Linda McCartney

American photographer and musician (1941–1998)

For the food brand founded by McCartney, see Linda McCartney Foods.

Linda McCartney

McCartney in 1976

Born|

Linda Louise Eastman

(1941-09-24)September 24, 1941

Manhattan, New York, U.S.

Died| April 17, 1998(1998-04-17) (aged 56)

Tucson, Arizona, U.S.

Occupations|

* Photographer
* musician
* vegetarian cook book author
* activist

Years active| 1965–1998
Spouses|

* Melville See Jr.

(m. 1962; div. 1965)​

* Paul McCartney

(m. 1969)​

Children|

* Heather
* Mary
* Stella
* James

Parents|

* Lee Eastman (father)
* Louise Sara Eastman (mother)

Relatives| Rose Frisch (aunt)
Musical career
Instruments|

* Keyboards
* vocals

Formerly of|

* Wings
* Paul McCartney Band

Musical artist

Website| lindamccartney.com

Linda Louise, Lady McCartney (née Eastman; September 24, 1941 – April 17, 1998) was an American photographer and musician. She was the keyboardist and harmony vocalist in the band Wings that also featured her husband, Paul McCartney of the Beatles.

Beginning in the mid-1960s, Linda began a career as a photographer, landing with Town & Country, where she soon gained assignments to photograph various musicians and entertainers. By the late 1960s, she was a regular fixture at the Fillmore East, a New York concert venue, where she became the unofficial house photographer capturing numerous performances at the legendary club, and was the first woman to have a photograph on the cover of the influential music magazine Rolling Stone. Her photographs were displayed in galleries and museums such as the Victoria and Albert Museum, and were collected in several books.

Linda had been learning to play keyboards from her husband, and after the 1970 breakup of the Beatles, Paul and Linda recorded the album Ram together, and they formed the band Wings in 1971. She continued to play alongside Paul following Wings' breakup in 1981 up until The New World Tour in 1993.

She was an animal rights activist and wrote and published several vegetarian cookbooks. She founded the vegetarian Linda McCartney Foods company with her husband. In 1995, she was diagnosed with breast cancer and died from the disease three years later at the age of 56.

## Early years

[edit]

Linda McCartney was born Linda Louise Eastman in Manhattan, New York, on September 24, 1941.[1][2] She had one older brother named John, and two younger sisters named Laura and Louise Jr.[3][4] Her mother, Louise Sara Eastman (née Lindner), was from a German-Jewish family.[5][6] Her maternal grandfather was Max J. Lindner, founder of the Lindner Company clothing store in Cleveland, Ohio. Her father, Lee Eastman[4] (born Leopold Vail Epstein), was the son of Belarusian-Jewish immigrants Louis and Stella (Shkolnick) Epstein from Gomel.[7][8] [5] His sister Rose Frisch became a noted scientist who worked on women's fertility and population studies.[7] Her father practiced entertainment law in New York and counted among his famous clients Harold Arlen, Tommy Dorsey, Willem de Kooning, Jack Lawrence, and Mark Rothko.[9] At Eastman's request, Lawrence wrote the song "Linda" when she was one year old.[9] It was recorded by Buddy Clark in 1947 and went to No. 2 on the Billboard Best Sellers chart,[4] and was recorded again in 1963 by duo Jan and Dean.[9]

Eastman graduated from Scarsdale High School in 1959.[10] She then attended Vermont College in Montpelier, Vermont, where she received an Associate of Arts in 1961.[11][12] Her brother John, who studied law like their father, later became the attorney and manager of her husband Paul McCartney.[13] She preferred nature and animals while growing up and enjoyed going horseback riding as a child.[9] After graduating from Vermont College, she attended the University of Arizona and majored in fine arts[10] while taking up nature photography as a hobby.[9] While she was studying there, her mother was killed in the 1962 crash of American Airlines Flight 1 in Jamaica Bay, New York.[14][15] She then left the University of Arizona without graduating, and married Joseph Melville See Jr. (in June 1962). Their daughter Heather was born in December 1962. They divorced in 1965, and Linda resumed using her maiden name.

## Career

[edit]

### Photography

[edit]

Linda became a receptionist and editorial assistant for Town & Country magazine.[9] In 1965, she became romantically involved with photographer David Dalton. She studied how he worked during photo shoots, how he set up shots and managed lighting and composition. When she began her own shoots, such as with music groups, he said he was "astonished" at how easily she could take control of unruly or uncooperative musicians.[16] He said that shooting rock groups was "a bloody pain in the neck. But with the lovely Linda, all this changed ... Now their eyes were pinned on her."[17]

Dalton was also impressed by the intelligence of Eastman's daughter. "Linda and I would get high and Heather would say the most amazing things ... I'd think, 'This is André Breton at six years old!'" He added that he found Linda's relationship with Heather a "very charming aspect of her life with this wonderful child".[16]

When the magazine received an invitation to photograph the Rolling Stones during a record promotion party on a yacht, Eastman immediately volunteered to represent the publication.[17] The photo shoot marked a turning point in her life:

> I was the only photographer they allowed on the yacht. I just kept clicking away with the camera, and they enjoyed it and I enjoyed it, and suddenly I found that taking pictures was a great way to live and a great way to work.[9]

Eastman's father wanted her to undertake formal training with a professional photographer. "Well, I never had the patience for that", she said. "I had to trust my feelings."[9] But she had studied the photography of horses at college in Arizona under Hazel Larsen Archer and became an avid nature hobbyist, using a Leica camera.[9] A few months after her Rolling Stones shoot, she was allowed backstage at Shea Stadium, where the Beatles performed.[18]

Eastman had gained some experience in celebrity photography and became an unofficial house photographer at Bill Graham's Fillmore East concert hall. Among the artists she photographed there were Todd Rundgren, Aretha Franklin, Grace Slick, Jimi Hendrix, Bob Dylan, Janis Joplin, Eric Clapton, Simon & Garfunkel, the Who, the Doors, the Animals, John Lennon, and Neil Young. Her photo of Young, taken in 1967, was used on the cover of Sugar Mountain – Live at Canterbury House 1968 in 2008.[citation needed]

She photographed Clapton for Rolling Stone magazine and became the first woman to have a photograph on the cover (May 11, 1968). After she married McCartney, her photo of the two of them appeared on the cover of Rolling Stone on January 31, 1974, making her the only person to appear on the magazine's cover who was also the photographer. Her photographs were later exhibited in more than 50 galleries internationally, and at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. A collection of photographs from that time, Linda McCartney's Sixties: Portrait of an Era, was published in 1992.[19] She also took the photograph for the cover of Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson's single "The Girl Is Mine".[20]

### Music

[edit]

Main article: Paul McCartney and Wings

Paul and Linda McCartney at the Academy Awards at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion April 2, 1974

After the Beatles broke up in 1970, Paul taught Linda to play keyboards and recorded an album with her, Ram, as a duo. The couple formed the band Wings.[21] They garnered several Grammy Awards, becoming one of the most successful British bands of the 1970s, but had to endure gibes about Linda's singing.[22]

In 1977 the reggae-inspired single "Seaside Woman" was released by an obscure band called Suzy and the Red Stripes on Epic Records in the United States. Suzy and the Red Stripes were Wings, with Linda (who wrote the song) on lead vocals.[23] The song, recorded by Wings in 1972, was written in response to allegations from Paul's publisher that Linda's co-writing credits were inauthentic and that she was not a real songwriter. In 1971 Northern Songs and Maclen Music filed a lawsuit alleging that Paul McCartney had violated an exclusive rights agreement by collaborating with Linda on the song "Another Day", which had the effect of transferring a 50% share of the publishing royalties to his own McCartney Music company.[24] The lawsuit was "amicably settled", according to an ATV spokesman, in June 1972.[25]

