 film)
* RFK (2002 film)
* Bobby (2006 film)
* RFK Must Die (2007 documentary)
* The Kennedys (2011 miniseries)
* Ethel (2012 documentary)
* Killing Kennedy (2013 film)
* Jackie (2016 film)
* Bobby Kennedy for President (2018 miniseries)

Family,
family tree|

* Ethel Skakel (wife)
* Kathleen Kennedy (daughter)
* Joseph Patrick Kennedy (son)
* Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (son)
* Michael LeMoyne Kennedy (son)
* Kerry Kennedy (daughter)
* Christopher G. Kennedy (son)
* Max Kennedy (son)
* Douglas Harriman Kennedy (son)
* Rory Kennedy (daughter)
* Maeve Kennedy McKean (granddaughter)
* Joseph P. Kennedy III (grandson)
* Max Kennedy Jr. (grandson)
* Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. (father)
* Rose Kennedy (mother)
* Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. (brother)
* John F. Kennedy (brother
* presidency)
* Rosemary Kennedy (sister)
* Kathleen Kennedy Cavendish (sister)
* Eunice Kennedy Shriver (sister)
* Patricia Kennedy Lawford (sister)
* Jean Kennedy Smith (sister)
* Ted Kennedy (brother)
* Patrick J. Kennedy (grandfather)
* Mary Augusta Kennedy (grandmother)
* John F. Fitzgerald (grandfather)

Category

* v
* t
* e

Ted Kennedy

February 22, 1932 – August 25, 2009

* United States Senator from Massachusetts, 1962–2009

Electoral
history|

* U.S. Senate elections in Massachusetts: 1962 (special)
* 1964
* 1970
* 1976
* 1982
* 1988
* 1994
* 2000
* 2006
* 1980 United States presidential election (Democratic primaries)
* Ted Kennedy 1980 presidential campaign

Books|

* My Senator and Me: A Dog's-Eye View of Washington, D.C. (2006)
* True Compass (2009)

Speeches|

* The Dream Shall Never Die

Family,
family tree|

* Joan Bennett Kennedy (first wife)
* Victoria Reggie Kennedy (second wife, widow)
* Kara Kennedy (daughter)
* Edward M. Kennedy Jr. (son)
* Patrick J. Kennedy II (son)
* Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. (father)
* Rose Kennedy (mother)
* Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. (brother)
* John F. Kennedy (brother
* presidency)
* Rosemary Kennedy (sister)
* Kathleen Kennedy (sister)
* Eunice Kennedy Shriver (sister)
* Patricia Kennedy Lawford (sister)
* Robert F. Kennedy (brother)
* Jean Kennedy Smith (sister)
* Patrick J. Kennedy I (grandfather)
* John F. Fitzgerald (grandfather)

Related|

* Awards and honors
* Political positions
* Kennedy Compound
* Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate
* Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act
* Chappaquiddick incident
* Mary Jo Kopechne
* Friends of Ireland
* Chappaquiddick (2018 film)

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis

Life events|

* Hammersmith Farm
* Hickory Hill
* Kennedy Compound
* La Querida
* Wexford
* 1040 Fifth Avenue
* First Lady of the United States
* White House restoration
* Televised White House tour
* Tour of India and Pakistan
* White House Historical Association
* White House Curator
* Committee for the Preservation of the White House
* Assassination of John F. Kennedy
* State funeral of John F. Kennedy
* John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
* Eternal Flame and burial site

Fashion|

* Wedding dress of Jacqueline Bouvier
* Pink Chanel suit

Honors and
memorials|

* Jacqueline Kennedy Garden
* Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis High School for International Careers
* Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir
* Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School ballet

Related|

* Cultural depictions
* Jackie O (1997 opera)
* Jackie (2016 film)

Family|

* John F. Kennedy (first husband, presidency)
* Aristotle Onassis (second husband)
* Caroline Kennedy (daughter)
* John F. Kennedy Jr. (son)
* Patrick Bouvier Kennedy (son)
* Jack Schlossberg (grandson)
* Rose Schlossberg (granddaughter)
* Tatiana Schlossberg (granddaughter)
* John Vernou Bouvier III (father)
* Janet Lee Bouvier (mother)
* Lee Radziwill (sister)
* Hugh D. Auchincloss (stepfather)
* Janet Auchincloss Rutherfurd (half-sister)
* Edith Ewing Bouvier (aunt)
* Edith Bouvier Beale (cousin)
* James T. Lee (grandfather)
* John Vernou Bouvier Jr. (grandfather)
* Pushinka (dog)
* Billie and Debbie (hamsters)
* Sardar (horse)