The McCartneys shared an Oscar nomination for the song "Live and Let Die"; they were photographed together at the event in April 1974.[26] Linda's album Wide Prairie, which included "Seaside Woman", was released posthumously in 1998.[27] Along with eight other British composers, Paul contributed to the choral album A Garland for Linda, and he dedicated his classical album Ecce Cor Meum (1999) to Linda.[28]

### Vegetarian cookbooks and company

[edit]

Main article: Linda McCartney Foods

When she and Paul decided to become vegetarians in 1975,[29] Linda stated that she would no longer "eat anything with a face" and "if slaughterhouses had glass walls the whole world would be vegetarian."[30]

This shift led to the creation of cookbooks and a company. In 1989, she released her first vegetarian cookbook, Linda McCartney's Home Cooking (she credits author Peter Cox "for all of his help and research" on the copyright page).[15][3][31] Next in 1991, Linda started her own company called Linda McCartney Foods, that served frozen vegetarian meals.[15] According to Far Out Magazine, Linda McCartney Foods, "helped make it easier and more accessible for people to choose not to eat meat. At the time, options were extremely limited and Linda essentially made vegetarianism possible on a much larger scale. The brand is one of Britain's most established meat-free food products."[30] However, in 1999, the H. J. Heinz Company acquired the company,[32] and in 2007, the Hain Celestial Group bought it.[33]

Her next vegetarian cookbook, Linda's Kitchen: Simple and Inspiring Recipes for Meatless Meals, was published in 1995,[34] and was nominated for a James Beard Foundation Award in the Vegetarian Books category in 1996.[35] In 2021, Paul, Stella, and Mary McCartney updated and veganized a number of Linda's vegetarian recipes, and released them as the vegan cookbook, Linda McCartney's Family Kitchen.[36][37] Linda McCartney's Family Kitchen was nominated for an IVFF award in 2021.[38]

## Personal life

[edit]

### Marriages

[edit]

#### Melville See Jr. (1962–1965)

[edit]

Eastman's first marriage was to Joseph Melville See Jr. (April 19, 1938 – March 19, 2000),[39] whom she met in college. He earned a geology degree from Princeton and pursued graduate studies at the University of Arizona in Tucson. Eastman followed him there, where she enrolled at the university to study art history. While she was there her mother was killed in the 1 March 1962 crash of American Airlines Flight 1 over Jamaica Bay, New York.

She married See on June 18, 1962, and their daughter Heather Louise was born on December 31, 1962. The couple had dissimilar lifestyles, became increasingly unhappy, and divorced in June 1965. He was an academic who spent much of his time studying and doing research, while she preferred a home life. She loved the wide open spaces in Arizona and enjoyed riding horses through the desert landscape. The settings, with saguaro cacti, reminded her of scenery from western films, which inspired her to take up photography as a hobby.[9]

#### Paul McCartney (1969–1998)

[edit]

See also: Paul McCartney, Heather McCartney, Mary McCartney, Stella McCartney, and James McCartney

On May 15, 1967, while on a photo assignment in London, Eastman met Paul McCartney at the Bag O'Nails club, where Georgie Fame was performing. They met again four days later at the launch party for Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band at Brian Epstein's house. When her assignment was completed, she flew back to New York City.[40]: 432

They got together again the following May in New York, while McCartney and John Lennon were there to inaugurate Apple Records.[41] A few months after he returned to London, McCartney invited Eastman to spend some time with him there. When she arrived, they went to his home, where they spent the evening. "He must have been really happy that night", said one of the fans who often loitered outside his home. "He sat on the windowsill with his acoustic guitar and sang 'Blackbird' to us from his upstairs room."[42]

McCartney was attracted to Eastman for a number of reasons, which he explained later: "I liked her as a woman; she was good-looking with a good figure, so physically I was attracted to her."[40]: 471 McCartney also liked her sense of independence:

> "Her mental attitude was quite rebellious ... [growing up] she was the kind of kid who would hang out in the kitchen with the black maids" to learn cooking. She disliked socializing. They both liked natural surroundings, he said, and they shared a love of nature, which became one of their most important emotional links.[40]: 471 He knew that because of her "very free spirit", she was considered a rebel and a black sheep by her family for avoiding excelling in education, unlike her father and brother. "She was an artist," Paul said, "and was not cut out to be an academic."[attribution needed][40]: 471

Linda's daughter, Heather, created another strong bond between them, since he had always liked and wanted children of his own. When McCartney first met Heather, who was nearly six, he insisted that she and Linda move to London to live with him. After they did, he devoted time to Heather, playing with her, reading her stories, and drawing cartoons with her. He sang her to sleep at bedtime.[42]

Linda McCartney performing in 1976 with Paul McCartney and Wings

Biographer Philip Norman observed that Linda had some personality aspects which Paul admired. She seemed less concerned with clothing or her public appearance, preferring to dress casually, even in semi-formal settings. She typically held his arm when they were together, often "gazing up at him in awe", and seeming to idolize him.[42] Paul's friends said that he began to be less formal, whether shaving less often or just wearing simpler clothes. "He could go on the bus down to Apple," said his maid, "and no one would recognize him."[42]

Linda's relaxed attitude about everyday things began to affect him in other ways. He recalls once feeling guilty because he was exhausted from work and, having trained himself to never appear tired, apologized to her. She simply replied, "it's allowed", which amazed him. "I remember thinking, Fucking hell! That was a mind-blower. I'd never been with anyone who thought like that ... it was patently clear that it was allowed to be tired."[42]

They were married in a small civil ceremony at Marylebone Town Hall on March 12, 1969.[43][44][45] British fans reacted negatively, partly because his marriage ended McCartney's status as the last unattached Beatle.[46]: 51 John Lennon married Yoko Ono a week later, and both women were perceived by fans as reasons for the group's breakup.[46]: 50 Lennon at one point publicly criticized the way the press treated Linda: "She got the same kind of insults, hatred, absolute garbage thrown at her for no reason whatsoever other than she fell in love with Paul McCartney."[46]: 52

In late 1969, Paul fell into a deep depression due to the Beatles' pending breakup after John Lennon's departure.[47] He spent days in bed and drank excessively, wondering what to do with his life.[48] McCartney later said that Linda helped him pull out of that crisis by praising his work as a songwriter and persuading him to continue writing and recording.[46]: 131

After a few troubled months, Paul McCartney wrote "Maybe I'm Amazed" in Linda's honour. He explained during an interview that the song was written "for me and Linda", and that with the Beatles breaking up,

> "that was my feeling: Maybe I'm amazed at what's going on ... Maybe I'm a man and maybe you're the only woman who could ever help me; Baby won't you help me understand ... Maybe I'm amazed at the way you pulled me out of time, hung me on the line, Maybe I'm amazed at the way I really need you." He added that "every love song I write is for Linda."[48][49][attribution needed]

> His marriage to Linda, viewed as such a disastrous misstep at the time, became by far the happiest and most durable in pop. Despite the immensity of his fame and wealth, the couple managed to lead a relatively normal domestic life and prevent their children from becoming the usual pampered, neglected, screwed-up rock-biz brats. If the public never quite warmed to Linda, thanks mainly to her militant vegetarianism and animal-rights activism, she was acknowledged to have been the right one for him, just as Yoko had been for John.

—Biographer Philip Norman[50]

During their 29-year marriage, the McCartneys had four children: she brought her daughter Heather (whom Paul later formally adopted) from her first marriage, and together the couple had Mary (b. August 28, 1969), Stella (b. September 13, 1971), and James (b. September 12, 1977).

They sometimes went to his farmhouse retreat in the west of Scotland which he had originally purchased to "escape Beatlemania".[40]: 470 They both liked and needed time away from the city, and were equally attracted to natural surroundings, writes biographer Barry Miles. "We'd just enjoy sitting out in nature", Paul said.[40]: 470 The song "Two of Us" on Let it Be was written by Paul during one of their country drives. "This song was about that: doing nothing, trying to get lost ... [and] the wonderfully free attitude we were able to have."[40]: 470 [51]

Linda recalled the setting:

> Scotland was like nothing I'd ever lived in. It was the most beautiful land you have ever seen, way at the end of nowhere. To me it was the first feeling I'd ever had of civilization dropped away ... so different from all the hotels and limousines and the music business, so it was quite a relief.[40]: 522

McCartney began writing more of his songs away from the studio. "I found that I was enjoying working alone", he said.[40]: 571 He wrote the song "The Lovely Linda" for his debut solo album while they were staying in Scotland.[40]: 571 In 1971, they recorded the album Ram.

She became Lady McCartney when her husband was knighted in 1997. Her brother, entertainment lawyer John Eastman, had represented McCartney since the Beatles' breakup, until his death in 2022.[52]

### Lifestyle

[edit]

#### Animal rights activist

[edit]

A strong advocate of animal rights, Linda lent her support to many organizations, such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), the Council for the Protection of Rural England, and Friends of the Earth. She was also a patron of the League Against Cruel Sports.[15] She narrated a TV advertisement for PETA in which she said: "Have you ever seen a fish gasping for breath when you take it out of the water? They're saying, 'Thanks a lot for killing me. It feels great, you know.' No! It hurts!"[53] After her death, PETA created the Linda McCartney Memorial Award.[54]

#### Marijuana

[edit]

In 1984, McCartney was arrested in Barbados for possession of marijuana; her husband had been arrested in 1975 in Los Angeles on the same charge.[55] After flying to Heathrow Airport, she was arrested on charges of possession. She later said that, while hard drugs were "disgusting", marijuana was "pretty lightweight".[56][57]

## Diagnosis and death

[edit]

McCartney was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1995, and her condition worsened when the cancer metastasized to her liver.[58] Paul was aware of the prognosis and later said, "The doctors had told me privately that we'd caught it too late, that she'll have about 18 months. And that was what she had."[59][60] She died from the disease at the age of 56 on April 17, 1998, at the McCartney family ranch in Tucson, Arizona. Her family was with her when she died.[61]

McCartney was cremated in Tucson, and her ashes were scattered at the McCartney family's English farm in Sussex.[62] Paul later suggested that fans remember her by donating to breast cancer research charities that did not support animal testing, "or the best tribute: go veggie". A memorial service was held at St. Martin-in-the-Fields in London, which was attended by George Harrison, Ringo Starr, Billy Joel, Elton John, David Gilmour, Peter Gabriel, and other celebrities among a congregation of 700.[63] A memorial service was also held at Riverside Church in Manhattan two months after her death.[64] Paul said at her funeral, "She was my girlfriend. I lost my girlfriend."[65]

McCartney left all of her property to Paul, including royalties from books and records and rights to her photos.[66][67] He pledged to continue her line of vegetarian food and to keep it free from GMOs.[68]

### Tributes and dedications

[edit]

The Linda McCartney Memorial Garden and bronze statue in Kintyre, Scotland

In June 1998, the artist Brian Clarke exhibited The Glass Wall (Dedicated to Linda McCartney), a 1,012 square foot artwork in stained glass, at the Tony Shafrazi Gallery in New York. Created by Clarke between 1997–98, a period in which he and McCartney exhibited their collaborations in photography and stained glass together at the Swiss National Museum of Glass Arts in Romont,[69][70] the artwork—which takes as its motif the fleur-de-lys or lily, cited as Linda's favourite flower—was renamed in tribute to her after her death. The exhibition, of the same name, ran until September 1998, after which The Glass Wall was acquired by the Corning Museum of Glass,[71] and installed as part of its permanent collection in Steuben. After her death, the Edinburgh International Film Festival premiered Wide Prairie, a six-minute cartoon fantasy film McCartney made with director Oscar Grillo.[72][73]

In April 1999, Paul McCartney performed at the "Concert for Linda" tribute at the Royal Albert Hall, organized by two of their friends, Chrissie Hynde and Carla Lane.[74] Among the artists who performed, besides Paul, were George Michael, the Pretenders, Elvis Costello, Tom Jones, and Neil Finn.[75] Paul closed the concert by dedicating the event to Linda, whom he called his "beautiful baby", and their children.[76]

On 19 July 1999, just a few yards from Calderstones House in Liverpool, Paul officially opened the Linda McCartney Children's Play Area in Calderstones Park, unveiling a plaque at the entrance and planting a Cypress Oak tree (Quercus fastigiata) nearby overlooking the play area.

In January 2000, Paul made donations in excess of $2,000,000 for cancer research at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York and the Arizona Cancer Center in Tucson, where Linda received treatment. The donations, through the Garland Appeal, were made on the condition that no animals would be used for testing.[77] Also in 2000, The Linda McCartney Centre, a cancer clinic, opened at The Royal Liverpool University Hospital. In November 2002, the Linda McCartney Kintyre Memorial Trust opened a memorial garden in Campbeltown near where the family's Scottish farmhouse was located, with a bronze statue of her created by sculptor Jane Robbins, Paul's cousin.[13][78]

## Representation in other media

[edit]

Elizabeth Mitchell and Gary Bakewell played the McCartneys in the 2000 TV film The Linda McCartney Story.[79] She was portrayed by Catherine Strauss in the 1985 TV film John and Yoko: A Love Story.[80] The McCartneys guest-starred as themselves in The Simpsons 1995 episode "Lisa the Vegetarian".[81]

She appears in the 2021 Peter Jackson documentary The Beatles: Get Back.[82]

## Discography

[edit]

Main article: Wings discography

### Albums

[edit]

* Ram (1971) (with Paul McCartney)
* Wide Prairie (1998)

### Solo singles

[edit]

Year  | Title  | UK | Album

|
|
|

1998  | "Wide Prairie"  | 74  | Wide Prairie
1999  | "The Light Comes from Within"  | 56

### Session work

[edit]

* Paul McCartney – McCartney (1970)
* Denny Laine – Holly Days (1977)
* Denny Laine – Japanese Tears (1980)
* Paul McCartney – McCartney II (1980)
* Paul McCartney – Tug of War (1982)
* Paul McCartney – Pipes of Peace (1983)
* Paul McCartney – Give My Regards to Broad Street (1984)
* Paul McCartney – Press to Play (1986)
* Paul McCartney – Flowers in the Dirt (1989)
* Paul McCartney – Off the Ground (1993)
* Paul McCartney – Flaming Pie (1997)

## See also

[edit]

* List of animal rights advocates
* List of vegetarians

## References

[edit]