* v
* t
* e

Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Founded|

* Waterkeeper Alliance
* Children's Health Defense

Writings|

* The Riverkeepers (1997 book)
* Crimes Against Nature (2004 book)
* "Deadly Immunity" (2005 article)
* The Real Anthony Fauci (2021 book)
* A Letter to Liberals (2022 book)

Documentary work|

* Grand Canyon Adventure: River at Risk (2008)
* Medical Racism: The New Apartheid (2021)

Radio|

* Ring of Fire

Electoral|

* 2024 presidential campaign

Related|

* Hickory Hill (boyhood home)
* Kennedy Compound (boyhood home)
* The Last Mountain

Kennedy family
(family tree)|

* Mary Richardson Kennedy (second wife)
* Cheryl Hines (third wife)
* Ethel Kennedy (mother)
* Robert F. Kennedy (father)
* Kathleen Kennedy (sister)
* Joseph Patrick Kennedy (brother)
* Michael LeMoyne Kennedy (brother)
* Kerry Kennedy (sister)
* Christopher G. Kennedy (brother)
* Max Kennedy (brother)
* Douglas Harriman Kennedy (brother)
* Rory Kennedy (sister)
* Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. (grandfather)
* Rose Kennedy (grandmother)

* v
* t
* e

United States presidential families

First families|

* Washington
* Van Buren
* Lincoln
* Eisenhower
* Johnson
* Clinton
* Obama
* Trump
* Biden

Political families|

* Adams
* Harrison
* Taft
* Roosevelt
* Bush
* Kennedy

Related|

* Ancestral background of presidents of the United States
* Presidential pets

* v
* t
* e

Time 100: The Most Important People of the 20th Century

Leaders & revolutionaries|

* David Ben-Gurion
* Winston Churchill
* Mahatma Gandhi
* Mikhail Gorbachev
* Adolf Hitler
* Ho Chi Minh
* Pope John Paul II
* Ruhollah Khomeini
* Martin Luther King Jr.
* Vladimir Lenin
* Nelson Mandela
* Mao Zedong
* Ronald Reagan
* Eleanor Roosevelt
* Franklin D. Roosevelt
* Theodore Roosevelt
* Margaret Sanger
* Margaret Thatcher
* Unknown Tiananmen Square rebel
* Lech Wałęsa

Artists & entertainers|

* Louis Armstrong
* Lucille Ball
* The Beatles
* Marlon Brando
* Coco Chanel
* Charlie Chaplin
* Le Corbusier
* Bob Dylan
* T. S. Eliot
* Aretha Franklin
* Martha Graham
* Jim Henson
* James Joyce
* Pablo Picasso
* Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein
* Bart Simpson
* Frank Sinatra
* Steven Spielberg
* Igor Stravinsky
* Oprah Winfrey

Builders & titans|

* Stephen Bechtel Sr.
* Leo Burnett
* Willis Carrier
* Walt Disney
* Henry Ford
* Bill Gates
* Amadeo Giannini
* Ray Kroc
* Estée Lauder
* William Levitt
* Lucky Luciano
* Louis B. Mayer
* Charles E. Merrill
* Akio Morita
* Walter Reuther
* Pete Rozelle
* David Sarnoff
* Juan Trippe
* Sam Walton
* Thomas J. Watson Jr.

Scientists & thinkers|

* Leo Baekeland
* Tim Berners-Lee
* Rachel Carson
* Albert Einstein
* Philo Farnsworth
* Enrico Fermi
* Alexander Fleming
* Sigmund Freud
* Robert H. Goddard
* Kurt Gödel
* Edwin Hubble
* John Maynard Keynes
* Leakey family
* Jean Piaget
* Jonas Salk
* William Shockley
* Alan Turing
* Francis Crick & James Watson
* Ludwig Wittgenstein
* Wright brothers

Heroes & icons|

* Muhammad Ali
* The American G.I.
* Lady Diana Spencer
* Anne Frank
* Billy Graham
* Che Guevara
* Edmund Hillary & Tenzing Norgay
* Helen Keller
* Kennedy family
* Bruce Lee
* Charles Lindbergh
* Harvey Milk
* Marilyn Monroe
* Emmeline Pankhurst
* Rosa Parks
* Pelé
* Jackie Robinson
* Andrei Sakharov
* Mother Teresa
* Bill W.

Portals:

* Politics
* United States

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* 2
* 3
* FAST

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Australia
* Spain
* Israel

Artists|

* ULAN

People|

* DDB

Other|

* NARA
* SNAC

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