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2. ^ "Linda McCartney – Official Website". Archived from the original on May 20, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
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* "A Healthy Way of Life" Archived May 11, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Hain Celestial Group, accessed February 1, 2011.
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* That it was owned by Heinz: Nigel Slater, "When the McCartneys came for lunch" Archived July 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, The Observer, April 29, 2007.
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49. ^ Heatley, Michael; Hopkinson, Frank (2010). The Girl in the Song: The Real Stories Behind 50 Rock Classics. Pavilion.
50. ^ Norman, Philip (2016). Paul McCartney: A Life. New York: Little, Brown and Co. (2016). p. 10.
51. ^ "Paul McCartney – Two Of Us (Live)". October 17, 2008. Archived from the original on May 8, 2010. Retrieved December 23, 2019 - via YouTube..
52. ^ Barnes, Brigham T (September 30, 2004). "Entertainment lawyer John Eastman ('64) discussed 'doing something different'". New York School of Law. Archived from the original on November 14, 2004. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
53. ^ "Activists Target Fish Menus". Reading Eagle. September 9, 1999. Archived from the original on March 6, 2023. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
54. ^ "News". PETA. Archived from the original on May 5, 2011. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
55. ^ Wasserman, Harry (July 6, 1980). "Paul's Pot-Bust Shocker Makes Him A Jailhouse Rocker". High Times. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
56. ^ "Arrested: Paul McCartney". Time. January 30, 1984. Archived from the original on November 18, 2007. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
57. ^ "Paul McCartney on Drugs". 10 Zen Monkeys. January 3, 2007. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
58. ^ Saffian, Sarah (December 17, 2001). "Untimely deaths haunt extended Beatles family". US Weekly. p. 37.
59. ^ "Paul McCartney: Yoko Ono did not break up the Beatles". The Guardian. October 27, 2012. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
60. ^ "Yoko Ono didn't break up the Beatles, Paul McCartney says". Los Angeles Times. October 29, 2012. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
61. ^ "Paul's Lovely Linda". People. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
62. ^ "Linda McCartney suicide claims dismissed". BBC. April 23, 1998. Archived from the original on April 13, 2012. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
63. ^ "Linda McCartney farewell celebrates her passions". CNN. London. June 8, 1998. Archived from the original on January 19, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
64. ^ Kozinn, Allan (June 23, 1998). "Paul. Children and a Horse Gather at Memorial to Linda McCartney". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 22, 2012. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
65. ^ "Broken Hearted Jubilee" Archived April 21, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The Cobra Nose, Vol. 30
66. ^ "Linda leaves fortune to Paul". BBC News. March 14, 2000. Archived from the original on April 13, 2012. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
67. ^ "The Will of Linda McCartney". Courtroom Television Network. July 4, 1996. Archived from the original on January 9, 2009. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
68. ^ "Sir Paul's GM foods pledge". BBC News. June 1999. Archived from the original on September 30, 2009. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
69. ^ Trümpler, Stefan; McCartney, Linda; Clarke, Brian (1997). Brian Clarke – Linda McCartney: Collaborations. Berne: Benteli. ISBN 3-7165-1086-6. OCLC 46638314.
70. ^ Lister, David (February 23, 1998). "Glass act: Linda turns Paul into an art revival". The Independent. Archived from the original on June 14, 2022. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
71. ^ "The Glass Wall". CMOG Collection Search. Corning Museum of Glass. Archived from the original on January 23, 2022. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
72. ^ "Linda McCartney's last film set for premiere". BBC News. August 16, 1998. Archived from the original on February 25, 2003. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
73. ^ "Linda's last film premières to packed house". BBC News. August 20, 1998. Archived from the original on August 5, 2012. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
74. ^ Costello, Elvis (2015). Unfaithful Music & Disappearing Ink. Penguin. ch. 5.
75. ^ "Paul McCartney leads Linda tribute". BBC News. April 11, 1999. Archived from the original on October 5, 2007. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
76. ^ "Paul McCartney's "Concert for Linda'". YouTube. Archived December 29, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, April 10, 1999
77. ^ "Sir Paul's $2m cancer donation". BBC News. January 5, 2000. Archived from the original on April 13, 2012. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
78. ^ "Scots tribute to Linda McCartney". BBC News. November 1, 2002. Archived from the original on January 19, 2008. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
79. ^ "The Linda McCartney Story". Rotten Tomatoes. 2000. Archived from the original on December 10, 2011. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
80. ^ Womack, Kenneth (2017). The Beatles Encyclopedia: Everything Fab Four. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood. ISBN 9781440844263. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
81. ^ Martyn, Warren; Wood, Adrian (2000). "Lisa the Vegetarian". BBC. Archived from the original on March 9, 2005. Retrieved November 30, 2008.
82. ^ Feldman-Barett, Christine (November 25, 2021). "Yoko, Linda, Get Back and shifting perceptions of the women of the Beatles". The Conversation. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* McCartney, Linda. Linda McCartney's Home Cooking: Quick, Easy, And Economical Vegetarian Dishes for Today. (Arcade, 1990) ISBN 978-1559700979
* McCartney, Linda. Linda's Kitchen: Simple And Inspiring Recipes For Meatless Meals. (Arcade, 1995) ISBN 978-0821221235
* McCartney, Linda (with Paul, Mary, and Stella McCartney). Linda McCartney's Family Kitchen: Over 90 Plant-Based Recipes to Save the Planet and Nourish the Soul. (Voracious/Little, Brown, and Co., 2021) ISBN 978-0-316-49798-5

## Further reading

[edit]

* Fields, Danny (2001). Linda McCartney. Time Warner (Paperbacks). ISBN 978-0-7515-2985-2.
* Halstead, Craig (2007). Michael Jackson: For the Record. Authors OnLine. ISBN 978-0-7552-0267-6.
* Miles, Barry (1997). Many Years From Now. Vintage-Random House. ISBN 978-0-7493-8658-0.
* Spitz, Bob (2005). The Beatles – The Biography. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-80352-6.

## External links

[edit]

Wikiquote has quotations related to Linda McCartney.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Linda McCartney.

* Official website
* Linda McCartney at IMDb
* Linda McCartney's Family Kitchen - In Conversation with Paul, Mary and Stella (Paul McCartney Official Channel) \- Interview, Oct 6, 2021

* v
* t
* e

Paul McCartney

* Paul "Wix" Wickens
* Rusty Anderson
* Brian Ray
* Abe Laboriel Jr.

* Linda McCartney
* Hamish Stuart
* Robbie McIntosh
* Chris Whitten
* Blair Cunningham

Studio albums|

* McCartney
* Ram
* Thrillington
* McCartney II
* Tug of War
* Pipes of Peace
* Give My Regards to Broad Street
* Press to Play
* Снова в СССР
* Flowers in the Dirt
* Off the Ground
* Flaming Pie
* Run Devil Run
* Driving Rain
* Chaos and Creation in the Backyard
* Memory Almost Full
* Kisses on the Bottom
* New
* Egypt Station
* McCartney III

with Wings|

* Wild Life
* Red Rose Speedway
* Band on the Run
* Venus and Mars
* Wings at the Speed of Sound
* London Town
* Back to the Egg

The Fireman|

* Strawberries Oceans Ships Forest
* Rushes
* Electric Arguments

Classical|

* Paul McCartney's Liverpool Oratorio
* Standing Stone
* Working Classical
* Ecce Cor Meum
* Ocean's Kingdom

Live albums|

* Wings over America (with Wings)
* Tripping the Live Fantastic
* Unplugged (The Official Bootleg)
* Paul Is Live
* Back in the U.S.
* Back in the World Live
* Amoeba's Secret
* Good Evening New York City
* Live in Los Angeles
* Amoeba Gig
* One Hand Clapping

Remix albums|

* Liverpool Sound Collage
* Twin Freaks
* McCartney III Imagined

Compilations|

* Wings Greatest
* All the Best!
* The Paul McCartney Collection
* Wingspan: Hits and History
* Never Stop Doing What You Love
* Pure McCartney
* McCartney I II III
* The 7″ Singles Box

Books|

* High in the Clouds
* Hey Grandude!
* The Lyrics: 1956 to the Present
* 1964: Eyes of the Storm

Filmography|

* A Hard Day's Night (1964)
* Help! (1965)
* Magical Mystery Tour (1967)
* Yellow Submarine (1968)
* Let It Be (1970)
* James Paul McCartney (1973)
* Wings Over the World (1979)
* Back to the Egg (1979)
* Concert for Kampuchea (1980)
* Rockshow (1980)
* Rupert and the Frog Song (1984)
* Give My Regards to Broad Street (1984)
* Put It There (1989)
* MTV Unplugged (1991)
* Get Back (1991)
* Liverpool Oratorio (1991)
* Paul Is Live (1993)
* In the World Tonight (1997)
* Standing Stone (1997)
* Tropic Island Hum (1997)
* Live at the Cavern Club (1999)
* Working Classical (2000)
* Wingspan (2001)
* The Concert for New York City (2001)
* Back in the U.S. (2002)
* Paul McCartney in Red Square (2003)
* The Music and Animation Collection (2004)
* Between Chaos and Creation (2005)
* The Space Within US (2006)
* Memory Almost Full – Deluxe Edition (2007)
* The McCartney Years (2007)
* Ecce Cor Meum (2008)
* Good Evening New York City (2009)
* The Love We Make (2011)
* A Rendez-Vous with Paul McCartney (2013)
* New – Collector's Edition (2014)
* A MusiCares Tribute to Paul McCartney (2015)
* Pure McCartney (2016)
* Carpool Karaoke: When Corden Met McCartney Live from Liverpool (2018)

Bootlegs|

* Cold Cuts
* Costello Album
* A Toot and a Snore in '74
* Return to Pepperland

Tours|

* The Paul McCartney World Tour
* The New World Tour
* Driving World Tour
* The 'US' Tour
* Summer Live '09
* Good Evening Europe Tour
* Up and Coming Tour
* On the Run
* Out There
* One on One
* 2018 Secret Gigs
* Freshen Up
* Got Back

Tributes|

* The Art of McCartney
* Let Us in Americana: The Music of Paul McCartney
* Pure McCartney (2013 album)

Lists|

* Awards
* Discography
* Music contributions and appearances
* Song recordings

Related media|

* "Cut Me Some Slack"
* The Family Way
* A Garland for Linda
* "Lisa the Vegetarian"
* The McCartney Interview
* Many Years from Now
* Oobu Joobu
* Paul McCartney Archive Collection
* Paul McCartney's Glastonbury Groove
* Two of Us (film)
* Wide Prairie

Other topics|

* 20 Forthlin Road
* The Beatles
* Brian Clarke
* The Fireman
* Lennon–McCartney
* Heather Mills
* MPL Communications
* "Paul is dead"
* Paul McCartney's band
* Personal relationships
* The Quarrymen
* Wings

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Wings

* Paul McCartney
* Linda McCartney
* Denny Laine
* Denny Seiwell
* Henry McCullough
* Jimmy McCulloch
* Geoff Britton
* Joe English
* Laurence Juber
* Steve Holley

Studio albums|

* Wild Life (1971)
* Red Rose Speedway (1973)
* Band on the Run (1973)
* Venus and Mars (1975)
* Wings at the Speed of Sound (1976)
* London Town (1978)
* Back to the Egg (1979)

Live albums|

* Wings over America (1976)
* Wings over Europe (2018)
* One Hand Clapping (2024)

Compilations|

* Wings Greatest (1978)
* Cold Cuts (unreleased)
* Wingspan: Hits and History (2001)

Singles|

* "Give Ireland Back to the Irish"
* "Mary Had a Little Lamb" / "Little Woman Love"
* "Hi, Hi, Hi" / "C Moon"
* "My Love"
* "Live and Let Die" / "I Lie Around"
* "Helen Wheels" / "Country Dreamer"
* "Mrs. Vandebilt" / "Bluebird"
* "Jet" / "Mamunia"
* "Let Me Roll It"
* "Band on the Run" / "Zoo Gang"
* "Nineteen Hundred and Eighty-Five"
* "Junior's Farm" / "Sally G"
* "Listen to What the Man Said" / "Love in Song"
* "Letting Go" / "You Gave Me the Answer"
* "Venus and Mars"/"Rock Show" / "Magneto and Titanium Man"
* "Silly Love Songs" / "Cook of the House"
* "Let 'Em In" / "Beware My Love"
* "Maybe I'm Amazed" / "Soily"
* "Seaside Woman"
* "Mull of Kintyre" / "Girls' School"
* "With a Little Luck" / "Backwards Traveller"/"Cuff Link"
* "I've Had Enough" / "Deliver Your Children"
* "London Town" / "I'm Carrying"
* "Goodnight Tonight" / "Daytime Nighttime Suffering"
* "Old Siam, Sir"
* "Getting Closer"
* "Arrow Through Me" / "Old Siam, Sir"
* "Rockestra Theme"
* "Coming Up (Live at Glasgow)"
* "Mama's Little Girl"

Other songs|

* "Big Barn Bed"
* "Little Lamb Dragonfly"
* "No Words"
* "Picasso's Last Words (Drink to Me)"
* "Call Me Back Again"
* "She's My Baby"
* "Must Do Something About It"
* "Warm and Beautiful"
* "Girlfriend"

Tours|

* Wings University Tour (1972)
* Wings Over Europe Tour (1972)
* Wings 1973 UK Tour (May 1973)
* Wings Over the World tour (1975–1976)
* Wings UK Tour 1979 (1979)

Filmography|

* Wings Over the World (1979)
* Concert for Kampuchea (1980)
* Rockshow (1980)
* Back to the Egg (1981)
* Wingspan – An Intimate Portrait (2001)

Related articles|

* 1972 Wings Tour Bus
* Discography
* Songs
* McGear
* Concerts for the People of Kampuchea (album)
* Japanese Tears
* Standard Time
* Suzy and the Red Stripes
* The Oriental Nightfish
* Wide Prairie

* v
* t
* e

Animal rights

Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)

| Overviews|

* Animal rights movement
* Animal rights by country or territory
* Anarchism and animal rights
* Animal rights and punk subculture
* Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies
* Animal rights in Indian religions
* Christianity and animal rights
* History of animal rights
* List of international animal welfare conventions
* Moral status of animals in the ancient world
* Timeline of animal welfare and rights
* Total liberation
* Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare

|

Concepts|

* Abolitionism
* Ahimsa
* Animal cognition
* Animal consciousness
* Animal ethics
* Animal–industrial complex
* Animal law
* Animal protectionism
* Animal welfare
* Animal-free agriculture
* Anthrozoology
* Argument from marginal cases
* Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
* Carnism
* Equal consideration of interests
* Emotion in animals
* Ethics of eating meat
* Ethics of uncertain sentience
* Ethology
* Insects in ethics
* Meat paradox
* Nonviolence
* Open rescue
* Opposition to hunting
* Personism
* Replaceability argument
* Sentiocentrism
* Speciesism
* Veganism
* Vegaphobia
* Vegetarianism

Issues|

| Animal agriculture|

* Animal product
* Battery cage
* Bile bear
* Chick culling
* Concentrated animal feeding operation
* Fish farming
* Fur farming
* Fur trade
* Insect farming
* Intensive animal farming
* Intensive pig farming
* Livestock
* Poultry farming
* Slaughterhouse
* Wildlife farming
* Working animal
* Feedback (pork industry)
* Foam depopulation
* Ventilation shutdown

|

Animal testing|

* Alternatives to animal testing
* Animal testing on non-human primates
* Animal testing regulations
* Great ape research ban
* Green Scare
* Huntingdon Life Sciences
* Model organism
* Nafovanny
* Operation Backfire
* Vivisection

Animal welfare|

* Animal euthanasia
* Cruelty to animals
* Pain in animals
* Pain in amphibians
* Pain in cephalopods
* Pain in crustaceans
* Pain in fish
* Pain in invertebrates
* Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
* Welfare of farmed insects

Fishing|

* Commercial fishing
* Fishing bait
* Recreational fishing

Wild animals|

* Culling wildlife
* Hare coursing
* Hunting
* International primate trade
* Ivory trade
* Predation problem
* Seal hunting
* Wild animal suffering
* Wildlife management

Other|

* Abandoned pets
* Animal sacrifice
* Animal slaughter
* Animal trial
* Animals in sport
* Live food
* Live export

Cases|

* Brown Dog affair
* Cambridge University primates
* McLibel case
* Monkey selfie copyright dispute
* Pit of despair
* SHAC
* Silver Spring monkeys
* University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
* Unnecessary Fuss
* War of the currents

Methodologies|

* Direct Action Everywhere
* Hunt sabotage

Observances|

* World Animal Day
* World Day for the End of Speciesism
* World Day for Laboratory Animals
* World Day for the End of Fishing

Advocates (academics, writers, activists)

| Academics
and writers|

| Contemporary|

* Carol J. Adams
* Aysha Akhtar
* Kristin Andrews
* Tom Beauchamp
* Marc Bekoff
* Steven Best
* Paola Cavalieri
* Stephen R. L. Clark
* Alasdair Cochrane
* J. M. Coetzee
* Alice Crary
* David DeGrazia
* Daniel Dombrowski
* Sue Donaldson
* Josephine Donovan
* Joan Dunayer
* Mylan Engel
* Catia Faria
* Lawrence Finsen
* Gary L. Francione
* Robert Garner
* Valéry Giroux
* Lori Gruen
* John Hadley
* Oscar Horta
* Dale Jamieson
* Kyle Johannsen
* Melanie Joy
* Hilda Kean
* Will Kymlicka
* Renan Larue
* Thomas Lepeltier
* Andrew Linzey
* Clair Linzey
* Dan Lyons
* David Nibert
* Martha Nussbaum
* Clare Palmer
* Charles Patterson
* David Pearce
* Jessica Pierce
* Evelyn Pluhar
* Mark Rowlands
* Richard D. Ryder
* Steve F. Sapontzis
* Jeff Sebo
* Jérôme Segal
* Peter Singer
* Gary Steiner
* Cass Sunstein
* David Sztybel
* Michael Tye
* Tatjana Višak
* Paul Waldau
* Corey Lee Wrenn

|

Historical|

* Jeremy Bentham
* David Renaud Boullier
* Stephen St. C. Bostock
* Brigid Brophy
* Peter Buchan
* Mona Caird
* Priscilla Cohn
* Henry Crowe
* Herman Daggett
* Richard Dean
* Wilhelm Dietler
* William Hamilton Drummond
* Edward Payson Evans
* T. Forster
* John Galsworthy
* Thomas G. Gentry
* Arthur Helps
* John Hildrop
* John Zephaniah Holwell
* Soame Jenyns
* Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
* John Lawrence
* Charles R. Magel
* Jean Meslier
* Mary Midgley
* J. Howard Moore
* José Ferrater Mora
* Leonard Nelson
* Edward Nicholson
* Siobhan O'Sullivan
* Rod Preece
* Humphrey Primatt
* James Rachels
* Tom Regan
* Nathaniel Peabody Rogers
* Bernard Rollin
* Henry Stephens Salt
* Arthur Schopenhauer
* Laurids Smith
* John Styles
* Thomas Tryon
* Gary Varner
* Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann
* Mary Anne Warren
* Adam Gottlieb Weigen
* Johann Heinrich Winckler
* Steven M. Wise
* Jon Wynne-Tyson
* Voltaire

Activists|

| Contemporary|

* James Aspey
* Greg Avery
* Matt Ball
* Martin Balluch
* Carole Baskin
* Barbi Twins
* Brigitte Bardot
* Gene Baur
* Yves Bonnardel
* Joey Carbstrong
* Aymeric Caron
* Jake Conroy
* Rod Coronado
* Karen Dawn
* Chris DeRose
* John Feldmann
* Bruce Friedrich
* Juliet Gellatley
* Tal Gilboa
* Antoine Goetschel
* Mark Gold
* Brigitte Gothière
* Wayne Hsiung
* Charlotte Laws
* Ronnie Lee
* Howard Lyman
* Evanna Lynch
* Bill Maher
* Keith Mann
* Jim Mason
* Dan Mathews
* Jo-Anne McArthur
* Luísa Mell
* Virginia McKenna
* Morrissey
* Ingrid Newkirk
* Heather Nicholson
* Jack Norris
* Ric O'Barry
* David Olivier
* Alex Pacheco
* Craig Rosebraugh
* Nathan Runkle
* Jasmin Singer
* Kim Stallwood
* Lynda Stoner
* Marianne Thieme
* Darren Thurston
* Christine Townend
* Wendy Turner-Webster
* Jerry Vlasak
* Louise Wallis
* Gary Yourofsky
* That Vegan Teacher

|

Historical|

* Cleveland Amory
* Henry B. Amos
* Bob Barker
* Ernest Bell
* Edith Carrington
* Frances Power Cobbe
* Joan Court
* Karen Davis
* Royal Dixon
* Muriel Dowding
* Elizabeth Farians
* Emarel Freshel
* André Géraud
* Lewis Gompertz
* James Granger
* Nina Douglas-Hamilton
* Barry Horne
* Marie Huot
* Lizzy Lind af Hageby
* Jessie Mackay
* Norm Phelps
* Jill Phipps
* Maud Ingersoll Probasco
* Hans Ruesch
* Nell Shipman
* Henry Spira
* Andrew Tyler
* Gretchen Wyler

Movement (groups, parties)

| Groups|

| Contemporary|

* American Anti-Vivisection Society
* Animal Aid
* Animal Ethics
* Animal Justice
* Animal Justice Project
* Animal Legal Defense Fund
* Animal Liberation
* Animal Liberation Front
* Animal Rising
* AnimaNaturalis
* Anti-Vivisection Coalition
* Anonymous for the Voiceless
* Beauty Without Cruelty
* Born Free Foundation
* Centre for Animals and Social Justice
* Chinese Animal Protection Network
* Cruelty Free International
* Direct Action Everywhere
* Doctors Against Animal Experiments
* Equanimal
* Every Animal
* Farm Animal Rights Movement
* Faunalytics
* Great Ape Project
* Hunt Saboteurs Association
* In Defense of Animals
* Korea Animal Rights Advocates
* L214
* Last Chance for Animals
* Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition
* Mercy for Animals
* Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
* People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
* Rise for Animals
* Sentience Politics
* Uncaged Campaigns
* United Activists for Animal Rights
* United Poultry Concerns
* UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
* Viva!
* Voice for Animals Humane Society

|

Historical|

* Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
* Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society
* Humanitarian League (1891–1919)
* Millennium Guild
* Oxford Group

Parties|

* Animal Justice Party (Australia)
* Animal Politics EU (Europe)
* Animal Protection Party of Canada (Canada)
* Animal Justice Party of Finland (Finland)
* Animals' Party (Sweden)
* Animalist Movement (Italy)
* Animalist Party with the Environment (Spain)
* DierAnimal (Belgium)
* Human Environment Animal Protection Party (Germany)
* Italian Animalist Party (Italy)
* Party for the Animals (Netherlands)
* People Animals Nature (Portugal)
* V-Partei³ (Germany)

Activism|

* Animal Rights National Conference

Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)

| Books|

* On Abstinence from Eating Animals (3rd century)
* Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes (1824)
* The Rights of Animals (1838)
* The Ethics of Diet (1883)
* Animals' Rights (1892)
* Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology (1897)
* Better-World Philosophy (1899)
* The Universal Kinship (1906)
* The New Ethics (1907)
* Animals, Men and Morals (1971)
* Animal Liberation (1975)
* The Case for Animal Rights (1983)
* Morals, Reason, and Animals (1987)
* Zoos and Animal Rights (1993)
* Animals, Property, and the Law (1995)
* The Lives of Animals (1999)
* Eternal Treblinka (2001)
* Do Animals Have Rights? (2005)
* Striking at the Roots (2008)
* An American Trilogy (2009)
* An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory (2010)
* Animal Rights Without Liberation (2012)
* Political Animals and Animal Politics (2014)
* Animal (De)liberation (2016)
* Sentientist Politics (2018)
* Wild Animal Ethics (2020)
* Animal Ethics in the Wild (2022)
* Making a Stand for Animals (2022)

|

Films|

* The Animals Film (1981)
* A Cow at My Table (1998)
* Shores of Silence (2000)
* The Witness (2000)
* Meet Your Meat (2002)
* Legally Blonde 2 (2003)
* The Meatrix (2003)
* Peaceable Kingdom (2004)
* Earthlings (2005)
* Behind the Mask (2006)
* Your Mommy Kills Animals (2007)
* The Cove (2009)
* Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home (2009)
* Forks Over Knives (2011)
* Vegucated (2011)
* An Apology to Elephants (2013)
* Speciesism: The Movie (2013)
* The Ghosts in Our Machine (2013)
* Unlocking the Cage (2016)
* Dominion (2018)
* Seaspiracy (2021)

Periodicals|

| Journals|

* Animal Sentience
* Between the Species
* Cahiers antispécistes
* Etica & Animali
* Journal of Animal Ethics
* Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
* The Animals' Defender

|

Magazines|

* Arkangel
* Bite Back
* Muutoksen kevät
* No Compromise
* Satya

Albums|

* Animal Liberation (1987)
* Tame Yourself (1991)
* Manifesto (2008)
* Salvation of Innocents (2014)
* Onward to Freedom (2014)

Fairs and exhibitions|

* Holocaust on your Plate (2003)

* Category ( 139 )

* v
* t
* e

Veganism and vegetarianism

Perspectives|

| Veganism|

* Animal-free agriculture
* Black veganism
* Fruitarianism
* History
* Raw veganism
* Straight edge
* Hardline
* Nutrition
* Vegan organic agriculture
* Vegan school meal
* Vegan studies

|

Vegetarianism|

* Economic vegetarianism
* Environmental vegetarianism
* History
* Orthopathy
* Lacto vegetarianism
* Lacto-ovo vegetarianism
* Ovo vegetarianism
* Cuisine
* Vegetarian Diet Pyramid
* Ecofeminism
* Nutrition
* By country

Lists|

* Vegetarians
* Vegans
* Fictional characters
* Festivals
* Organizations
* Restaurants
* Vegan media

Ethics|

| Secular|

* Animal rights
* Animal welfare
* Carnism
* Deep ecology
* Environmental vegetarianism
* Ethics of eating meat
* Meat paradox
* Nonviolence
* Replaceability argument
* Sentientism
* Speciesism
* Tirukkuṟaḷ

|

Religious|

* Buddhism
* Christianity (Seventh-day Adventist Church)
* Hinduism
* Sattvic
* Ahimsa
* Islam
* Jainism
* Judaism
* Pythagoreanism
* Rastafari
* Sikhism
* Taoism

Food
and drink|

* Agave syrup
* Chicken fillet roll
* Coconut burger
* Dairy alternatives
* Coconut milk
* Plant cream
* Plant milk
* Soy yogurt
* Cheese
* Fruits
* Grains
* cereals
* legumes
* Gelatin substitutes
* Agar
* Carrageenan
* Gulaman
* Konjac jelly
* Microbial cellulose
* Jambon
* Meat alternative
* List of meat substitutes
* Miso
* Mochi
* Mock duck
* Nutritional yeast
* Quinoa
* Quorn
* Seitan
* Tempeh
* Tofu
* Tofurkey
* Vegetables
* Vegetarian bacon
* Hot dog
* Vegetarian mark
* Sausage
* Sausage roll
* Beer
* Wine
* Veggie burger

Groups
and events|

| Vegan|

* American Vegan Society
* Beauty Without Cruelty
* China Vegan Society
* Food Empowerment Project
* Go Vegan
* Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme
* Our Hen House
* Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
* Plamil Foods
* Vegan Awareness Foundation
* Vegan flag
* Vegan Outreach
* Vegan Prisoners Support Group
* The Vegan Society
* Veganmania
* Veganuary
* Veganz
* World Vegan Day

|

Vegetarian|

* Alcott House
* Bible Christian Church
* Boston Vegetarian Society
* Christian Vegetarian Association
* European Vegetarian Union
* French Vegetarian Society
* Hare Krishna Food for Life
* International Vegetarian Union
* Jewish Veg
* Meat-free days
* Meatless Monday
* Friday Fast
* North American Vegetarian Society
* Order of the Golden Age
* ProVeg Deutschland
* ProVeg International
* ProVeg Nederland
* Scottish Vegetarian Society
* Swissveg
* Toronto Vegetarian Association
* Vegetarian Federal Union
* Vegetarian Society
* Vegetarian Society (Singapore)
* Veggie Pride
* Viva! Health
* World Esperantist Vegetarian Association
* World Vegetarian Day

Companies|

* List of vegetarian and vegan companies

Books,
reports,
journals|

* On Abstinence from Eating Animals (3rd century)
* An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty (1802)
* Vegetable Cookery (1812)
* A Vindication of Natural Diet (1813)
* Reasons for not Eating Animal Food (1814)
* Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes (1824)
* Nature's Own Book (1835)
* Fruits and Farinacea (1845)
* The Pleasure Boat (1845)
* The Ethics of Diet (1883)
* What is Vegetarianism? (1886)
* Shelley's Vegetarianism (1891)
* Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses (1892)
* Why I Am a Vegetarian (1895)
* Figs or Pigs? (1896)
* Fifty Years of Food Reform (1898)
* Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian (1903)
* The Meat Fetish (1904)
* The New Ethics (1907)
* A Fleshless Diet (1910)
* The Benefits of Vegetarianism (1927)
* Living the Good Life (1954)
* Ten Talents (1968)
* Diet for a Small Planet (1971)
* The Vegetarian Epicure (1972)
* Moosewood Collective Cookbooks (1973)
* The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook (1975)
* Laurel's Kitchen (1976)
* Moosewood Cookbook (1977)
* Fit for Life (1985)
* Diet for a New America (1987)
* The Sexual Politics of Meat (1990)
* Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone (1997)
* The China Study (2005)
* Skinny Bitch (2005)
* Livestock's Long Shadow (2006)
* The Bloodless Revolution (2006)
* Eating Animals (2009)
* Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows (2009)
* The Vegan Studies Project (2015)
* Animal (De)liberation (2016)
* The End of Animal Farming (2018)
* Vegetable Kingdom (2020)
* Making a Stand for Animals (2022)
* Meat Atlas (annual)

Films and shows|

* The Animals Film (1981)
* Diet for a New America (film) (1991)
* A Cow at My Table (1998)
* Meet Your Meat (2002)
* Post Punk Kitchen (2003–2005)
* Peaceable Kingdom (2004)
* Earthlings (2005)
* A Sacred Duty (2007)
* Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead (2010)
* Planeat (2010)
* Forks Over Knives (2011)
* Vegucated (2011)
* Live and Let Live (2013)
* Cowspiracy (2014)
* PlantPure Nation (2015)
* What the Health (2017)
* Carnage (2017)
* Dominion (2018)
* Eating You Alive (2018)
* The Game Changers (2018)
* Maa Ka Doodh (2023)
* You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment (2024)

Magazines|

* Naked Food
* Satya
* Vegetarian Times
* VegNews
* The Animals' Agenda

Academics,
activists,
authors,
physicians|

| Vegan|

* Elisa Aaltola
* Carol J. Adams
* Suzanne M. Babich
* Martin Balluch
* Neal D. Barnard
* David Benatar
* Steven Best
* Yves Bonnardel
* Will Bonsall
* Will Bulsiewicz
* Georges Butaud
* Jodey Castricano
* T. Colin Campbell
* Robert Cook
* Brenda Davis
* Garth Davis
* Jan Deckers
* Alan Desmond
* Freya Dinshah
* H. Jay Dinshah
* George Dornbusch
* Mylan Engel
* Caldwell Esselstyn
* Gary L. Francione
* Joel Fuhrman
* Kristi Funk
* Valéry Giroux
* Lewis Gompertz
* Michael Greger
* A. Breeze Harper
* Oscar Horta
* Melanie Joy
* Joel Kahn
* Avery Yale Kamila
* Michael Klaper
* Aph Ko
* Renan Larue
* Maxwell G. Lee
* Thomas Lepeltier
* Howard Lyman
* Al-Ma'arri
* Reed Mangels
* John A. McDougall
* James E. McWilliams
* Vesanto Melina
* Gemma Newman
* David Nibert
* Jack Norris
* David Olivier
* David Pearce
* Emelia Quinn
* Tom Regan
* Jérôme Segal
* Peter Singer
* David Sztybel
* Sunaura Taylor
* Richard Twine
* Kim A. Williams
* Corey Lee Wrenn
* Laura Wright
* Sophie Zaïkowska

|

Vegetarian|

* Phyllis B. Acosta
* William Alcott
* Bertrand P. Allinson
* Thomas Allinson
* Charles R. Attwood
* William Axon
* Eduard Baltzer
* H. S. Bathgate
* Horace A. Barrows
* Geoffrey Barstow
* Sidney H. Beard
* George Bedborough
* Ernest Bell
* Robert Bell
* Ragnar Berg
* Rynn Berry
* Maximilian Bircher-Benner
* George Black
* Ernest Bonnejoy
* Lucius Duncan Bulkley
* J. L. Buttner
* Paul Carton
* Job Caudwell
* James Clark
* George Cheyne
* Henry S. Clubb
* Antonio Cocchi
* Edwin Collier
* Lenna F. Cooper
* Daniël de Clercq
* Georges Danjou
* Daniel Dombrowski
* James Elmslie Duncan
* Eknath Easwaran
* T. Forster
* Charles W. Forward
* Michael Allen Fox
* Peter Foxcroft
* Greta Gaard
* Mahatma Gandhi
* Narasinh Narayan Godbole
* Jules Grand
* Jeremiah Hacker
* John Haddon
* Walter Hadwen
* Alexander Haig
* Edward Hare
* George Harrison
* William Harvey
* Philippe Hecquet
* Brian Hines
* Martin Luther Holbrook
* Isaac Jennings
* John Harvey Kellogg
* Norman Kerr
* Daniel H. Kress
* William Lambe
* W. R. C. Latson
* Elmer Lee
* Susan M. Levin
* Andrew Linzey
* Clair Linzey
* Jacques de Marquette
* Alice Garrett Marsh
* Paul McCartney
* Stella McCartney
* Elmer McCollum
* William Metcalfe
* Eli Peck Miller
* Harry Willis Miller
* J. Howard Moore
* Reuben D. Mussey
* Helen Nearing
* Scott Nearing
* Francis William Newman
* R. E. O'Callaghan
* Josiah Oldfield
* Dean Ornish
* Felix Ortt
* Cyril V. Pink
* A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
* Rod Preece
* James Rachels
* Ulma Doyle Register
* Kenneth Romanes
* Rollo Russell
* Henry Stephens Salt
* Johan Lindström Saxon
* James Scholefield
* Richard H. Schwartz
* W. B. Shearn
* James Simpson
* Ernest Lester Smith
* William O. Stephens
* Alan Stoddard
* Russell Thacher Trall
* Frederick Towgood
* Sidney Trist
* Valluvar
* Emil Weilshäuser
* Ellen G. White
* Severin Wielobycki
* Howard Williams
* Frank Wokes
* W. A. Sibly
* Jon Wynne-Tyson
* Tzachi Zamir
* Kathleen Keen Zolber

Chefs and
cookbook authors|

* Pamela Anderson
* Nava Atlas
* Mayim Bialik
* Carleigh Bodrug
* Gypsy Boots
* BOSH!
* Martha Brotherton
* Edward Espe Brown
* Tabitha Brown (actress)
* Suzy Amis Cameron
* Hannah Che
* Pinky Cole
* Chloe Coscarelli
* Yamuna Devi
* Sue Donaldson
* Crescent Dragonwagon
* Rose Elliot
* Rip Esselstyn
* Toni Fiore
* Carol Lee Flinders
* Alexis Gauthier
* Dick Gregory
* Richa Hingle
* Madhur Jaffrey
* Mollie Katzen
* Frances Moore Lappé
* Deborah Madison
* Linda McCartney
* Mary McCartney
* Hetty Lui McKinnon
* Tracye McQuirter
* Joanne Lee Molinaro
* Moosewood Collective
* Charity Morgan
* Isa Chandra Moskowitz
* Bawa Muhaiyaddeen
* Gaz Oakley
* Colleen Patrick-Goudreau
* Mathew Pritchard
* Satchidananda Saraswati
* Derek Sarno
* Miyoko Schinner
* Alicia Silverstone
* Hannah Sunderani
* Bryant Terry
* Anna Thomas
* Haile Thomas
* Lauren Toyota
* Jeeca Uy
* Umberto Veronesi
* Nisha Vora
* Alan Wakeman
* Joe Yonan

Restaurants|

* Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli
* Cinnaholic
* Crossroads Kitchen
* Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro
* Greens Restaurant
* Hiltl Restaurant
* Little Pine (restaurant)
* Moosewood Restaurant
* Purezza
* Slutty Vegan
* Souley Vegan
* The Sound Lounge, London
* Veggie Galaxy
* Veggie Grill

Former restaurants|

* Cranks (restaurant)
* Food for Thought (restaurant)
* InSpiral Lounge
* Lentil as Anything
* Minerva Café
* New Riverside Cafe
* Nix (restaurant)
* Penny Cafeteria
* Pink Peacock
* The Hollow Reed
* The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel

Related|

* Vegetarian and vegan symbolism
* Juice fasting
* Vegetarian and vegan dog diet
* Vegaphobia
* Plant-based diet
* Plant-based action plan
* Sustainable diet
* Low-carbon
* Planetary health
* Flexitarianism
* Pescetarianism
* Pollotarianism
* William Shurtleff and Akiko Aoyagi (The Book of Tofu)

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Japan
* Italy
* Czech Republic
* Spain
* Netherlands
* Sweden
* Poland
* Israel
* Finland

Academics|

* CiNii

Artists|

* ULAN
* MusicBrainz
* RKD Artists
* Photographers' Identities
* Grammy Awards

People|

* Trove
* DDB

Other|

* IdRef
* SNAC

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